The temperature in residential premises is normal in winter. Required air temperature in living quarters

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It is very difficult to create a cozy and pleasant atmosphere in your home if the tooth does not hit the tooth. On the other hand, too much heat will not lead to anything good, except for frequent headaches and energy overruns. If the microclimate is not right, no photos and pictures hanging on the walls will help the apartment, so the temperature issue is very important. How to achieve the ideal temperature of 20-25 degrees Celsius from the point of view of scientists, and what else affects the comfortable weather in the house?

What affects the temperature in the apartment?

The temperature norm in an apartment is highly dependent on a number of external factors that inevitably affect the warmth of the room.

Among them:

Climatic features of the area of residence;
Season;
Age characteristics of homeowners and their personal preferences;
Features of the housing itself.

Now a little more about each factor.

Climate features

What temperature should be in the apartment in the north and what in the south - absolutely different questions, since nature dictates its conditions in different climatic zones, and therefore the inhabitants of the northern latitudes want more heat, and southerners would be better to cool the red-hot walls.

Thus, the comfortable temperature in the apartment is a completely different value throughout the globe, besides, the humidity of the air and the amount of precipitation in the region strongly affect the climate of housing, since in winter moisture can add frosty sensations, and in summer lead either to stuffiness or to light refreshment.

Seasons

The optimum temperature in the apartment in winter and summer rarely coincides. For most European countries the most favorable conditions in winter are 19-22 degrees, while in summer this figure rises to 25 degrees. At first glance, 3 degrees does not play a big role, but if you are in a room with a temperature of 3 degrees below the permissible, then the difference will immediately make itself felt.

Features of tenants

The temperature in the apartment: the snip norm speaks of one favorable conditions for a person, but personal sensations of the climate vary greatly and someone can be very cold at a comfortable 22 degrees, and someone can be hot at 19. On the other hand, despite the fact that some people may not feel the benefit of the optimal temperature, it affects all people equally. Therefore, despite the fact that even at 18 degrees it is warm for a certain individual, he can still catch a cold, since the human body is adapted to a certain regime that should not be violated.

In addition, it is worth considering what is the comfortable temperature in the apartment for women, and what for the representatives of the stronger sex. Due to gender characteristics, women are more thermophilic than men.

In addition, it is very important that the air temperature in the apartment, according to the norms of 20-23 degrees, be observed if small child, which is most susceptible to the environment, especially in the very first months of life. He needs to ensure the stability of the climate in the nursery so that there is no overheating or, conversely, hypothermia, as this is fraught with serious health consequences in the future.

Heating in the apartment: norms for each room

Each room in the dwelling should have its own suitable temperature regime so that the climate does not adversely affect the health of the inhabitants of the apartment.

Thus, it is worth keeping an eye on the thermometer in each room, for example:

In any room reserved for sleeping, the temperature should be 17-18 degrees, as this will ensure a healthy sleep without headaches.
For the kitchen, you should take care of temperature regime from 18 to 19 degrees, as there are a large number of heating devices, which will increase the air temperature anyway. If you turn on all the appliances at the same time, as during the cooking of lunch or dinner, it will become very hot and uncomfortable.
Since the bathroom has the most high humidity in the apartment, then the temperature here should be from 24 to 26 degrees Celsius, otherwise there will be a feeling of dampness or it will simply be very chilly to take a shower.
In the children's room, stability is important, as mentioned above. In addition, it should be borne in mind that for a newborn, the temperature should be quite high, about 24 degrees, and for an older child, you will have to slightly reduce the heating of the room - up to 21-22 degrees.
The minimum temperature in the apartment should not fall below 18 degrees, while it is not worth exceeding it above 22 degrees in all other rooms, except for those named, so that discomfort does not result.

The normal temperature in the apartment should not vary greatly from room to room, as it will be very uncomfortable to come from warm room in a chilled kitchen or bath, for example. So it is worth keeping an eye on the difference of 2-3 degrees, no more.

If we take into account the heating standard in apartment building according to GOST, it is interesting to note that top bar there is no temperature in the house, but there is a lower one - 18 degrees Celsius. Thus, each tenant must vary the maximum for himself, if necessary, opening windows and releasing excess heat outside.

In addition, the question “how to measure the temperature in an apartment” remains important, because it is difficult to understand whether housing complies with GOST or not. To do this, you need to determine the speed of air flow in the room and humidity. In general, the standard humidity of an apartment in Russia will be about 60%, and indoor winds will hardly be stronger than 0.3 m/s. Based on these parameters, with a thermometer reading of 24 degrees, the actual temperature will be 23. If the humidity is slightly higher or a little more drafts, then the temperature will drop another degree. Thus, the actual temperature rarely matches the one indicated by the thermometer.

It is better to observe the heating standards in the apartment, since the human body is sensitive to any unfavorable environment around. You should be especially careful in summer or winter period when the owners of air conditioners create a big imbalance between the outside world and their apartment. This provides great stress to the body, which experiences a sharp change in temperature every time, which leads to hypothermia or overheating.

Thus, it is worth trying to adhere to the principle of a difference between the home temperature and the outside temperature of 4-5 degrees. With this mode, the body will not suffer due to sharp fluctuations and the likelihood of getting sick drops dramatically.

If you surrender completely to personal preferences, then two scenarios are possible:

Overheat
hypothermia

Hypothermia of the body

In other words, this condition is called hypothermia. Hypothermia can lead to a whole range of sores, so it should be avoided.

It occurs for the reason that the body's heat transfer does not stop, but compensation does not occur, because the body begins to draw on internal resources that reduce the person's temperature below 36 degrees and further.

If the body is not warmed up in time, then colds and a runny nose will quickly arise, especially in young children, since their body gives off heat especially quickly and absorbs it very slowly.

Temperature standards in the apartment, detailed video:

Overheating of the body

If the temperature norm is somewhat exceeded, then we should soon expect the reproduction of bacteria, and as a result, unexpected diseases that should not occur in the summer.

In addition, excessive heat is very bad for the heart. vascular system person. This happens because the loss of moisture by the body leads to a greater density of blood, which is much harder for the heart to disperse throughout the body. As a result, it overstrains and begins to hurt.

Another negative phenomenon of overheating is dehydration, which occurs due to the body's attempts to maintain a balance between internal temperature and external temperature. Excessive sweating occurs, and therefore it is necessary to consume fluids in time so as not to get upset nervous system or electrolyte imbalance.

The temperature regime should be given the closest attention, since its violation in the direction of heat or cold will necessarily negatively affect health. Thus, timely actions to preserve the right climate will save you from a lot of headaches in the most literal sense.

The dwelling must have an air environment with the characteristics of air comfort, which is provided by the temperature in the room,
relative humidity and air velocity.
In the air of residential premises there should be no harmful vapors, gases, dust and microorganisms.
Building codes and regulations provide for a temperature in the dwellings of the middle and southern strip of the country + 18 ″С, and in the northern
areas +20″С.

However, these temperatures do not provide comfortable living, closer to them are hygiene standards that provide for
northern regions the temperature in the dwellings is + 21-22'C, in the middle ones + 20-21 "C, in the south - + 18- 19 * C. Relative humidity in residential premises is allowed within 30-60%, in summer - 35-50%, in winter - 30-40%. The microclimate of the dwelling is significantly affected by the speed of air movement. Still air excludes air exchange, sharply worsening the course of the process of respiration and thermoregulation of the human body. On the contrary, too high a speed of air movement in rooms can cause colds, which are possible in cases where the air flow is extremely unevenly blowing over various parts of the body. normal speed indoor air - 0.15 m/s

Permissible temperature difference in rooms and on the inner surface outer wall+6*С, i.e. at an indoor temperature of +18'C, the temperature on the surface of the outer wall should not be lower than +12'C. If it is lower, then the outer walls do not provide heat preservation, they have a high heat transfer and they need to be insulated. From a hygienic point of view
norms, the temperature difference should not exceed 2-3’C, and the temperature on the surface of the window glass should not be lower than +10″C.

The outer walls of a dwelling are considered satisfactory if, in winter, with sufficient heating, the required air temperature is maintained in it, there is no condensation of moisture on the inner surface of the walls, and there is no accumulation of moisture in the enclosing walls and in the air of the room.

Dampness on the walls of the living quarters of the house occurs due to defects in the outer walls and plumbing fixtures made during the design and construction of the house, as well as during its operation. In urban apartments located in high-rise buildings, dampness can be caused by the use of blocks and panels high humidity, leaks through the joints of panels, poor sealing of joints, poor drying of panels during the finishing work.

If dampness has appeared in the basements and premises of the first floor, it is worth paying attention to the serviceability of the yard and street water supply and sewerage networks, as well as yard drainage networks. Often the reason for the appearance of moisture is poorly executed pasting or non-rolled waterproofing of the basement floor.

To eliminate the dampness of the outer walls in the overlying floors, it is usually enough to improve the operation of heating and ventilation or to increase the moisture and heat-shielding properties of structures. Sometimes it is necessary to use both means, i.e. waterproofing and wall insulation. These works are carried out by the repair and construction organizations.

A special place in the normalization of the parameters of the microclimate of the dwelling is occupied by the southern regions, where the outdoor temperature reaches 35'C. The optimal temperature of a dwelling in such areas is considered to be + 24-25 * C with a relative humidity of 40-55% and its mobility of 0.15-0.20 m / s

The microclimate of the dwelling is significantly influenced by interior decoration walls and equipment. In residential premises with surfaces finished with lime plasters, the latter play the role of a relative humidity regulator, absorbing moisture from the air at high relative humidity and releasing it at low relative humidity. Surfaces finished with adhesive paints behave in the same way.

When replacing plaster and adhesive finishes with other materials that do not absorb moisture (oil and enamel paints, washable and moisture-resistant wallpapers), the relative humidity depends on the amount of moisture. emitted by various household appliances and machines (open containers with water, humidifiers, wet cleaning, boiling laundry, etc.), excess household moisture settles on such materials.

With the onset of the heating season, the issue of the temperature climate in a residential building becomes especially relevant. It often happens that the temperature of the walls in the apartment according to the norms and the actual temperature are very different from each other, which is a violation on the part of utilities. And what should the temperature of the walls be in the apartment and how to measure the temperature of the walls in the apartment?

The temperature of the walls in the room

The permissible temperature of the wall in the apartment in winter is regulated at the legislative level. Standards are allocated according to GOST, SNiP (building codes and rules) and sanitary standards.

The temperature of the walls in the apartment should be such that it is comfortable to be in the room. The main heating of the apartment in the cold season should be carried out mainly due to central heating provided by the municipal services of the city.

What temperature should the walls be in the apartment?

According to legislative documents on the heat supply of residential premises average temperature in apartments in cold and warm seasons should be approximately 20–23 degrees. This temperature is considered comfortable for life.

Indeed, if such a microclimate is maintained in a residential building, a child and an adult can live in it. But not always the real indicators of the temperature of the walls and air in the apartments correspond to the established standards. This happens especially often during the heating season. Residents' apartments do not warm up well enough, although they charge a lot for heating.

For the most part, utility specialists are not based on the temperature of the walls, but on the general air temperature in the room. Batteries may not warm up the walls enough, but they heat the air well (subject to normal current hot water and lack of airiness). It is also taken into account that the walls are actively cooled from the outside, so the temperature of the walls in the room may differ from the air temperature.

How is the temperature of the walls in the apartment measured? Measurement is done at special points. The temperature indicator is not measured in close proximity to walls or windows. In most cases, a point is selected that is 1.5 meters above the floor and 1 meter from the outer wall. It is noteworthy that if the air temperature does not meet the established norm, the payment for heat supply is reduced by 0.15% for each hour of non-compliance with the norms established by the state.

The temperature of the walls in the apartment according to the norms of SNiP

The temperature of the walls in the apartment according to the norms of SNiP practically does not differ from the established norms. According to building codes and the rules according to the number 2.04.05–91, the temperature in the living room should not fall below 20 degrees.

It is worth considering that the permissible temperature of the walls in an apartment according to the norms of SNiP strongly depends on the ambient temperature and the so-called dew point.

The norm of the temperature of the walls in the apartment according to SanPin

The temperature of the walls in the apartment according to sanitary standards in the living room is 24 degrees Celsius. It should be noted that only the upper temperature limit. As for living rooms (regardless of their type), the temperature is the same.

In general, the temperature of the walls in the apartment, according to sanitary standards, practically does not differ in any way from the standards indicated in building regulations and interstate standard. In any case, the indicator of air temperature and walls in apartments is identical in all legislative documents.

More about upper and lower limits temperature standards registered in GOSTs. There is less information in the SanPin and SNiP documents.

The temperature of the walls in the apartment in winter

The temperature of the walls in the GOST (30494-2011) apartment depends on the type of room and the season. For cold seasons (from the moment the heating is turned on), the norms are as follows:

living quarters
20-22 degrees
Residence in the northern region
21-23 degrees
Kitchen
19-21 degrees
Toilet
19-21 degrees
Combined bathroom and bathroom
24-26 degrees
Corridor between apartments
19-20 degrees
Children's room
23-24 degrees

It turns out that on average the temperature of the walls in the apartment is winter time year should be 20-22 degrees. The value of the temperature indicator almost completely coincides with the standards specified in SNiP and SanPin.

In addition to the temperature of the walls in the apartment according to GOSTs, you need to rely on common sense. The norms for the temperature of the walls in the room are compiled depending on the purpose of the room. For example, moderate coolness should be observed in bedrooms and they should be ventilated regularly, therefore, in a room with high temperature walls and, accordingly, air, sleep is much worse.

The optimal temperature indicator in the nursery also depends on the age of the baby. For infants, the norm indicated in GOST should be maintained - 24 degrees. As the child matures, the temperature should gradually drop to the lower limit of normal and then gradually return to normal for an ordinary living room.

In the bathroom, the temperature of the walls and air largely depends on the frequency of use of the room. In such a room, the humidity is constantly high, so it may seem that it is damp and cold in there, although this is not the case. The situation is much the same with the kitchen. Depending on the amount of equipment used and the frequency of cooking, the temperature should be varied. The more often they cook in the kitchen, the more low temperature should be supported there (from the oven, stove and other equipment, the air and walls will still heat up). If the kitchen is not actively used, it is better to keep the temperature there closer to the upper limit of normal.

Normally, the wall temperature in a corner apartment should be 2 degrees higher than that specified in GOST 51617-2000. Some utilities are guided by the indicators specified in GOST 30494-96, but it is less informative and it does not mention the temperature of the walls in the corner apartment.

In living rooms during the cold seasons, the temperature should not fall below 22 degrees, in non-residential rooms - below 21 degrees. For northern regions minimum temperature, respectively, more. For residential premises, its indicator should not be less than 23 degrees.

Freezing walls in the apartment - permissible temperature

The temperature limit at which the walls of the building begin to freeze directly depends on the thickness of the walls, the state of ventilation, windows and design features as a whole. The location of housing also has an impact. Freezing of the wall in the apartment The permissible temperature for each room is indicated in SNiP 23-02-2033 "Thermal protection of buildings".

Calculation allowable temperature before the freezing of the walls in the apartment is quite difficult. The average temperature limit is 20 degrees Celsius.

Measurement of the temperature of the walls in the apartment

At home and without a professional device, it is almost impossible to measure the temperature of the walls in an apartment. For measurement, use infrared thermometer. How to measure the temperature of the walls in the apartment using this device? It's simple: the infrared beam emitted by the thermometer is directed to desired wall. An indicator will be displayed on the instrument dial. This will be the temperature of the wall in the apartment.

After you have measured the temperature of the walls in the apartment, you need to compare the results with the standards. However, it must be taken into account that the results may not be completely reliable.

Ideally, you should order the measurement of the temperature of the walls in the apartment from specialists who have official permissions and approvals for this. In addition, they have more accurate equipment, which will affect the measurement results. Professionals also help to issue the necessary documents confirming the temperature of the walls, with which you can then go to court. On average, the cost of such a procedure in Moscow, St. Petersburg and the regions Russian Federation is 1 thousand rubles.

How to file a complaint about the low temperature of the walls in the apartment?

If, after measuring the temperature of the walls in the apartment, it turned out that it does not meet the standards established by the state, you can safely file a complaint. To do this, you must contact the maintenance department or the organization that services the residential building and inform them about the violation of the temperature regime. Please note: at the time of communication, an employee of the structure must provide his position and last name.

After submitting the application, a commission will be drawn up, which will include a representative of the heating network and an employee of the repair and maintenance department. During a visit to the premises, specialists will have to independently measure the temperature and draw up an act. This act will be documentary evidence that the space heating service is provided to the tenant of the apartment in an improper way.

After that, employees of the heating network and the repair and maintenance department will find out for what reasons the temperature drops below the established norm. Then, depending on the results, there will be repair work aimed at eliminating insufficient heat supply. After all necessary work employees of the relevant authorities will conduct a secondary inspection of the premises and issue a second act to the tenant. The document will confirm that the temperature of the walls and the air in the room complies with the standards and this is confirmed by repeated instrumental measurements.

If utility workers refuse to somehow contribute to the normalization of the temperature in the room, you can contact the social protection authorities for consumer rights or the prosecutor's office. In such cases, more thorough investigations are carried out and public utilities are punished. There are more red tape, but a successful result is almost 100% guaranteed.

Conclusion

The norm of the temperature of the walls in the apartment depends on the specific region of the apartment (regular or corner) and the season. In the warm season, the temperature should be 22-25 degrees. For cold seasons normal temperature from 19 to 24 degrees. The specific rate depends on the room. It should be warmest in children's and living rooms.

If a person has doubts that the temperature of the walls in the apartment does not meet the established standards, you can independently measure the temperature indicator using an infrared thermometer or order a temperature measurement from specialists. If the fears are confirmed and the temperature in the living room turns out to be inappropriate, you should contact the appropriate municipal authority and demand the elimination of the lack of heat supply.

The t in the dwelling is influenced by:

Climate.
Seasons.
Individual features of housing.

Normal temperatures may vary in different areas. For example, in the southern and northern regions, in the eastern and western regions, its numbers differ.

Due to the alternation of the seasons, the microclimate also changes. AT summer period The temperature rises and falls significantly in winter.

Features of housing planning also affect the maintenance comfortable living. For example, in a corner apartment, the degree of warmth is slightly lower.

The human factor is also involved in creating temperature features. Each person has his own concept of heat and coolness. Women are naturally thermophilic, they need a slightly higher temperature than men. Young children do not know how to independently maintain their bodies; it is easy to both overheat and overcool them, which negatively affects their health.

Norms

The regulation of the temperature norm is carried out in accordance with the GOSTR and the rules of the organization providing utilities.

Comfortable consider t from 20 to 25 ° C.
During the cold season 19 - 22 C.
In the heat 22 - 25 C.

Temperature regime different rooms:

Bedroom 17-18°C. In such conditions, the body rests and recovers.
Kitchen 18-19°С. Saturated with heat-radiating electrical appliances, high t is not required.
Bath 24-26°C. Due to high humidity, dampness and discomfort occur. Requires t higher than other rooms.
Children's 23-24°С. Babies need more high degree heat, because they poorly regulate their heat transfer.
Others 18-22°С.

Do not create sudden changes in heat between rooms, no more than 2°.

Heating season

In the Government Decree No. 354 of 05/06/2011, the heating period is clearly indicated. Based on this decision, heat enters our homes with a steady decrease in temperature. environment less than eight degrees for eight days.

On the sixth day, we may not wait for the due service if:

Preliminary preparation of heat supply networks has not been made. Usually, all repair work is carried out in the summer.
Accident. From a sudden breakdown, preventive measures can be powerless. Many factors, such as severe winter frosts or huge summer heat, contribute to the rapid deterioration of communications.

The norm is designed for apartments with centralized heat supply. Having individual heating you can not wait for the start of the season, but regulate the temperature in the house yourself.

The beginning of the heating season does not have a fixed date in our country. Depends on natural factors. Severe cold can come in early autumn or its middle.

The approximate start date for heat delivery is the end of September and mid-October.

What temperature should be in a corner apartment

The temperature in the corner apartment should be two degrees higher than in others and is 20 degrees, the base is 18. To maintain the set figure, in a cooler corner apartment, an additional battery is introduced into the project even before construction.

Optimal t mode:

Bedroom 20–22.
Children's 20-25.
Kitchen 19–21.
Bath 24–26.
Others 20–22.

Permissible t mode:

Bedroom 18–24.
Children's 20–24.
Kitchen 18–26.
Bath 18–26.
Others 18–24.

What temperature should be in the batteries

The temperature in our batteries is constantly changing, mainly it depends on weather changes, but it never exceeds 90 degrees, this is enough to maintain comfortable conditions even in big frosts. The main radiator of the corresponding brand with the necessary heat transfer.

Usually, throughout the year, water is heated to 50-70 degrees, in summer it is supplied to a tap marked “for hot”, and in winter to the heating system.

The easiest way to measure:

Place the thermometer in the container.
Fill hot water from the tap.

Deviation is allowed only upwards of 4 degrees.

Other measurement methods:

Put the thermometer on the battery, add one to two degrees to the resulting figure.
Buy an infrared thermometer, a little more expensive, but it measures with an accuracy of 0.5 degrees.
Connect an electrical appliance equipped with the “measure temperature” function to the battery using a thermocouple wire. Record indicators.

Device for constant thermometry:

Choose the most appropriate place on the radiator.
Put the most common alcohol thermometer.
Fix for thermal insulation with foam rubber.

Fast, inexpensive, convenient and the temperature is regularly monitored.

Important. If the temperature does not meet the specified norm, file a complaint with the housing and communal services. The arriving commission will determine the temperature of the water in the heating system. They are required to act in relation to paragraph 4 in the "Methods of control" GOST 3049-96. Measuring device has a quality certificate, registration and verification. The error in its work is not more than 0.1 degrees.

Troubleshooting

Heating problems are immediately visible. Cold and constant dampness, the appearance of fungus on the walls. About any comfortable for human body living and speech can not be.

Main signs of problems:

The radiator has a small leak.
Uneven heating, when using equipment "warm floor".
Bubbling and noise in pipes.
Uneven heat distribution across floors.
Different degree of warmth of radiators of different rooms of the same apartment.
Poorly functioning system as a whole.

Barely warm batteries- most main feature your problems.

Reasons for the situation:

Wrong design.
Wrong hardware installed.
Unauthorized connections.
Not quality installation systems.
The presence of air in the pipes.
Violations during the installation of radiators.
Pipe wear.
Lack of tight connections.

Troubleshooting step by step guide

Entrust the design only to experienced professionals who will take into account all the features of housing:
- Layout.
- The volume of the heated area.
- Possible heat loss.
Install equipment according to the project. Pick up suitable friend friend cranes, pipes, sections at the present time is very simple.
In order not to unbalance the system, do not change the radiators yourself. It is necessary to take permission for this type of work and invite an experienced specialist.
Water does not circulate well due to improper welding polypropylene pipe, inside the diameter has decreased. The executor must eliminate his defects free of charge.
To prevent air locks, install special automatic air vents. They independently release the system, preventing the accumulation of air.
To avoid problems with the radiator, hang it on strong brackets, prevent sagging and warping. At a distance of 10 centimeters from the floor and 2-3 from the wall.
A leak in a pipe in an accessible place can be repaired independently. Wrap with soft rubber and secure with wire for reliability. If the breakdown is hidden in the wall or floor, you will have to use the services of a specialist.
rust and lime scale reduce the patency of pipes, to prevent such complications, introduce water softening substances into the system.

Important! Do not wait for the start of the heating season, inspect all pipes and radiators in your apartment in advance.

Do not save on equipment, repairing a flooded apartment of neighbors will cost more.

Not all plastic pipes are suitable for heating installation; they can melt or burst from hot water.

Recalculation of payment for heating

If the temperature in the apartment does not meet the specified standards, you must submit your requirements in writing to the housing and communal services. Within two days, a special commission, after inspecting the housing and measuring the temperature in the batteries, will confirm the violation.

With a temperature regime in rooms of 14 degrees Celsius, citizens have the right not to pay for this utility service. And the relevant organizations are required to recalculate, guided by Appendix 1 of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 23, 2006 No. 307 “On the procedure for providing utilities citizens."

Recalculation is made in such cases:

The daily temperature of the living room is less than +18, for the corner room +20.
The frost is -30, and the heating norms have not been increased to +20 and +22, respectively.
The total shutdown time during the month is above 24 hours. It should be noted that the interruption of the heat supply must be fixed. You can't prove anything without papers.
One-time shutdown at external t -12 more than 16 hours.

You must also apply for recalculation:

In the event of a radiator failure.
Formation of a subsidy.
With the poor quality of the services offered.

Recalculation will be denied if:

Heat loss detected. There is no insulation of walls, windows, doors.
The risers are filled with air.
Reduced heat output from radiators.

Recalculation is possible during the year once. Before starting the procedure, carefully weigh the pros and cons. The process is lengthy and requires a lot of paperwork. Careful preparation is needed.

What temperature should be in the apartment in winter?

Interest in the temperature in a living room appears when people begin to feel uncomfortable.

The issue of comfort is not an idle one, because if the fact of a shortage of heat is confirmed, homeowners will be able to pay their heating bills in full, and utilities will receive an additional incentive to fix the problem faster.

Ordinary angry calls to the housing and communal services will not achieve anything - verbal complaints have no power. You need to act competently and diplomatically, you need to know exactly what the temperature is in the apartment during the heating season, take measurements correctly and know where to go and how. In all the subtleties of heating, as well as hot water supply and air exchange, the article will devote further.

With the advent of the first cold snap, chilled residents apartment buildings I'm interested in the question: when does the heating season start? The answer will depend only on the weather outside the window.

There are certain rules, following which utilities supply heat to apartments:

In autumn, temperature measurements are taken for 10 days. And if the whole period was less than +8, it's time to turn on the heating.
In case of temperature fluctuations, when one day can be + 2 °, and after a couple of days + 10 ° - heating is not supplied.
In spring, the decision to stop the heating season is made on the basis of a five-day interval when the temperature was above +8 °C.

Also, do not panic if it turns out that your friends' house is already getting warmer, and your batteries are still cold. According to the law, public utilities have ten days to supply heating to all high-rise buildings.

The temperature in the apartment in winter, the norm according to the law

The norms of SNiP are the constitution for utilities. Violation of the standards that are prescribed there may result in administrative or even criminal liability for farm workers.

Air in the rooms. The range of temperatures that can legally be kept in our apartments, and be considered acceptable, is quite wide:

For residential premises, the permissible minimum is +18 ° C. During the five-day period, when the thermometers fall below -31 ° C, the norm will be +20 ° C. (Night or day, it doesn't matter.)
Minimum value +20 °Cv corner apartments. In a cold five-day period (below -31 ° С) +22 ° C.
The kitchen must also be heated to at least +18 °C.
The bathroom is warmer than the whole house + 25 °C.
Separate toilet +18°С.
Lobby, stairwells and pantry, if any, +15 °C.
Lift +5 °C.

Overheating, or excessive heat that is supplied to apartments, is also not desirable. This leads not only to the fact that people are forced to open windows and languish in the heat, but also steals their funds. After all, even if the consumer released heat to the street by opening the window, he will be obliged to pay for it, since payment is made for cubic meters.

Batteries. What should be the temperature of the batteries in the apartment? There are standards for the coolant in radiators (regulated in 2003).

The norms for supplying water to the batteries depend on the conditions on the street and are valid only with the lower connection of the radiator pipes:

At t outside air + 5 ° - in the supply should be + 50 ° C, and in the return 39 ° С.
Outside the window 0 ° - in the supply + 65 ° C, in the return 48 ° C.
Outside the window -5 ° - in the supply + 78 ° C, in the return 56 ° C.

If t in batteries is lower than the established threshold by 3 °C during the day and by 5 °C at night, then recalculation of the payment must also be made.

With one-pipe heating system the norm of the coolant temperature is always slightly higher than in a two-pipe.

Hot water. In the cold period, an important factor is how hot the water is, really hot. According to the law, its temperature should be +60 - 75 ° С . Not only the feeling of comfort is important here, because if the water does not reach 65 ° C, bacteria can live and multiply in it, which pose a danger to human health. Hot water doesn't go that far quality processing, as cold, precisely because it is supposed to be heated to 65 °.

Underheating also affects the finances of the owners. After all, the fee is charged based on the consumption at a certain temperature, but if the water is even slightly below the norm, residents have to increase its consumption and pay more.

To measure t of hot water, a container is installed in the bathroom or sink, an alcohol thermometer is placed in it and running hot water is started.

The measurement process takes 10 minutes.

If during this time the temperature does not reach - this is a reason for the trial.

By the way, it may turn out that the heating plant is not to blame for the undercooling of hot water. Sometimes a decrease in temperature in the taps is caused by the illegal installation of underfloor heating by one of the owners in the riser.

Most cities have hotline emergency service, the dispatcher of which will help to contact the heating networks, management company etc.

Air exchange rate

If in summer air exchange rates are a matter of fresh air and health, then in winter excessive air exchange can lead to large heat losses and hit the owner's wallet.

In a residential area with an area of more than 20 m 2, 30 m 3 per hour is relied on for 1 person permanently staying inside.
In rooms less than 20 m 2 - 20 m 3 per person.
In a kitchen equipped electric stove this is 60 m 3, gas stove- 90 m 3 / hour.

Few people have the opportunity to independently measure the air exchange rate. There are several techniques. To take readings, a device called the “Air Door” is used. The device is located in any opening (window or door). The fan in the system pumps air and produces digital results with high accuracy.

Air exchange scheme

A technique for measuring the flow rate on the final filters with a hot-wire anemometer is also used. Based on the speed and area of the filters, it is calculated volume flow air. Such measurements can be influenced by many factors, so it cannot be called ideal.

Another way is when the entire volume of outgoing air is collected in a special casing - a balometer.

You can order the measurement of the air exchange rate in special laboratories and expert bureaus. The cost of the service will be 7 - 10 thousand rubles. – depends on the region and equipment.

On average, a comfortable temperature for living is considered to be a range from 18 to 25 degrees Celsius, but these are conditional values. determined by legal regulations.