Roof waterproofing is the basis of comfort, warmth and coziness in the house, but only subject to compliance with building codes. Roof waterproofing materials Waterproofing and roofing materials

A typical picture of the past from books: autumn, rain, dripping from the roof ... Strange situation, isn't it? But how could it be otherwise, if the roofs, until relatively recently, were waterproofed exclusively with parchment and short-lived roofing felt. If at all they used anything but raw wood. But today, materials for roof waterproofing are so different and in such a large number of types that it is difficult to understand them.

Should I buy a rolled membrane for my own bathhouse under construction, or is it better to put an ordinary film, or is it even better to do something new and unusual? But with this we will now help you figure it out: what and for what roofs is being produced today.

Today, in Russia, waterproofing of roofs in private housing construction is carried out more with waterproofing films or membranes, and in industrial construction - with rolled materials or liquid substances. But there are no strict rules here, and each of the methods has its pros and cons, which we will now consider.

Why are waterproofing materials needed?

So, is it worth saying that none of the dense roofing can 100% protect the space under the roof from moisture? And it's all about the joints that any material has. And also fit to the walls, the output of pipes and much more. Take the same self-tapping screws and a mount similar to them, which is quite rarely mounted completely tightly and in accordance with all the rules.

Now let's look at the problem from the other side. In every residential building there is water vapor that comes from the breath of people, a hot iron, a pot of food. And all this, according to the laws of physics, of course, rises. As a result, whether there is a heater in the roofing pie or not, the steam still gets to the very roofing cladding. You can only save yourself from this with a good vapor barrier, but when installing the so-called cold roof, on the contrary, they do not put it. And all this, plus the natural humidity of the air above the insulation from the side of the street, will surely settle in the form of condensate.

Those. in addition to moisture that enters from the outside, condensate also penetrates into the under-roof space. This is a physical phenomenon that we have known since school: if the temperature regime in the closed under-roof space and outside differs significantly, then the moisture in the air settles in the form of drops. Scientifically, this process is called the formation of a "dew point". And only competent waterproofing and a ventilation system can completely get rid of this phenomenon, which will help water vapor particles to evaporate even before condensation forms.

In a word, there is a way for moisture to get into the under-roof space. And our task is not to let it go beyond waterproofing, so that the roof itself will serve us faithfully for as long as possible.

The choice of waterproofing material for the roof depends on the following parameters:

1. Economy
2. Practicality
3. maintainability
4. Safety
5. Environmental friendliness
6. Toxicity
7. The complexity of the work

The ideal option is when you install both waterproofing, insulation, and vapor barrier from one manufacturer.

Flat roof waterproofing

Separately, we note the methods of waterproofing roofs, which are almost flat - the angle of inclination does not exceed 5%. These are standard roofs of apartment buildings and private outbuildings. Waterproofing of such surfaces is usually carried out with the help of bulk, coating, sprayed and built-up materials.

Fused waterproofing

The built-up waterproofing is overlapped, and then melted with the help of burners. A fairly cheap way to completely protect a roof, but working with complex seam sealing and open flames is not the most pleasant.

Until recently, roofing material and glassine were used as under-roofing insulation, the functionality and durability of which are in doubt. But flammability - without a doubt. But today rolled roofing materials are used in two types: polymeric and bituminous. Polymeric ones are distinguished by a lower price of coating and relative lightness.

Rolled waterproofing materials can be used on flat roofs, or roofs with a slight slope. And a new modification of roofing material - euroroofing material is actively gaining its popularity. This material is made from bitumen, polymeric materials and synthetic rubbers. For comparison: in an ordinary roofing material, the basis is cardboard, but in euroroofing material - already synthetic fabrics, which is much stronger, you see. And in order to make the euroroofing material more durable, it is additionally applied with a multi-colored dressing of mineral chips.

Sprayable waterproofing

Coating, pouring and sprayed waterproofing materials create an integral inseparable membrane on the roof, with excellent qualities and practicality. But for such waterproofing, special equipment is required.

Powder insulation is also popular - these are mixtures based on synthetic resins, cement, plasticizers and hardeners. Such mixtures are sold dry, and you need to knead them already on the job site.

More modern liquid waterproofing - water repellents. These are mixtures based on silicic acids, silicones and organic solvents. The main task of such waterproofing is to soak into the concrete surface and thus provide complete protection against leaks. Such material completely repels water, but at the same time - you will be surprised! - still breathing. The only disadvantage of such waterproofing is that after a couple of years the top layer washes out its important elements and is already beginning to be "afraid" of water. That is why such waterproofing is more actively used today for vertical roof surfaces of complex construction.

Coating waterproofing

Modern bituminous waterproofing of flat roofs is no less popular than more innovative solutions. Significant advantages play a role here: reliability, plasticity, strength, softness and absolute resistance to temperature extremes and any precipitation. Bitumen-polymer and bituminous materials for waterproofing roofs are good primarily because they create a multi-layer structure with a strong synthetic base - fiberglass or polyester fabric.

Basically, bituminous materials are divided into two main types:

• SBS-modified materials with Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene. This waterproofing remarkably tolerates the change of seasons and low temperatures.
• APP modified materials with APP polymers. This waterproofing has high heat resistance.

For snowy Russia, of course, the first option is more preferable.

Special mastics are made from bitumen for waterproofing roofs - plastic waterproofing materials. To do this, liquid bitumen is simply mixed with polymers and mineral fillers. This is bitumen-rubber mastic, and bitumen-polymer, and primer, and bitumen-emulsion. And these mastics are cold and hot. We recommend that you work with the first type, because. hot materials require specialists. Not to mention the restrictions. For example, bitumen-based waterproofing materials cannot be used under metal tiles.

Mounted waterproofing

Sometimes, in special cases, and on a flat roof, you have to try on ordinary film waterproofing:

Waterproofing pitched roofs

When choosing a waterproofing material for the roof of your house, pay attention to how much it “breathes”. Yes, waterproofing should not let water into the under-roof space, but should air? But some modern mastics and primers can completely block the flow of oxygen and disrupt the natural air circulation in your home.

And all these modern waterproofing materials differ from each other in frost resistance, strength, water resistance and durability.

• According to their physical state, all waterproofing materials are usually divided into roll, powder, film, mastic and membrane.
• According to the method of application: on pasting, cast, plaster, painting, injection, mounted, penetrating, impregnating and filling.

Roll waterproofing

Rolled non-woven waterproofing materials are most suitable for moisture protection of roofs of private buildings.

Unlike roofing material and glassine, the service life of which does not exceed 5 years, modern roofing hydromaterials serve from 30 to 100 years.

Fused waterproofing

This is a modern rolled membrane, which is attached to the slopes with the help of "hot spots".

Film waterproofing

Films, as the lightest and most practical material at the same time, will not lose their popularity among roofers soon. In total there are three main groups: polyethylene films, polypropylene and modern membranes.

We will talk about membranes later. But the polyethylene roofing film is a waterproofing coating made of polyethylene fibers and reinforced with fabric or a special mesh. Often, beginners in the construction business make such an unfortunate mistake: they believe that film waterproofing can be completely replaced with ordinary wooden flooring. Someone does that. And at this stage, many people have the following question: “So, film or wood flooring?”. In fact, we are talking about two completely different materials in the construction of the roof. The main task of the film is maximum waterproofing, in simple terms, simply the removal of rain and melt water from the roofing pie. But wooden flooring is done more often in order to create a rigid base for soft roofing material, such as shingles.

Some films also have high frost resistance. Thus, Silver 100 microperforated reinforced film is able to completely replace roofing felt in roofing work. Moreover, unlike roofing material, it does not stick together, and weighs much less, and it also allows condensation to pass through, and now the tree will not become limp.

"Smart" roofing membranes

Membranes are a new generation of waterproofing materials for roofs, combining many of the positive qualities of previous types.

Almost all modern membranes can be called "breathable". This is such a waterproofing that completely and completely protects the under-roof space from the penetration of atmospheric moisture, but at the same time remains almost transparent for water vapor to escape from the inside.

Modern membranes are mostly composed of non-woven synthetic fibers. Due to their special unique properties, it is possible to completely abandon the installation of a ventilation gap under the roofing cladding material. But this is saving up to 50% of space! It is much more rational to fill it with the same insulation. That is why, when converting a cold attic into a residential attic, it is the membrane that is traditionally used as waterproofing.

Perforated membranes

Polyethylene films are also divided into perforated and non-perforated. The former are intended for waterproofing, the latter for vapor barrier.

Perforated membranes are special combined fabrics and reinforced films through which water vapor escapes through punctured holes (that's why they are called perforated). Their vapor permeability is quite low, only up to 40 g / m2. They are intended for waterproofing cold roofs, and in insulated roofs they can only be fixed with two-way ventilation. But in frosty weather, the steam that settles on the inside of such membranes becomes drizzle and clogs all small holes, thereby reducing the vapor permeability of the material to almost zero. The only way out is to leave the ridge open during installation so that the film does not reach the top of the rafters by 10 cm:

Porous membranes have an innovative filter structure. This is a set of interfiber pores through which water vapor easily passes. Over time, this property of waterproofing decreases, because. pores get clogged from dirty city air.

When constructing warm roofs, it is necessary to use not just a vapor-waterproofing film, but a vapor-permeable membrane:

But with one or two ventilation products, you need to install such membranes, read on their packaging - each manufacturer has its own requirements.

Universal membranes

There are also universal membranes with anti-condensation properties. One side of them is smooth, the second is rough, which is installed to water vapor. But smooth - to possible water leaks. Such membranes can be used both as an internal vapor barrier and as an under-roof waterproofing:

Anti-condensation membranes protect the roofing pie from both water and steam. This is the best material for euroslate and metal tiles.

Multilayer membranes

Modern roofing membranes are available in one, two or three layers. Using a single layer membrane on roofs is a mistake. So the condensate will not be able to come out, and therefore the insulation will become wet and lose its properties. For example, mineral wool crumbles and settles in the cold, thus forming new cold bridges.

Three-layer superdiffusion membranes are considered to be the most practical today. They are made from several layers in which there are no holes anymore, and they do not clog over time. These membranes have 100% wind protection.

But two-layer film membranes are a cheaper variety of three-layer ones. In these, one of the protective substrates is missing, which significantly reduces their reliability. They serve for a long time, but are easily torn during installation.

For example, the Delta FOXX roofing membrane already has a two-layer structure. The bottom layer is non-woven polyester, and the top layer is a dispersion water-repellent and vapor-permeable coating. This material has one of the highest vapor permeability (Sd=0.02 m), and non-woven polyester as a base gives more strength and elasticity. This is the kind of film that is not afraid of the sharp edges of the lathing boards, and quite steadfastly endures all roofing work and the feet of workers.

Diffuse or breathable membranes

As we have already said, diffuse membranes have many small holes through which steam and condensate pass. That is why they cannot be pressed too tightly against the thermal insulation - the holes will overlap, and the membranes will simply cease to perform their functions.

Only modern super-diffuse membranes can be laid right next to the heat-insulating layer. These insulating coatings have a much higher coefficient of vapor and waterproofing, and therefore the lower ventilated gaps are not critical for them.

Have you figured out which waterproofing is still best for your roof? It's time to start building!

Roof waterproofing

In a professional environment, the concepts of roof and roof have completely different meanings. The roof is the upper enclosing structure that perceives the wind and snow load and protects the building from atmospheric precipitation, sharp fluctuations in outside temperature. But the element that protects the building from the penetration of atmospheric precipitation is called the roof. Both in the segment of low-rise construction and in industrial and civil construction, similar requirements are imposed on roofs. They must be strong and durable.

To ensure reliable roof waterproofing, there are many proven, high-quality materials that differ in installation method, operating rules and areas of application. TECHNONICOL roofing materials are distinguished by consistently high quality, manufacturability in the process of application and long service life.

In the segment of industrial and civil construction, bitumen-polymer materials and PVC membranes are most in demand, and coatings made of mastic are also popular. In low-rise construction, in addition to roll materials, piece materials are actively used on pitched roofs. One of the most popular in terms of durability, reliability and aesthetics is a flexible tile.

The use of new generation materials for roof waterproofing guarantees strength, reliability and long service life of the roof. In some cases, the warranty period is up to 60 years. Depending on the type of roof, its laying can be carried out on various bases: wooden, metal, concrete.

mastic roofing

Mastic roofs allow you to mount a homogeneous coating, without seams. Such a composition is applied in layers, and does not require special preparation before starting work. Mastic has good adhesion to concrete, various metals, as well as bituminous materials.

Cold applied mastics contain a solvent, and therefore the application of such compositions must be done in a thin layer. Otherwise, the top coat of the applied composition will harden, thus clogging the inner layers, from which the solvent will begin to evaporate over time. The layer thickness must be in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Laying subsequent layers is possible only after the previous ones have completely dried. Any light-colored cloth or glove can be used as a control. It is enough to apply it to the treated surface. If there are no marks on the fabric, then you can start applying a new layer.

Some types of mastics involve the application of additional UV protection, which is mandatory indicated in the instructions for use. For this purpose, sprinkles, for example, from slate, are suitable. They are applied to the surface treated with mastic before it dries. As an alternative, a protective mastic with aluminum pigment can be used.

The use of mastic for waterproofing various roofs is justified both for residential buildings and for industrial buildings. It becomes especially relevant when a lot of different building structures (stretch marks for antennas, supports for equipment) are carried through the roof.

Bitumen-polymer roll materials

TECHNONICOL offers a wide range of modern roofing and waterproofing rolled bituminous materials produced on the basis of fiberglass, fiberglass, polyester.

Polyester is elastic, chemically inert, well impregnated with a bitumen-polymer composition, in percentage terms, the relative elongation of a material sample with a polyester base reaches 30-60%. For these reasons, bitumen-polymer material with a polyester base is used in almost any solution.

Fiberglass is considered the most durable base, but the fiberglass base is well impregnated with a bitumen-polymer binder, but less resistant to tearing.

The undoubted advantage of bitumen-polymer materials is their strength and vandal resistance. The thickness of the waterproofing carpet with bituminous materials on a flat roof ranges from 5 to 8.2 mm. As you know, the thicker the coating, the more difficult it is to damage.

Important advantages of bitumen-polymer membranes include biostability, high heat resistance, resistance to frost and ultraviolet (due to the use of durable slate dressing on the top layer of the waterproofing carpet), which is important in the harsh Russian winter in the north and hot summer in the south.

Currently, the range of TECHNONICOL bitumen-polymer materials has been expanded with a line of self-adhesive materials intended for work in the field of ASG and low-rise construction. For their installation, it is enough to remove the anti-adhesive film from the self-adhesive bitumen-polymer layer and attach the material to the surface. Such materials are perfect in cases where the use of open fire is not possible, for example, when mounting on a wooden base. In addition, the self-adhesive base greatly simplifies the installation itself, as it does not require special skills and additional equipment.

Polymer membranes

Polymeric membranes are a modern roof covering, which is made from high-quality polyvinyl chloride with the addition of modern additives and plasticizers. PVC membranes have the highest combustibility group G1 for polymers at a thickness of 1.2 mm and group G2 at a higher thickness. An exception among TECHNONICOL PVC membranes is LOGICROOF V-RP 1.5 mm. She passed the tests by two methods and received the highest class Broof (t1), Broof (t2), Broof (t3).

The installation of polymer membranes is carried out in a fireproof way - the sheets are welded with hot air, without the use of open flame, using special automatic equipment. This reduces the influence of the human factor, and also ensures 100% reliability of welds. Membranes are used on a wide variety of roofs of any shape and design, and color solutions allow you to highlight the roof and create a unique pattern or logo that will be noticeable from a bird's eye view.

Flexible roof tiles

Flexible tile is a popular material in the low-rise construction segment. Each shingle is based on a heavy-duty fiberglass coated on both sides with a bituminous binder. The top dressing made of natural stone provides durability, resistance to mechanical stress and ultraviolet radiation. The unique formulation of bitumen, which is part of the flexible tile, allows the tile shingles to sinter, forming a homogeneous joint on the roof, which ensures absolute tightness. Flexible tiles are silent and do not spread flames, in addition, colored stone granules retain color fastness throughout their entire service life.

The aesthetics of flexible tiles can be singled out as a separate line. The TECHNONICOL assortment includes 14 collections in 70 colors and 8 cut shapes. Such a variety of shapes and colors allows you to implement any architectural solution and preserve the bright appearance of the object for the entire period of operation.

Waterproofing materials from TECHNONICOL

Roofing mastics:

MASTIC №21 TECHNONICOL TECHNOMAST

MASTIC №31 TECHNONICOL

MASTIC №33 TECHNONICOL (SPRAYED)

MASTIC №57 TECHNONICOL

Bitumen-polymer roll materials for roofing:

TECHNOEALAST

TECHNOELAST THERMO

TECHNOELAST FIX

TECHNOELAST TITANIUM

TECHNOELAST DECOR

TECHNOELAST VENT

TECHNOELAST SOLO RP1

TECHNOELAST C

TECHNOELAST GREEN

TECHNOELAST PRIME

TECHNOELAST FLAME STOP

UNIFLEX

UNIFLEX EXPRESS

UNIFLEX VENT

UNIFLEX S

ECOFLEX

BICROELAST

LINOCROM

STEKLOIZOL

Self-adhesive waterproofing of a flat roof TECHNONICOL

Roll tiles TECHNONICOL

MINI Roll tile TECHNONICOL

Roofing PVC membranes:

LOGICROOF V-RP FR

LOGICROOF V-RP ARCTIC

LOGICROOF V-GR FLEECE BACK

ECOPLAST V-RP SIBERIA

Flexible tile:

Multilayer tile TECHNONICOL SHINGLAS, ATLANTIC series

Multilayer tile TECHNONICOL SHINGLAS, CONTINENT collection

Multilayer tile TECHNONICOL SHINGLAS, WESTERN collection

Multilayer tile TECHNONICOL SHINGLAS, JAZZ collection

Multilayer tile TECHNONICOL SHINGLAS, COUNTRY collection

Multilayer tile TECHNONICOL SHINGLAS, RANCH collection

Flexible tile TECHNONICOL, CLASSIC series

Flexible tile TECHNONICOL, ULTRA series

Flexible tile TECHNONICOL, series FINNISH TILE

Composite tiles:

Composite tile TECHNONICOL LUXARD Classic

Composite tile TECHNONICOL LUXARD Roman

Materials for roof waterproofing amaze with the widest choice and variety. How not to get into trouble? Only after carefully studying the characteristics and weighing the advantages and disadvantages of all materials. If only two types of film can be found on the local construction market, it is not necessary to buy them. Perhaps such waterproofing will not work or even harm the roofing cake!

Types of roof waterproofing materials

Conventionally, all waterproofing can be divided either by scope or by application method. In the latter case, there are:

Roof waterproofing can be used for:

• insulated or non-insulated roof;
• metal and non-metal roofing.

Uninsulated roofs with a slope of 45 degrees can be left without waterproofing at all - it is easier to control the condition of the crate and the presence of leaks.

If the angle of inclination is small, it is better to lay the waterproofing, protecting the attic from condensation and blowing snow into the joints between the roof elements. In this case, any waterproofing material is suitable - from film to roofing material. But it is better to choose a wear-resistant material, otherwise the waterproofing will literally crumble in a few years.

They retain moisture and gradually evaporate it, without forming drops of water on their surface. Of course, any waterproofing cannot replace high-quality roofing and serves only as an auxiliary element.

Roll waterproofing - for pitched roofs of any design

Roll materials for the most part are quite easy to lay with your own hands, therefore they are most popular. These include polymer films and membranes.

Waterproofing films

Cheap and easy to use material. It is laid on the rafters with a slight sag of 1-2 cm between spans to remove moisture. When used on a cold roof, only one ventilation gap is required - between the film and the roofing. If there is a heater in the cake, it is necessary to have an additional ventilation gap between it and the film.

Thus, saving on cheap material turns out to be doubtful, because you have to make a double gap, and this is both financial and labor costs.

Such a gap is made simply - on top of the waterproofing on the rafters, bars of a counter-lattice 3-5 cm high are nailed along. They also fix the film. If the insulation lies flush with the rafters, the same bars are nailed under the waterproofing. Anti-condensation films, despite their manufacturability, also require two ventilation gaps 5 cm high.

Superdiffusion membranes

Modern and optimal choice. Such membranes are laid close to the insulation, but also require a ventilation gap between them and the roof.

They can be mounted both on a sparse and on a solid crate and even on an old roof without dismantling. Like a film, the membrane is rolled out horizontally and begins to be laid from below - from the eaves to the ridge.

It is very important not to forget that when fixing the rolled waterproofing with a stapler, all puncture points must be glued. Otherwise, films and membranes cease to be waterproofing due to the loss of integrity. Metallized tape in this regard is somewhat worse than butyl rubber, as it begins to peel off over time.

EPDM membranes - waterproofing or roofing?

It has high strength, does not require additional protection, therefore it can be considered a roofing material, although it is subject to mechanical stress.

Installed in several ways:

• on special glue over the entire surface;
• with the help of ballast, which presses the membrane to the roof (gravel, pebbles);
• special anchors in places of overlap.

Fused waterproofing – an economical solution for flat roofs

Despite the relative complexity of laying, the price of installing welded waterproofing is relatively low. In addition, equipment can be rented and made by yourself. Distinguish materials:

1. Based:

• fiberglass (marked with the first letter X);
• fiberglass (T);
• polyester (E).

With outer and inner sides:

• fusible film (second and third letters P);
• protective dressing - only the outer side (second letter K).

fiberglass

Because of this, the rolls must be transported carefully, and the waterproofing itself is short-lived. But it is suitable for protecting garages or other outbuildings, where the quality of the material is not so important, but the price will become a significant criterion.

If two-layer waterproofing is planned, fiberglass-based rolls can be laid as the bottom layer, which will save a lot. This option is also suitable for residential buildings.

fiberglass

But there is practically no elasticity, which is why, when the roof is deformed, the waterproofing based on fiberglass simply peels off. But it does not tear, as it would happen with fiberglass.

Polyester

Tensile strength - 725N, elasticity up to 50%. Fused waterproofing on such a basis is not afraid of poor-quality transportation, it can be laid even by a non-specialist, as it forgives small flaws. The best option for a private house, as the roof will last a long time.

Coating waterproofing

Easy to use and relatively inexpensive material. Suitable for concrete floors, as well as for processing wooden elements in a roof structure with a metal roof.

Bitumen-based mastics

There are heated mastics and ready-to-use cold ones. It is better to choose materials with rubber that are resistant to ultraviolet radiation - then the flat roof will not need to be additionally covered. The main scope of application is the roofs of industrial buildings with large areas.

Liquid rubber

One-component formulations are suitable for manual application. They can be applied evenly with a simple long-handled roller, which is only suitable for flat roofs. But two-component compositions applied by a special airless spray apparatus can be used on any roofs of complex structures.

With the help of liquid rubber, it is possible to carry out not only waterproofing, but also repair of the roof - the surface is covered with a layer of 4 mm, durable, resistant to stretching and ultraviolet radiation.

Injection and penetrating waterproofing

Specific types of waterproofing that can solve serious problems with leaks. Injection materials will help close large cracks and cold joints, and impregnation will clog small pores, preventing moisture from penetrating. These types of waterproofing are used for concrete, brick or limestone structures.
You need to choose waterproofing not only by type, but also pay attention to the manufacturer. After all, often the declared characteristics do not correspond to reality. A very indicative comparison of films and membranes from different manufacturers is presented in the video:

When erecting a new construction site or renovating an old building, it is necessary to pay close attention to the moisture insulation of the roof. It is she who, first of all, is at risk, since she takes on all atmospheric loads.

If the roof is not sufficiently protected from external precipitation and condensate, increased humidity will remain in the room, and this entails the formation of mold and fungus. Against the background of leaks, the interior decoration of the building will quickly become unusable.

All these problems can be avoided by carrying out high-quality waterproofing of the roof in time. It is especially important to protect a flat roof from moisture, which has almost no slope for water flow.

According to their design features, flat roofs are divided into:

• Cold (roofing lies on the frame without insulation);
• Ventilated (with grooves for moisture removal);
• Closed insulated (with insulation, but without ventilation holes in the base plates);
• Monolithic (from foam or aerated concrete blocks that do not need insulation);
• Inversion (structures in which there is a heater, protected from below by roofing material, and from above covered with screenings, turf, concrete and other materials);
• Operated (they can accommodate various infrastructure facilities such as sports grounds, courts, swimming pools).

For all varieties of flat roofs, a good solution is to arrange a drainage system consisting of gutters and catchment funnels.

It is also recommended to create the necessary slope during the installation process. This technological technique is carried out in several ways using inert materials, cement-sand mixtures, additional layers of insulation, specialized systems. The slope will solve the problem of water accumulation, however, the main protection of the roof lies in the insulation device.

Flat roof waterproofing methods

When choosing waterproofing, you need to proceed from the design of the floor, the intended purpose of the roof, its area and other factors. To date, the most popular insulating materials are:

Pasting the roof with a built-up coating is a long-known, traditional way of protecting against water. The main component that provides adhesion to the insulated surface is bitumen. The process of applying the material is accompanied by heating the contact surface to the melting point, which explains its name.

Until recently, roofing material was the most popular material among the welded materials, but due to the short service life and a large number of shortcomings, it is currently used less frequently.

Among modern materials, free from most of the shortcomings and providing better waterproofing, we can note:

To create a reliable waterproofing layer, knowledge of modern types of materials is not enough. Even one of them that costs more may be ineffective if the laying technology is violated.

Before starting work, it is important to understand that the main disadvantages of any welded roll material are the presence of seams, a low coefficient of stretching and not one hundred percent adhesion to the surface to be treated.

When laying built-up waterproofing, it is important to follow these recommendations:

• prepare the surface with high quality, clean it from dust, oil and treat it with a bituminous primer for better adhesion;
• lay the material sheets in several layers with the location of each subsequent layer above the joints of the previous one;
• maintain the optimum heating temperature of the bituminous base. Insufficient heating is the main cause of poor adhesion, overheating leads to burnout of the insulating sheet;
• carry out the deposition of the material on a completely dry surface, otherwise corrosion processes may continue under the waterproofing layer;
• take into account the rate and percentage of shrinkage of the structure when using welded waterproofing;
• carry out insulation work at a positive temperature, in view of the fragility of the frozen material of this type.

This material is advisable to use for roofs of complex construction: multilayer, insulated, with a hidden drainage system or operated, where great importance is attached to environmental and fire safety.

It is recommended to use it when insulating the roof with fibrous or inert materials (such as expanded clay), reinforced with concrete screed. The emulsion is sprayed either before or after the insulation, insulating it with a film coating.

Liquid rubber is an elastic mixture of latex and bitumen, which is applied to the surface by cold spraying and creates a durable homogeneous membrane. It reliably protects the roof from leaks at temperatures from -50°C to +80°C, without requiring restoration.

The cover adheres tightly to the base and does not let moisture in. The material provides maximum moisture protection of the internal space and is currently considered the most popular. The only downside is its high cost. At the same time, waterproofing with liquid rubber lasts up to 50 years and, of course, pays for itself.

Usage example: TN-ROOF Light system for a non-operated roof without thermal insulation on a concrete base.

Installation conditions: when installing a new and reconstructing an old roof without insulation, when installing a cold attic, during a major overhaul of the roof with the replacement of all layers of insulation.

Algorithm:

1. Technoelast EPP, STO 72746455-3.1.11-2015
2. Technoelast EKP, STO 72746455-3.1.11-2015
3. Reinforced cement-sand screed with a thickness of at least 50 mm

Advantages:

According to the conclusion of the FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, the roof structure has a fire hazard class of K0 (45) and, depending on the parameters of the reinforced concrete slab, the fire resistance limit is REI 30 - REI 90, which allows the system to be used as coatings in buildings and structures of any degree of fire resistance and with any class of constructive fire hazard.

Regardless of the brand of material, the process of installing liquid waterproofing looks like this:

• The surface to be insulated is cleaned of debris, degreased and dried with a propane burner;
• If there are chips and cracks in the monolith, they are sealed with concrete mortar, and the protruding elements and reinforcement are removed;
• Using pneumatic equipment, liquid rubber is sprayed with a layer of 3-4 mm, starting from the corner. First of all, seams, areas with elevation changes, as well as brick or concrete fences along the perimeter of the roof are processed. Any protruding elements (rain outlets, chimney and ventilation pipes, fasteners) are covered with a sealed film and treated with liquid rubber 15 cm above the roof surface. After spraying the waterproofing, the excess film is cut along the contour and removed. The sections of transitions on the main surface of the roof are also treated with a spade up to 15 cm - this will help to avoid the formation of seams on the membrane.

Like liquid rubber, this type of waterproofing is characterized by durability, frost resistance and a high coefficient of elasticity. For a roof of a large area, this will be the best solution, since the membrane is available in rolls of solid width.

With this material, you can economically cover the roof of any configuration, minimizing the number of seams. PVC membrane is ideal for a simple flat roof with a slight slope - it is this design that is most popular today, because it is cheaper than a pitched one and provides additional space for organizing utility and infrastructure facilities.

The undeniable advantages of membranes include:

• simplicity and efficiency of installation;
• light weight rolls;
• environmental safety, the presence of a fire certificate.

The peculiarity of laying is that this rolled material does not need to be completely glued to the surface, like rolled welded insulation. Membrane sheets are lined with rows with a slight overlap, and the joints are heated by a burner and reliably soldered.

Usage example: built-up waterproofing of the operated roof for pedestrian loading.

Installation conditions: for the efficient and aesthetic use of the roof as an additional resting place, during major repairs or reconstruction with the replacement of all layers of insulation.

Algorithm:

1. Bipol EPP, STO 72746455-3.1.13-2015
2. Extruded polystyrene foam TECHNONICOL CARBON PROF, STO 72746455-3.3.1-2012
3. Sloping layer of expanded clay gravel
4. Reinforced cement-sand screed 50 mm thick
5. Bituminous primer TECHNONICOL No. 01, TU 5775-011-17925162-2003
6. Technoelast EPP in two layers, STO 72746455-3.1.11-2015
7. Drainage membrane PLANTER geo, STO 72746455-3.4.2-2014
8. Leveling layer (gravel with a fraction of 5-10 mm)
9. paving slabs

Advantages:

This solution contains all the best latest materials and technologies. The vapor barrier material Bipol EPP reliably protects the roofing pie from moisture. Heat-insulating extruded polystyrene foam T.N. Carbon Prof has ultimate compressive strength and low water absorption. The PLANTER geo profiled membrane not only helps to quickly remove moisture from under the coating, but also protects the waterproofing carpet from mechanical damage. A leveling layer of gravel laid with zero slope ensures a comfortable stay on this type of roof.

In the TN-ROOF Standard Pavement system, it is also allowed to lay tiles on a layer of gravel using a cement-sand mortar or a dry cement-sand mixture, and the finish coating can be paving slabs of any modification, used in the improvement of residential areas and characterized by high frost resistance and durability to foot traffic.