The most multi-storey building. The largest building in the world by area and height
Availability modern technologies and building materials provides architects around the planet with the opportunity to constantly create bold designs for the tallest buildings in the world and translate them into reality. As a result, every year different countries there are not only thousands of ordinary buildings, but hundreds of skyscrapers. Some of them are typical, while others are so unique and recognizable that they bear the title of real architectural masterpieces. This article further presents a ranking of the 10 tallest buildings in the world in ascending order, taking into account the spiers and masts on their roofs.
"Nanjing Greenland"
This building is also known as the Zifeng Tower, and it is located in the Chinese city of Nanjing. It consists of 89 floors and has a height of 450 meters. The commissioning of this skyscraper took place in 2010. Now the skyscraper, which is built in the shape of a triangle, has a mixed purpose. In particular, the lower floors house various shops and restaurants, while the upper floors are used as offices. The observation deck at level 72 offers a beautiful view of the local surroundings and the Yangtze River. Three conceptual positions have become characteristic of the project - the aforementioned Chinese river, landscaped gardens and motifs of local mythology (dragons with iconography on the columns).
Petronas Towers
In the ninth position of the ranking "The tallest building in the world" is the symbol of Kuala Lumpur (the capital of Malaysia) - "Twin Towers". Active participation in their design was taken by the then prime minister of the state, Mahathir Mohamad. It was he who came up with the idea of building them in the Islamic style, and more specifically, in the form of eight-pointed stars. Both skyscrapers were built in 1998, consist of 88 floors and have a height of 451.9 meters. Inside they have meeting rooms, art galleries and offices. The cost of the project reached 800 million US dollars. Interesting feature is that the structures were erected on soft ground, therefore, to strengthen it, piles about 100 meters deep were driven into the ground. Such a foundation is the most powerful on the planet to this day. A covered walkway has been constructed between the towers, one of the important purposes of which is fire safety.
International Commerce Center in Hong Kong
The height of this building - 484 m. It consists of 118 floors, was put into operation in the city of Kowloon in 2010. Mostly it houses offices, shops and shopping centers. The top seventeen floors are occupied by a five-star hotel with a huge swimming pool on the last floor. It was originally planned to build a 102-storey building with a height of 574 meters, but due to the ban on building buildings higher than the surrounding mountains, the project was revised.
Shanghai World Financial Center
This representative of the "World's Tallest Building" rating was built in 2008. The World Financial Center in Shanghai has a height of 492 meters and consists of 101 floors. The skyscraper boasts several prizes and awards at once as the best high-rise building in 2008 and the owner of the highest observation deck on the planet. The structure passed the seismic stability test and is able to withstand an earthquake with a power of up to seven points. Moreover, even at the design stage, the architects provided for three options for saving people during a fire. On every twelfth floor, there is a protected area where you can hide from a fire or wait for rescuers.
"Taipei 101"
On the sixth position in the list is a skyscraper from Taipei - the capital of Taiwan. The building consists of 101 floors, and its height is 508 meters. Built in 2004, the skyscraper harmoniously combines ancient Chinese architecture and modern traditions postmodernism. Between the 87th and 91st floors, a giant pendulum ball weighing 660 tons is installed, which significantly reduces the likelihood of collapse in the event of an earthquake or hurricane. The structure, which is predominantly made of steel, aluminum and glass, is supported by 380 pillars made of concrete and extending underground to a depth of 80 meters.
CTF Finance Center
This skyscraper is located in the Chinese city of Guangzhou. It is also known as the International Financial Center. The skyscraper was built in the style of modernism, and was officially opened in 2010. As of today, it belongs to the category of "the tallest buildings under construction in the world", since work on its construction is still ongoing. According to the plans of the architects, they should be completed in 2016. Then it will be a whole complex consisting of two towers. completed height, western structure, consisting of 103 floors, is now 441 meters. The complex also includes a building on 28 floors, which is connected to the existing tower through a 4-storey common basement. The impact on the building of air currents is practically reduced to zero due to its streamlined shape.
Freedom Tower
Located in the American city of New York, the Freedom Tower is a skyscraper with a height of 541.3 meters. It should be noted that this is the tallest building in the world that is used exclusively for offices. Moreover, it is the largest skyscraper in the entire Western Hemisphere. The Freedom Tower has become the main building in the new World Trade Center, erected to replace the complex destroyed by the terrorist attack in 2001. The building itself has a roof height of 417 meters, and the remaining 124 meters fall on a 758-ton spire mounted on it. From the outside, it is lined with glass with a bluish tint, so it looks very beautiful.
Royal clock tower
The representative closes the top three in the top of the tallest buildings in the world Saudi Arabia. The building is located in the world-famous city of Mecca and rises to 601 meters. It consists of 102 floors and was officially opened in 2012. The skyscraper is the largest on the planet in terms of building volume and boasts the highest clock on Earth. The mosque with the main Islamic shrine (Kaaba) is right across the road. The Royal Clock Tower has a hotel that proudly bears the title of the highest in the world. At the same time, it can accommodate about 100 thousand people.
shanghai tower
In second place in the ranking "The tallest building in the world" is over tall building called Shanghai Tower, the construction of which is currently being completed in the Chinese city of the same name. According to the project, its height will be 632 meters, and the number of floors will be 128. The cost of its implementation, according to preliminary estimates, will be 4.2 billion US dollars. It is expected that its official commissioning will take place in 2015, despite the fact that construction work started in 1993. The frame itself has already been erected, and now only finishing work is underway. The skyscraper is multifunctional and consists of nine separate vertical zones. The finish is made of durable glass, which provides not only protection from external weather conditions people, but also natural ventilation.
"Burj Khalifa"
The rating of the tallest buildings in the world is confidently headed by the Burj Khalifa, a skyscraper from the city of Dubai (UAE). Its peak is at an altitude of 828 meters. The building was erected in 2010 and consists of 136 floors. In its shape, it resembles a stalagmite. Initially, the facility was planned as a city within a city, with its own lawns, parks and boulevards. There are three separate entrances to the skyscraper. Starting from floors 1 to 39, there are offices and the Armani Hotel. This is not surprising, since the design of the hotel was developed personally by Giorgio Armani. On the site from level 44 to 108, the architects built 900 apartments, and from 111 to 154 they equipped office space. There is an observation deck on the 124th floor.
Without a doubt, located in the city of Dubai, the tallest building in the world strikes the human imagination. Be that as it may, many skyscrapers and dozens of skyscrapers appear on our planet every year. Many of them are still at the stage of construction may well be considered as potential competitors to the representatives of the above rating. A clear evidence of this is the fact that some of them are already considered real architectural masterpieces and are recognizable all over the planet. Zhongnan Center (China), Lotte World Tower (South Korea) and World Tower (Mumbai) are considered the most iconic objects that can already be safely included in the list of "The tallest buildings in the world of the future".
The first of the mentioned structures, according to the project, should have a height of 730 meters and consist of 138 floors. If all work is completed on schedule, then in 2020 it will officially open. After that, the building will become the tallest in China. The project is estimated at $4.2 billion.
It is expected that the height of the skyscraper Lotte World Tower in Seoul will reach 556 meters. Its construction should be completed in 2016. The architects plan to place offices, shops and a hotel inside.
As for the World Tower, the building should receive its first visitors as early as next year. highest structure now in Mumbai - the Imperial Tower - this building will surpass almost twice. In addition to shopping centers and offices, it is planned to build about three hundred luxury apartments here, the cost of which will start at $1.5 million.
, there are other criteria. Let's talk about them.|
To have something to compare When it comes to talking about large areas, they are often compared to a football field. This is convenient, but not always accurate, as it often forgets to indicate what size field is meant. We will not measure the buildings in our selection of football fields, but to make it easier for you to imagine their scale, we indicate here that the world's main football organization FIFA recommends that matches be played on a 7,140 sq. m (i.e. 0.714 ha) and 105 × 68 m in size. Here we will give two other landmarks: Red Square in Moscow has an area of approximately 2.5 hectares (approximately 330 × 75 m), and Palace Square in St. Petersburg - 5.4 hectares. Recall: in one hectare - 10,000 square meters. |
By volume
Here the undisputed leader is the plant of the company Boeing in Everett, pc. Washington (USA). Its volume is 13,385,378 cubic meters. m, and the area - 399,480 sq. m (number three in the world in terms of base area). This giant is almost a kilometer long, 500 meters wide and c five-story house(to fit more than 20-meter keels of airliners and still have room) was built in 1966-1968, when Boeing started producing Boeing 747. Even today they collect the most large aircraft companies, and at the same time many pieces. Up to 30 thousand people work at the plant under the light of one million lamps.
“This building is so large that clouds gather under the roof and from them it's raining", - say on the Internet. It's a myth that the building is well ventilated, and despite Washington State's humid and cool climate, advanced modern airliners assemble in dry and fairly comfortable conditions.
Number two in the world in terms of volume is the Al-Haram Mosque in Mecca: almost half that in volume, about 8 million cubic meters. But number three (5.6 million cubic meters) is also an aircraft plant, and it belongs to the main competitor Boeing, companies Airbus. At the factory named after Jean-Luc Lagardaire in Toulouse (France) they assemble the largest airliner in the world - A380.
Al-Haram Mosque can hold up to 4 million people during Hajj
Worthy of special mention Aereum- a hangar built in the mid-1990s by a German company Cargolifter AG 50 km south of Berlin for the construction of airships. This dome, 360 × 210 meters in size and up to 107 m high (it will easily fit St. Basil's Cathedral from Red Square - with all the turrets, domes and basement, and there will still be room) covers the world's largest undivided space - a volume of 5.2 million cubic meters. Business Cargolifter AG didn’t go, so in 2004 a year-round tropical theme park was opened here with groves, ponds and waterfalls. It is called Tropical Island Resort.
The park is open around the clock - you can stay there even for the night
By area on a piece of land
Here we are talking about exactly how much land the building occupies. According to this indicator, number one - Bloemenveiling Aalsmeer, a building in the Dutch city of Aalsmeer, where a flower auction is held every morning from Monday to Friday. Millions of flowers from all over the world are brought annually to this 700 x 750 m structure with an area (on the surface) of half a million square meters, most resembling a warehouse about two stories high. Here they are sold, bought and immediately set off again, since the Amsterdam airport is nearby and the seaports are nearby.
About 20 million flowers pass through this building every day.
Number two - with a slight lag - the automaker's factory Tesla in Fremont, pcs. California: about 427 thousand square meters m. In general, among the largest buildings in terms of area on the surface there are a lot of logistics centers and warehouses. The top ten largest facilities in the world by this indicator, in addition to those mentioned, also include logistics centers Michelin, Nike and John Deere(all in USA). This is logical: products that are ready to be shipped around the world are easiest to place just in such long and flat spaces.
By total floor space
Unlike the previous paragraph, this takes into account the area of \u200b\u200ball the premises of the structure. And Asia is the leader here: the largest building in the world by this indicator is located in China, in the city of Chengdu. This is the Global Center New Age» with an area of about 1.76 million sq. m. For comparison: the total area of the premises of the Aviapark shopping center, one of the largest in Moscow, is about 460 thousand square meters. m. The length of the "New Age" is 500 meters, the width is 400 meters, the height is 100 meters, and inside, in addition to cinema and hotel shops, there are also offices, a contemporary art center and a water park with an artificial beach (giant screens depict sunrises and sunsets) .
The cyclopean complex in the new area of Chengdu was built in three years - from 2010 to 2013
The main competitors of such complexes around the world are airports. So, number two in terms of total area of premises is the terminal of the 3rd Dubai International Airport in the UAE with an indicator of 1.71 million square meters. m. It was built with the expectation of serving up to 43 million people (this is more than the entire Sheremetyevo Airport in 2017), despite the fact that only two airlines use the terminal - the local Emirates and Australian Qantas. Another top ten (in sixth position) is Beijing Capital Airport Terminal 3 (also known as Beijing Capital). It is noteworthy that the leader in the previous category - the flower auction building in Aalsmeer - entered the top five in this one too: the usable area of the building is almost twice as large as the area on the surface - 990,000 thousand square meters. m.
Special categories
Speaking of the largest buildings and structures in the world, one cannot but mention a few more. Let's say - the largest structure ever built on the planet, stretching for 9 thousand kilometers through China (its total length - with all branches - is even more: 21 thousand kilometers).
The tallest building on the planet today is the 828-meter Burj Khalifa in Dubai (UAE).
Apparently, the Burj Khalifa skyscraper does not have long to carry the honorary title of the tallest building in the world: in 2020, in the same emirate of Dubai, it is planned to open a building 100 meters higher. And if everything goes according to plan, then at the other end of the Arabian Peninsula, in Jeddah (Saudi Arabia) in the same year, a tower with a height of 1004 meters will be completed
The heaviest building in the world - to readers Palace of the Parliament in Bucharest (Romania). It weighs over 4 billion kilograms. It was laid in 1984 by order of the dictator Ceausescu in the center of Bucharest, destroying a significant part of the historical buildings of the city and even tearing down the hill, and it took more than ten years to build. Today it houses, in addition to the Romanian Parliament, a museum of modern art, several government agencies. At the same time, the building is only 70% full and, apparently, will never be used in full.
Photo: Maurice King / en.wikipedia.org, julhandiarso / Getty Images, Tropical Islands Resort / en.wikipedia.org, Visions Of Our Land / Getty Images, Sino Images / Getty Images, Momentaryawe.com / Getty Images
Human nature cannot be changed, people have always tried to surpass their own achievements and set new records in absolutely any field of their activity.
So in architecture, in an attempt to conquer the limits of height, people erect the tallest buildings in the world. With the development of technology, the invention of modern composite materials and the creation of fundamentally new building designs, only in the last 25 years has it become possible to build the highest buildings on the planet, the sight of which is simply breathtaking!
In this rating, we will talk about the 15 tallest buildings in the world that you should definitely see.
15. International Financial Center - Hong Kong. Height 415 meters
The Hong Kong International Financial Center was completed in 2003. The building is completely commercial, there are no hotels and residential apartments, but only offices of various companies.
The 88-story skyscraper is the sixth tallest building in China and is one of the few buildings with double-deck elevators.
14. Jin Mao Tower - China, Shanghai. Height 421 meters
The official opening ceremony of the Jin Mao Tower in Shanghai took place in 1999, the construction cost was more than 550 million dollars. Most of the premises of the building are office buildings, there are also shopping centers, restaurants, nightclubs and an observation deck that offers a gorgeous view of Shanghai.
More than 30 floors of the building are rented by the largest Grand Hyatt hotel, and the prices here are quite affordable for tourists with an average income, a room can be rented for $ 200 per night.
13. Trump International Hotel and Tower - Chicago, USA. Height 423 meters
The Trump Tower was completed in 2009 at a cost of $847 million to the owner. The building has 92 floors, of which boutiques and various shops are occupied from the 3rd to the 12th floor, a chic spa is located on the 14th floor, and an elite Sixteen restaurant is located on the 16th floor. From the 17th to the 21st floors is occupied by the hotel, above are penthouses and private residential apartments.
12. Guangzhou International Financial Center – China, Guangzhou. Height - 437 meters
This tallest skyscraper was built in 2010 and has 103 floors, is western part Guangzhou Twin Towers complex. The construction of the eastern skyscraper should be completed in 2016.
The building cost $280 million to build, and most of the building is occupied by office space, up to the 70th floor. From the 70th to the 98th floor, the five-star Four Seasons Hotel is occupied, and cafes, restaurants and an observation deck are located on the upper floors. There is a helipad on the 103rd floor.
11. KK 100 - Shenzhen, China. Height 442 meters.
Skyscraper KK 100, also known as Kingki 100, was erected in 2011 and is located in the city of Shenzhen. This multifunctional building was built in the style of modernism and most of the premises in it are for office purposes.
The 23 floors of this one of the tallest buildings in the world is occupied by a six-star premium business hotel "St. Regis Hotel", there are also several chic restaurants, beautiful garden and the first IMAX theater built in Asia.
10. Willis - Tower - Chicago, USA. Height 443 meters
The Willis Tower, formerly known as the Sears Tower, rises to a height of 443 meters and is the only building in this ranking built before 1998. Construction of the skyscraper began in 1970 and was fully completed in 1973. The cost of the project was over $150 million at the prices of the time.
After the completion of construction, the Willis Tower firmly took the status of the tallest building in the world for as much as 25 years. On the this moment, in the list of tallest buildings, the skyscraper is on the 10th line of the list.
9. Zifeng Tower - Nanjing, China. Height 450 meters
The construction of the 89-story skyscraper began in 2005 and was completed in 2009. This building is multifunctional, it contains office space, restaurants, cafes and a hotel. There is an observation deck on the top floor. Also, 54 cargo lifts and passenger lifts were built in Zifeng Tower.
8. Petronas Towers - Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Height 451.9 meters
From 1998 to 2004, the Petronas Twin Towers were considered the tallest buildings in the world. The construction of the towers was financed by the Petronas oil company, and the project cost was more than $800 million. Now the premises of buildings are rented by many large corporations - Reuters, Microsoft Corporation, Aveva and others. There are also elite shopping establishments, an art gallery, an aquarium and a science center.
The design of the building itself is unique; there are no more skyscrapers in the world built using the technology of the Petronas towers. Most high-rise buildings are made of steel and glass, but for Malaysia, the cost of high-quality steel was very high and engineers had to find another way to solve the problem.
As a result, high-tech and elastic concrete was developed, from which the towers were built. Specialists carefully monitored the quality of the material and once, during planned measurements, they discovered the slightest error in the quality of concrete. The builders had to completely dismantle one floor of the building and build it on a new one.
7. International Commerce Center, Hong Kong. Height 484 meters
This 118-storey skyscraper rises to 484 meters. After 8 years of construction, the building was completed in 2010 and is currently the tallest building in Hong Kong and the fourth tallest building in China.
The top floors of the skyscraper are occupied by the five-star Ritz-Carlton Hotel, located at an altitude of 425 meters, which makes it the tallest hotel on the planet. The building also features the world's tallest swimming pool, located on the 118th floor.
6. Shanghai World Financial Center. Height 492 meters
Built for $1.2 billion, the Shanghai World Financial Center is a multifunctional skyscraper that houses office space, a museum, a hotel, and a multi-storey car park. The construction of the center was completed in 2008, and at that time the building was considered the second tallest building in the world.
The skyscraper has been tested for seismic resistance and is able to withstand tremors up to 7 points on the Richter scale. Also in the building is the highest observation deck in the world, located at a height of 472 meters above the ground.
5. Taipei 101 - Taipei, Taiwan Height 509.2 meters
The official operation of the Taipei 101 skyscraper began on December 31, 2003, and this building is the most stable and unaffected by natural disasters structure ever created by man. The tower is able to withstand wind gusts up to 60 m/s (216 km/h) and the strongest earthquakes that occur in this region every 2,500 years.
The skyscraper has 101 ground floors and five floors underground. On the first four floors there are various retail outlets, a prestigious fitness center is located on the 5th and 6th floors, various office premises are occupied from 7 to 84, restaurants and cafes are rented from 85-86.
The building holds several records: the fastest elevator in the world, capable of delivering visitors from the fifth floor to 89, to the observation deck in just 39 seconds (elevator speed 16.83 m / s), the world's largest countdown board, which turns on New Year and the tallest sundial in the world.
4. World Trade Center - New York, USA. Height 541 meters
The construction of the World Trade Center, or as it is also called the Freedom Towers, was fully completed in 2013. The building stands on the site of the World Trade Center.
This 104-story skyscraper is the tallest building in the United States and the fourth tallest building in the world. The cost of construction amounted to a fabulous 3.9 billion dollars.
3. Hotel "Royal Clock Tower" - Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Height 601 meters
The grand structure of the "Royal Clock Tower" is part of the complex of buildings Abraj Al-Beit, built in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The construction of the complex lasted for 8 years and was fully completed in 2012. During construction, there were two major fires, in which, by a lucky chance, no one was injured.
The "Royal Clock Tower" can be seen from a distance of 20 km, and its clock is considered the highest in the world.
2. Shanghai Tower - Shanghai, China. Height 632 meters
This skyscraper is the tallest in Asia and is the second tallest building in the world. The construction of the Shanghai Tower began in 2008 and was fully completed in 2015. The cost of the skyscraper was more than 4.2 billion dollars.
1. Burj Khalifa - Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Height 828 meters
The tallest building in the world is the monumental skyscraper Burj Khalifa, rising to a height of 828 meters. Construction of the building began in 2004 and was fully completed in 2010. Burj Khalifa has 163 floors, most of which are occupied by office space, hotels and restaurants, several floors are reserved for residential apartments, the cost of which is simply incredible - from $ 40,000 per sq. meter!
The cost of the project cost the developer, Emaar, $1.5 billion, which paid off literally in the first year after the official commissioning of the building. The observation deck is especially popular in the Burj Khalifa, and in order to get to it, tickets are bought in advance, a few days before the visit.
Kingdom Tower
In the hot sands of the Arabian desert, the construction of the largest and most grandiose building in the history of mankind began. We have not included this building in our rating, as it will take a long time before its completion. This is the future Kingdom Tower, which will rise to a height of 1007 meters, and will be 200 meters higher than the Burj Khalifa.
From the highest floor of the building, it will be possible to view the area at a distance of 140 km. The construction of the tower will be very difficult, due to the huge height of the skyscraper, at the most high floors construction materials will be delivered by helicopters. The initial cost of the facility will be $20 billion
In a previous article, we discussed the tallest skyscrapers in Russia. Unfortunately, now none of the skyscrapers erected in the country is among the ten tallest buildings in the world. Therefore, until the completion of the construction of the Lakhta Center (hello to the commentators of the previous article), we will talk about skyscrapers in the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, China, the USA, Malaysia, Hong Kong and Taiwan.
willis tower
The oldest of the ten tallest skyscrapers in the world today was built in 1974 in Chicago. Its height is 442 meters without the spire, with the spire - 527 meters. In the Russian-language Wikipedia, the Willis Tower ranks 11th, but this is somewhat incorrect: the Lakhta Center, which has already been ranked 8th in the ranking, will be completed in 2018.Just think: in forty years, only nine skyscrapers in the world have surpassed the 108-story Willis Tower in Chicago, and in the United States, only the Freedom Tower, opened in 2014, beat this result.
The skyscraper was designed by the architectural bureau Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, which later erected both the Freedom Tower and the tallest building at the moment, the Burj Khalifa in Dubai. The building was originally called the Sears Tower, and the Willis name was given in 2009. The foundation of the Willis Tower rests on concrete piles driven into hard rock. The frame consists of nine square "tubes" forming one large square at the base. Each such "pipe" consists of 20 vertical beams and many horizontal ones. All nine "pipes" are welded up to the 50th floor, then seven pipes go up to 66, five remain to the 90th floor, and the remaining two "pipes" rise another 20 floors. What exactly it looks like is clear from a 1971 photograph.
The worker stands on the spire of the tower.
Willis Tower is on the right in this photo, with two spiers.
Zifeng Tower
In Chinese Nanjing, until the middle of the 19th century, there was a Porcelain Pagoda, a Buddhist temple 78 meters high. Travelers described it as one of the wonders of the world. It was replaced by the Zifeng skyscraper.The construction of the 450-meter Zifeng high-rise building was completed in 2009. It is the business center of the city. It houses offices, shops, shopping centers, restaurants and an observatory. In total - 89 floors.
Work on the construction of the tower lasted only four years. In the process, the project was changed: the tower could have a height of 300 meters. For China, where the population density is extremely high, the efficient use of land is essential. The triangular site for construction was used to the maximum: the skyscraper has a triangular base.
The idea of the architects was to interweave the motifs of Chinese dragons, the Yangtze River and green gardens. The river is the vertical and horizontal seams separating the glass surfaces. These surfaces themselves, according to architectural thought, are a reference to dancing dragons. Vegetation and pools were placed inside the building.
View of the city from the spire on a skyscraper.
petronas towers
In the capital of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, in 1998, skyscrapers were erected called the Petronas Towers. The height of the two 88-storey skyscrapers is 451 meters, including the spire.The skyscraper was built in the "Islamic" style, each building is an eight-pointed star with semicircular ledges for stability. The construction site was changed after geological surveys. Initially, one skyscraper was supposed to stand on limestone, the other on rock, so one of the buildings could sag. The site was moved 60 meters. The foundation of the towers is currently the deepest concrete foundation: the piles are driven 100 meters into the soft ground.
Construction was complicated important condition: only domestically produced materials could be used. Especially for the building, they developed durable elastic concrete, reinforced with quartz and comparable in strength to steel. The mass of the skyscraper turned out to be twice that of similar steel buildings.
The bridge between the twin towers is fixed with ball bearings. Rigid fastening is impossible, as the towers sway.
The elevators in the building are two-story models designed by Otis. One cabin stops only on odd floors, the second - on even ones. This allowed to save space inside the skyscrapers.
International Commerce Center
The 118 floors of the Hong Kong International Commerce Center house offices, a hotel and shopping malls. The height of the building is 484 meters. It was originally planned to build a skyscraper with a height of 574 meters, but the project was changed due to a ban on the construction of buildings higher than Mount Victoria.Construction was completed in 2010, but there was no official opening: tenants were already using the building with might and main. From floors 102 to 118, it is the highest above ground hotel operated by the Ritz-Carlton. On the last, 118th floor, there is the highest swimming pool in the world.
The building can withstand earthquakes up to seven points, has fire-protected floors. After the attack on the Twin Towers in New York, the design of the building was finalized so that it could withstand a direct hit by an aircraft.
Due to its silhouette, the skyscraper got the name "opener". The trapezoidal hole at the top should have been spherical, but Chinese government forced to change the project so that the building does not resemble the rising sun on the flag of Japan. Such changes made it possible to reduce the cost and simplify the design. This was the plan for the upper part of the building:
Here is the result:
Taipei 101
Taiwan's capital, Taipei, boasts a skyscraper over half a kilometer tall. Together with the spire, Taipei 101 is 509.2 meters tall and has 101 floors.Taipei 101 for some time was also distinguished by the fastest elevators in the world: they rise at a speed of more than 60 kilometers per hour, or 16.83 meters per second. From the fifth to the eighty-ninth floor, people rise in 39 seconds. Now the new record belongs to the Shanghai Tower.
On the 87th and 88th floors there is a 660-ton steel pendulum ball. This architectural solution was made not only to decorate the interior. The pendulum allows the building to compensate for gusts of wind. A strong, but not rigid steel frame can withstand the strongest earthquakes. These solutions, together with a foundation of piles one and a half meters in diameter, driven 80 meters into the ground, made the building one of the safest in the world. On March 31, 2002, a 6.8 magnitude earthquake destroyed two cranes on the building and killed five people. The tower itself was not damaged. But there is a theory that it was the skyscraper that activated the seismic activity.
Freedom Tower
World Trade Center 1 in Manhattan, New York, overtook its pursuer in the face of Taipei 101 by 32 meters on the spire, although if you count the distance from the ground to the roof, the American Freedom Tower, on the contrary, loses to the Taiwanese tower by 37 meters. The height of the World Trade Center 1 is 541.3 meters along the spire and 417 meters along the roof.The building stands on the site that was occupied by the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, which were destroyed as a result of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. When designing WTC1, the experience of the past was taken into account, and the lower 57 meters were made using concrete instead of the standard steel structure.
The building officially opened on November 3, 2014. It is occupied by offices trading platforms, restaurants and City Television Alliance.
Royal clock tower
In Mecca, Saudi Arabia, in 2012, a complex of high-rise buildings of the Tower of the House was built opposite the entrance to the al-Haram mosque, where the main shrine of Islam, the Kaaba, is located. The tallest building in the complex is the Royal Clock Tower Hotel with a height of 601 meters. It is designed to accommodate up to one hundred thousand pilgrims from the five million people who visit Mecca every year. The Royal Clock Tower is the third tallest building in the world.On the tower at a height of 400 meters there are four dials with a diameter of 43 meters. They are visible from any part of the city. This is the highest altitude clock in the world at the moment.
The length of the spire at the top of the hotel is 45 meters. The spire has 160 loudspeakers for the call to prayer. The 107-ton crescent at the very top of the building has several rooms, one of which is a prayer room.
The tower has 21,000 flashing lights and 2.2 million LEDs.
shanghai tower
The second tallest skyscraper is located in China. This is the Shanghai Tower, a building with a height of 632 meters, adjacent to another skyscraper from the list - the Shanghai World Financial Center. Offices, shopping and entertainment centers, and a hotel were placed on 130 floors.The elevators in the building were developed by Mitsubishi Electric. Their speed is 18 meters per second, or 69 kilometers per hour. At the moment, these are the fastest elevators in the world. There are three such elevators in the building, four more two-story elevators develop a speed of 10 meters per second.
beautiful view you should not expect from the windows of a skyscraper. The building has double walls and a second shell designed to keep the temperature in.
The tower has a twisted design, which adds stability to fight the wind.
This view shows a spiral trough for collecting rainwater used for heating and air conditioning.
Burj Khalifa
Opened in 2010 in Dubai, UAE, the Burj Khalifa tower overtook all existing skyscrapers and is still the leader in height.The tower was designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, the architects behind the Willis Tower and 1 World Trade Center we talked about earlier. The construction of the Dubai Tower was carried out by Samsung, which also participated in the construction of the Petronas Towers. There are 57 elevators in the building, you need to use them with transfers - only one service elevator can go up to the last floor.
The tower houses the Armani Hotel, which was designed by Giorgio Armani himself, apartments, offices, shopping centers, fitness centers and observation decks with jacuzzis. Indian billionaire B.R. Shetty purchased two floors in their entirety, including the 100th floor, at a cost of over US$12 million each.
As with the Petronas Towers, the world's tallest skyscraper has its own special kind of concrete. It can withstand temperatures up to 48 degrees Celsius. During construction, concrete was laid at night, adding ice to the solution. The builders did not have the opportunity to fix the foundation in the rocky soil, and they used two hundred piles 45 meters long and 1.5 meters in diameter.
If the Shanghai Tower has a gutter for collecting rainwater, then in the case of the Burj Khalifa tower, this approach is not needed: there is little rainfall in the desert. Instead, the building has a condensate collection system that collects up to 40 million liters of water per year for watering plants.
During the filming of Mission: Impossible: Ghost Protocol, Tom Cruise decided to climb the tower to write Katie Holmes's name on it and get a great shot.
Planned buildings
At the moment, there are only two building projects that can take the first line in the ranking of the tallest skyscrapers in the world.At 828 meters high, the Burj Khalifa doesn't seem as impressive compared to the Dubai Creek Harbor Tower project. Its height on the roof will be 928 meters - that is, it will already beat the current record by 100 meters. And the height along the spire will completely exceed one kilometer - it will reach 1014 meters. But this is not certain - the parameters of the building are kept secret. Like the Eiffel Tower, the Dubai Creek Harbor Tower will be open for World Expo 2020 if all goes according to plan. The foundation was laid on October 10, 2016. Add tags
Modern construction technologies today allow large companies to build real works of art - we will talk about those that rush to the sky as much as possible. Their striking height fascinates, and frightens someone: the ten highest architectural achievements of the world are in front of you!
10. International Commerce Center
Its total height is 484 meters. In the original project, it was supposed to be almost a hundred meters more, but in China it is officially forbidden to build skyscrapers higher than those located near mountains, so the architects limited themselves to this figure. The last 17 floors of the building are occupied by a luxurious five-star hotel, which is the tallest hotel in the world - another record.
9. World Financial Center
Following the list of the highest buildings, the skyscraper again from China, located in Shanghai, replenishes. It rises to 492 m. For its unusual, characteristic shape, the locals called the building "opener". It is noteworthy that in the original project, the window in the upper part of the building had a round shape, but this idea was not supported by the residents of the city, including the mayor, due to the similarity of the symbol with the circle-sun on the flag of Japan. So the International Financial Center got a window in the shape of a trapezoid.
8. Taipei 101
The famous tower in Taiwan has a height of 509 m from the base to the tip of the spire. Taipei has been operating since the end of 2003; today it houses numerous offices and shops. The skyscraper is famous for its fast elevators: you can get up to the observation deck located on the 89th floor in just 40 seconds! To resist the seismological danger (which is very typical for Taiwan), the building will be helped by a giant pendulum in the form of a ball weighing 660 tons, located in the upper half of the tower.
7. CTF Financial Center (Chow Tai Fook Enterprises)
World achievement, again located in China, in the city of Guangzhou. 530 meters high - breathtaking at a glance, but here, in addition to offices, shops and hotel rooms, there are also residential apartments! In China, this giant ranks third in height among a huge number of skyscrapers, in the world it is the seventh. By the way, in our rating CTF is the “youngest”; the construction of the Financial Center was completed only a year ago.
6. Freedom Tower - World Trade Center 1
A little higher - in every sense - is the New York "Freedom Tower". The highest skyscraper in the West has 104 floors and a total height of 541 m. It is worth noting the location - it was here that the twin skyscrapers destroyed by terrorists in 2001 were previously located. The Freedom Tower is a kind of symbol of the courage and resistance of the American people to the global disaster. The height of the building is also not calculated by chance: 541 meters is 1776 feet, it was in this year that the US Declaration of Independence was adopted.
5. Lotte World Tower
In the middle of our climbing ranking is the Lotte World Tower. This tower is located on the territory of the huge entertainment complex Lotte World in Seoul. 555 m, 123 floors - on the Korean Peninsula, this skyscraper is the highest. Inside there are shops, offices, residential apartments and hotel rooms, and the last four floors are open to everyone - from the observation decks here you can enjoy luxurious view to Seoul and the Hangang River. Slightly convex conical shape and exterior finish glass panels - a traditional reference to the famous Korean ceramics as part of the culture of this state.
4. Ping'an International Financial Center
On the fourth line of the rating is again China, this time - the city of Shenzhen. Here is a large financial complex Pingan, which includes a chic skyscraper 600 meters high. Among the dozens of the highest buildings in the world, Pingan is a newcomer, its opening took place only in 2017. In total, the giant has 115 floors.
3. Abraj al-Bayt
The top three among the giants of world architecture is opened by the luxurious Abraj al-Beit complex, or the Royal Clock Tower. This building is located in Saudi Arabia, the city of Mecca. Directly opposite is the mosque. main shrine for Muslims - the construction of the Kaaba. Pilgrims from all over the world constantly come here; the Abraj al-Beit hotel houses hundreds of thousands of them. In addition to hotel rooms, there is also a shopping center and residential apartments. A huge clock with a diameter of 43 meters is the culmination of a chic structure.
2. Shanghai tower
The Shanghai Tower is recognized as the tallest skyscraper in China and the second tallest building on the planet. The total height of this architectural heritage is 632 m. In total, the building has 128 floors with an area of 380,000 square meters.
1. Burj Khalifa
The undisputed leader of the rating, the tallest building in the world is Dubai's Burj Khalifa. The construction in the form of a giant stalagmite was opened in 2010 in the UAE. Its height is 828 m, including a sharp spire 180 meters long. For the past ten years, this building has carried the laurels of the tallest man-made building on the planet. The construction belongs to the largest complex in Dubai, which includes a hotel, shopping centers, offices and residential apartments, as well as GYM's, swimming pools, jacuzzi, viewing platforms.
