Temperature standard in a corner apartment in winter. Temperature standards in a residential building during the heating season
Price utilities is growing every year, including for the heat supplied to our batteries. Sometimes the temperature in the apartment is not up to comfortable. And tenants apartment buildings complain that they are forced to overpay for a resource that does not meet the standards of the heating period.
What should be the air temperature in heating season and the norm of temperature in the apartment according to the law? This is the issue we need to sort out.
When is the heating turned on?
When it gets cold before the heat is supplied, it becomes uncomfortable to live in an apartment and more and more often the question of the timing of the heating season is of concern.
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 6, 2011 No. 354 clearly defines the beginning and end of the heat supply season in residential buildings. According to the document, heating should begin in apartments in the fall, when the average daily air temperature in the street is below 8 ° C for 5 consecutive days. And turn off in the spring at a constant temperature above 8 ° C.
Thus, if there are fluctuations in the average daily temperature from +5°C to +10°C for several days, then it is too early to talk about the inclusion of heat.
Norms of air temperature in the heating season in the apartment 2019
The main legislative act regulating indoor temperature standards is GOST 30494-2011. Buildings are residential and public. Indoor microclimate parameters».
They provide the best and allowable norms temperatures used for apartment buildings and various premises:
- kindergartens;
- administrative buildings.
It follows from the document that the temperature norm in the apartment should be from +18 °С to +24 °С.
| Period of the year | The name of a room | Air temperature, °С | |
|---|---|---|---|
| optimal | admissible | ||
| Winter | Living room | 20-22 | 18-24 (20-24) |
| At the temperature of the coldest five-day period: -31 ° C and below | 21-23 | 20-24 (22-24) | |
| Kitchen | 19-21 | 18-26 | |
| Toilet | 19-21 | 18-26 | |
| Bathroom, combined bathroom | 24-26 | 18-26 | |
| Premises for rest and study | 20-22 | 18-24 | |
| Inter-apartment corridor | 18-20 | 16-22 | |
| lobby, stairwell | 16-18 | 14-20 | |
| Storerooms | 16-18 | 12-22 | |
| Summer | Living room | 22-25 | 20-28 |
In parentheses, room temperature for nursing homes and families with disabled people.
Temperature norm in a corner apartment during the heating season
The new GOST does not say anything about houses with corner apartments, respectively, the value is taken according to the norms of a standard living room. In the old GOST R 51617-2000, it was indicated that the value increases by 2 degrees.
Deviations from the norm are allowed:
- for optimal - 2 ° С;
- for acceptable - 3 ° С;
Violation by public utilities that reduce the supply of heat to apartments entails both administrative and criminal liability.
How to measure the air temperature in the apartment?
It is not very easy to get objective figures of the measurements made, but if you wish, you can be patient and eventually achieve a recalculation of the heat payment.
To measure the air temperature in the room correctly, you need to follow a number of rules:
1. Measurements are made at an outdoor temperature not higher than -5°C.
2. Take measurements on a cloudy day. The rays of the sun, penetrating into the room through the window, additionally warm it up, and the indicators on the device will not correspond to the actual picture.
3. Eliminate heat leakage through leaky windows and cracks.
4. Measure temperature:
- in a private house - in two rooms over 5 sq.m., having 2 outer walls or big window(area from 30% of all walls in the room);
- in an apartment building - measurements are made on the first and last floors, in two rooms more than 5 sq.m.
5. The measuring device should be located at a distance of at least half a meter from outer wall and batteries, at a height from the floor in rooms located mainly:
- in a sitting position - 10; 60 and 170 cm;
- standing or walking - 10; 110 and 170 cm.
If the temperature in the apartment is below normal, what should I do?
If during the measurements a deviation from the norm was found to a smaller side, it is necessary to notify the utility service or the management company in whose service the apartment building is located. She sends an emergency team to draw up an act of measurements. This is an official document containing a number of details, on the basis of which a decision is made on the recalculation of utility fees for services. It is compiled in two copies, one of which remains in the hands of the tenant.
With a significant deviation from the norm Management Company is obliged to recalculate the payment for heating for the month in which these deviations are detected.
The law sets the figures for reducing payment - they are 0.15% per hour, when a temperature deviation from the standard value is detected.
For example. During the heating season, the air temperature of the corner room is fixed at 16 ° C (the norm is +20 ° C) 14 hours from the billing period (it is 720 hours). After reading the instrument individual accounting heat energy consumption for the past month amounted to 0.7 Gcal at a tariff of 1,900 rubles. 32 kop. for 1 Gcal. Since the air temperature was below normal, the amount of payment for heating is reduced by 0.15% for every hour when it is recorded in the act.
Recalculation of utility bills for heating
- The amount of payment for 14 hours, when heating was provided of inadequate quality, is reduced by: 0.15% x 14 hours = 2.1%.
- Normative payment for heat in the billing period (30 days or 720 hours): 0.8 Gcal multiplied by the tariff of 1,900 rubles. 32 kop. total 1 520 rub. 25 kop.
- As a result, after the reduction, we get: 1,520 rubles. 25 kop. x (100% - 2.1%) = 1,488 rubles. 32 kop.
There are times when patient residents measure the temperature for several days and during this period it constantly falls short of the norm. Then the pay cut becomes significant. But not every management company is ready to unquestioningly recalculate the cost of services for heating. Often dissatisfied tenants can defend their rights only in court.
Problems with the heating system
Such problems lie, as they say, on the surface. Their consequence is not only barely warm batteries, but also increased humidity due to freezing and thawing of the walls. This inevitably leads to the formation of fungus. Of course, such conditions are far from normal for living. Typical signs of heating problems:
- small leak in radiator
- noise and seething in the pipes,
- difference in temperature of radiators within one apartment,
- heat distribution is uneven across the floors of the house,
- problems in the system apartment building generally.
When preparing apartment buildings for the heating season, the management company is obliged to check all systems. If any of them fails, then a number of actions should be taken to eliminate it.
Question answer
According to what regulatory document, the temperature in corner apartments during the heating season should be 2-3 degrees higher than in the rest?
In connection with the introduction of the new GOST 30494-2011 and the abolition of the old GOST R 51617-2000, the following is not true!
In rooms and apartments located in the corner of the house, the temperature during the heating season should be at least 20 degrees, which is 2 degrees higher than the standard for other rooms. This rule is enshrined in the Rules for the provision of public services. The Rules were approved by Resolution No. 354 of May 6, 2011 and came into force on September 1, 2012.
The same temperature situation for corner apartments is also noted in GOST R 51617-2000, it establishes general specifications and requirements for the provision of housing and communal services. The document contains a reference to the relevant SNiP, as well as a table according to which the temperature in the corner rooms of apartments and dormitories should exceed the standard (18 degrees) by 2 degrees and should not fall below 20 degrees.
To ensure such temperature regime, which will comply with the above documents, in the corner rooms of residential apartments and dormitory rooms, the project also includes the installation of an additional battery. This is also necessary so that the wall does not freeze through. Due to freezing, there may be excessive humidity in the room after thawing and mold. The owner of the corner apartment should not arbitrarily remove the additional battery so that there are no problems in the future.
Quite often, complaints are heard: “It’s cold at home! Why should we pay for barely warm batteries? What should be the temperature in the apartment in winter? Let's deal with these issues and find out in which cases it is legal to file a complaint with the Housing Office, and in which it is not.
Heating season
For every little thing in Russia there are special regulations. Our legislators did not ignore the climate inside the dwellings. They clearly established what temperature should be in the apartment of an average resident of the country. The law states that the period when the premises begin to be heated centrally occurs when the outside temperature is at plus eight for five days. Similarly, the heating season ends. Again, short frosts in the off-season ZhEKi do not oblige to anything.
But what if the heating season has begun, but the house is still cold? Residents can write an application to the housing office. However, the concepts of "cold" and "hot" are very subjective. In order not to be unfounded in your complaint, you need to measure the temperature with a thermometer and give clear numbers of indicators. Thus, the law meticulously establishes minimum standards for different rooms: in the living corner room it should be +20, in the kitchen - +18, and in the bathroom, where we have to strip naked - and all +25.
There are also clearly defined rules on this issue. All year round, hot water should be supplied to the taps: not lower than + 50 and not higher (to avoid burns) + 70 degrees. During the heating season, such water should also fill the batteries. How to check if hot water in your house is supplied as required by the regulations? Open the faucet, substitute a glass with a thermometer. A deviation of 4 degrees is allowed, but only upwards.
Troubleshooting
Perhaps the housing office is not to blame for anything, and your batteries are simply “airy”. In this case, the tenant writes a statement to the DEZ.
Recalculation of payment for heating
If you suffer from a systematic deviation of indicators from accepted standards (and they are determined by special Rules, which describe in great detail how services are provided for which utility bills are taken), you can start a lawsuit. As a result, housing and communal services will either fix problems with heating, or you will pay less for it. Even in the event of an accident or other emergency, it is clearly stated how long people can remain without hot water. According to section VIII of the above Rules, residents must report in writing to the accident service (ZHEK, housing and communal services, etc.) about all problems, including inadequate indoor climate. A commission comes with a check and draws up an act, which indicates what temperature should be in the apartment, and what it really is. This document is signed by the complainant himself. If the commission did not appear, a similar act can be drawn up by the tenant, who took the neighbors as witnesses. The recalculation of the fee is set for the entire "ice age" - until the breakdown is fixed and your house becomes warm again.
Residents of apartment buildings are often interested in questions - what air temperature should be in the apartment in winter? When does the heating season start and end? In the article we will talk about the rules for measuring the air temperature in a residential area and the standards in accordance with GOST.
Warming up the premises high-rise buildings in winter period- this is the area of responsibility of the resource-supplying organization that supplies heat to citizens. Heating is carried out according to special standards. The starting point in the calculations are comfortable living conditions.
What should be the air temperature in the apartment in winter?
The regulatory documents clearly spell out the temperature norm that must be observed in the winter in apartments. In accordance with GOST R 51617-2000, the values of this most important parameter can fluctuate in the range of +18…+25ºС. This plug applies in general to living quarters. The specific meanings within it vary depending on their location and purpose.
If we are talking about a living room, then the air in it should be warmed up to at least + 18ºС. Top bar at +25ºС refers to bathrooms. This is explained high humidity air in them. To prevent the accumulation of moisture and the development of various pathogenic microorganisms, the air circulating in such a room should be somewhat hotter.
According to the law, the established norm of temperature in an apartment in winter can fluctuate depending on the time of day. During the day, it is strictly observed. At night, when the activity of residents is much less, slight downward deviations are allowed. If from midnight to 5 o'clock in the morning the air cools down by no more than 3ºС from the standard, then this will not be considered a violation.
Discomfort for a person creates not only too cold, but also an overheated atmosphere. That is why SanPin also indicates the maximum level of air heating. In living rooms, this limit is + 24ºС.
Separately, the regulations prescribe the conditions for corner apartments. This is due to the fact that they have more walls in direct contact with the external environment. In such housing, heat exchange with outdoor air takes place more actively. For this reason, the temperature minimum for corner apartments is slightly higher - + 20ºС.
Comfort while living in an apartment building is provided, among other things, by the warmth of the entrances. They also set heating appliances and modern plastic windows. Otherwise entrance doors apartments are becoming additional source heat loss. In accordance with the standards, the air in the stairwells must be warmed up to + 14 ... + 20ºС. The layout of many houses suggests the presence of inter-apartment corridors. In them, the air should be even warmer - + 16 ... + 22ºС.
There are other regulations that you can rely on when determining optimum temperature apartment in winter. For example, there is GOST 30494-2011. In it, the recommended temperatures in some places may differ slightly from those given above. However general principles comfort levels remain the same. We give tabular data from this GOST.
|
Season |
Room type |
|
|
Cold |
Living room |
|
|
Living room (northern regions) |
||
|
Bathroom, combined bathroom |
||
|
Inter-apartment corridor |
||
|
Children's rooms |
||
|
Living spaces |
Start of the heating season
If heat is supplied to the houses centrally, then the decision to start the heating season is made at the local government level. For this, the necessary conditions must exist.
According to existing standards, the heating season starts if the average daily air temperature drops below +8ºС for five consecutive days. The shutdown date is calculated according to the same principle. central heating. To do this, it is necessary that during a similar time period the air warms up above + 8ºС on average per day.
From the described general methodology under special conditions may retreat. For example, in the spring, heating is often returned to city apartments again if the warming is followed by a serious steady cooling.
How is heat measured in a room?
Non-compliance with the parameters established according to GOST normal temperature in the apartment in winter is the basis for complaints with subsequent investigation and elimination of the causes. To defend your position, violations must be correctly recorded. The measurement of heat occurs subject to certain conditions.
Firstly, it is not necessary to record the indicators of warming up the air in the dwelling on a sunny day. Even in winter, the rooms are noticeably warmed up due to directly falling rays. You can postpone measurements, for example, in the early morning, when the sun has not yet risen. By this time, the effect of heating the building by the celestial body will disappear and it will not hurt to get reliable readings.
Secondly, before measurements, the room is carefully checked for tightness. If heat leaks are detected, measurements are suspended until they are fixed. One of the most common causes of leakage is the poor condition of windows. They may be poorly installed or simply old and in need of repair (replacement). Another frequently encountered moment is a destroyed sealing interpanel seams. Unlike windows, their condition is not the responsibility of the owner of the living space, but the management company.
To make sure that there are no heat leaks, special devices are used - thermal imagers. Previously, they were produced only in the form of separate devices. Today, there are models of thermal imagers that are installed as accessories on modern smartphones. The cost of such models is quite high. However, many specialists have them, as they really make it possible to simplify the implementation of daily tasks.
Temperature measurements in the apartment in winter for compliance with standards are made in at least two rooms. This rule does not work only in 1-room apartments, in which the window occupies 30 percent of the wall area.
The measuring instrument is positioned as follows:
- distance from the outer wall and heating devices - 50 cm or more;
- distance from the floor - 60 cm or more.
If there are complaints about the discrepancy between the actual temperature in the apartment in winter and the norm that is required by law, you should first take measurements on your own. This will make sure that there are indeed discrepancies. This is followed by a message to the emergency dispatch service. In some cases, problems with heat supply can be caused by force majeure, for example, a breakthrough in a heating main. If nothing like this happened, then the dispatcher will schedule a visit to the specified address of the emergency brigade. She measures according to all the rules and draws up the corresponding official act.
Registered instruments are used for measurements. This fact is confirmed by special technical documentation. The act is drawn up with the following information:
- date of measurement;
- general description apartments and houses;
- list of specialists included in the commission;
- instrument readings;
- measured temperature;
- signatures of the persons who made up the commission.
During measurements, two copies of the act are prepared. The first is transferred to the owner of the living space, the second remains with the specialists of the utility service that carried out the measurement.
When it comes to paying utility bills, many tenants of apartment buildings complain that the temperature in their apartments was not up to standard in winter. As a result, consumers have to overpay for services that they did not receive in full.
This means that the temperature of the coolant in the heating radiators was below normal. To understand this issue, it is necessary to consider the standards that have been developed government agencies operating throughout Russia in the winter season.
The heating season begins in autumn, when the air temperature outside the window drops below +8 °C. But this takes into account the fact that this indicator is kept for at least five days.
If there is an abrupt change, for example, two days +5 °C, one day +10 °C, the next two days +7 °C, then heating in apartment buildings does not turn on. Switching off is made when the thermometer rises above +8 °C. The same rules apply with a five-day condition.
Regulations
Heating standards are legalized, that is, their violation is followed by administrative or criminal punishment. All of them are determined by SNiPs, which is the law for public utilities. So, here is a list of the main norms in force for residential and non-residential premises in apartment buildings:
- +18 °C in the living quarters of the apartment;
- if the apartment is corner, then +20 °C;
- in the kitchen, the temperature should be at least +18 ° C;
- in the bathroom +25 °C;
- on the stairwell and in the lobby (if such a room exists) not lower than +16 °C;
- in the elevator temperature norm+5 °C;
- in the attic and in the basement +4°C.
How to take measurements correctly?
Measurement of the air temperature inside the residential premises of apartment buildings is done in certain places. From external walls at a distance of 1.0 m, from the floor at a height of 1.5 m. Control measurements are made every hour during the day. In this case, it is precisely the decrease in temperature from the standard that is taken into account. If this fact is confirmed, then apartment residents can pay for services less by 0.15%.
At the same time, an act of measurements taken is necessarily drawn up, one copy of which remains in the hands of the residents. Please note that the public utilities will correct all the shortcomings within a week, so do not disturb them and remind them every day.
There is one more point to which attention should be paid. If the temperature in the heating radiators was below the norm by 3 ° C during the day, and by 5 ° C at night, then the management company must recalculate utilities.
By the way, the amount of rent reduction will depend on the area of the apartment. And the more it is, the less you have to pay.
There is another standard on which the quality and comfort of living in an apartment depends high-rise building- air exchange rate. That is, there are certain indicators that are based on sanitary and hygienic standards, requiring that the air in the apartment constantly change.
In residential premises with an area of 18-20 m², air exchange should be 3 m³ / h per square meter. In kitchens, this figure is 60 m³ / h, this is if it has hob with two burners. If a three burner cooker is used then 75 m³/h and a four burner cooker 90 m³/h.
In the bathroom, this figure will depend entirely on its area. For example, an area of 25 m² - an air exchange rate of 25 m³ / h. If the same area, but in the bathroom, then 50 m³ / h. In the toilet 25 m³/h with an area of 16 m².
These two standards are related. It is impossible to ensure that the temperature in the apartment meets the standards, and air exchange is not taken into account. Or vice versa. Everything must be taken into account comprehensively. Only then it will be possible to talk about comfortable living conditions.
How to measure the temperature of the coolant?
Maybe not everyone knows, but the hot water that flows from the tap in the hot water supply system is the coolant flowing through the heating pipes.
The easy way
Therefore, if you want to check its temperature yourself, just use a thermometer to measure hot water poured, for example, into a glass.
Her temperature limits: 50-70 °C. Deviations can be, but only for an increase, and only by 4 degrees.
Measurement of the heating level of heating devices
There are other ways to measure temperature limits. To do this, you will have to measure this indicator for pipes or heating radiators. This can be done with an infrared thermometer-pyrometer or a conventional alcohol thermometer. In the second case, the measuring device is applied to the pipe or battery and covered with insulation.
Measurements with an electrothermometer
There is a more complex measuring device - an electric thermometer.
Its thermocouples are applied to the plane of a pipe or radiator, they are fixed and measured, including the “Measure temperature” function.
Instrument corrections
Usually each device has its own scale of deviations. For example, for alcohol - up to 2 ° C, for infrared - 0.5 ° C. Therefore, after carrying out all measurements, it is necessary to add 1-2 ° С to the obtained digital indicator.
What to do next?
If the result of the measurements taken does not suit you, and you think that the temperature of the coolant does not correspond to the norm, then you must write an application to the management company. A commission should come from her and take their measurements. All their actions must comply with the rules of GOST 30494-90 "Control Methods". At the same time, employees should use measuring device, which has been registered and has a certificate of quality.
The device must meet certain technical specifications:
- temperature range from +5 °С to +40 °С;
- measurement error - 0.1 °С.
Temperature dependence
There is a certain dependence of the air temperature inside residential premises on the air temperature outside the window. This dependence determines the supply of coolant with a certain level of heating. During the heating season, this figure may change daily, or it may not change for months.
Gosstroy in 2003 issued a decree in which the temperature parameters of the coolant were precisely determined. Please note that they are taken into account only for the lower supply of hot water. Multiple positions:
- air temperature outside +5 °C, in the heating circuit supply +50 °C, in the return +39 °C;
- outdoors 0 °C, supply +65 °C, return +48 °C;
- outside -5°C, supply +78°C, return +56°C.
Dependence on the type of system
And one more thing that determines the temperature regime. If a two-pipe heating system is installed in an apartment building, then the coolant temperature should be +95 ° С.
If the system is single-pipe, then the rate is increased to +105 ° C. But keep in mind that in corner apartments the air temperature index will still be lower.
Heating batteries today are the main existing elements of the heating system in city apartments. They are effective home appliances, responsible for the transfer of heat, since comfort and coziness in residential premises for citizens directly depend on them and their temperature.
If you refer to the Government Decree Russian Federation No. 354 of May 6, 2011, heating supply to residential apartments starts at average daily temperature outdoor air is less than eight degrees, if such a mark is consistently kept for five days. In this case, the start of heat begins on the sixth day after a decrease in the air index was recorded. For all other cases, according to the law, postponing the supply of the heat resource is allowed. In general, in almost all regions of the country, the actual heating season directly and officially begins in mid-October and ends in April.
In practice, it also happens that due to the negligent attitude of heat supply companies, the measured temperature installed batteries in the apartment does not meet the regulated standards. However, in order to complain and demand a correction of the situation, you need to know what standards are in force in Russia and how exactly to measure the existing temperature of working radiators.
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Norms in Russia
Considering the main indicators, the official temperatures of the heating batteries in the apartment are shown below. They apply to absolutely everyone. operating systems, in which, in direct accordance with the decree of the Federal Agency for Construction and Housing and Communal Services No. 170 of September 27, 2003, the coolant (water) is supplied from the bottom up.
In addition, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the temperature of the water that circulates in the radiator directly at the inlet to a functioning heating system must comply with the current schedules regulated by utility networks for specific premises. These schedules are regulated by the Sanitary Norms and Rules in the sections of heating, air conditioning and ventilation (41-01-2003). Here, in particular, it is indicated that with a two-pipe heating system, the maximum temperature indicators are ninety-five degrees, and with a single-pipe - one hundred and five degrees. Measurements of these should be carried out sequentially in accordance with established rules otherwise, when applying to higher authorities, the testimony will not be taken into account.
Maintained temperature
Temperature of heating batteries in residential apartments in centralized heating is determined according to the relevant standards, displaying a sufficient value for the premises, depending on their purpose. In this area, the standards are simpler than in the case of working premises, since the activity of residents is, in principle, not so high and more or less stable. Based on this, the following rules are regulated:
Of course, the individual characteristics of each person should be taken into account, everyone has different activities and preferences, therefore there is a difference in the norms from and to, and not a single indicator is fixed.
Requirements for heating systems
Heating in apartment buildings is based on the result of many engineering calculations, which are not always very successful. The process is complicated by the fact that it does not consist in delivering hot water to a specific property, but in evenly distributing water to all available apartments, taking into account all the norms and necessary indicators, including optimal humidity. The effectiveness of such a system depends on how coordinated the actions of its elements, which also include batteries and pipes in each room. Therefore, it is impossible to replace radiator batteries without taking into account the characteristics of heating systems - this leads to negative consequences with a deficit of heat or, conversely, its excess.
As for the optimization of heating in apartments, the following provisions apply here:
In any case, if the owner is embarrassed by something, it is worth applying to the management company, housing and communal services, the organization responsible for the supply of heat - depending on what exactly differs from the accepted norms and does not satisfy the applicant.
What to do about inconsistencies?
If the functioning applied heating systems of an apartment building are functionally adjusted with deviations in the measured temperature only in your premises, you need to check the internal apartment heating systems. First of all, you should make sure that they are not airborne. It is necessary to touch the individual batteries available on the living space in the rooms from top to bottom and in reverse side- if the temperature is uneven, then the cause of the imbalance is airing and you need to bleed the air by turning a separate tap on the radiator batteries. It is important to remember that you cannot open the tap without first substituting any container under it, where water will drain. At first, the water will come out with a hiss, that is, with air, you need to close the tap when it flows without hiss and evenly. Some time later 
you should check the places on the battery that were cold - they should now be warm.
If the reason is not in the air, you need to submit an application to the management company. In turn, she must send a responsible technician to the applicant within 24 hours, who must draw up a written opinion on the discrepancy between the temperature regime and send a team to eliminate the existing problems.
If the management company did not respond to the complaint in any way, you need to take measurements yourself in the presence of neighbors.
How to measure temperature?
Consideration should be given to how to correctly measure the temperature of the radiators. It is necessary to prepare a special thermometer, open the tap and substitute some container with this thermometer under it. It should be noted right away that only a deviation upward of four degrees is permissible. If this is problematic, you need to contact the Housing Office, if the batteries are airy, apply to the DEZ. Everything should be fixed within one week.
There are additional ways to measure the temperature of heating batteries, namely:
In case of an unsatisfactory temperature indicator, an appropriate complaint must be filed.
Minimum and maximum indicators
As well as other indicators that are important to ensure the required conditions for people's lives (indicators of humidity in apartments, supply temperatures warm water, air, etc.), the temperature of the heating batteries, in fact, has certain allowable minimums depending on the time of year. However, neither the law nor the established norms prescribe any minimum standards for apartment batteries. Based on this, it can be noted that the indicators should be maintained in such a way that the above-mentioned allowable temperatures in the premises. Of course, if the temperature of the water in the batteries is not high enough, it will actually be impossible to provide the optimal required temperature in the apartment.
If there is no established minimum, then the Sanitary Norms and Rules, in particular 41-01-2003, establish the maximum indicator. This document defines the standards that are required for an in-house heating system. As mentioned earlier, for two-pipe this is a mark of ninety-five degrees, and for one-pipe it is one hundred and fifteen degrees Celsius. However, the recommended temperatures are from eighty-five degrees to ninety, since water boils at one hundred degrees.
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