Lighting in the backyard. What should be the lighting of the adjacent territory of apartment buildings. Procedure for solving street lighting problems

Many of us often had to return home at night. At such moments, a person understands how important lighting is inside and around an apartment building. But what to do if there is no light either in the entrance or in the yard? Who to contact and who is responsible for this? Let's take a look at this issue

In this article:

entrance lighting

With the onset of darkness in the entrance and on the stairwells of a residential building, the light must be turned on. First of all, this is necessary for the safety of residents. Lighting in the entrance of an apartment building must meet the following requirements:

in public spaces, a general lighting system is used;
if the house has more than 6 floors and more than 50 people live, then the building must be equipped with evacuation lighting;
evacuation lamps are installed in the main aisles and in front of elevators;
it is allowed to use incandescent lamps, halogen and LED lamps;
it is recommended to cover the lamp with anti-vandal, impact-resistant glass or metal mesh;
light intensity must comply with established standards.

Illumination standards are regulated by special regulatory documents, SNiP and GOST and are standardized according to VSN 59-88. Lux values for common areas are shown in the table:

Residents have the right to complain to the management company not only that there are no lamps, but also that their light is not strong enough.

Basement lighting

Special requirements are put forward for the organization of basement lighting due to the special microclimate inside the room. As a rule, it is always humid there, dampness can be observed, so the lamps must meet electrical and fire safety standards.

The power must be reduced to 42 W using a step-down transformer. The body of the lamp must be grounded. It is not recommended to connect copper and aluminum wires during cable laying, which react when exposed to moisture. The wiring is placed in special corrugated pipes, which are called sleeves.

Outdoor area lighting

Before you figure out what standards the lighting of the local area and the courtyard of an apartment building should meet, you need to figure out what is included in this concept - “house area”. According to the law, this is:

the land plot on which the house is built, its dimensions are determined by the cadastre;
landscaping elements (this includes, among other things, lamps);
objects intended for the operation of the house (heating points, transformer, children's and sports grounds, parking lots).

Direct lighting of the courtyard of an apartment building can be carried out in three ways:

Lantern under the canopy above the door to the entrance. This is convenient, because you can take a low-power lamp, you don’t need much light. The disadvantage is that only a small area in front of the door will be illuminated.
Lantern over the entrance canopy. It is advisable to take a lamp with a luminous flux of at least 3500 lm and a circular luminous intensity. Placed at a height of 5 meters at an angle of 25 degrees to the horizon. But, despite the fact that the entire courtyard is illuminated in this way, the area next to the door remains in darkness.
Combination of the two previous options. The most optimal way to illuminate the yard, but it consumes a lot of electricity.

For lighting the adjacent territory, standards have also been developed, which are presented in the table:

Some residents insist on installing motion-sensing lighting fixtures to save energy. It makes sense to put such lamps inside the entrances, while on the streets they will not work quite correctly. On the street, the sensor can be triggered by the movement of the animal, and the light will turn on when it is not required.

Who is responsible for lighting the house?

According to Federal Law No. 131, local governments are responsible for the illumination of streets, roads and courtyards. But it is the responsibility of the residents of the house to maintain the performance of the lamps.

According to the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the responsibility for lighting inside residential buildings and in the local area lies with the management company with which the tenants have entered into an agreement. The text of the agreement itself spells out what services the UK provides, for which it is responsible, and what is the procedure for dealing with problems or disputes that arise.

What to do if the tenants find that there is no light in the entrance, common areas, in the basement or in the adjacent territory? They need to take the following steps:

An act is drawn up in which the problem is described.
The act is signed by at least 3 people. It can be neighbors, the head of the porch or the chairman of the house.
Evidence of the existence of the problem is attached to the act. For example, a photo of the lack of light in the evening.
Documents are transferred to the management company.
Within seven days, the employees of the Criminal Code check and analyze the information, troubleshoot and draw up their own report on the problem.
The document, which spells out all the actions taken to resolve the problem, is transferred to the applicants.

If the management company fails to fulfill its obligations, refuses to fulfill what is written in the contract, the tenants have the right to terminate the agreement with it and conclude an agreement with another organization.

Who pays for the lighting of the yard and entrances of an apartment building? According to the Federal Law, the area around the house, like the entrances, is a common property. Lighting and troubleshooting costs are borne directly by the residents of the building. Moreover, the costs are divided for each owner, depending on the area of his apartment.

You should pay attention to whether it is documented that this particular house territory is the common property of this particular house. If there are no such notes, then the inclusion of payment for it in the receipt is illegal.

Lighting of multi-storey buildings is strictly regulated by laws and sanitary standards. If one of the important parameters is not observed - there is no light at all, it is not bright enough, the lighting is organized without taking into account the safety of the residents, then the residents of the house have the right to apply to the management company, the local administration or even to the court.

The current standards for apartment buildings (MKD) provide for the presence of lighting devices in the entrance, as well as in the yard area near the entrance to the front door. If the site adjacent to the MKD is jointly owned by homeowners, then the lighting of courtyard areas is the responsibility of the management company. The issues of choosing lighting fixtures and organizing lighting are decided by the general meeting of apartment owners.

Does the management company include lighting of courtyard areas?

Certain difficulties with the organization of lighting of the courtyard areas of MKD are due to the fact that the current legislative norms do not have a clear explanation of the concept of "yard area". Currently, lawyers use the definition, which is presented in the government decree of the Russian Federation under number 491 (08/13/06). This document indicates that the common property includes the land plot assigned to the MKD, as well as the objects of improvement and maintenance of the house located on it. To define such an area, the term adjoining (or courtyard) territory is often used.

Confirmation of the opinion that the lighting of the courtyard area is the responsibility of the authorities can be found in the Federal Law number 131 (06.10.03). This act states that the territorial administration is engaged in lighting the land plot near the MKD. She is in charge of organizing and controlling the lighting of the courtyard area at night. To implement this function, administrations enter into appropriate agreements with companies providing energy supply. The same contracts for the installation and maintenance of street, facade and access power supply devices are drawn up with other specialized enterprises. For their part, the owners of apartments are trying to prescribe obligations for the organization of lighting of courtyard areas in agreements with management companies. After the introduction of such a clause, all responsibility for this problem lies with the enterprise, which ensures the solution of all issues related to the life of the MKD.

The range of tasks related to the energy supply of the courtyard area includes the provision of illumination at night for such objects as:

entrances and footpaths;
entrances to the yard;
courtyard parking areas for vehicles;
playgrounds for children;
business sites.

According to the current SNiP, the lighting of the courtyard area of an apartment building is designed depending on the functional purpose of individual zones. So, if for parking lots the illumination level should be about 2 lux, then for children's sports grounds - 10 lux. The selection of lighting devices is carried out by the management company. It can be both ordinary street lamps and facade lamps. It should be noted that management organizations are not always involved in yard lighting. This is due to a clear definition of its areas of responsibility in relation to the maintenance of territories adjacent to the MKD. For example, such companies are responsible for cutting down trees near an apartment building, but not in the yard. There are two ways to resolve such conflicts:

The yard plot can be transferred to the owners of apartments for arranging cellars. Therefore, maintaining order in this territory, its lighting and improvement are included in the list of their duties.
The yard area is at the disposal of the municipal authorities, and residents of the MKD should contact the regional department of communal services regarding its removal from trees.

Similar options can take place in relation to the lighting of yard areas. Lighting masts and poles may be on the balance sheet of local authorities or energy companies, and, therefore, it makes no sense to make any demands on the management company. Repair and maintenance of the lighting of the courtyard area should be carried out by the owners of the lighting equipment.

The responsibility of the managing organization for the maintenance and organization of lighting of the yard area and common property should be accurately described in the contract. Therefore, to draw up such a document, you need to involve a qualified lawyer who understands the needs of apartment owners.

Responsibilities of the management company for the operation and repair of MKD and yard property:

Provide all necessary conditions for home security.
Regularly monitor the condition of the yard property and promptly eliminate the identified deficiencies.
Carry out repair of MKD and carry out its preparation for operation in the winter.
Carry out emergency repairs to indoor equipment.
Implement fire safety measures.
Ensure that technical systems and equipment are maintained in the condition necessary to provide quality public services.
Maintain the yard area in accordance with sanitary requirements.
Carry out the removal of household and other waste from the courtyard area and adjacent areas.
Take measures for the collection and disposal of energy-saving lighting devices.
Install, maintain and replace metering devices that are in common house use.
Promote economical consumption of electrical and thermal energy.

The agreement of the tenants of the house with the management company should include the obligations of the latter for the proper maintenance of the courtyard area, including maintaining cleanliness and organizing lighting. In case of non-fulfillment of the conditions described in the contract, administrative penalties may be applied to the Criminal Code. The determination of the limits of the courtyard territory is carried out in accordance with the land act, which is held by the head of the managing organization and must be presented at the request of the owners of MKD apartments. With regard to the maintenance of the local area, the Criminal Code must carry out the following activities:

carry out regular cleaning of the yard;
carry out landscaping of the courtyard area;
clean up the yard and remove food waste and household waste;
equip children's sports grounds and maintain them in proper condition.

All these provisions do not answer the question: who should pay for the lighting of the yard area? Outdoor lighting in any form (supported / unsupported, connected to a transformer substation, etc.) has never been paid from the city budget. In Soviet times, these costs were borne by housing trusts. But today such organizations do not exist. Federal Law No. 131 “On the General Principles of Organizing Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation” classifies the provision of street lighting, signs, house numbers and other similar objects as issues within the competence of local authorities. But the city authorities have their own opinion on this matter. Here it is customary to divide lighting into street and yard. In other words, only the outer part of the MKD can be considered a street. Therefore, the lighting of the courtyard area is the concern of the residents of the house.

One can note the emergence of such a concept as private ownership of common house property. It includes the yard area and common facilities located on it, including lighting equipment. The logic here is as follows: if residents use the lights, then they must pay for their maintenance and other expenses for lighting the courtyard area, including electricity. At the same time, according to the regulations, only devices for illuminating MKD numbers, as well as lanterns illuminating the entrance group and fire hydrant placement points, can be classified as yard power supply devices. There are many examples where responsible local government officials take responsibility for providing lighting for the yards of MKDs.

For example, back in 2011, S. Sobyanin ordered the capital's control committee to monitor the targeted use of funds from the budget allocated for the reconstruction and improvement of courtyard areas. After the weather disasters associated with the December ice shower, the Moscow mayor criticized the organization of snow removal in the yards and cleaning the roofs of the MKD. He demanded that administrative fines be imposed on contractors who were supposed to carry out such work. That year, the Moscow government allocated 12 billion rubles for the reconstruction of courtyard areas. (of which 2.6 billion rubles were allocated for repair work at the entrances). Sobyanin emphasized that the landscaping of courtyard areas includes the reconstruction of children's sports grounds and the installation of modern equipment for lighting courtyards, and noted the importance of informing residents of MKD about planned events.

The size of the area of the adjacent territory of an apartment building

Lighting of yard areas is paid within the framework of the ODN

The item of expenses for common house needs, which include lighting of courtyard areas, in utility bills causes a lot of dissatisfaction on the part of homeowners. In the receipts, the line for the payment of ODN appeared in 2013. Until that time, apartment owners paid only for the resources consumed inside their housing. Financing of the ODN was carried out at the expense of budgetary funds.

Why was it decided to make apartment owners responsible for maintaining the house and lighting the yard area? All residents of the house, being the owners of the common property of the MKD, must cover all the costs of operating and maintaining the building. Therefore, it was decided that the owners of housing, being co-owners of common property (non-residential premises and yard territory), must bear all the costs of their maintenance.

The legal force of this decision is determined by clause 40 of the "Rules for the provision of public services to owners and users of premises in MKD and residential buildings." This resolution was approved by the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 No. 354. Based on this document, homeowners must pay for services that are provided inside apartments and in premises related to public property in an MKD. Appendix No. 2 is attached to the above Rules No. 354, which contains calculation formulas.

Accruals are carried out regardless of the stay or absence of apartment owners and includes such costs as:

Sanitary and hygienic measures: cleaning of entrances, staircases, elevators and adjacent territory.
Leakage of consumption resources from centralized engineering networks (gas, heat, water and electricity) as a result of emergency situations, scheduled flushing, testing of hydraulics and other systems.
Landscaping of the local area of the MKD: arrangement of playgrounds, lighting of the courtyard area, landscaping and landscape design.
Heating and lighting of common premises (basements, attics, entrances).
Payment for the operation and maintenance of elevators, intercoms, security systems, antennas and other devices.

Therefore, the cost of lighting courtyard areas is included in the ODN bills. Payment to the owners of MKD is charged monthly and is indicated in receipts for utilities.

From July 1, 2016, the accrual for the total use of energy resources, including lighting of courtyard areas, is carried out by summing up the readings of metering devices and ODN standards. Accruals are carried out taking into account the total area of the MKD property, the amenities of the house and the area of each apartment. In some cases, for the proportional distribution of payment, it is not the personal area of \u200b\u200bthe premises that is taken into account, but the number of people living in the apartment. Payment for electricity consumption in excess of the established norm is assigned to the managing organization. Starting from July 2016, payment for the total electricity consumed, including lighting of courtyard areas, is charged in accordance with the established standard. So, since July 2016, the bill for the total electricity used to illuminate the courtyard area and entrances has been billed in accordance with the standard. Debts for utilities can be collected from non-paying owners in a judicial proceeding.

Expert opinion

Loss of electricity can not be avoided

V. D. Shcherban,

Chairman of the HOA "Moskovskaya 117", Kaluga

Some tenants are trying to underestimate the indicators of electricity consumed, or the owner of the apartment does not update an outdated meter, which has expired. As a result, this leads to data corruption. The operation of any metering device is based on the consumption of electricity. In addition, they have a sensitivity threshold, and the flow below the set limit is not fixed by the equipment. Outdated models of metering devices do not give out such accurate data as modern meters. The measurement error for each equipment can reach 1.5–3 kWh or more on a monthly basis. If you multiply this error by the total number of appliances in the house, then the amount will be impressive!

Another reason for technical losses is the poor quality of the cable. In new buildings with modern engineering communications systems, losses are much lower than in old buildings. Newer buildings use copper cable for wiring, while older houses still have aluminum wiring. The use of different compounds for connecting cables contributes to electrical resistance and possible losses. Nobody is engaged in exact calculations of such leaks, and this is not explained to homeowners. Fortunately, such "little things" are taken into account by the public counter.

All these nuances contribute to an increase in the indicators of electricity consumed by ODN and lighting of the courtyard area, and the payment for overspending of energy resources falls on the owners and tenants of apartments. As an example, we can take our house with 60 apartments, in which almost all accounting devices have been updated to devices with anti-magnetic stickers. Household equipment that consumes electricity includes an intercom, video surveillance system, stair and yard lighting, provider equipment and automatic gates. A separate electricity meter is provided for all public systems, and LED lamps and motion sensors on the ground floor are used to ensure economical energy consumption.

So, in 2015, the consumption of electricity in our house looked like this:

The rate of monthly general house consumption, in accordance with the established Rules No. 306 for the provision of public services, is 350 kWh.
In fact, during this period of time, electricity consumption amounted to about 220 kWh, which is below the established norm.
The difference between the collective consumption by the residents of the house inside the apartments and the total energy supply is 660 kWh. This figure is twice the established norm and three times the consumption of electricity for public systems.
Technical losses are 50 kWh, losses of apartment meters - 180 kWh. In total, the house lost a total of 450 kWh. Where the missing 210 kWh went, experts could not figure out.

Surveying the local area: the pros, cons and procedure for paperwork

How electric meters are installed for lighting yard areas

Electricity meters for operation in a multi-storey building are installed to solve the following problems:

determine the total consumption of electricity that is used for the needs of the building: lighting the courtyard area and entrances, maintenance of elevators;
establish the volume of electricity consumed by apartments in a multi-storey building;
detect unauthorized connection to the home electrical network.

Collective metering devices are installed at the expense of the residents of the high-rise building. There are several ways to equip MKD with meters.

The decision to install meters is made at a meeting of the residents of the house. After that, they collect funds for the purchase and installation of equipment. This usually happens in houses where there is a community committee of residents or apartment owners are responsible for economical utility costs and know their benefits from the use of metering devices. Financing of the solution for the installation of meters occurs at the expense of general house funds, in accordance with Art. "Maintenance". If there is not enough money in the current account, funds are additionally collected from residents of MKD. If the collection of money is approved by a majority vote of the apartment owners, then even those who were against this decision will donate the funds.

With the passive participation of homeowners, the decision on all issues regarding the purchase and installation of equipment for electricity metering is made by the management company independently. Funds are partially withdrawn in accordance with the article "Current repairs". The rest of the money is collected from the residents of the house, or appliances are bought in installments.

In the absence of consensus between the management company and apartment owners on the installation of meters, the energy company independently establishes the procedure for providing residential buildings with metering devices. In this case, the decision is made by the electricity supplier, which is notified in writing to the management company, and independently performs all work on the installation of the equipment. According to the law, apartment owners have no right to interfere with the work of the company's specialists and are obliged to provide them with access to basements and internal electrical networks. Payment for meters and for the work on their installation is assigned to homeowners with the possibility of installment for a period of 5 years, taking into account the interest rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation at the exchange rate.

The categorical refusal of homeowners to install collective meters that determine the consumption of electricity entails administrative liability and the imposition of penalties on the management company, the HOA or the electricity supplier.

If the tenants refuse to purchase accounting equipment and pay for its maintenance, the case is considered in court. In practice, such proceedings are decided not in favor of the residents of the house. In addition to the amount of the claim, they must also pay legal fees.

Responsibilities for removing data from the public meter are assigned to the managing organization and are carried out in the presence of the head of the housing council or his deputy. The electricity supply company, for its part, can request data from the meters at any time. Homeowners are prohibited from blocking access to electric meters for collective use by employees of an energy saving company and employees of the management company.

Expert opinion

The fee for lighting courtyard areas can be calculated in different ways.

Anna Lezhnina,

leading editor-expert of the reference system "Management of MKD"

Based on Part 1 of Art. 157 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, payment for utility bills, including lighting of yard areas, is determined based on the general readings of metering devices, and in their absence, it is calculated on the basis of consumption rates that are approved by the relevant authorities.

Government Decree No. 354 of May 6, 2011 approved the Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in MKD (hereinafter Rules No. 354), on the basis of which the consumer separately pays for the following services as part of utility bills:

provided for users of residential and non-residential premises;
received during the operation of common property in MKD (utilities for ODN).

From 01.01.17, the provision of this rule is valid for those categories of homeowners who:

chose the form of direct management of MKD;
did not choose the method of management;
did not implement the chosen form of management.

With such forms of management of an apartment building as UO, HOA, LCD, housing cooperative, payment for hot and cold water supply, electricity, sewerage, lighting of the yard area and other services consumed in the maintenance of house property, is included in the payment, which is provided for the maintenance of residential premises .

To determine the inclusion of payment for electricity spent on lighting yard areas, on the ODN account, you need to understand whether the equipment used is the property of the MKD or not.

The calculation for the volume of used common house utilities and for lighting yard areas in the presence of ODPU is divided proportionally between consumers, taking into account the size of the total area that is their property or is in temporary use, residential and non-residential premises according to formulas 11 - 14 of Appendix No. 2 to Rules No. 354 According to these formulas, the readings of the ODPU are taken as the basis.

If the MKD is not equipped with an ODPU, then the volumes of the common house utility service are determined in accordance with formula 15 of Appendix No. 2 to Regulation No. 354. According to these calculations, the volume of the service is the product of the energy consumption standard (for general house needs) and the total area of \u200b\u200bthe premises that are included in the common house property.

For the unit of measurement of electricity consumed for lighting the courtyard area, indicators are taken at 1 kWh per 1 m 2 of the total area of \u200b\u200bthe premises belonging to the property of the MKD.

Regarding the total area of the rooms of an apartment building, the total area of common property premises, the total residential and non-residential area, the letter of the Ministry of Regional Development No. 29433-VK / 19 dated November 22, 2012 indicates the need to determine based on the information specified in the technical passport of the house.

Payment for electricity consumption for ODN is calculated according to the indicators of metering devices, if MKDs are equipped with them, or when calculating, they are based on the total area of \u200b\u200bthe premises that are owned by MKDs.

Landscaping and everything you need to know about it

What to do if the illumination of the courtyard area of an apartment building is broken

If the problem with electricity cannot be solved on its own, then you need to contact the company's specialists for help. Responsibilities for troubleshooting the lighting of courtyard areas are assigned to the Criminal Code. Otherwise, residents can contact the administration that controls the activities of the Criminal Code. Residents have the right to change the management organization if it does not fulfill or does not cope with its obligations.

In the absence of lighting of the yard area or in case of faulty lighting fixtures, the application to the Criminal Code is carried out in writing. In it, apartment owners must indicate the reason for their appeal. This paper with the justification of the problem is signed by the owners of apartments in the amount of at least 3 people (the chairman of the house, the head of the entrance and the neighbors). As documentary evidence, photos of the yard taken in the evening and indicating the problem are attached to the act. The act drawn up by the tenants along with the photo is provided to the Criminal Code. After that, the credibility of the complaint is checked for a week, an inspection and an internal investigation are carried out. The results obtained are recorded in the act. A copy of the document drawn up is sent to the applicants along with a notification of the decision to take measures to eliminate the problem.

Based on the Housing Code, all financial expenses provided for the maintenance of joint property and lighting of the yard area are divided among residents in proportion to the total area of their apartments. Since this space belongs to common property, the payment for its lighting is also the responsibility of the property owners. The cost of supplying electricity to the courtyard area is determined by common metering devices, distributed proportionally among residents and included in utility bills.

If the space near the entrances is not documented as the property of the apartment owners, then the costs of electricity for street lighting are borne by the administration. In this situation, the yard area does not belong to the joint property, which means that the payment for the electricity supply cannot be included in the utility bill and is considered illegal.

How and when are verification and repair of energy metering devices carried out

How to save money on street lighting

In many panel buildings with a typical layout, lighting devices for yard areas are installed such as a Mercury Console Street lamp with DRL lamps of 125 watts each. Such equipment is installed at a height of up to 6 m at an angle of 60 0 . At night, the lamps are usually turned off due to high electricity consumption and the absence of automatic control devices.

Even with a working courtyard lighting system and the use of an economical and efficient DRL lamp (light output is more than three times that of an incandescent lamp), the total luminous flux coefficient for a RKU lamp is not more than 0.5.

The main problem of devices for lighting the yard area is the installation height, which makes it difficult to replace light sources. A failed power supply system is the cause of increased injuries, a decrease in the level of safety of citizens and is considered a violation of SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10.

Residents' claims that outdoor lighting interferes with sleep are considered unfounded.

The norms for lighting courtyard areas with outdoor light installations are determined by SP52.13330.2011, according to which the total level of illumination using various devices installed on residential buildings should not exceed 5 lux. Excess of the established indicator can be for several reasons:

incorrect installation of the lamp;
displacement of lighting fixtures or lamps;
high lamp power.

Higher standards are defined for lighting devices for courtyard areas installed above the entrance area of the entrance. The terms of reference "Lighting of yard areas" should provide for such areas an illumination level of at least 6 lux.

Courtyard areas are illuminated with the help of DRL, DRI, KLE lamps, LED spotlights and lamps.

Lamp arc mercury fluorescent- the most popular type of lamps used for yard and industrial lighting. Compared to other lighting devices, DRL lamps have a low light output, but they do not require additional energy-consuming igniting devices to start them. The disadvantages of DRL lamps include the presence of mercury of about 100 mg, electronic ballast, which reduces the efficiency of the lamp, and reaching the rated power for 7 minutes.

Metal halide arc mercury with radiating additives. This kind of lamp is widely used as architectural lighting and outdoor spotlight. Among gas-discharge lamps, they have the highest luminous efficiency with a minimum decrease in luminous flux during long-term operation.

The main disadvantages of DRL and DRI lamps include:

large dependence of the luminous flux on the supply voltage;
high heat transfer;
lamp explosion hazard;
high pulsation of the light flux;
the content of mercury in the composition of the lamp is about 25 mg;
long start-up time - from 2 to 10 minutes.

Compact energy saving lamp used for outdoor lighting. The highest performance indicators of such devices are determined in temperature conditions from -50 0 to +30 0. At lower temperatures, the intensity of the luminous flux decreases and the time to reach the normalized mode increases.

LED spotlights. Despite the large abundance of LED lamps in the domestic market, most of them are cheap Chinese-made products with the name of a well-known brand, made in a metal halide lamp body with a heat sink and built on an LED matrix.

The main disadvantages of LED devices when lighting yard areas include:

low light output of the matrix luminous flux (about 70 lumens per watt);
difficult heat removal from a concentrated heat source (LED matrix);
poor performance properties in low temperature conditions;
complexity of lamp maintenance.

What is the difference between a lamp and a spotlight? A luminaire is a device for scattering and directing the light flux for lighting buildings, adjacent territories, streets and interior spaces. The principle of their operation is based on the redistribution of electricity within large solid angles. As a result, the illuminated area is flooded with light. By observing the rules and conditions for installing fixtures, a low glare effect of the device is ensured.

If to illuminate the courtyard area it is necessary to create a high intensity of the light flux (concentrated light) with a clear direction, then focusing elements (lenses or reflectors) are installed in the lamps. Such a lamp will already be called a searchlight. When installing such a device for lighting a yard area, strict requirements must be observed. Among the main ones are the height and direction of the light flux, which reduce the blinding effect. If we take a flashlight as an example, then its main purpose is to shine only forward. But when the reflector is removed, it already turns into an ordinary lamp.

RKU lamp with DRL-125 lamp used as a standard option for lighting the yard area. It has a high energy consumption and low light output. The lamp contains mercury vapor. Its main advantages for lighting the yard area include low cost and long service life.

Halogen console street lamp with lamp DRI-70. Modification of the device with a DRL-125 lamp. This luminaire provides 50% more light output. But the cost of such a lamp is almost 5 times more, and the service life is 2 times less. It contains mercury and differs only in improved illumination performance.

Cantilever street lamp for KLE lamp 105 W does not provide any advantages in comparison with DRL-125. Therefore, replacing them with RCU models with DRL-125 is not profitable for financial reasons. The positive moment of installation of the NKU model consists only in the lowest cost of installation.

50W LED projector lamp is the most inexpensive source of diode lighting. In terms of lighting performance, this option is inferior to all others, but, due to the low price, it has a minimum payback period.

LED lamp SLG-ST24- this is the most expensive device for lighting the yard area, which at the same time has a maximum operational period. Another advantage of this option is the highest strength. The main advantages of SLG-ST24 include powerful and economical lighting.

The most efficient and economical solution for yard lighting is automatic lighting control with astronomical relay. This equipment has a program that regulates the on / off of lighting lamps depending on the sunrise / sunset. She herself corrects the work of courtyard lighting according to the annual cycle of daylight hours, depending on the season and regional location.

A more affordable option for automating the process of lighting a yard area is photorelay. This device controls the light based on data on the level of illumination of the area. For the correct operation of the relay, it is necessary to strictly follow the rules for its placement. Therefore, it is better to entrust such operations to professionals in the field of electrical engineering. It is important to ensure that the sensitive part of the relay is not exposed to artificial light from various sources (advertising, facade lighting, car headlights, light from windows, etc.). In addition, the normal operation of the device will interfere with dust, snow or rain, which reduce the sensitivity of the photocell. For ease of maintenance, it is better to install such a relay near the window structure of the entrance. The main thing is not to install a photo relay under a visor, a canopy or a protruding balcony. In this case, the duration of the yard lighting will greatly increase. Experimental measurements have shown that with such an installation, the duration of the operation of lighting devices will increase by an average of 1.5 hours per day. Therefore, with a large number of yard lamps, the energy overrun will be insignificant.

Outdoor lighting plays a very important role in the infrastructure of any settlements. It is especially important for urban areas. Moreover, great importance should be given to street lighting of the local area.

Outdoor lighting around the house

The lighting of the local area should be based not only on the law established by the authorities, but also on the relevant requirements and norms. About what you should know in this case, our today's article will tell you.

Adjoining territory and its features

The adjoining territory is an honor of the land plot, which is adjacent to an apartment building.

Note! According to the law of the Russian Federation, the right of ownership or use by all owners of a particular apartment building extends to the adjacent territory.

Part of the yard near the house

According to the law of the Russian Federation regarding urban land plots, the composition of the general network property within the adjacent territory includes:

a plot of land on which a house with many apartments was erected. The boundaries for the land plot of an apartment building are indicated in the state cadastral registration;
elements of gardening, improvement (lighting systems);
other objects that are intended to serve this house. This may include heating points, various transformer substations, as well as garages or collective parking lots, playgrounds. But all the described objects must be within the boundaries of the land plot established by the cadastre.

Therefore, in order to understand the real boundaries of the spinning territory, which the law of the country speaks of, you need to have detailed information about this land plot on hand. To do this, you must submit an application to the appropriate body of state cadastral registration. Here they issue a cadastral extract on a specific land plot. This statement must include the following information:

the size and boundaries of the local area;
information about the owner.

As an owner, i.e. The one who is responsible for this territory can be:

city (municipality);
the right of use is granted to the owners of this apartment building;
the adjoining territory, which is owned by the owners of the house.

Any division of powers between residents (users) and the city (owners) should be enshrined in a special agreement, as the law says.

Note! The law also says who pays for the lighting of the area around the apartment building.

Courtyard lighting

A copy of the agreement must be kept in your HOA or management company, as well as in the local administration.
The signed agreement on the right to own urban areas contains the following information:

operating conditions of the land plot (lighting, etc.);
the right and responsibility for leasing territories to third parties.

But in a situation where the property rights to the local area belong only to the owners of an apartment building, there are certain nuances.

Features of ownership of the local area by residents

In a situation where residents act as owners of the land around an apartment building, the law will contain the following points:

the Housing Code of the Russian Federation states that residents of city houses with a large number of apartments are required to pay the costs that go to the maintenance of common property, including street lighting systems, in proportion to their share in the common property right. This means that it is no longer just the municipality that pays for street lighting;

Note! The share in the right of common ownership will be proportional to the total area of the premises, which belongs to the person having the right of ownership.

According to the Housing Code, owners are required to choose one of the options for managing an apartment building. This may be the management of an HOA, the management of a specific organization or another specialized consumer cooperative.

As a result, the responsibility in this situation will be assigned to one of the above persons. Therefore, before demanding the installation of high-quality lighting of the attached territory, it is necessary to establish not only what the law says about this situation, but also who has the right to own this land plot and is responsible for it (who pays, repairs, etc.). As stated in the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the entire cost of maintaining a street lighting system is included in utilities, as well as the fee structure for residential premises.

What else you should know about the local area and its illumination

The law (for example, the Housing Code, etc.) states that the external and internal lighting of urban infrastructures (apartment buildings, adjacent territory, etc.) must be based in their organization on certain norms and requirements. All the norms established for urban adjoining land plots are prescribed, as well as for indoor premises, in SNiP. Here, first of all, in the organization of street lighting, the role is assigned to the level of illumination.

Norms of illumination of the local area

The fact is that each object of the local area (entrance, driveway, flower beds, etc.) should have its own specific level of illumination, which is based both on the purpose of the object and the human visual system. This means that the illumination of each object in the local area should not cause discomfort to the observer, as well as create full-fledged lighting.
This means that when organizing outdoor lighting for the yard of urban apartment buildings, the structures responsible for this (determined by the municipality) should be based on the norm established in SNiP. Moreover, it is strictly forbidden to lower the level of illumination below the established limits.

Requirements for the organization of courtyard lighting

The regulatory documentation (SNiP) contains all the requirements that must be observed and adhered to when organizing outdoor lighting for the adjacent territory of any apartment building. Today, as the law says (the housing code of the Russian Federation and other documents), they include the following requirements:

lighting should be organized for any entrance. This means that the entrance to the entrance should be lit at night;

entrance lighting

the number of lamps installed along the carriageway must be such that the light emanating from them is not lower than the established level of illumination;

Note! The management company or other organizations responsible for the organization of outdoor lighting, based on the level of illumination, determine the style of the lamps, limit their functionality, etc.

high-quality and full-fledged lighting should be organized for the roadway, as well as playgrounds and parking spaces.

Achieving the required level of lighting in different parts of the city can be achieved in the following ways:

installation of wall lights above the entrance to the entrance. At the same time, the height of the placement of the lamps can be different. The higher the lantern and the more powerful the bulb in it, the larger the circle of light formed by the lighting fixture;
lampposts placed along the roadway. With the help of such lanterns, which are placed on top of a pillar, it is possible to illuminate all parts of the yard with high quality: playgrounds, parking spaces, sidewalks and the roadway.

For optimal outdoor illumination of the adjoining territory of an apartment building, it is worth using both lighting options: facade wall lamps and lampposts. In such a situation, it is possible to achieve the optimal level of illumination of the courtyard at minimal cost, which will be balanced by economical light sources, as well as the number of lanterns and wall lamps. At the same time, dark areas of the territory can be avoided with a high probability.

Power features of outdoor lighting

For urban apartment buildings, the building of the apartment building itself is used as a power source for outdoor lighting systems.

Lighting in the yard of a high-rise building

To account for the consumed electricity in this situation, a common house electric meter is used. In this regard, the costs will be distributed to all owners. In this regard, in order to reduce the cost of this article for lighting streets and courtyards located near apartment buildings, they began to install economical light sources: fluorescent, gas-discharge and LED light bulbs. From this list, the maximum energy savings can be achieved using LED light sources.
Some believe that it is possible to reduce the cost of paying for the electricity consumed by the outdoor lighting system using motion sensors.

Motion Sensor

These devices showed high efficiency at home, but on the street, as an element of the outdoor lighting system of the adjoining territory of an apartment building, they showed a less successful result. The fact is that here the work of motion sensors will not be entirely correct. This is due to the fact that although the time to turn on the lighting can be programmed depending on the natural light level, the device can respond to the flight of a bird or the movement of pets. As a result, the frequency of false alarms at those moments when the light is not needed will be many times higher.

Note! Frequent switching on and off of the light is often more negative for the outdoor lighting network than a permanently on light.

Modern lighting fixtures for HOA and housing cooperatives, equipped with photocells, are to a certain extent devoid of the above problems, since they have several operating modes (for example, on duty).

Additional outdoor lighting features

Since the lighting devices for outdoor illumination of the local area of any apartment building can be located within the reach of a person, without the use of additional means (for example, stairs), additional protection of the lamps from vandals is needed. In this regard, all lighting installations located on the territory of the courtyard of an apartment building must be equipped with anti-vandal devices.

Anti-vandal protection of the luminaire

It will prevent premature damage to the lamp.

Conclusion

It is necessary to approach the organization of lighting in the adjacent territory of any apartment building not only taking into account the letter of the law, but also the norms that must be adhered to. This will allow high-quality lighting of the house and spend a minimum of effort, time and money on supporting this system.

Walking along the dark alleys in the evening, you involuntarily wonder if an elementary hooligan is hiding somewhere in the shadows? Who is obliged to provide our children and us - taxpayers, with the most necessary - electric light? Is there, after all, some law or regulation obliging the same energy-saving company to monitor the condition of the same lights in the community?

Well, one lamp does not work or it works, but the light is dim, this is not so bad, but if there are no lamps at all in the courtyard of the house, but there are only a few electric bulbs above the entrances, and they do not save the situation? You can turn to the head of the house, so to speak, to the house manager. Perhaps he will decide something sometime, although this is not his responsibility. Still, I would like to know for sure who will be responsible for the operation of lanterns, light bulbs and other lighting devices on the streets in general and in the yards in particular?

In this article:

What is the problem?

First you need to determine the problem that has arisen:

Bulb needs to be replaced.
The lighting is weak or there is a need for additional light.
There is no light at all.

If the light bulb is visually damaged or simply does not work, you must first contact the housing and communal services manager, who must take the necessary action. Contact numbers are provided on the website of this organization, and in some houses they hang on the walls near the mailboxes.

We contact the administration

If there is no reaction, then you need to contact the City Administration directly, since it has an agreement with the power grids serving each district. They will take action by contacting the power company, who will have to assess the condition of the light fixture and make specific repairs. An appeal in the form of a collective or private complaint for signatures is carried out in the form of an ordinary application in an arbitrary form and is submitted to the local Administration of a certain body of the municipality.

In the text of the appeal, it is important to indicate the following questions to the local administration:

Which organization is responsible for the maintenance of lighting fixtures on the territory
As the name of the customer under the contract with this organization
Who is responsible for maintaining the lighting at the right level.

On the issue of insufficient street lighting, you should contact the Management Company by writing an application individually or collectively using the same template. The main thing is to write the full name of each applicant, signature and address of his residence. It is important to understand that the Management Company is directly responsible for the life and health of the citizens and it is we who should point out the shortcomings to it, since we have a direct interest in this.

In a situation of complete lack of light in your yard, you must contact the local administration, guided by the Federal Law of October 6, 2003 No131-Ф3 “On the General Principles of Organizing Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation”, which obliges local governments to organize street lighting properly. What is also regulated by GOST in terms of the organization of lighting, where all the standards are prescribed. After compiling and sending the application, the answer should come from seven working days to a month.

Also, in order to understand the essence of the problem, building codes and regulations are presented here.

Lighting of architectural objects and cultural monuments is a mandatory measure in the organization of the street lighting system.

Highlighting the main and secondary roads is made taking into account the type of road surface and its reflective properties.

Each street provides a certain degree of horizontal illumination. For example:

for wide roads, this parameter corresponds to 20 l,
highways of regional significance are illuminated within 15 l k,
for local streets, 4-6 lux is enough.

If you are refused, you can file a complaint with the local organization responsible for maintaining street lighting. Very often, refusals are justified by insufficient funding, but these explanations do not make it any brighter.

Your next step may be to apply to the court or the prosecutor's office at the place of residence. It is advisable to provide a photo of the area where there is no light and a written (or in digital format) refusal from the Administration responsible for street lighting.

Who is responsible for street lighting in towns and villages?

As a rule, street lighting is not always adequately financed in the budget of towns and villages. Installing lights along every road is an expensive and often shelved task. Every year a plan is formed to equip the streets with lanterns and the local Administration considers it in accordance with the budget. It is obligatory to install lamps at crossroads where the danger of an accident is most likely, next to administrative and educational buildings.

Maintenance is the responsibility of the district department of Energy Sales, but the control of the proper performance of its duties lies with the local municipality. It would be more correct to apply there orally, simply by calling or in writing, filling out the same complaint.

Outcome

Summarizing all of the above, we draw one simple conclusion - the Administration is responsible for the illumination on the streets of our cities and towns, and it is from it that there should be a demand for the absence or insufficient illumination of the streets.