Temperature standards in residential premises during the heating season. The temperature regime in the apartment is the norm (SanPiN)

In winter bad weather, you often have to feel discomfort when you are in an apartment, associated with a clear lack of space heating. In this case, it becomes necessary to find a way out of the situation by contacting the services responsible for maintaining the optimal temperature regime in residential premises.

This moment becomes especially relevant if children or people with health problems live in the apartment. And the first question that arises when dealing with a similar problem is what should be the temperature in the room. In order to correctly navigate the situation and make an adequate decision, it is necessary to rely on existing regulations.

What determines the temperature regime in the apartment

The air temperature in the room depends not only on the influence of the human factor, but also on external weather conditions.

Climate influence

AT different regions external temperatures can vary significantly. Accordingly, the requirements for the norms of space heating in the southern and northern regions in autumn winter period will differ significantly.

Dependence on the season

During the summer season in high-rise buildings room temperature practically never low when it comes to middle latitudes and southern regions. On the contrary, on some days it may exceed optimal level, which should be within the limits not exceeding 25 degrees.

At night, the temperature in the house is slightly lower than during the day.

In winter, without heating, living quarters would be too cold, making it impossible to live in them. In the cold season, you have to rely on the work of utilities. Temperature standards should not be lower than 19 degrees for any region.

Comfortable temperature in the apartment

The feeling of comfort in the room is associated with the absence of overheating and hypothermia. At normal temperatures, a person should not feel the need to use warm clothes while in the apartment, but too high temperature readings are also unacceptable.

The concept of comfortable temperature in an apartment is determined not only by subjective feelings, but also by established hygiene standards. We will consider them below.

What temperature should be in the room in winter - the norm

Optimum temperature the air in the apartment in the winter should be designed for a safe stay indoors for people of all ages and various health conditions.

According to the accepted sanitary and hygienic parameters, the temperature norm in winter should be in the range from 19 to 21 degrees.

There are established standards for individual rooms of a residential building.

How many degrees should be in the house depends on which section of the apartment we are talking about.

It is customary to adhere to the following indicators:

Kitchen - recommended temperature - 19 - 21 degrees, maximum - 26 degrees, bathroom - 24 and 26, respectively, bedroom, hall - 20 and 24, corridor - 18 and 22. If it is necessary to check the compliance of these indicators with regulatory parameters, measurements should be carried out in a place where there are no drafts and the battery is not located close.

Hypothermia, symptoms and consequences

When the body becomes cold in the room, there is a feeling of chills. Increased drowsiness may develop, performance may decrease. There is a desire to wrap up, put on warm clothes. The fastest supercooled are small children and the elderly.

The consequence of hypothermia can be colds, problems with the heart and blood vessels.

Constantly low room temperature can adversely affect human health!

Overheating of the body, symptoms and consequences

Overheating of the body can occur when the temperature in the room exceeds the 25-degree mark. If you stay in a very warm room all the time, you may experience symptoms of heat stroke - nausea, dizziness, fainting.

Like hypothermia, children and the elderly are more susceptible to overheating. Overheating can cause serious problems with cardiovascular system, constant severe drowsiness, irritability, decreased immunity.

What to do if the temperature in the apartment is below normal in winter

If during the winter period the temperature in the room does not reach the established norm, it is necessary to contact the municipal service with a request to take temperature measurements in the room.

In case of confirmation of the fact of violation of temperature standards, the problem should be in without fail eliminated. If the utilities refuse to resolve this issue, you should contact the higher authorities.

One of the main tasks of the employer can be considered the provision of a favorable microclimate in the workplace.

However, many tenants do not comply with the temperature requirements, thereby violating the law.

What should be the temperature in the room according to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation?

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Is the employer obligated to monitor the temperature in the room?

Article 212 can answer this question, according to which the employer will be held administratively liable for sanitary work not carried out on time.

The list of these measures also includes compliance with the temperature regime established by the Sanitary Norms and Rules (SanPiN), as it is too low or vice versa heat can lead to a decrease in energy levels and, as a result, its performance.

Accordingly, if the employer evades this obligation, he violates the law and must be punished.

We can say that the employer is obliged to monitor the temperature during the entire working period.

Temperature regimes at different times of the year

The temperature in the room in the summer, according to the Labor Code, should not be higher than:

• 28 degrees Celsius for 8 hours of operation.
• 30 degrees Celsius for 5 hours of operation.
• 31 degrees Celsius for 3 hours of operation.
• 32 degrees Celsius for 2 hours of operation.
• 32.5 degrees Celsius for 1 hour of operation.

Working at temperatures above 32.5 degrees is considered dangerous. The employer has some way to avoid the heat, namely: install special equipment (air conditioners, fans) in the work premises or reduce the number of working hours by special order.

The room temperature in winter time according to the Labor Code, it should not fall below 20 degrees Celsius. If it does not meet the standards, the employer must install a heater in the workroom or reduce the number of working hours. Labor Code establishes the following temporary standards at low temperatures:

• no more than 7 hours of operation at 19 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 6 hours of operation at 18 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 5 hours of operation at 17 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 4 hours of operation at 16 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 3 hours of operation at 15 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 2 hours of operation at 14 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 1 hour of operation at 13 degrees Celsius.

Labor regulations have established that working at temperatures below 13 degrees Celsius is dangerous.

Summarizing the above data, we can say that the temperature in the room in summer period should not exceed 28 degrees Celsius, and in winter should not fall below 20 degrees Celsius.

What should an employee do if the employer does not comply with the temperature regime?

Salaried workers often face negligent attitude of the employer. What to do in such a case? There are several options:

• ask the employer to normalize the temperature with the help of equipment (air conditioning, heater)
• demand a reduction in hours of work in accordance with the regulations
• file a complaint with the CPS
• seek help from the labor inspectorate

With the last two options, a special check will be conducted at the place of work, during which it will be established whether an offense has been committed.

As a result, we can say that the employee has several legitimate methods of influencing.

What punishment threatens the employer for non-compliance with the temperature regime?

In accordance with the Code of Administrative Offenses, an employer who violates sanitary standards will be fined up to 20 thousand rubles, or his activity will be suspended for a certain period.

Housing and communal services enterprises are obliged to provide comfortable conditions in apartments, therefore, in winter, the dwelling should be warm. Management companies do not always provide the prescribed temperature conditions in the premises. As a result, residents apartment buildings not only cold, but also forced to overpay for services of inadequate quality.

Let's look at ways to influence the management company.

The ideal temperature for humans

In the course of the research, the most acceptable living conditions for a person were determined. normal temperature in the apartment should be in the range from 21 to 25 degrees.

Such a large spread is explained by:

1. individual characteristics of the organism;
2. the age of the person;
3. his way of life;
4. floor.

The results of the research formed the basis of the adopted technical standards.

The current norms for the permissible temperature in the dwelling

Requirements for the temperature regime in housing are established in GOST R 51617-2000. This document provides for differentiated indicators, taking into account the season and the purpose of the premises in the apartment. Permissible the temperature norm in the apartment during the heating season is in the range from 18 to 25 degrees.

The following indicators have been established for individual parts of apartments and common areas:

• for a living room from 18 to 24 degrees;
• for the bathroom at least 24 - 26 degrees;
• for the kitchen from 18 to 19 degrees (this is due to the heating devices located on it);
• for children's rooms, the norm is from 21 to 24 degrees (for babies, a higher temperature is optimal, and for older children, closer to the lower limit);
• for the rest of the premises in the apartment, the norm is in the range of 18 - 22 degrees;
• for landing from 14 to 20 degrees;
• for the corridor between apartments from 16 to 22 degrees.

The air temperature in the apartment can deviate from the norm by no more than 3 degrees. With regard to the living room, the discrepancy is allowed only from midnight to 5 in the morning.

If the apartment is corner, then the minimum temperature bar rises by 2 degrees, since the room has 2 walls facing the street.

Battery operation parameters and the procedure for measuring their temperature

To determine whether the temperature in the apartment is allowed by law during the winter, it is necessary to check the operation of the batteries. They should be periodically monitored to establish the reasonableness of utility tariffs.

There are no regulations governing the minimum temperature of radiators. At the same time, the maximum battery heating limit is set, defined in SNiP 41-01-2003.

• If the heating system is two-pipe, then the radiator should not heat up more than 95 degrees.
• When the system is single pipe, the limit is 115 degrees.

To establish deviations from the permissible temperature norm and achieve recalculation, it is necessary to measure the temperature of the radiators in one of the following ways:

1. applying a standard electronic thermometer to the surface of the battery (in this case, it is necessary to add no more than 2 degrees to the readings);
2. using a heat meter that perceives infrared radiation;
3. using an alcohol-type thermometer (during measurements, it must be isolated from the environment).

Any of the devices used must have a certificate and a passport, which contains the rules for use and error characteristics.

Measurement of temperature in the apartment

Violations can be detected by fixing the temperature in the apartment. Measurements should be carried out, observing a number of rules:

• it is necessary to fix the temperature on a cloudy day so that the sun does not heat the air;
• if doors, windows or walls are not airtight, then it is required to restrict the air flow;
• measurements are carried out in 2 rooms (except for apartments with a single living space);
• temperature is fixed at a distance of at least half a meter from outer wall and heating appliances and not lower than 60 cm from the floor;
• as in establishing compliance with the permissible battery temperature in the apartment, you should use a certified device that has a passport.

Watch the video about temperature standards:

Actions when deviations are detected

Having found a discrepancy between the temperature regime in the housing and the current standards, it is necessary to contact the management company. She must send a brigade to determine the reasons for the lack of heat.

If the source of the problem is not found, then you need to contact the housing and communal services operator with an application for measurements. The organization will check and draw up an act in which it will record the testimony received. Before signing the document, you should familiarize yourself with the equipment used and the test results.

The next step will be to send an act and a claim to eliminate the problems found and recalculate the cost of services already provided.

If the management company refuses to comply with the requirements, then it is necessary to go to court. To do this, it is required to collect all copies of documents (acts, statements and claims) that were exchanged between a citizen and a housing and communal services operator.

The plaintiff has the right to demand a reduction in the cost of services rendered by 0.15% for each hour of the period when the permissible temperature norm was not observed. Practice shows that it is possible to achieve the return of overpaid services only by initiating legal proceedings.

For expert commentary, ask questions below

According to GOST 30494-96, which determines the parameters of the microclimate in residential and public spaces, during the cold season optimal values air temperatures in the kitchen and toilet are considered to be 19-21°C, in the bathroom and combined bathroom - 24-26°C, in the bedroom and other living rooms intended for recreation and study - 20-22°C, in the lobby and storerooms - 16-18°C. However, in areas with low temperatures reaching -31°C and below, heating of rooms up to 21-23°C is provided. Acceptable standards for a comfortable stay in living rooms are considered values ​​within 18-24 ° C, for the kitchen, toilet and bathroom this indicator varies in the range of 18-26 ° C, for the pantry - 12-22 ° C. And in areas with low temperatures, heating of residential premises up to 20-24 ° C is allowed.

In the warm season, the optimal air temperature for living rooms and rest rooms is considered to be a range of values ​​​​equal to 22-25 ° C, but fluctuations within 20-28 ° C are also acceptable. At night, the temperature difference can be no more than 3 degrees.

The optimum temperature for a child's room is 23°C. It is advisable to keep the air temperature at the same level at all times using heating appliances so that during dressing and sleeping the baby, he did not get cold. It is recommended to maintain a high humid air using special humidifiers.

What to do if the apartment is too cold

Start of the heating season in apartment buildings occurs when the air temperature in the street drops below + 8 ° C. Utilities Compare average daily temperatures within five days. Apartments must be heated. The law allows minor interruptions in heating for 24 hours, while a one-time shutdown of heating cannot exceed 16 hours if the air temperature in residential premises is from 12 to 22 degrees.

If the apartment is too cold or too hot, tenants have the right to file a written complaint and send it to the emergency dispatch service. The document is assigned a registration number. Further, utilities are required to inspect the premises and draw up an act on the basis of which it is possible to recalculate utility bills. If technical supervisors identify gross violations, utilities are required to correct the situation within 2-7 days, otherwise, utility bills are recalculated per apartment according to the footage of apartments.

The degree of air heating in residential premises is set at state level. But often responsible persons or organizations violate the norms, which leads to a deterioration in living conditions. An unsatisfactory state is given as an argument engineering communications or extreme weather conditions.

In this case, you need to know what temperature should be in your apartment in winter according to all standards. Deviation from the current standards for documentation is a violation.

First you need to familiarize yourself with the content of the current acts, GOSTs and SNiPs. These documents indicate the norms for heating air in apartments, flights of stairs and utility rooms. They can also be used to draw up a reasoned application to the Housing Office or a similar control structure.

The following are currently in effect regulations regulating the temperature in apartments in winter:

• GOST 30494-96. It indicates the optimal characteristics of the microclimate for rooms of various categories. The main indicator of a negative change is the occurrence of discomfort.
• SNiPs 23-101-2004, 23-01-99, 31-01-03. They are used in the design of residential buildings and utilities. With their help, the heat supply system and its components are calculated.
• Decree of the State Construction Committee No. 170. Regulates the maximum possible temperature changes and their duration.

One of the arguments of the housing office workers may be the unsatisfactory degree of insulation of the outer walls or heat loss through window structures. If the temperature of the coolant is at the right level, other factors affecting the heating of the air are not included in the area of ​​responsibility Management Company(UK).

Temperature values ​​in apartments in winter

To check the heating of water in the pipes and the temperature in the batteries, it is necessary to invite representatives of the Criminal Code. Self-measurement will not have legal force, since for this you need to use trusted devices and follow the methodology. Alternatively, independent experts with appropriate SRO clearance can be hired.

According to the above standards, the temperature in the apartment in winter should correspond to the following values:

• in residential premises (living room, bedroom) - not lower than + 18 ° С;
• for corner apartment this indicator should be + 20 ° С;
• lobby and staircase– from +16°С and more.

In practice, during the check, it is not the temperature in the room that is controlled, but the degree of heating of the surface and pipes. The temperature of the water in the supply and return lines is measured. The normalized degree of heating depends on the temperature outside.

If the actual data does not match the normative, it is necessary to write an application to the Criminal Code. She is obliged to give an official answer within three working days and solve the problem. If this does not happen, you should contact the controlling organizations.

The amount of possible compensation

On the fact of unsatisfactory heat supply, the accounting department of the Criminal Code is obliged to recalculate. This is possible if the maximum allowable norms decrease in battery temperature. They are set out in Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354.

Breaks in heat supply in apartments:

• within one month - no more than one day in total;
• no more than 16 hours minimum temperature in the room +12°С;
• no more than 8 and 4 hours, if the degree of air heating does not exceed +10°C and +8°C, respectively.

In case of violation of these norms, the tariff is reduced for each hour by 0.15% of the base rate. The same penalty applies when the degree of water heating in the batteries decreases by 3 ° C or more.

To prove the violation, it is necessary to draw up an act of checking the heating system of the apartment. This can be done using the services of independent experts or representatives of the Criminal Code. In the latter case, it is necessary to monitor the actual readings of the instruments and the data entered in the inspection protocol.