Snip is the minimum temperature in the apartment in winter. The temperature in the apartment during the heating season. On the video about the norms of heating

Real temperature measurement

A comfortable microclimate in an apartment depends on several parameters, including air temperature. According to scientific calculations, it should be from +20 to +25 degrees Celsius. But for each person there are values that are optimal for a comfortable stay. Of course, the temperature regime depends on many nuances. In winter, this question becomes more relevant than ever, and residents of high-rise buildings immediately ask themselves the question - what should be the temperature of the batteries and air in the rooms?

Factors affecting temperature

First of all, external factors that affect the temperature in the apartment should be considered. It may differ:

Due to the general climatic features of the area.
Because of the change of season.
Due to the characteristics of each room.

Climatic subtleties

The norm of the temperature regime in the building varies depending on the specific area. For example, it will differ in the southern and northern regions, as well as in the eastern and western regions. The combination of factors such as atmospheric pressure and outdoor humidity also affects the determination of indoor temperature standards.

Depending on the change of season, the microclimate in the apartment may also differ. For example, in winter the temperature will not be very high, but in the summer it will increase significantly. For the European climate, the most acceptable temperature in the cold season is an average of +22 degrees, and in the hot season - +25 degrees Celsius. Such a difference seems insignificant, but with constant exposure it matters.

Human factor

The main purpose of regulating the temperature in an apartment is to create the greatest comfort for the people living there. Some feel good in the heat without even thinking about purchasing an air conditioner. And someone even in severe frost constantly opens the windows. But we must not forget that human needs do not always correspond to the established temperature standards. Hypothermia, as well as excessive overheating of the room, can have an extremely adverse effect on the well-being of people living in the apartment.

It is also worth considering the difference in temperature norms for males and females. It can differ by several degrees, since women are more thermophilic than men. Particular attention should be paid to the apartment in which a small child lives. He has not yet developed thermoregulation of the body, and he quickly overheats and freezes. Therefore, the temperature in the room for children should be stable, averaging +22 degrees.

Temperature in the rooms

Table of permissible norms

Depending on the purpose of the room, the established temperature norm also changes:

Rooms for rest and sleep. The optimum temperature is +18 degrees. It is she who will relieve insomnia and poor health.
Kitchen. This room involves the use of equipment that emits heat - a microwave oven, an electric kettle, an oven, etc. Therefore, too high an air temperature is inappropriate here.
Bathroom. Here the temperature should be within +25 degrees, since the humidity in this room is much higher than in other rooms, and people in it are usually naked. At low temperatures, dampness and discomfort will immediately be felt.
Children's. In this room, the temperature can fluctuate and depends on the age of the child. For a newborn, it should be +24 degrees, and for an older baby - +21–22.
Living rooms and other rooms for maximum comfort should have a temperature in the range of 19-21 degrees.

Do not forget that too much temperature difference should not be observed between different rooms of the same apartment. Ideally, 2 degrees is acceptable so that when moving within the house, a person does not feel this difference.

About well-being

Temperature regulator

Regardless of personal preferences, you should adhere to the temperature norm. This is especially true for hot summers and winters, when the temperature outside and in the apartment varies significantly. Otherwise, it can lead to overheating or severe hypothermia of the body, as well as cause cardiac problems.

Overheating of the body

Too hot atmosphere in the room creates favorable conditions for the spread of various bacteria. As a result, residents get infectious diseases.

Important! In conditions of extreme heat, a person loses moisture, the blood thickens, and the heart works hard, which can have bad consequences for people with cardiovascular problems.

In addition, dehydration due to too high heat values leads to excessive sweating and the person loses moisture. And this leads to serious violations of the water-electrolyte balance.

hypothermia

Children should not be cold

A similar process is possible in winter, when the temperature in the apartment drops sharply below +17 degrees due to poor-quality heating. In this case, the heat transfer of the body increases in the residents, and hypothermia occurs, which leads to the occurrence of acute respiratory diseases and problems with the nervous system.

This is especially dangerous for small children. Therefore, you need to be careful to maintain the established temperature standards in the room.

Temperature control

According to current sanitary standards, the temperature in an apartment or house should not be more than +22 degrees, and any deviation can adversely affect well-being. What to do if there are other indicators in your home, and how to achieve the creation of an optimal microclimate for residents?

In the past, the air temperature was regulated only by heating radiators. For additional heating, heating devices were used - as a rule, electric fireplaces, convectors with open incandescent spirals, and others. In order to make the air in the room cooler, the windows were opened, and the problem was solved.

Modern technologies have provided a person with a large selection of air conditioners and other devices that have functionality and provide comfort in the room. For example, the main function of split systems is not only cooling the air in the apartment, but also heating, dehumidification mode at too high humidity, ventilation, air purification and removal of extraneous odors.

Regulator mount

If we talk about the established sanitary standards, then the temperature of the batteries is not standardized. The main thing is that the apartments have the right air temperature, which differs slightly across the country depending on the climatic conditions of each area. As a rule, in winter it should be at least +20 degrees Celsius. If this indicator is lower, then the service for heating the house is of poor quality.

The owner is left with:

Require the elimination of defects in the provision of heating services.
Apply for a recalculation of payment for heating.
Quality insulate your apartment.
Purchase additional heaters.
Install independent heating of your apartment.

Conclusion

The organization providing services, that is, the housing office, the management company, etc., must ensure the standard temperature in the apartment. Therefore, in case of detection of poor-quality heating, it is necessary to notify these organizations and, if necessary, draw up an act.

If we are talking about a private residential building, then here it is necessary to consider the efficiency of the installed heating equipment, taking measures to increase the efficiency of the heater or changing the heating system.

Normal temperature in the winter in the apartment

All temperature standards in a residential area are determined and regulated by GOST 30494-2011 "Indoor microclimate parameters". First of all, the temperature should be comfortable for those who live in the apartment. Inside the dwelling, these norms are different, although there is an average temperature for the apartment.

Generally normal temperature is 20-22 degrees.

Naturally, the beginning of the heating season should begin long before the onset of frost, that is, a stable minus. "Heating" in the apartments begins before the onset of winter. This happens after the thermometer is not constantly less than +8 degrees. This air temperature should last five days. This will mean a steady onset of cold weather.

The end of the heating season is associated with an increase in temperature above 8 degrees. As soon as the heat lasts for at least 5 days, the heating is turned off.

How quickly the air in the apartment heats up depends both on its insulation and on the position of the corner rooms, as well as on the presence of cracks in windows and doors.

Despite this, there are temperature standards in the apartment according to GOST:

Living room
Kitchen- optimally 22-23 o C, 20 o C is acceptable;
Toilet- optimally 19-21 o C, 18 o C is acceptable;
Bathroom and shared bathroom- optimally 24-26 ° C, 18 ° C is acceptable;
Premises for rest and study- optimally 20-22 o C, 18 o C is acceptable;
Inter-apartment corridor- optimally 18-20 o C, 16 o C is acceptable;
lobby, stairwell- optimally 16-18 o C, 12 o C is acceptable;
Storerooms- optimally 16-18 o C, 14 o C is acceptable;

The temperature is measured at special points. The temperature cannot be checked close to the floor or ceiling, nor to walls or windows. Inspection standard: 1 meter from the outer wall, 1.5 m from the floor. In the event that there are deviations from these requirements, the payment for this service should be reduced by 0.15% per hour of non-compliance with these standards.

If there are deviations from the norm

If the temperature indicators should not be below the permissible level, then they can exceed the norm, but not more than 4 degrees. If the batteries do not warm up well, then you need to write a complaint to the DEZ with a request to check. The specialist who will perform the verification draws up 2 copies of the verification act, one of which will remain with the owner.

After that, the utility responsible for the situation must take measures to correct it. The measures are quite urgent and should be taken within 1-7 days from the date of signing the act. During the period of correction of violations, the standards change and the charges for the apartment are recalculated taking into account the area of \u200b\u200bhousing.

The heating service must be uninterrupted. Permissible breaks should not exceed 24 hours per month (this is in total). If the reduced temperature persists for a long time, then you need to call the control room. If a blockage is found during the inspection, it must be eliminated. In the case when the reasons are not found, you need to write a statement to the management company or housing and communal services.

Where else can you go:

prosecutor's office;
society for the protection of consumer rights;
housing inspection.

During the proceedings, it is necessary to present acts, statements with appeals, as well as copies of title documents.

On the video about the norms of heating

If you approach the process correctly, you can defend your rights. To do this, you will need a package of documents with evidence, legal advice and perseverance.

When it comes to paying utility bills, many tenants of apartment buildings complain that the temperature in their apartments was not up to standard in winter. As a result, consumers have to overpay for services that they did not receive in full.

This means that the temperature of the coolant in the heating radiators was below normal. To understand this issue, it is necessary to consider the standards that are developed by government agencies that operate throughout Russia in the winter season.

The heating season begins in autumn, when the air temperature outside the window drops below +8 °C. But this takes into account the fact that this indicator is kept for at least five days.

If there is an abrupt change, for example, two days +5 °C, one day +10 °C, the next two days +7 °C, then heating in apartment buildings is not switched on. Switching off is made when the thermometer rises above +8 °C. The same rules apply with a five-day condition.

Regulations

Heating standards are legalized, that is, their violation is followed by administrative or criminal punishment. All of them are determined by SNiPs, which is the law for public utilities. So, here is a list of the main norms in force for residential and non-residential premises in apartment buildings:

+18 °C in the living quarters of the apartment;
if the apartment is corner, then +20 °C;
in the kitchen, the temperature should be at least +18 ° C;
in the bathroom +25 °C;
on the staircase and in the lobby (if such a room is present) not lower than +16 °C;
in the elevator the temperature norm is +5 °C;
in the attic and in the basement +4°C.

How to take measurements correctly?

Measurement of the air temperature inside the residential premises of apartment buildings is done in certain places. From external walls at a distance of 1.0 m, from the floor at a height of 1.5 m. Control measurements are made every hour during the day. In this case, it is precisely the decrease in temperature from the standard that is taken into account. If this fact is confirmed, then apartment residents can pay for services less by 0.15%.

At the same time, an act of measurements taken is necessarily drawn up, one copy of which remains in the hands of the residents. Please note that the public utilities will correct all the shortcomings within a week, so do not disturb them and remind them every day.

There is one more point to which attention should be paid. If the temperature in the heating radiators was below the norm by 3 ° C during the day, and by 5 ° C at night, then the management company must recalculate utilities.

By the way, the amount of rent reduction will depend on the area of the apartment. And the more it is, the less you have to pay.

There is another standard on which the quality and comfort of living in an apartment of a multi-storey building depends - the frequency of air exchange. That is, there are certain indicators that are based on sanitary and hygienic standards, requiring that the air in the apartment constantly change.

In residential premises with an area of 18-20 m², air exchange should be 3 m³ / h per square meter. In kitchens, this figure is 60 m³ / h, this is if a hob with two burners is installed in it. If a three burner cooker is used then 75 m³/h and a four burner cooker 90 m³/h.

In the bathroom, this figure will depend entirely on its area. For example, an area of 25 m² - an air exchange rate of 25 m³ / h. If the same area, but in the bathroom, then 50 m³ / h. In the toilet 25 m³/h with an area of 16 m².

These two standards are related. It is impossible to ensure that the temperature in the apartment meets the standards, and air exchange is not taken into account. Or vice versa. Everything must be taken into account comprehensively. Only then it will be possible to talk about comfortable living conditions.

How to measure the temperature of the coolant?

Maybe not everyone knows, but the hot water that flows from the tap in the hot water supply system is the coolant flowing through the heating pipes.

The easy way

Therefore, if you want to check its temperature yourself, just use a thermometer to measure hot water poured, for example, into a glass.

Its temperature limits: 50-70 °C. Deviations can be, but only for an increase, and only by 4 degrees.

Measurement of the heating level of heating devices

There are other ways to measure temperature limits. To do this, you will have to measure this indicator for pipes or heating radiators. This can be done with an infrared thermometer-pyrometer or a conventional alcohol thermometer. In the second case, the measuring device is applied to the pipe or battery and covered with insulation.

Measurements with an electrothermometer

There is a more complex measuring device - an electric thermometer.

Its thermocouples are applied to the plane of a pipe or radiator, they are fixed and measured, including the “Measure temperature” function.

Instrument corrections

Usually each device has its own scale of deviations. For example, for alcohol - up to 2 ° C, for infrared - 0.5 ° C. Therefore, after carrying out all measurements, it is necessary to add 1-2 ° С to the obtained digital indicator.

What to do next?

If the result of the measurements taken does not suit you, and you think that the temperature of the coolant does not correspond to the norm, then you must write an application to the management company. A commission should come from her and take their measurements. All their actions must comply with the rules of GOST 30494-90 "Control Methods". At the same time, employees must use a measuring device that has been registered and has a quality certificate.

The device must meet certain technical specifications:

temperature range from +5 °С to +40 °С;
measurement error - 0.1 °С.

Temperature dependence

There is a certain dependence of the air temperature inside residential premises on the air temperature outside the window. This dependence determines the supply of coolant with a certain level of heating. During the heating season, this figure may change daily, or it may not change for months.

Gosstroy in 2003 issued a decree in which the temperature parameters of the coolant were precisely determined. Please note that they are taken into account only for the lower supply of hot water. Multiple positions:

air temperature outside +5 °C, in the heating circuit supply +50 °C, in the return +39 °C;
outdoors 0 °C, supply +65 °C, return +48 °C;
outside -5°C, supply +78°C, return +56°C.

Dependence on the type of system

And one more thing that determines the temperature regime. If a two-pipe heating system is installed in an apartment building, then the coolant temperature should be +95 ° С.

If the system is single-pipe, then the rate is increased to +105 ° C. But keep in mind that in corner apartments the air temperature index will still be lower.

What temperature should be in the apartment? The norm is 21-23 ° С, but there are small nuances.

Factors influencing the temperature in the apartment

First of all, let's take into account the external factors that affect the temperature in the apartment. Room temperature may vary due to:

Weather and climate
Change of seasons
Personal preferences of homeowners
Features of a particular room.

Depending on the change of season, the temperature in the apartment changes. In winter it will be lower than in summer if you do not use strong heating equipment. On average, for the European climate, the norm in the cold season is 19-22 ° C, and in the hot season - 22-25 ° C. The difference is not significant, but it matters with constant exposure.

Please note that the acceptable temperature depends on gender and age. For example, comfortable temperature differs for men and women by 2-3 degrees. Women are warmer than men.

Temperature in the nursery

It is best for small children to sleep in a cool room, at a temperature of 18 ° C. Ventilate the room before putting your baby to bed.

A newborn child is inactive, but processes associated with the expenditure of energy and work on maintaining heat are constantly taking place in his body. A newborn is usually fed every one and a half to two hours. At this moment, the child's gastrointestinal tract and urinary system are intensively working. As a result of natural processes, internal heat is released. The child may be hot. And in order to create conditions for normal heat exchange for it, you need to make the air temperature a little cool. A person has a useful property - no matter what air he inhales, he exhales it already heated to body temperature. It turns out that an infant, being in a cool room, can independently normalize heat transfer, spending excess energy on warming the air.

Room temperature for adults

Elderly people, on the contrary, often need warmth. For them, it is better to warm up the room to 24 ° C. If it's too cold outside, heat the room with an electric heater. But do not leave it on all night, as it dries the air a lot. Popular wisdom says that “the heat of the bones does not break,” but it is also harmful to be permanently warm. In a hot room, harmful bacteria, including molds, multiply. This threatens a person with lethargy and fatigue, and in case of overheating - a violation of the water and electrolyte balance.

Temperature in the bedroom

What temperature should be in the sleeping room? The bedroom should be cool. Maintain an air temperature of 16-18 ° C to sleep soundly and calmly. It is better to buy a warm blanket, but let the air always be a little cool. Ventilate the bedroom before going to bed. At a cool temperature, the hormone melatonin is produced, and fresh air generally has a positive effect on the physical condition of the body. Melatonin is responsible for sound sleep and promotes the smooth functioning of the immune system. Enjoy pleasant sleep in a cool environment, especially if there is someone nearby to keep you warm.

Temperature in the bathroom

The bathroom should be the warmest room in the house. Here the optimum temperature is 25 °C. It is also important to monitor the level of humidity. If the bathroom is too humid, then mold can appear on the walls and ceiling, which is harmful to health. Therefore, after you have taken a shower, leave the bathroom door open for at least 30 minutes.

What to do if the apartment is very cold?

The reasons for the low temperature at home may be old communications, errors when designing heat supply systems or during construction, low energy efficiency of the building, illiterate regulation of heat supply. In addition, combinations of these causes are possible. First of all, contact the housing and communal services, perhaps they will be able to help centrally. In a good scenario, the house will be repaired or the batteries in the apartment will be replaced. If help does not come, you will have to cope on your own. Get heaters, and if the budget is not enough, insulate windows by sealing them with strips of paper, cotton wool and paste.

Humidity in rooms

But if in the bathroom you have to be afraid of excessive humidity, then in other rooms, on the contrary, dryness. The optimal relative humidity is considered to be 40-60%. At lower readings, dryness of the skin and mucous membranes of the respiratory tract may be observed. In the winter, when batteries are working at their best, the problem of air humidity can be especially acute. The best option is to buy a humidifier, especially if you have small children. And if this is not possible, put bowls of water on the windowsills and start marsh plants that consume a lot of water.

How do you control the heat in your home? Tell in the comments!