Turn off ventilation and air conditioning. Shutdown of air conditioning systems in case of fire. Regulatory requirements? Shutdown of ventilation and air conditioning systems in case of fire

Why is it necessary to turn off ventilation and air conditioning systems?

Any object is served by engineering networks that branch out throughout its territory. Of course, one of the main systems are the units responsible for air conditioning and ventilation. We will not start a detailed conversation about their purpose. It is much more important to understand the principle of their interaction with the automatic, dispatching unit. As many have already guessed, we are talking about the OPS (security, fire fighting system). The fact is that in the event of a fire situation, turning off the ventilation system will prevent a complication of the situation. Speaking more plain language- an increase in the movement of the air flow and the supply of oxygen to the source of ignition will make it difficult to fight it.

But most main problem there will be a transformation of the ventilation ducts into " chimneys"! As a result of this, the smoke, moving along the main passages, will fill the rooms where there is no fire! This will greatly complicate the evacuation of people from the danger zone!

Types of shutdown of ventilation systems

That is why all modern security, fire fighting modules provide for shutting down the ventilation and air conditioning system in two ways:

• centralized type of shutdown of power units;
• selective shutdown.

Depending on the characteristics of the serviced object and its nature of activity, one of two types of dispatcher response may be appropriate. In some cases, it is preferable to choose an individual type of shutdown of the ventilation system. An example of such areas in a building are, for example:

• corridors of evacuation routes;
• vestibule - locks belonging to categories A and B;
• elevator, engine rooms of categories A and B;
• arcades and atriums in their lower part.

If emergency circumstances do not provide for the evacuation of people or expensive equipment, as well as with a real threat of fire spreading to neighboring ones with the possibility of an explosion, a centralized type of shutdown of the ventilation system is chosen.

The mechanism of the signal to turn off the power of ventilation and air conditioning systems

Signals to the air conditioning and ventilation units are sent from the central control room. Technically, the mechanism of such a signal is implemented in a complicated way. There is a break in the power supply circuit. This happens due to the release of the automatic assembly, which is mounted in the main SHR (switchboard). For a more accurate understanding of the nature of the occurrence of a deactivating signal, it is worth understanding that its formation occurs due to the work of the control, starting node of the installed fire system.

Article sent by: R600

I'm not going to give clear answers, I'm just thinking about this topic ...
1) ALL (!) Freons(!) upon contact with flames and hot surfaces (t>400 °C), they can decompose with the formation of highly toxic products, in particular phosgene, as well as hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids;
2) There is such a thing as thermal decomposition of freon, for example, R22 will thermally decompose when exposed through steel pipe within 1-5 seconds of temperature +280С. It follows that after a fire in the room where the indoor or outdoor units of the air conditioner are installed, or in the room through which the pipeline with refrigerant passes, it is necessary to check whether the refrigerant has decomposed, and even better, replace it immediately, due to clause 3 ...
3) Almost all refrigeration oils have a decomposition temperature in the range from +140 to +200 C, refrigeration oils are completely soluble with the refrigerant, therefore, in fact, the refrigerant with a certain oil content circulates through the system. Under the influence high temperature in a fire, the oil will decompose. Accordingly, it needs to be replaced.
4) Based on paragraphs. 2 and 3, it is impossible to operate the air conditioning system in case of fire, since it is highly likely to fail.
5) Since the air conditioning system is hermetic, it has a rigid relationship between pressure and temperature, the higher the temperature, the higher the pressure, if there is no safety valve, then in case of fire at the installation site of the outdoor unit (the receiver and condenser in which contain the main amount of refrigerant charged into the system), the vessel or apparatus will rupture, respectively. Gap indoor unit or pipelines are unlikely, but possible (for example, due to the poor quality of solder joints).
6) Room temperature +40-+42 C is not a reason to turn off the air conditioning system (for many countries this normal temperature outdoors, not indoors).

In general, on the topic of automatic shutdown at a temperature of + 42C -
In good ventilation equipment with built-in the automation system is necessarily wired. For example - the Swedish SWEGON. There, the reason for this temperature (+42C) is exactly the same as I said above. That is, the fan motor bearing grease is not designed for high temperature operation. Therefore, in order not to damage the bearing (and the engine), the automation monitors the temperature of the exhaust air (extracted from the room).

To be honest, the temperature limit of 40 degrees is embarrassing ... I have a lot of capacitors standing on the street, under direct sunbeams they warm up much higher than +40 C, this is probably not the reason ... All normal and high-quality fan motors (we don’t take China) have built-in thermal protection, respectively, it is configured at the factory (manufacturer of fans, not air conditioners) and in case of problems temperature should turn off the engine ... Something is not right after all with a protection of +40 C ...

what ventilation should be turned off in case of fire Greetings to all regular Readers of our site and colleagues in the shop! The topic and purpose of our article today is to clarify, with reference to a specific regulatory document, an important issue - which ventilation should be turned off in case of fire. Many have heard that ventilation is turned off in case of fire, and the hood is turned on so that the smoke leaves, and they ask - why is the exhaust ventilation turned off? She's supposed to remove the smoke, right? Therefore, many ordinary people do not understand and they do not turn off anything at all until the firemen fine and explain. So, in order to avoid a fine and clarifications after the fact, after the fine, let's discuss this issue now, on the shore. So, in a certain room there is a mounted system of automatic fire alarm and this alarm went off, generated a “Fire” signal. Accordingly, the warning system (SOUE) turned on - the sirens rang and the signs “Exit” flashed. In the same room there are forced general exchange supply and exhaust ventilation. What should happen to them? We read the appendix to the Federal Law-123 - the set of rules SP7.13130-2013, clause 6.24: 6.24. For buildings and premises equipped with automatic fire extinguishing installations and (or) automatic fire alarms, it should be provided automatic shutdown in case of fire of general ventilation systems, air conditioning and air heating(hereinafter - ventilation systems), as well as the closing of fire-fighting normally open valves. Shutdown of ventilation systems and closing of fire-fighting normally open valves should be carried out according to signals generated by automatic fire extinguishing installations and (or) automatic fire alarms, as well as when smoke ventilation systems are turned on in accordance with paragraph 7.19. The need for partial or complete shutdown of ventilation and closing systems fire dampers should be determined in accordance with technological requirements. The requirements of clause 6.24 do not apply to systems for supplying air to the airlocks of rooms of categories A and B. It seems to be written quite accurately and specifically - the engines of the general ventilation systems themselves should turn off, and the fire-retarding dampers should close in order to cut off the building compartment, in in which a fire occurred from other compartments and prevent the spread of fire factors through the ventilation ducts. If this is not done, then the communications of the stopped ventilation systems, which, like a web, connect the premises of the building to each other, will turn into chimneys, through which smoke will pour into the premises in which there were no fires, and, accordingly, this same smoke will make it difficult for people to evacuate from all premises of the building. Now let's clarify the reason why it is impossible to turn off the air supply systems to the vestibule locks of rooms of category A and B (see the text of the standard above). A tambour-lock with air inflow separates the premises of category A and B from other premises of the building. Air flow plays an important role - it is he who creates overpressure in the vestibule and does not allow the explosive atmosphere to penetrate from the premises of category A and B into other premises of the building. Therefore, if it is turned off, then there will be a danger of an explosion not only in the room itself of category A or B, but also in neighboring rooms, which is unacceptable. In view of the above, this paragraph is taken into account by the standard. Now, a moment about removing the smoke. Yes, indeed, there is a list of rooms in the building from which it is necessary to remove smoke, in accordance with the requirements of existing standards. These premises are described in the above-mentioned SP7.13130-2013, section 7, paragraph 7.2.: 7.2. Removal of combustion products in case of fire by exhaust smoke ventilation systems should be provided: a) from corridors and halls of residential, public, administrative and multifunctional buildings with a height of more than 28 m; b) from the corridors and pedestrian tunnels of the basement and ground floors residential, public, administrative, industrial and multifunctional buildings at the exits to these corridors (tunnels) from premises with a permanent stay of people; c) from corridors without natural ventilation in case of fire more than 15 m long in buildings with two or more floors: - production and storage categories A, B, C; - public and administrative-domestic; - multifunctional; d) from common corridors and halls of buildings for various purposes with smoke-free staircases; e) from atriums and passages; f) from each production or warehouse premises with permanent workplaces (and for high-rise rack storage - regardless of the presence of permanent workplaces), if these premises are classified as A, B, C1, C2, C3 in buildings of I - IV degrees fire resistance, as well as B4, D or D in buildings of the IV degree of fire resistance; g) from each room on the floors connected with smoke-free stairwells, or from each room without natural ventilation in case of fire: - area of ​​50 m2 or more with permanent or temporary stay of people (except emergencies) more than one person per 1 m2 of the area of ​​​​the premises not occupied by equipment and interior items (halls and foyers of theaters, cinemas, meeting rooms, meetings, lecture halls, restaurants, lobbies, cash halls, production halls, etc.); - trading floors of shops; - offices; - with an area of ​​50 m2 or more with permanent workplaces, intended for the storage or use of combustible substances and materials, including reading rooms and book depositories of libraries, exhibition halls, depositories and restoration workshops of museums and exhibition complexes, archives; - dressing rooms with an area of ​​200 m2 or more; - road, cable, switching with oil pipelines and technological tunnels, built-in and connected with underground floors of buildings for various purposes; h) car storage facilities of closed above-ground and underground car parks, separately located, built-in or attached to buildings for other purposes (with and without driver participation - using automated devices), as well as from isolated ramps of these car parks. It is allowed to design the removal of combustion products through an adjacent corridor from rooms up to 200 m2 in size: production categories B1, B2, B3, as well as those intended for the storage or use of combustible substances and materials. For shops and office space with an area of ​​​​not more than 800 m2 with a distance from the most remote part of the room to the nearest emergency exit of not more than 25 m, it is allowed to provide for the removal of combustion products through adjacent corridors, halls, recreations, atriums and passages. If there are premises at the facility described in the paragraph above, then smoke should be removed from these premises and for these purposes it is necessary to install a smoke ventilation system (in other words, a smoke exhaust system). Now, to make it clear, I will explain how the smoke exhaust system differs from the conventional system. exhaust ventilation and why the general exchange hood turns off from the “Fire” signal of the fire alarm system, and the smoke exhaust, on the contrary, turns on. It's all about the following. Four moments in general ventilation: 1. Air ducts of general ventilation are “stretched” throughout all the premises of the building and are connected in a certain exhaust shaft; 2. In air ducts for general ventilation, air ducts of non-standard metal thicknesses are often used, as well as flexible elements, perhaps not even metal, but made of polymer and other combustible materials; 3. The performance of the exhaust systems is not standardized and may not be able to cope with the flow of smoke, and for this reason, in part, the smoke can get into other rooms combined in a common ventilation system; 4.Emission height exhaust system general ventilation are not standardized, they are performed as necessary and there is a possibility negative consequences, due to the removal of smoke by such a system And now, the same points, but in relation to the smoke exhaust system: 1. The air ducts of the smoke exhaust system serve only a certain room from which it is necessary to remove smoke. If, due to technical necessity, air ducts pass through other premises, then the surface of the air duct is applied fire retardant coating (flame retardant or special fire retardant coating or structural protection); 2. The thickness of the air ducts of smoke exhaust systems is clearly regulated, flexible connectors from combustible materials are excluded; 3. The performance of smoke exhaust systems is calculated, in accordance with guidelines for the volume of a particular room; 4. The discharge height of the smoke exhaust system is strictly regulated by the norms. For the above reasons, general ventilation systems cannot be used to remove smoke. Now, the question of supply ventilation, which is switched on from the fire signal of the fire alarm. If we install a smoke exhaust system for any of the rooms from the list above, we must understand that it is impossible to endlessly suck out the smoky air from the room, since a vacuum will be created and this very vacuum must be compensated by an influx of air from outside. It is for this purpose that the standard provides for the need to organize a compensatory air flow into the premises from which smoke is removed. Here is paragraph SP7.13130-2013, paragraph 8.8.: 8.8. To compensate for the volumes of combustion products removed from rooms protected by an exhaust smoke ventilation, systems of forced smoke ventilation with natural or mechanical induction should be provided. For natural air inflow into the protected premises, openings in external enclosures or shafts with valves equipped with automatically and remotely controlled drives can be made. Openings should be at the bottom of the protected premises. Valve porches must be provided with means to prevent freezing during the cold season. For a compensating flow of outside air into the lower part of the atriums or passages, doorways of external evacuation exits can be used. The doors of such exits must be equipped with automatically and remotely controlled forced opening drives. Also forced ventilation in case of fire (air overpressure) is provided in order to organize excess pressure that prevents the spread of smoke to other rooms (floors) and to the evacuation routes of the building. In this case, air overpressure is organized in the premises, in accordance with SP7.13130-2013, clause 7.14 .: 7.14. The supply of outdoor air in case of fire by supply smoke ventilation systems should be provided for: a) in elevator shafts (if there are no tambour locks at their exits protected by supply smoke ventilation) installed in buildings with smoke-free staircases; b) in the elevator shafts with the “transportation of fire departments” mode, regardless of the purpose, the height of the above-ground and the depth of the underground part of the buildings and the presence of smoke-free staircases- providing for separate systems in accordance with GOST R 53296; c) in non-smokeable stairwells of type H2; d) in the vestibule locks with smoke-free staircases of type H3; e) to the tambour locks, located in pairs and in series at the exits from the elevators to the car storage rooms of the underground parking lots; f) to the vestibule locks with internal open staircases of the 2nd type leading to the premises of the first floor from the basement floor, in the premises of which combustible substances and materials are used or stored, from the basement floor with corridors without natural ventilation, as well as from the basement or underground floors. In smelting, foundry, rolling and other hot shops, air is allowed to be supplied to the air locks taken from the aerated spans of the building; g) in the vestibule locks at the entrances to the atriums and passages from the levels of the underground, basement and basement floors; i) in tambour locks with non-smokeable stairwells of type H2 in high-rise multifunctional buildings and complexes, in residential buildings with a height of more than 75 m, in public buildings over 50 m high; j) to the lower parts of atriums, passages and other premises protected by exhaust smoke ventilation systems - to compensate for the volumes of combustion products removed from them; k) in the tambour locks separating the premises for storing cars of closed above-ground and underground parking lots from premises for other purposes; m) into locks separating car storage rooms from isolated ramps of underground parking lots, or into air curtain nozzles installed above the gates of isolated ramps from the side of underground car storage rooms (as protection options that are equivalent in terms of technical efficiency); m) in the vestibule-locks at exits to the vestibules from smoke-free staircases of the H2 type, which communicate with the above-ground floors of buildings for various purposes; o) in the vestibule locks (elevator halls) at the exits from the elevators to the basement, basement, underground floors of buildings for various purposes; p) in the premises of safe zones. It is allowed to provide for the supply of outside air to create excess pressure in the common corridors of premises from which combustion products are directly removed, as well as in corridors connected with recreations, other corridors, halls, atriums, protected by exhaust smoke ventilation systems. For reasons similar to the impossibility of using exhaust general exchange systems for removing smoke, supply general exchange systems also cannot be used to organize air backwaters or compensatory backwaters in case of fire. There are specific requirements for air pressurization systems in case of fire, set out in SP7.13130-2013, clause 7.17. There is also a method for calculating the parameters of air boost systems for specific premises which must be followed exactly. In general, it should be noted that the fire fighting systems smoke exhaust and backwater must be designed and installed with a sufficiently accurate calculation, since the "discrepancy" of the system performance should not exceed 15%, in accordance with the normatively defined calculation. By the way, the amount of excess pressure on the evacuation door also depends on the accuracy of the calculation, since if this pressure is large enough, then due to the vacuum created, people in the evacuation process simply will not be able to open the evacuation door and run away to a safe area. This moment is also described in SP7.13130-2013, clause 7.16, "B": b) excess air pressure of at least 20 Pa and not more than 150 Pa in elevator shafts, in smoke-free stairwells of type H2, in tambour locks with floor entrances of smoke-free staircases of type H2 or type H3, in tambour locks at the entrances to atriums and passages from the levels of basement and basement floors relative to adjacent premises (corridors, halls), as well as in tambour locks separating car storage rooms from isolated ramps underground parking lots and from premises for other purposes, in elevator halls of underground and basement floors, in common corridors of premises from which combustion products are directly removed, and in premises of safe zones; Well, to complete the perception of the topic, I suggest that you carefully read the proposed algorithm for turning off and on ventilation systems, according to SP7.13130-2013, paragraph 7.20 .: 7.20. The actuating elements of smoke ventilation equipment should be controlled automatically (from an automatic fire alarm or automatic installations fire extinguishing) and remote (from the control panel of the dispatching personnel on duty and from the buttons installed at the emergency exits from the floors or in the fire cabinets) modes. Managed joint action systems is regulated depending on real fire situations, determined by the place of fire in the building - the location of the burning room on any of its floors. The predetermined sequence of operation of the systems should ensure that the exhaust smoke ventilation is switched on ahead of time from 20 to 30 s relative to the start of the supply smoke ventilation. In all options, it is required to turn off the general ventilation and air conditioning systems, taking into account the provisions (1). The required combination together operating systems and their total installed capacity, the maximum value of which must correspond to one of such combinations, should be determined depending on the smoke ventilation control algorithm, which is subject to mandatory development when performing calculations in accordance with paragraph 7.18. On this article “which ventilation should be turned off in case of fire”, I conclude, I hope the topic is disclosed in full and in detail, all the necessary links are provided and there should be no questions for those who carefully read the article. The publication of the article “which ventilation should be turned off in case of fire” in various Internet resources and the media is allowed only with the preservation of all the links listed below to our website. Read other publications on our website using the links.

I'll add my 5 kopecks to Baby Roo

Dear Baby Roo

For your:
"State expertise to turn off air conditioning systems requires"

It’s not Gods that work there, not even angels, and not computers…
People, people make mistakes.
For different reasons.
They do not deeply own ALL the boundless sea of ​​information.
Rush.
Steriopit.

Himself a sinner, he worked in one of the examinations.
The project was given 30-20 minutes along with writing the conclusion.
Projects naturally brought on a cart, volumes.
10-12 projects per day.
In terms of diversity and complexity - mother do not cry, as they say.

In norm, its essence sometimes there is no time to penetrate.

When, there, to understand, a SYSTEM, not a SYSTEM ... it is better not to miss an error than to miss it.

The GIP came and defended, if it mattered to him.
The item was removed, for which, of course, they did not stroke the head.
But there were very persistent and competent GUIs.

For information on the topic.
(From another thread).

Maybe it will help to work with a stupid expert.

Materials of the workshop
FGU "Glavgosexperza of Russia" June 9, 2009 on the application of the Technical Regulations on the requirements fire safety

For a high-quality examination and identification of all violations of technical requirements related to the object in question, high qualification is required, which is acquired in the course of many years practical work with regulatory documents and project documentation. Therefore, the reliability of the novice Expert Advisor is 0.16-0.2. To an acceptable level, the reliability of the expert's work increases within 10-12 years.
This is due to the presence of a large volume of conceptually complex and interconnected regulatory requirements, the number of which exceeds 60,000. With the introduction of codes of fire safety rules with a reduction in the number of regulatory documents, the number of regulatory requirements increases and they become more complicated. The vast possibilities of human long-term memory are leveled by limited possibilities random access memory, which provides professional activity under time pressure and information overload.
. The enormous possibilities of a person's long-term memory are leveled by the limited capabilities of operative memory, which ensures professional activity in conditions of time pressure and information overload.

Interpretation of fire safety requirements

In accordance with the provisions of Article.Article. 15, 18, 34, 55 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation; st.st. 1-3 Civil Code RF and Art. 4, 7 federal law"On technical regulation" requirements for the protection of property are interpreted as requirements for the protection of another's property.
In the presence of regulatory conflicts that cause irremovable doubts, fire safety requirements are interpreted in favor of the developer (customer).

1. Responsibility of experts
for poor-quality examination

Criminal liability occurs:
under article 169 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation "Obstruction of legitimate business activities", in cases of inclusion in the fire safety systems of objects of high-cost fire-fighting measures aimed at protecting the developer's own property, causing him harm in the form of lost profits, and violating the requirements of Art. 7 part 2 of the Federal Law "On technical regulation";
under article 293 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation "Negligence" in connection with Art.Article. 217 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation “Violation of safety rules at explosive facilities” and 219 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation “Violation of fire safety rules”, in cases of death of people or causing serious harm to their health in fires, if there is a causal relationship with specific violations of fire safety requirements.

Civil (property) liability arises in the presence of harm caused to the owner by the acquisition of an object with violations of fire safety requirements made during the design, examination and construction by organizations performing these works.

Administrative responsibility of the heads of examination bodies and their structural divisions under Article 3.11 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation “Disqualification” occurs based on the results of prosecutorial checks of complaints and statements legal entities and citizens, in cases of incorrect qualification of violations of fire safety requirements during the examination of project documentation.

2. Legal basis
application of fire safety requirements

Article 15 of the Constitution Russian Federation
1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation has the highest legal force, direct action and is applied throughout the Russian Federation, Laws and other legal acts adopted in the Russian Federation must not contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Article 18 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation
The rights and freedoms of man and citizen are directly applicable. They determine the meaning, content and application of laws, the activities of the legislative and executive authorities, local self-government and are provided with justice.

Article 34 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation
1. Everyone has the right to free use of their abilities and property for entrepreneurial and other purposes not prohibited by law. economic activity.

Article 54 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation
1. A law establishing or aggravating liability has no retroactive effect.
2. No one can be held responsible for an act that was not recognized as an offense at the time of its commission. If, after the offense has been committed, liability for it has been eliminated or mitigated, the new law shall apply.

Article 55 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation
3. The rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen may be limited by federal law only to the extent necessary to protect the foundations of the constitutional order, morality, health, rights and legitimate interests of other persons, to ensure the defense of the country and the security of the state.

Article 1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation
2. Civil rights may be restricted on the basis of a federal law and only to the extent necessary to protect the foundations of the constitutional order, morality, health, rights and legitimate interests of other persons, to ensure the defense of the country and the security of the state.

Article 2 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation
1. Civil legislation regulates relations between persons engaged in entrepreneurial activity, or with their participation, based on the fact that entrepreneurial activity is an independent activity carried out at one's own risk.

Article 3 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation
2. The norms of civil law contained in other laws must comply with this Code.

Articles 167, 168 and 219 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation provide for criminal liability only for the destruction of other people's property, as well as for violations of fire safety rules that caused serious harm to people's health or their death.

Article 14 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation
4. A guilty verdict cannot be based on assumptions.

Article 1.5 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses
4. Irremovable doubts about the guilt of a person brought to administrative responsibility shall be interpreted in favor of this person.

Article 3.12 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses
1. ... Administrative suspension of activities is applied by the court in the event of a threat to the life and health of people ... causing significant harm to the condition or quality environment ….

Article 7 of the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation"
2. The requirements of technical regulations cannot serve as an obstacle to the implementation of entrepreneurial activity to a greater extent than is the minimum necessary to achieve the goals specified in paragraph 1 of Article 6 of this Federal Law.

Article 6 of the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation"
1. Technical regulations are adopted in order to: protect the life or health of citizens, property of individuals or legal entities, state or municipal property;
protection of the environment, life or health of animals and plants; prevention of actions that mislead purchasers.
2. Adoption of technical regulations for other purposes is not allowed.

Greetings to all regular Readers of our site and colleagues in the shop! The topic and purpose of our article today is to clarify, with reference to a specific regulatory document, an important issue - which ventilation should be turned off in case of fire. Many have heard that ventilation is turned off in case of fire, and the hood is turned on so that the smoke leaves, and they ask - why is the exhaust ventilation turned off? She's supposed to remove the smoke, right? Therefore, many ordinary people do not understand and they do not turn off anything at all until the firemen fine and explain. So, in order to avoid a fine and clarifications after the fact, after the fine, let's discuss this issue now, on the shore.

So, in a certain room there is a mounted automatic fire alarm system and this alarm worked, generated a “Fire” signal. Accordingly, the warning system (SOUE) turned on - the sirens rang and the signs “Exit” flashed. In the same room there are forced general exchange supply and exhaust ventilation. What should happen to them? We read the appendix to the Federal Law-123 - the set of rules SP7.13130-2013, paragraph 6.24:

6.24. For buildings and premises equipped with automatic fire extinguishing installations and (or) automatic fire alarms, provision should be made for automatic shutdown of general ventilation, air conditioning and air heating systems (hereinafter referred to as ventilation systems) in case of fire, as well as closing of normally open fire dampers.

Shutdown of ventilation systems and closing of fire-fighting normally open valves should be carried out according to signals generated by automatic fire extinguishing installations and (or) automatic fire alarms, as well as when smoke ventilation systems are turned on in accordance with paragraph 7.19.

The need for partial or complete shutdown of ventilation systems and closing of fire dampers should be determined in accordance with technological requirements.

The requirements of clause 6.24 do not apply to systems for supplying air to air locks in rooms of categories A and B.

It seems that it is written quite accurately and specifically - the engines of the general ventilation systems themselves should turn off, as well as the fire-retarding valves should close in order to cut off the building compartment in which the fire occurred from other compartments and prevent the fire factors from spreading through the ventilation ducts. If this is not done, then the communications of the stopped ventilation systems, which, like a web, connect the premises of the building to each other, will turn into chimneys, through which smoke will pour into the premises in which there were no fires, and, accordingly, this same smoke will make it difficult for people to evacuate from all premises of the building. Now let's clarify the reason why it is impossible to turn off the air supply systems to the vestibule locks of rooms of category A and B (see the text of the standard above). A tambour-lock with air inflow separates the premises of category A and B from other premises of the building. The air inflow plays an important role - it is he who creates excess pressure in the airlock and does not allow the explosive atmosphere to penetrate from the premises of category A and B into other premises of the building. Therefore, if it is turned off, then there will be a danger of an explosion not only in the room itself of category A or B, but also in neighboring rooms, which is unacceptable. Given the above, this item is taken into account by the standard.

Now, a moment about removing the smoke. Yes, indeed, there is a list of rooms in the building from which it is necessary to remove smoke, in accordance with the requirements of existing standards. These premises are described in the above-mentioned SP7.13130-2013, section 7, clause 7.2.:

7.2. Removal of combustion products in case of fire by exhaust smoke ventilation systems should provide for:

a) from the corridors and halls of residential, public, administrative and multifunctional buildings with a height of more than 28 m;

b) from the corridors and pedestrian tunnels of the basement and basement floors of residential, public, administrative, domestic, industrial and multifunctional buildings at the exits to these corridors (tunnels) from premises with permanent residence of people;

c) from corridors without natural ventilation in case of fire more than 15 m long in buildings with two or more floors:

Production and warehouse categories A, B, C;

Public and administrative-domestic;

Multifunctional;

d) from common corridors and halls of buildings for various purposes with smoke-free staircases;

e) from atriums and passages;

f) from each production or warehouse premises with permanent workplaces (and for high-rise rack storage - regardless of the presence of permanent workplaces), if these premises are classified as A, B, C1, C2, C3 in buildings of I - IV degrees fire resistance, as well as B4, D or D in buildings of the IV degree of fire resistance;

g) from each room on the floors connected with smoke-free staircases, or from each room without natural ventilation in case of fire:

An area of ​​50 m2 or more with a permanent or temporary stay of people (except for emergencies) in the number of more than one person per 1 m2 of the area of ​​​​the premises not occupied by equipment and interior items (halls and foyers of theaters, cinemas, boardrooms, meetings, lecture audiences, restaurants, vestibules, cash halls, production halls, etc.);

Trading floors of shops;

Offices;

An area of ​​50 m2 or more with permanent workplaces, intended for the storage or use of combustible substances and materials, including reading rooms and book depositories of libraries, exhibition halls, depositories and restoration workshops of museums and exhibition complexes, archives;

Dressing rooms with an area of ​​200 m2 or more;

Road, cable, switching with oil pipelines and technological tunnels, built-in and connected with underground floors of buildings for various purposes;

h) car storage facilities of closed above-ground and underground car parks, separately located, built-in or attached to buildings for other purposes (with and without driver participation - using automated devices), as well as from isolated ramps of these car parks.

It is allowed to design the removal of combustion products through an adjacent corridor from rooms up to 200 m2 in size: production categories B1, B2, B3, as well as those intended for the storage or use of combustible substances and materials.

For trading floors and office premises with an area of ​​​​not more than 800 m2, with a distance from the most remote part of the premises to the nearest emergency exit of not more than 25 m, it is allowed to provide for the removal of combustion products through adjacent corridors, halls, recreations, atriums and passages.

If there are premises at the facility described in the paragraph above, then smoke should be removed from these premises and for these purposes it is necessary to install a smoke ventilation system (in other words, a smoke exhaust system). Now, to make it clear, I will explain how the smoke exhaust system differs from the conventional exhaust ventilation system and why the general exhaust hood turns off from the “Fire” signal of the fire alarm system, and the smoke exhaust, on the contrary, turns on. It's all about the following. Four points in general ventilation:

1. Air ducts for general ventilation are “stretched” throughout all the premises of the building and are connected in a kind of exhaust shaft;
2. In air ducts for general ventilation, air ducts of non-standard metal thicknesses are often used, as well as flexible elements, perhaps not even metal, but made of polymer and other combustible materials;
3. The performance of exhaust systems is not standardized and may not be able to cope with the flow of smoke, and for this reason, in part, the smoke may enter other rooms connected in a common ventilation system;
4. Emission heights of the exhaust system of general ventilation are not standardized, they are met as necessary and there is a possibility of negative consequences due to the removal of smoke by such a system

And now, the same points, but in relation to the smoke exhaust system:

1. The air ducts of the smoke extraction system serve only a certain room from which it is necessary to remove smoke. If, due to technical necessity, air ducts pass through other premises, then a fire retardant coating (fire retardant or special fire retardant coating or structural protection) is applied to the surface of the air duct;
2. The thickness of the air ducts of smoke exhaust systems is clearly regulated, flexible inserts made of combustible materials are excluded;
3. The performance of smoke exhaust systems is calculated in accordance with the guidelines for the volume of a particular room;
4. The height of the smoke exhaust system is strictly regulated by the standards.

For the above reasons, general ventilation systems cannot be used to remove smoke.

Now, the question of supply ventilation, which is switched on from the fire signal of the fire alarm. If we install a smoke exhaust system for any of the rooms from the list above, we must understand that it is impossible to endlessly suck out the smoky air from the room, since a vacuum will be created and this very vacuum must be compensated by an influx of air from outside. It is for this purpose that the standard provides for the need to organize a compensatory air flow into the premises from which smoke is removed. Here is paragraph SP7.13130-2013, paragraph 8.8.:

8.8. To compensate for the volumes of combustion products removed from rooms protected by exhaust smoke ventilation, supply smoke ventilation systems with natural or mechanical induction should be provided.

For natural air inflow into the protected premises, openings in external enclosures or shafts with valves equipped with automatically and remotely controlled drives can be made. Openings should be at the bottom of the protected premises. Valve porches must be provided with means to prevent freezing during the cold season. For a compensating flow of outside air into the lower part of the atriums or passages, doorways of external evacuation exits can be used. The doors of such exits must be equipped with automatically and remotely controlled forced opening drives.

Also, supply ventilation in case of fire (air overpressure) is provided in order to organize excess pressure that prevents the spread of smoke to other rooms (floors) and to the evacuation routes of the building. In this case, air overpressure is organized in the premises, in accordance with SP7.13130-2013, clause 7.14 .:

7.14. The supply of outdoor air in case of fire by supply smoke ventilation systems should be provided for:

a) into the elevator shafts (in the absence of vestibule locks at the exits from them, protected by supply smoke ventilation), installed in buildings with smoke-free staircases;

b) in the elevator shafts with the “transportation of fire departments” mode, regardless of the purpose, the height of the above-ground and the depth of the underground part of the buildings and the presence of smoke-free staircases in them - providing for separate systems in accordance with GOST R 53296;

c) in non-smokeable stairwells of type H2;

d) in the vestibule locks with smoke-free staircases of type H3;

e) to the tambour locks, located in pairs and in series at the exits from the elevators to the car storage rooms of the underground parking lots;

f) to the vestibule locks with internal open staircases of the 2nd type leading to the premises of the first floor from the basement floor, in the premises of which combustible substances and materials are used or stored, from the basement floor with corridors without natural ventilation, as well as from the basement or underground floors. In smelting, foundry, rolling and other hot shops, air is allowed to be supplied to the air locks taken from the aerated spans of the building;

g) in the vestibule locks at the entrances to the atriums and passages from the levels of the underground, basement and basement floors;

i) in tambour locks at non-smokeable staircases of type H2 in high-rise multifunctional buildings and complexes, in residential buildings with a height of more than 75 m, in public buildings with a height of more than 50 m;

j) to the lower parts of atriums, passages and other premises protected by exhaust smoke ventilation systems - to compensate for the volumes of combustion products removed from them;

k) in the tambour locks separating the premises for storing cars of closed above-ground and underground parking lots from premises for other purposes;

m) into locks separating car storage rooms from isolated ramps of underground parking lots, or into air curtain nozzles installed above the gates of isolated ramps from the side of underground car storage rooms (as protection options that are equivalent in terms of technical efficiency);

m) in the vestibule-locks at exits to the vestibules from smoke-free staircases of the H2 type, which communicate with the above-ground floors of buildings for various purposes;

P) in the vestibule locks (elevator halls) at the exits from the elevators to the basement, basement, underground floors of buildings for various purposes;

p) in the premises of safe zones.

It is allowed to provide for the supply of outside air to create excess pressure in the common corridors of premises from which combustion products are directly removed, as well as in corridors connected with recreations, other corridors, halls, atriums, protected by exhaust smoke ventilation systems.

For reasons similar to the impossibility of using exhaust general exchange systems for removing smoke, supply general exchange systems also cannot be used to organize air backwaters or compensatory backwaters in case of fire. There are specific requirements for air pressurization systems in case of fire, set out in SP7.13130-2013, clause 7.17. There is also a methodology for calculating the parameters of air overpressure systems for specific premises, which must be followed exactly.

In general, it should be noted that the listed fire smoke exhaust and backwater systems must be designed and installed with a fairly accurate calculation, since the "discrepancy" in the performance of the systems should not exceed 15%, in accordance with the normatively defined calculation. By the way, the amount of excess pressure on the evacuation door also depends on the accuracy of the calculation, since if this pressure is large enough, then due to the vacuum created, people in the evacuation process simply will not be able to open the evacuation door and run away to a safe area. This moment is also described in SP7.13130-2013, clause 7.16, "B":

b) excess air pressure of at least 20 Pa and not more than 150 Pa in elevator shafts, in smoke-free stairwells of type H2, in vestibule locks at floor-level entrances of smoke-free stairwells of type H2 or type H3, in vestibule locks at the entrances to atriums and passages from the levels of the basement and basement floors in relation to adjacent premises (corridors, halls), as well as in the vestibules separating the storage rooms for cars from isolated ramps of underground parking lots and from premises for other purposes, in elevator halls of the underground and basement floors, in common corridors premises from which combustion products are directly removed, and in premises of safe zones;

Well, to complete the perception of the topic, I suggest that you carefully read the proposed algorithm for turning off and on ventilation systems, according to SP7.13130-2013, clause 7.20 .:

7.20. Control of executive elements of smoke ventilation equipment should be carried out in automatic (from automatic fire alarm or automatic fire extinguishing installations) and remote (from the control panel of the dispatching personnel on duty and from buttons installed at emergency exits from the floors or in fire cabinets) modes. The controlled joint action of the systems is regulated depending on the real fire hazard situations determined by the place of fire in the building - the location of the burning room on any of its floors. The predetermined sequence of operation of the systems should ensure that the exhaust smoke ventilation is switched on ahead of time from 20 to 30 s relative to the start of the supply smoke ventilation. In all options, it is required to turn off the general ventilation and air conditioning systems, taking into account the provisions (1). The required combination of cooperating systems and their total installed power, the maximum value of which must correspond to one of such combinations, should be determined depending on the smoke ventilation control algorithm, which is subject to mandatory development when performing calculations in accordance with paragraph 7.18.

On this article “which ventilation should be turned off in case of fire”, I conclude, I hope the topic is disclosed in full and in detail, all the necessary links are provided and there should be no questions for those who carefully read the article. The publication of the article “which ventilation should be turned off in case of fire” in various Internet resources and the media is allowed only with the preservation of all the links listed below to our website. Read other publications on our website at the links:

- how many fire detectors should be installed in a compartment limited by beams of more than 0.4 meters?

How many fire detectors should be installed?

- fire detector on the wall

– smoke exhaust systems, compensation

– initial data for the design of fire safety systems

– shutdown of ventilation in case of fire

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