How to assemble a heating system in an apartment building. How is central heating arranged in a private and apartment building

Central heating in apartment building, cottage, private or country house and other buildings, designed for their high-quality heating. This happens with the help of one thermal center, in which heat generators or heat exchangers are located. They can be located both in a building, for example, in a boiler room or heating point, or outside it, for example, in the central heating station, thermal power plant or thermal power plant.

Central heating is divided into water, steam and air. Widespread in last years received and combined heating.

Central heating device of an apartment building

For heating apartment buildings, most commonly used water central heating, consisting of the following elements:

Entrance valves that cut off the house from the heating main. With their help, the pipeline is divided into the outer and inner parts. The employees of the thermal service are responsible for the serviceability of the first. Responsibility for the interior lies with the public utilities.
Inserts of pipes of hot heat supply on supply and return pipelines. With their help, water is distributed to heated towel rails located in the apartments.
A heating elevator, with the help of which, the water temperature is regulated in the system. This is possible due to the fact that in it hot water is mixed with the already cooled water from the return. The volume of the latter depends on the diameter of the passage opening of the elevator. It can be changed, which allows you to adjust the temperature of the water in.
House valves required for shutting off during the unheated period apartment building from the heat pipe.
Dumps - valves with the help of which, in case of repair, water is drained from the system.

Attention: Central heating in high-rise building, provides for the presence inside the building of special spills, which are pipes through which the coolant enters the vertical risers. If you live in an old Soviet five-story building, then in the basement there will be lower spills, from which risers come, connecting to each other in the attic or in the upper part of the building.

But similar view connection has a significant drawback. There is a high probability of freezing of the central heating coolant of an apartment building in winter if the water circulation is stopped. To avoid this, attention should be paid to their high-quality insulation. Air vents are usually located in the upper part of the building to discharge excess air. Quite often they are represented by the Mayevsky crane.

If you live in a nine-story building, then the spill will not be in the basement, but in the attic. This arrangement makes it possible to almost immediately distribute water through the risers when heating is started. There are no problems with air getting into the risers. This is a big advantage of the top spill over the bottom one.

Heating in-house appliances and temperature conditions

The type of batteries installed in the apartments depends on the year the building was built. If it was built in the Soviet era, then one of the following types of radiators will be installed in the apartments:

Steel convectors, having a metal case, in which there are coils of the DU-20 pipe and connected by a cross section.
Cast iron sectional batteries, which have not only a solid weight, but also a significant heat transfer. Each radiator has up to 150 watts. Their disadvantages include the risk of leaks and unattractive appearance.

The size of radiators or sections in them depends on which floor the apartment is located on and what type of coolant circulation in the house. For example, if it is upper, then the coolant, reaching the first floor, will lose its temperature. This means that in order for the heating of an apartment building to be efficient, in an apartment, if it is located on the lower floors, the number of sections should be increased or larger radiators should be installed.

In modern high-rise buildings, usually mounted bimetal radiators. Of course, if the heating system is water. Attention: Such radiators are made of aluminum and have excellent heat dissipation, which is approximately 200 watts per battery. But the cost of such radiators is quite high. But their effectiveness is also high. To a fairly common question - to install bimetallic batteries or not, the owner of the apartment must answer on his own, deciding for himself whether he is ready to "fork out" so that he has warmth.

The temperature regime in the apartments is indicated in the current regulation of SNiP. In the presence of central heating, it is:

bathroom - 25 degrees;
living rooms and bedroom - 20 degrees;
kitchen - 22 degrees;
corner rooms - 22 degrees.

Installed and Maximum temperature water in the pipes of the heating system. It should not exceed 95 degrees.

Centralized heating of an apartment building allows you to effectively heat the room, but at the same time, the temperature in the apartment is completely dependent on the operation of the boiler house and other external factors. In this, this system is significantly inferior, which is devoid of this drawback.

Central heating in a private house

The presence of central heating in a private house is quite common. It has a lot of advantages. The concept of central heating implies the presence of a coolant generator, the function of which is taken over by the central boiler room.

Connection

The connection of heating occurs after the conclusion of an appropriate agreement between the owner of the building and the organization providing this service. There are three options for connecting central heating to a private house:

dependent direct-flow circuit;
independent scheme;
dependent scheme with the installation of an elevator.

Each home heating scheme presented above has its own advantages and disadvantages, which must be taken into account.

Independent system

Quite often, it is used for heating private houses. It is ideal in cases where for some reason it is not possible to increase in heating system. Most often this happens for constructive reasons. In particular, if a residential building has a heating system consisting of plastic pipes, an independent circuit using a circulation pump will be required. In the house, the system can be filled from the water supply or from the heating plant using a special shut-off valve. But it must have an expansion tank.

dependent scheme

Central heating of a country or private house can also be carried out using a dependent scheme. But it requires the installation of a transitional device. This function is performed by an individual heating point with an elevator unit. The latter is designed to transfer heat energy. Indeed, in the central heating system, the temperature of the coolant is approximately + 150 degrees, while in the house itself, it should not be more than + 90 degrees.

Attention: It is the elevator that is responsible for lowering the temperature. It is worth noting that despite the temperature of +150 degrees, the water in the central system does not boil. This is prevented by high pressure.

The elevator is necessary to transfer heat from the main heating system. It, due to the presence of an injection nozzle, makes the speed of water movement in the home heating system much faster. Due to its presence, the water will be heated due to the ongoing partial mixing with the coolant from the central heating system, the temperature of which is very high. The elevator has a steel body with a mixing chamber inside it. It is also equipped with a nozzle, in the form of a narrowing hole.

Rapid mixing of water in the heating system of the house occurs due to its high speed at the outlet of the nozzle. Its rarefaction occurs behind the jet. Already cooled water from the return heating system enters this rarefied space.

In the presence of an elevator, you can also control the amount of consumed hot water. This is due to the ability to adjust the cross section of the nozzle. Management occurs by overlapping part of the hole with a “needle”, which has the form of a cone with a slight slope on top. It moves with the help of a special mechanism equipped with a control handle brought out to the outside. In proportion to the temperature of heating water, its consumption also changes when passing through the nozzle.

Also, the elevator simultaneously performs the role of a temperature controller, a mixer and a pump. These devices are quiet and reliable. Thanks to them, the dependent water circulation scheme is very popular.

Dependent once-through circuit

The simplest central heating scheme country house, is a dependent direct-flow. This system does not have mixers, expansion tank, mixer and other additional elements. It consists only of pipes and radiators. The system, even at high pressure and temperature, perfectly ensures the safety of the elements. But it also has a significant drawback. The temperature in a private house is completely dependent on the central boiler room.

Attention: plastic pipes, which are now in solid demand, should not be used with a dependent flow scheme.

Experts believe that of the three systems listed above, with the help of which central heating is produced in a cottage or in a private house, the most universal is the dependent one, which has an elevator. This is due to the fact that it does not require the use of a priming pump.

Despite the presence of some disadvantages, it is central heating that is the most common. With its help, you can effectively heat the apartment or a private house even in severe frosts.

An apartment in a high-rise building is an urban alternative to private houses, and a very large number of people live in apartments. The popularity of city apartments is not strange, because they have everything that a person needs for comfortable living: heating, sewerage and hot water supply. And if the last two points do not need special introduction, then the heating scheme high-rise building requires detailed consideration. From point of view design features, the centralized heating system in an apartment building has a number of differences from autonomous structures, which allows it to provide the house with thermal energy in the cold season.

Features of the heating system of apartment buildings

When installing heating in multi-storey buildings, it is necessary to without fail comply with the requirements established by the regulatory documentation, which include SNiP and GOST. These documents indicate that the heating structure should provide a constant temperature in the apartments within the range of 20-22 degrees, and the humidity should vary from 30 to 45 percent.

Despite the existence of standards, many houses, especially old ones, do not meet these indicators. If this is the case, then first of all you need to do the installation of thermal insulation and change the heating devices, and only then contact the heat supply company. The heating of a three-story house, the scheme of which is shown in the photo, can be cited as an example of a good heating scheme.

To achieve the required parameters, a complex design is used, requiring quality equipment. When creating a project for the heating system of an apartment building, specialists use all their knowledge to achieve an even distribution of heat in all sections of the heating main and create a comparable pressure on each tier of the building. One of the integral elements of the work of such a design is the work on a superheated coolant, which provides for the heating scheme of a three-story house or other skyscrapers.

How it works? Water comes directly from the thermal power plant and is heated to 130-150 degrees. In addition, the pressure is increased to 6-10 atmospheres, so the formation of steam is impossible - high pressure will drive water through all floors of the house without loss. The temperature of the liquid in the return pipeline in this case can reach 60-70 degrees. Of course, at different times of the year temperature regime may vary, since it is directly related to the ambient temperature.

Purpose and principle of operation of the elevator unit

It was said above that the water in the heating system high-rise building heats up to 130 degrees. But consumers do not need such a temperature, and it is absolutely pointless to heat the batteries to such a value, regardless of the number of floors: the heating system of a nine-story building in this case will not differ from any other. Everything is explained quite simply: the heating supply in multi-storey buildings is completed by a device that goes into the return circuit, which is called an elevator unit. What is the meaning of this node, and what functions are assigned to it?

warmed up high temperature the coolant enters the elevator unit, which, according to the principle of its operation, is similar to an injector-dispenser. It is after this process that the liquid carries out heat exchange. Leaving through the elevator nozzle, the high-pressure coolant exits through the return line.

In addition, through the same channel, the liquid enters the heating system for recirculation. All these processes together make it possible to mix the coolant, bringing it to optimum temperature, which is enough to heat all apartments. Usage elevator node in the scheme allows you to provide the highest quality heating in high-rise buildings, regardless of the number of storeys.

Design features of the heating circuit

There are different valves in the heating circuit behind the elevator unit. Their role cannot be underestimated, since they make it possible to regulate heating in individual entrances or in the whole house. Most often, the adjustment of the valves is carried out manually by employees of the heat supply company, if such a need arises.

AT modern buildings often used additional elements, such as collectors, heat meters for batteries and other equipment. In recent years, almost every heating system in high-rise buildings is equipped with automation to minimize human intervention in the operation of the structure (read: "Weather-dependent automation of heating systems - about automation and controllers for boilers with examples"). All the details described allow you to achieve better performance, increase efficiency and make it possible to more evenly distribute thermal energy for all apartments.

Piping in a multi-storey building

As a rule, in multi-storey buildings, a single-pipe wiring diagram with top or bottom filling is used. The location of the forward and return pipes can vary depending on many factors, including even the region where the building is located. For example, the heating scheme in a five-story building will be structurally different from heating in three-story buildings.

When designing a heating system, all these factors are taken into account, and the most successful scheme is created that allows you to bring all the parameters to the maximum. The project may involve various options pouring the coolant: from the bottom up or vice versa. In some houses, universal risers are installed, which ensure the rotation of the movement of the coolant.

Types of radiators for heating apartment buildings

In multi-storey buildings, there is no single rule that allows the use of a specific type of radiator, so the choice is not particularly limited. The heating scheme of a multi-storey building is quite versatile and has a good balance between temperature and pressure.

The main models of radiators used in apartments include the following devices:

Cast iron batteries. Often used even in the most modern buildings. They are cheap and very easy to install: as a rule, apartment owners install this type of radiator on their own.
Steel heaters. This option is a logical continuation of the development of new heating devices. Being more modern, steel heating panels demonstrate good aesthetic qualities, are quite reliable and practical. Very well combined with the regulating elements of the heating system. Experts agree that it is steel batteries that can be called optimal when used in apartments.
Aluminum and bimetallic batteries. Products made of aluminum are very much appreciated by the owners of private houses and apartments. Aluminum batteries have the most best performance, when compared with previous options: excellent external data, low weight and compactness are perfectly combined with high operational characteristics. The only disadvantage of these devices, which often scares off buyers, is the high cost. Nevertheless, experts do not recommend saving on heating and believe that such an investment will pay off pretty quickly.

Conclusion

The correct choice of batteries for a centralized heating system depends on the performance indicators that are inherent in the coolant in the area. Knowing the rate of cooling of the coolant and the themes of its movement, it is possible to calculate required amount radiator sections, its dimensions and material. Do not forget that when replacing heating devices, it is necessary to follow all the rules, since their violation can lead to defects in the system, and then the heating in the wall of the panel house will not perform its functions.

Fulfill repair work in the heating system of an apartment building on its own is also not recommended, especially if it is heating within the walls of a panel house: practice shows that residents of houses, without having the appropriate knowledge, are able to throw away important element system, deeming it unnecessary.

Centralized heating systems demonstrate good qualities, but they need to be constantly maintained in working condition, and for this you need to monitor many indicators, including thermal insulation, equipment wear and regular replacement of spent elements.

Owning an apartment in the city is a luxury item. It is also comfort and coziness for its owners, as city apartment is the most common place to live among modern citizens. It should be noted that an important role in creating a comfortable environment in such an apartment is good system heating. The heating scheme of a multi-storey building is very important detail for any person.

In modern life, such a scheme has many design differences from conventional ways heating. Therefore, heating schemes for a three-story house and more guarantee effective heating of the walls even in the most unpredictable weather.

Features of heating an apartment in a multi-storey building

After carefully reading the instructions for the heating scheme of a multi-storey building, you can make sure that all norms and requirements must be observed without fail.

In any apartment there should be appropriate heating, raising the air temperature to 22 degrees and keeping the humidity in the room within 40%.

The scheme of the heating system of an apartment building provides for its competent installation, thanks to which it is possible to achieve such a temperature and humidity.

In the process of designing such a heating scheme, highly qualified specialists should be invited who will be able to qualitatively calculate all the necessary aspects for work. They must also ensure that uniform pressure of the coolant is maintained in the pipes. Such pressure should be the same both on the first and on the last floor.

Main Feature modern system heating of a multi-storey building is manifested in work on overheated water. This coolant comes from the CHP and has a very high temperature - 150C with a pressure of up to 10 atmospheres. Steam is formed in the pipes due to the fact that the pressure in them rises greatly, which also contributes to the transfer of heated water to the last houses of the high-rise building. Also, the heating scheme of a panel house assumes a considerable return temperature of 70C. In the warm and cold seasons, the water temperature can vary greatly, so the exact values \u200b\u200bwill depend solely on the characteristics of the environment.

As you know, the temperature of the coolant in the pipes that are installed in a multi-storey building reaches 130C. But such hot batteries in modern apartments simply do not exist, and all due to the fact that there is a supply line through which heated water passes, and the line is connected to the return line using a special jumper called "elevator node".

The heating system of a multi-storey building, the scheme, which is the most efficient, in any case, should provide for the presence of an elevator unit.

Such a scheme has many features, since such a node is designed to perform certain functions. The coolant with a high temperature must enter the elevator unit, which performs the main function of heat exchange. The water reaches a high temperature and with the help high pressure passes through the elevator to inject the coolant from the return. In parallel, water is also supplied from the pipeline for recirculation, which occurs in the heating system.

Such a 5-storey building is the most efficient, therefore it is actively installed in modern multi-storey buildings.

This is how heating in an apartment building looks like, the scheme of which provides for the presence of an elevator unit. On it you can see many valves that play an important role in heating and uniform heat supply.

As a rule, such valves are manually adjusted without problems. But the adjustment of valves, as a rule, is carried out only by highly qualified specialists who work in public services.

When installing heating in an apartment building, the scheme should also provide for the presence of such valves at all possible points so that in the event of an accident it is possible to shut off the flow of hot water or reduce pressure. This is also facilitated by various collectors and other equipment that operates in automatic mode. Therefore, this technique provides greater heating performance and efficiency of its supply to the last floors.

A large number of multi-storey buildings have one-pipe heating systems, which involve lower wiring. It is worth noting that the design of the high-rise building itself and many other aspects that may affect the heating scheme are also taken into account.

Depending on these aspects, the coolant can be supplied both from top to bottom and from bottom to top. Some houses have special risers that act as a supplier of hot water up and cold down. Therefore, in many apartments, cast-iron batteries are installed, which are very resistant to temperature extremes.

Residents of city apartments are usually not interested in how the heating works in their house. The need for such knowledge may arise when the owners wish to increase comfort in the house or improve the aesthetic appearance of engineering equipment. For those who are going to start repairs, we will briefly talk about the heating systems of an apartment building.

Types of heating systems for apartment buildings

Depending on the structure, characteristics of the coolant and piping layouts, the heating of an apartment building is divided into following types:

According to the location of the heat source

Apartment heating system, in which the gas boiler is installed in the kitchen or in a separate room. Some inconveniences and investments in equipment are more than offset by the ability to turn on and regulate heating at your discretion, as well as low operating costs due to the absence of losses in heating mains. If you have your own boiler, there are practically no restrictions on the reconstruction of the system. If, for example, the owners wish to replace the batteries with warm water floors, there are no technical obstacles to this.
Individual heating, in which its own boiler room serves one house or residential complex. Such solutions are found both in the old housing stock (stokers) and in new luxury housing, where the community of residents decides when to start heating season.
Central heating in an apartment building is most common in typical housing.

The device of central heating of an apartment building, heat transfer from the CHP is carried out through a local heat point.

According to the characteristics of the coolant

Water heating, water is used as a heat carrier. In modern housing with apartment or individual heating, there are economical low-temperature (low-potential) systems, where the temperature of the coolant does not exceed 65 ºС. But in most cases and in all typical houses, the coolant has a design temperature in the range of 85-105 ºС.
Steam heating of an apartment in an apartment building (water vapor circulates in the system) has a number of significant drawbacks; it has not been used in new houses for a long time, the old housing stock is being transferred to water systems everywhere.

According to the wiring diagram

The main heating schemes in apartment buildings:

Single-pipe - both the supply and return selection of the coolant to the heating devices is carried out along one line. Such a system is found in "Stalinka" and "Khrushchev". It has a serious drawback: the radiators are arranged in series and, due to the cooling of the coolant in them, the heating temperature of the batteries drops as they move away from the heat point. In order to maintain heat transfer, the number of sections increases in the direction of the coolant. In a pure one-pipe circuit, it is impossible to install control devices. It is not recommended to change the configuration of the pipes, install radiators of a different type and size, otherwise the operation of the system may be seriously impaired.
"Leningradka" - an improved version single pipe system, which, due to the connection of thermal devices through a bypass, reduces their mutual influence. You can install regulating (non-automatic) devices on radiators, replace the radiator with a different type, but with a similar capacity and power.

The two-pipe heating scheme of an apartment building has become widely used in Brezhnevka, and is still popular to this day. The supply and return lines are separated in it, so the coolant at the entrances to all apartments and radiators has almost the same temperature, replacing radiators with a different type and even volume does not significantly affect the operation of other devices. Batteries can be equipped with control devices, including automatic ones.

On the left - an improved version of the one-pipe scheme (analogous to the "Leningrad"), on the right - a two-pipe version. The latter provides more comfortable conditions, precise regulation and gives more opportunities for replacing the radiator.

The beam scheme is used in modern non-standard housing. The devices are connected in parallel, their mutual influence is minimal. Wiring, as a rule, is carried out in the floor, which allows you to free the walls from pipes. When installing control devices, including automatic ones, it is ensured accurate dosing the amount of heat in the rooms. Technically, both partial and complete replacement heating systems in an apartment building with a ray scheme within an apartment with a significant change in its configuration.

With a beam scheme, the supply and return lines enter the apartment, and the wiring is carried out in parallel by separate circuits through the collector. Pipes are usually placed in the floor, radiators are connected neatly and discreetly from below

Replacement, transfer and selection of radiators in an apartment building

We will make a reservation that any changes in apartment heating in an apartment building must be coordinated with the executive bodies and operating organizations.

We have already mentioned that fundamental possibility replacement and transfer of radiators due to the scheme. How to choose the right radiator for an apartment building? Consider the following:

First of all, the radiator must withstand pressure, which is higher in an apartment building than in a private one. The greater the number of floors, the higher the test pressure can be, it can reach 10 atm, and in high-rise buildings even 15 atm. The exact value can be obtained from the local operating company. Not all radiators sold on the market have the corresponding characteristics. A significant part of aluminum and many steel radiators are not suitable for an apartment building.
Is it possible and how much to change thermal power radiator, depends on the applied scheme. But in any case, the heat transfer of the device must be calculated. For one typical section of a cast-iron battery, the heat transfer is 0.16 kW at a coolant temperature of 85 ºС. Multiplying the number of sections by this value, we get the thermal power of the existing battery. Characteristics of the new heater can be found in its technical data sheet. Panel radiators are not assembled from sections, they have fixed dimensions and power.

Average heat transfer data various types radiators, may vary depending on the specific model

The material also matters. Central heating in an apartment building is often characterized by poor quality of the coolant. Traditional cast-iron batteries are the least sensitive to pollution, and aluminum batteries react the worst to aggressive environments. Bimetallic radiators showed themselves well.

Installing a heat meter

A heat meter can be installed without problems with a beam wiring diagram in an apartment. As a rule, in modern houses already have metering devices. As for the existing housing stock with standard heating systems, this is not always possible. This depends on the specific scheme and configuration of pipelines, advice can be obtained from the local operating organization.

An apartment heat meter can be installed with a beam and two-pipe wiring diagram, if a separate branch goes to the apartment

If it is not possible to install a metering device for the entire apartment, compact heat meters can be placed on each of the radiators.

An alternative to an apartment meter is heat meters placed directly on each of the radiators

Note that the installation of metering devices, the replacement of radiators, and other changes to the heating device in an apartment building require prior approval and must be carried out by specialists representing an organization that has a license to carry out the relevant work.

Video: how heating is supplied in an apartment building

District heating systems for apartment buildings were created in accordance with the projects. Therefore, you can learn literally everything about heating an apartment and the whole house if you find a project and understand it to the last screw.

Next, let's take a look at what heating solutions are commonly used in apartment buildings and how they affect the quality of heating in apartments. And also, how issues related to the repair and operation of pipes, batteries and the entire central heating system of a high-rise apartment building are resolved in practice

Why are you interested in the heating scheme of a high-rise building

The heating system of a multi-storey building can be of concern in several cases, for example:

When replacing a radiator in an apartment, the question arises - how to turn off the riser, which radiator can be installed and how best ...
If you change the riser, then what pipes can be used?
When the heating does not work well, it is natural to ask - why? - can be adjusted, even independently ...
If you want to organize your own boiler room together with other residents, then how to do it ...
When installing a heat meter, in what place of the system should it be inserted?

But without the approval of the ZhEKa, no action is taken with centralized heating. And such actions are performed, usually only by specialists of the same service organization.

What schemes are found in apartment buildings

Heating projects for entire districts from a central heating plant are always individual and depend on the housing stock. Usually, one boiler house was equipped for 1 microdistrict, but this is not a rule, both very large thermal power plants and small boiler houses were built.

But heating wiring for high-rise buildings built in the Soviet era, as a rule, is typical. Single-pipe schemes for connecting radiators were used, where one pipe was vertical riser. The risers, of which there were many per house, were connected in parallel to the supply heat main, and thus found themselves in approximately the same hydraulic conditions.

An approximate diagram of a vertical single tube is shown in the figure.
It should be noted that there are up to 18 radiators on one pipe.

The correct schemes for connecting radiators are using a parallel bypass.

Scheme of connecting a radiator in an apartment with a single-pipe wiring around the house.

Turning off one radiator (drip!) will not affect the heating in other apartments due to the presence of a bypass. In addition, the balancing valve allows you to dampen the radiator at will.

But single tubes have a well-known drawback - the last radiators in the ring are cooler. How did you deal with it?

Features of heating in apartment buildings

To prevent the radiators on the upper floors from being too cold, a high coolant velocity must be set in the riser, which equalizes the temperatures on the supply and return. In centralized heating systems, they were able to make it so that the temperature along the riser turned out to be without a significant difference for users. And no one struggled with an increase in the area of \u200b\u200bradiators with the equalization of heat transfer.

A centralized heating system is characterized by a high coolant velocity, up to the limit of noise in the pipes. Hence and big power pumps and high pressure drop.
The second feature is a large total pressure in system. Filling was carried out from the bottom point, and in order to raise the coolant to the 9th floor, it was necessary to create an appropriate pressure, up to 12 atm.
The next feature is the high temperature of the coolant - poor thermal insulation, heat leakage, ownerlessness of the energy resource, often made it possible for public utilities to solve the tasks “heat in houses” by simply winding up the flow and raising the temperature above the norm, even above 100 degrees C at elevated pressure.

All this places its own demands on radiators and pipes.

What pipes and radiators to use in a multi-storey building

All high-rise buildings in Soviet times were equipped with steel pipes and cast-iron radiators. Now there is a choice. Other types of pipes and radiators are more practical, cheaper, and more durable.

But it is unacceptable to make a choice on your own, when replacing a radiator in an apartment, without coordination with the Housing Office. Moreover, disassembling the riser and changing pipes - this will be done only by specialists.

Basically, Zhekovsky specialists solder PN30 foam 25 mm (outer diameter) with aluminum reinforcement, despite the fact that its limiting temperature is still +95 degrees, and in the central it can be even more ... Now PN25 has already appeared with similar characteristics.

Possible application metal-plastic pipes for connecting radiators in a multi-storey building - by decision of the service network. Applicable diameter is mainly 20 mm (outside).

When replacing a radiator, the employees of the housing office will oblige to create a circuit with two shutdown valves and a bypass parallel to the radiator.

When replacing a radiator in an apartment

The model, dimensions (heat transfer) of the radiator are agreed with the specialists of the service organization.
The riser is turned off, the liquid is drained.
Usually old steel pipes are cut off, since it is not possible to unscrew the threaded connections. More often, radiators are changed along with pipes, the types of pipes used are also agreed with the Housing Office.
The radiator is hung on a regular mount, supplied with plugs, ball valves, Mayevsky crane.
The radiator is connected to the riser with pipes according to the bypass scheme.

Why is it cold on the upper floors

If the coolant speed is reduced, the temperature is also reduced, then it will be cold in the houses, this will especially affect the upper floors, where radiators are often the last in the ring. This happens both for technical reasons, due to overgrowth of pipes, wear and tear of equipment, and organizational ones.

Fuel is now expensive, and it is not known at what level of command, its allocated amount has halved, but the result is impressive - half of the prescribed coal, fuel oil, gas gets into the furnace. And the heating network specialists were asked to "get out" and redistribute heat, "find methods". As a result, part of the pumps is turned off, replaced, the boiler is turned off, the valves are tightened, and artificial “equipment wear” is created.

Another option for poor heating performance in a multi-storey building is that radiators do not heat. In any basement of a multi-storey building, adjustment options are possible when any riser will heat poorly - the scheme is very complicated. The problem may lie in the lack of worthy personnel in the organization, as a result of which the network is simply not established.

But the way out of the situation can be found only in ordeals for local organizations. Or creations for small house own boiler house in agreement with the authorities. Or switch to individual heating in the apartment.

Features in new buildings

Nowadays, more and more people are switching to modern projects heating. Two-tubes are used in the wiring, as a result of which energy losses on the movement of the coolant are reduced. Scheme of connecting a radiator in an apartment with a two-pipe heating system.

Such projects now include other materials, instead of steel, PEX is used, including reinforced with aluminum. Radiators with a minimum pressure of 16 atm, with a lower (concealed) supply.

The latest achievement is individual wiring for a separate apartment. Risers of two pipes designed for the whole apartment. The wiring around the apartment can be done as you like, but usually according to the projects, the location of the risers is such that it is convenient to make a beam pattern from the central collectors, while the pipes are laid under a false floor.

This makes it possible to install floor convectors under the balcony blocks.
Also - individual heat meter for an apartment.

But in the arrays of old buildings, with centralized system heating an apartment building, this is not achievable. They use the benefits that the housing office has established.

Option for installing heating in a modern apartment of a multi-storey building

Connection to the central heating riser (individual boiler) of the heating network of the entire apartment is carried out at one point, from which the wiring to the radiators goes.
Pipes are placed in the floor, the design of which allows this. Radiators with bottom connection and floor convectors are used.
A beam scheme for turning on radiators is preferable, in which only solid pipe sections are placed under the floor - from the central manifold to each heater.
In the case of using a passing, dead-end scheme, all hidden branching of pipes can only be performed with non-removable compression fittings, using proprietary tools.
Fittings and pipes from only one manufacturer are allowed for concealed installation. Soldered pipes for concealed installation are not allowed.