The principle of operation and the scheme of the elevator heating unit - features of operation. How to assemble an elevator heating unit: theory and practice of using equipment
What it is - the elevator unit of the heating system, is not clearly understood by every consumer. In domestic climatic conditions, it is difficult to imagine a home without a source of heating. The system in question allows you to optimize heating, unlike the stove counterpart, which could not heat the floor, due to significant care warm air up. Let's try to understand the intricacies of elevator equipment and its advantages.
General information
Since technical development does not stand still, specialists have designed water system heating. Here it is appropriate to ask the question: "What is the elevator unit of the heating system?". It is a design that allows you to heat the air in the room, regardless of the height of the ceilings and the total area of the rooms.
In a private house, owners most often use the type individual heating. In apartments, as a rule, a central system is operated. Next, we will consider what an elevator block is, what functions it performs.
heating unit?
The unit in question is a device included in the heating unit, which performs the options of a jet or injection pump. The main task of such a modification is to increase the pressure inside the operating heating structure. Simply put, the elevator system pumps the coolant through the system, while simultaneously increasing its volume.
The following example will help to understand what this elevator unit of the heating system is:
- When supplied from the main water supply, about 5 cubic meters coolant fluids.
- The production system is already receiving twice as much material.
- Increasing feed and volume are predominantly related to ordinary physical laws.
- First of all, keep in mind that the elevator in the thermal system is a connection to the central ones where the main thermal power plant is operated under pressure or in the boiler room.
Principle of operation
The operation of the elevator unit of the heating system is to supply water that moves through the pipeline. In winter, the temperature of the liquid can reach 150 degrees Celsius. Despite the fact that the degree of boiling is 100 degrees, one of the laws of physics plays an additional role in the operation of the system. At the considered temperature, water begins to boil only if it is in an open tank without applying additional pressure. Since there is an additional load in the pipeline, the liquid circulates more actively with the help of pumping equipment. In this regard, boiling does not occur even when critical values \u200b\u200bare exceeded.
Peculiarities
Elevator node the heating system, the photo of which is presented below, at a temperature of 150 degrees cannot work efficiently. There are a number of prerequisites for this:
- Cast iron does not like thermal extremes. If the apartment uses radiators made of such material, in this case it is subject to deformation and failure. Failure can reach the point of complete destruction of the battery.
- Excessive temperature also actively heats metal radiators, which can result in burns.
- Modern binding of fixtures is made of plastic, which can withstand a maximum of 90 degrees. At 150 degrees - it will just start to melt.
- To cool the main hearth, just the elevator is used.
purpose
The purpose of the elevator assembly in the heating system is to lower the temperature of the fluid used in the structure. After passing through this node, a coolant of normal temperature enters the dwelling. As it turned out, elevators are necessary in order to lower the water temperature for heating systems.
The process itself is quite simple. The device includes a working chamber where hot water and liquid coming from the return circuit are mixed. This solution makes it possible to obtain a sufficient amount of coolant without excessive water consumption.
Service
Next, consider the features of maintenance of the elevator unit of the heating system. What is it, discussed above. During the operation of the system, certain losses in liquid temperatures occur. At the same time, it should be taken into account that the water supply is carried out through a nozzle with a reduced diameter, in contrast to the dimensions of the hot water pipeline. The increase in the speed of fluid movement is provided by pressure, which makes it possible to provide all risers with coolant. This design guarantees uniform heating of rooms, regardless of the presence or absence of a distribution block.
The numbers of elevator units of the heating system require proper maintenance. Some workers simply remove the nozzle and install metal shutters that are responsible for manually adjusting the rate of water flow. This is not the worst option, it is much more problematic to operate the system without them.
AT similar situation dwellings in the immediate vicinity of the system will receive an excessive amount of heat, even in the most severe frost, residents will have to ventilate the apartment. And in rooms located far from the interchange, on the contrary, it will be cold. People will have to use additional sources of heating. In fact, the culprit is improper maintenance of the system.
Exploitation
The principle of operation of the elevator unit of the heating system is more understandable when studying the diagram. It makes it possible to understand that the design performs the option of two devices at once: a circulation pump and a mixer.
The device configuration is as simple as possible, but quite effective. The system has an affordable price, does not require connection For efficient operation, certain rules must be observed, namely:
- In terms of forward and reverse circulation, a pressure of about 0.9-2.0 bar should be maintained.
- The temperature regime of the output liquid cannot be adjusted.
- All parts of the fixture must fit exactly, which requires appropriate calculations.
Despite some operational difficulties, the elevator assembly of the heating system, the dimensions of which require proper adjustment, is quite popular in the utility industry and has a high efficiency rate. The final results of the construction work are absolutely not affected by differences in thermal and hydraulic parameters. The block does not need constant supervision, and its adjustment is carried out by the correct selection of the nozzle size.
Main malfunctions
Most often, in the node under consideration, breakdowns occur due to the failure of the device itself. This may be due to a change in nozzle diameter or clogging. In addition, fittings, mud collectors may be deformed, or the settings of the regulatory elements may be lost.
It's easy to spot the error. The main sign of a breakdown is the presence of temperature differences before and after connecting to the system. In the case of a significant difference in indicators, we can safely talk about violations in the operation of the unit. If the difference in parameters is not very significant, the problem is most likely a clogged nozzle. For repairs, it is better to use the services of specialists, since self-intervention can lead to a worsening of the situation.
Other problems
To remove clogged nozzle, it is removed mechanically and thoroughly cleaned with a rag and brush. If the diameter of this element changes due to the presence of rust, the operation of the heating system will be disrupted. At the same time, the rooms in the lower part high-rise building will overheat, and the upper apartments will experience a lack of heat. The only way to solve the problem is to replace the nozzle.
Heating system pressure gauges are mounted in front of and behind the sump. If the instruments show a significant pressure drop, this indicates a clogged dirt cleaning element. The malfunction is eliminated by removing contaminants through the release valves located at the bottom of the assembly. If it is impossible to solve the problem in this way, the sump is disassembled and cleaned.
In conclusion
A home heating system with a simple elevator system is not the most perfect design. Such an assembly is difficult to adjust, often requiring disassembly and replacement of the injection type nozzle. The best option is considered to be an installation with the possibility of automatic adjustment of elements that make it possible to mix the coolant in a specific range.
Provision of residential buildings and public buildings heat is one of the main tasks of municipal services of cities and towns. Modern heat supply systems are complex complexes that included heat suppliers (CHP or boiler houses), an extensive network of main pipelines, special distribution heat points, from which there are branches to end consumers.
However, the coolant supplied through the pipes to the buildings does not directly enter the intra-house network and the end points of heat exchange - heating radiators. Each house has its own heating unit, in which the corresponding adjustment of the pressure level and water temperature is made. There are special devices that perform this task. AT recent times Increasingly, modern electronic equipment is being installed, which allows you to automatically control the necessary parameters and make appropriate adjustments. The cost of such complexes is very high, they directly depend on the stability of the power supply, therefore, organizations operating the housing stock often prefer the old proven scheme for local control of the temperature of the coolant at the entrance to the house network. And the main element of such a scheme is the elevator unit of the heating system.
The purpose of this article is to give an idea about the structure and principle of operation of the elevator itself, about its place in the system and the functions it performs. In addition, interested readers will receive a lesson on self-calculation of this node.
General brief information about heat supply systems
In order to correctly understand the importance of the elevator assembly, it is probably necessary to first briefly consider how central systems heat supply.
Thermal power plants or boiler houses are the source of thermal energy, in which the coolant is heated to the desired temperature through the use of one or another type of fuel (coal, oil products, natural gas, etc.) From there, the coolant is pumped through pipes to consumption points.
A thermal power plant or a large boiler house is designed to provide heat to a certain area, sometimes with a very large area. Piping systems are very long and branched. How to minimize heat losses and evenly distribute it among consumers, so that, for example, the buildings most remote from the CHPP do not experience shortages in it? This is achieved by careful thermal insulation of thermal lines and maintaining a certain thermal regime in them.
In practice, several theoretically calculated and practically tested temperature conditions for the functioning of boiler houses are used, which provide both heat transfer over long distances without significant losses, and maximum efficiency, and the efficiency of the boiler equipment. So, for example, modes 150/70, 130/70, 95/70 are applied (water temperature in the supply line / temperature in the "return"). The choice of a specific mode depends on the climatic zone of the region and on the specific level of the current winter temperature air.
1 - Boiler or CHP.
2 – Consumers of thermal energy.
3 - Hot coolant supply line.
4 - The return line.
5 and 6 - Branches from highways to buildings - consumers.
7 - in-house heat distribution units.
From the supply and return lines, there are branches to each building connected to this network. But here questions immediately arise.
- Firstly, different objects require different amounts of heat - you can’t compare, for example, a huge residential skyscraper and a small low-rise building.
- Secondly, the temperature of the water in the pipeline does not meet the permissible standards for supplying directly to heat exchangers. As can be seen from the above regimes, the temperature very often even exceeds the boiling point, and water is maintained in a liquid state of aggregation only due to high pressure and tightness of the system.
The use of such critical temperatures in heated rooms is unacceptable. And the point is not only in the redundancy of the supply of thermal energy - it is extremely dangerous. Any contact with batteries heated to such a level will cause a severe tissue burn, and in the event of even a slight depressurization, the coolant instantly turns into hot steam, which can lead to very serious consequences.
The right choice of heating radiators is extremely important!
Not all radiators are the same. The point is not only and not so much in the material of manufacture and appearance. They can differ significantly in their performance characteristics, adaptation to a particular heating system.
How to properly approach
Thus, at the local heating unit of the house, it is necessary to reduce the temperature and pressure to the calculated operating levels, while ensuring the required heat extraction, sufficient for the heating needs of a particular building. This role is performed by special heating equipment. As already mentioned, these can be modern automated complexes, but very often the proven scheme of the elevator unit is preferred.
If you look at the thermal distribution point of the building (most often they are located in the basement, at the entry point of the main heating networks), you can see a node in which the jumper between the supply and return pipes is clearly visible. It is here that the elevator itself stands, the device and the principle of operation will be described below.
How the heating elevator is arranged and works
Externally, the heating elevator itself is a cast-iron or steel structure, equipped with three flanges for tapping into the system.
Let's look at its structure inside.
Superheated water from the heating main enters the elevator inlet pipe (pos. 1). Moving forward under pressure, it passes through a narrow nozzle (pos. 2). Sharp rise the flow velocity at the nozzle exit leads to the injection effect - a rarefaction zone is created in the receiving chamber (pos. 3). According to the laws of thermodynamics and hydraulics, water is literally "sucked" into this area of \u200b\u200blow pressure from the pipe (pos. 4) connected to the "return" pipe. As a result, hot and cooled flows are mixed in the mixing neck of the elevator (pos. 5), the water receives the temperature necessary for the internal network, the pressure is reduced to a level that is safe for heat exchangers, and then the coolant through the diffuser (pos. 6) enters the internal wiring system .
In addition to lowering the temperature, the injector acts as a kind of pump - it creates t t the required pressure of water, which is necessary to ensure its circulation in the house wiring, with overcoming the hydraulic resistance of the system.
As you can see, the system is extremely simple, but very effective, which causes it wide application even in the face of competition with modern high-tech equipment.
Of course, the elevator needs a certain strapping. An approximate diagram of the elevator unit is shown in the diagram:
Heated water from the heat main enters through the supply pipe (pos. 1), and returns to it through the return pipe (pos. 2). The intra-house system can be disconnected from the main pipes using valves (pos. 3). The entire assembly of individual parts and devices is carried out using flange connections (pos. 4).
The control equipment is very sensitive to the purity of the coolant, therefore, mud filters (pos. 5), straight or "oblique" type, are mounted at the inlet and outlet of the system. They settle in t solid insoluble inclusions and dirt trapped in the pipe cavity. Mud collectors are periodically cleaned from collected sediments.
Filters - "mud collectors", direct (bottom) and "oblique" type
In certain areas of the node, control and measuring devices are installed. These are pressure gauges (pos. 6) that allow you to control the level of fluid pressure in the pipes. If at the inlet the pressure can reach 12 atmospheres, then already at the outlet of the elevator unit it is much lower, and depends on the number of storeys of the building and the number of heat exchange points in it.
There are necessarily temperature sensors - thermometers (pos. 7), which control the temperature level of the coolant: at the inlet of their central - t c, entrance to inside house system – t s, on the "returns" of the system and the control panel - t wasps and t ots.
Next, the elevator itself is installed (pos. 8). The rules for its installation require the obligatory presence of a straight section of the pipeline of at least 250 mm. With one inlet pipe, it is connected through a flange to the supply pipe from the central, the opposite - to the pipe of the house wiring (pos. 11). The lower branch pipe with a flange is connected through a jumper (pos. 9) to the "exhaust" pipe (pos. 12).
For preventive or emergency repair work, valves (pos. 10) are provided that completely disconnect the elevator unit from the house network. Not shown in the diagram, but in practice there are always special elements for drainage - drain water from the domestic system, if necessary.
Of course, the diagram is given in a very simplified form, but it fully reflects the basic structure of the elevator unit. Broad arrows show the directions of coolant flows with different temperature levels.
The indisputable advantages of using an elevator unit to control the temperature and pressure of the coolant are:
- Simplicity of a design at non-failure operation.
- Low cost of components and their installation.
- Complete energy independence of such equipment.
- The use of elevator units and heat metering devices makes it possible to achieve savings in the consumption of the consumed heat carrier up to 30%.
There are, of course, very significant drawbacks:
- Each system requires an individual calculation to select the required elevator.
- The need for a mandatory pressure drop at the inlet and outlet.
- The impossibility of precise smooth adjustments with the current change in the system parameters.
The last drawback is rather arbitrary, since in practice elevators are often used, which provide for the possibility of changing its performance.
To do this, a special needle is installed in the receiving chamber with a nozzle (pos. 1) - a cone-shaped rod (pos. 2), which reduces the cross section of the nozzle. This rod in the kinematics block (pos. 3) through the rack and pinion gear (pos. 4 — 5) connected to the adjusting shaft (pos. 6). The rotation of the shaft causes the cone to move in the nozzle cavity, increasing or decreasing the clearance for the fluid to pass through. Accordingly, the operating parameters of the entire elevator assembly also change.
Depending on the level of system automation, various types of adjustable elevators can be used.
So, the transfer of rotation can be carried out manually - the responsible specialist monitors the readings of instrumentation and makes adjustments to the system, focusing on on the carried near the flywheel (handle) scale.
Another option is when the elevator assembly is tied to an electronic monitoring and control system. Readings are taken automatically, the control unit generates signals to transmit them to the servo drives, through which the rotation is transmitted to the kinematic mechanism of the adjustable elevator.
What you need to know about coolants?
In heating systems, especially in autonomous ones, not only water can be used as a heat carrier.
What qualities should it have, and how to choose it correctly - in a special publication of the portal.
Calculation and selection of the elevator of the heating system
As already mentioned, each building requires a certain amount of thermal energy. This means that a certain calculation of the elevator is necessary, based on the given operating conditions of the system.
The source data include:
- Temperature values:
- at the inlet of their heating plant;
- in the "return" of the heating plant;
- working value for the in-house heating system;
- in the return pipe of the system.
- The total amount of heat required to heat a particular house.
- Parameters characterizing the features of intra-house heating distribution.
The procedure for calculating the elevator is established by a special document - "The Code of Design Rules for the Design of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation", SP 41-101-95, relating specifically to the design of heat points. Calculation formulas are given in this regulatory guide, but they are quite “heavyweight”, and there is no particular need to present them in the article.
Those readers who are not interested in calculation issues can safely skip this section of the article. And for those who wish to independently calculate the elevator unit, we can recommend spending 10 ÷ 15 minutes of time to create your own calculator based on the SP formulas, which allows you to carry out exact counts literally in seconds.
Creating a Calculator for Calculation
To work, you will need the usual Excel application, which, probably, every user has - it is included in the basic Microsoft Office software package. Compiling a calculator will not be difficult even for those users who have never encountered elementary programming issues.
Consider step by step:
(if part of the text in the table goes beyond the frame, then there is an “engine” for horizontal scrolling below)
| Illustration | Brief description of the operation to be performed |
|---|---|
 | Open a new file (workbook) in the Microsoft Office Excel application. In a cell A1 type the text "Calculator for calculating the elevator of the heating system." Below in the cell A2 we collect "Initial data". Inscriptions can be "raised" by changing the weight, size or color of the font. |
 | Below there will be rows with cells for entering the initial data, on the basis of which the calculation of the elevator will be carried out. Fill cells with text A3 on A7: A3- "Temperature of the coolant, degrees C:" A4– “in the supply pipe of the heating plant” A5– “in the return line of the heating plant” A6– “necessary for the internal heating system” A7- "in the return line of the heating system" |
 | For clarity, you can skip the line, and below, in the cell A9 enter text " Required amount heat for the heating system, kW" |
 | Skip another line, and into the cell A11 we type in "The coefficient of resistance of the heating system of the house, m". To text from a column BUT not found on column AT, where data will be entered in the future, column BUT can be extended to the required width (shown by the arrow). |
 | Data entry area, from A2-B2 before A11-B11 can be selected and filled with color. So it will be different from another area where the results of calculations will be issued. |
 | Skip another line and enter in the cell A13"Calculation results:" You can highlight text in a different color. |
 | Next, the most important stage begins. In addition to entering text into column cells BUT, into adjacent cells of the column AT formulas are entered in accordance with which calculations will be carried out. Formulas should be transferred exactly as it will be indicated, without any extra spaces. Important: the formula is entered in the Russian keyboard layout, with the exception of cell names - they are entered exclusively in latin layout. In order not to make a mistake with this, in the examples of formulas, cell names will be highlighted in bold. So in a cell A14 we type the text "Temperature difference of the heating plant, degrees C". into a cell B14 enter the following expression =(B4-B5) It is more convenient to enter and control its correctness in the formula bar (green arrow). Don't be confused by what's in the box B14 some value immediately appeared (in this case, “0”, blue arrow), it’s just that the program immediately processes the formula, relying on empty input cells for the time being. |
 | Fill in the next line. In a cell A15- the text "Temperature difference of the heating system, degrees C", and in the cell B15- formula =(B6-B7) |
 | Next line. In a cell A16- text: "The required performance of the heating system, cubic meters / hour." Cell B16 must contain the following formula: =(3600*B9)/(4,19*970*B14) An error message will appear, “dividing by zero” - do not pay attention, this is simply because the initial data has not been entered. |
 | We go below. In a cell A17– text: “Elevator mixing ratio”. Next to the cell B17- formula: =(B4-B6)/(B6-B7) |
 | Next, cell A18- "Minimum head of the coolant in front of the elevator, m". Formula in a cell B18: =1,4*B11*(DEGREE((1+ B17);2)) Do not go astray with the number of brackets - this is important |
 | Next line. In a cell A19 text: "Elevator throat diameter, mm". Formula in a cell B18 next: \u003d 8.5 * DEGREE ((DEGREE ( B16;2)*POWER(1+ B17;2))/B11;0,25) |
 | And the last line of calculations. In a cell A20 the text “Elevator nozzle diameter, mm” is entered. In a cell IN 20- formula: \u003d 9.6 * DEGREE (DEGREE ( B16;2)/B18;0,25) |
 | In fact, the calculator is ready. You can only modernize it a little so that it is more convenient to use, and there is no risk of accidentally deleting the formula. First, let's select an area from A13-B13 before A20-B20, and fill it with a different color. The fill button is shown with an arrow. |
 | Now select a common area with A2-B2 on A20-B20. Drop down menu "boundaries"(shown by arrow) select item "all borders". Our table gets a slender frame with lines. |
 | Now we need to make it so that the values can be entered manually only in those cells that are intended for this (so as not to erase or accidentally break the formulas). Select a range of cells from AT 4 before AT 11(red arrows). We go to the menu "format"(green arrow) and select the item "cell format"(blue arrow). |
 | In the window that opens, select the last tab - “protection” and uncheck the box in the “protected cell” box. |
 | Now back to the menu "format", and select the item in it "protect sheet". |
 | A small window will appear in which you just need to click the button "OK". We simply ignore the offer to enter a password - in our document, such a degree of protection is not needed. Now you can be sure that there will be no failure - only the cells in the column are open for change AT in the value entry area. If you try to enter at least something into any other cells, a window will appear with a warning about the impossibility of such an operation. |
 | The calculator is ready. It remains only to save the file. - and he will always be ready for the calculation. |
It is not difficult to carry out a calculation in the created application. Just enough to fill known values input area - then the program will calculate everything automatically.
- The temperature of the supply and "return" in the heating plant can be found in the nearest heat point (boiler room) to the house.
- The required temperature of the heat carrier in the intra-house system largely depends on which heat exchangers are installed in the apartments.
- The temperature in the "return" pipe of the system is most often taken equal to that in the central.
- The need for a house in the total influx of thermal energy depends on the number of apartments, heat exchange points (radiators), the characteristics of the building - the degree of its insulation, the volume of the premises, the amount of total heat loss, etc. Usually these data are calculated in advance at the stage of designing a house or during the reconstruction of its heating system.
- The resistance coefficient of the internal heating circuit of the house is calculated using separate formulas, taking into account the characteristics of the system. However, it will not be a big mistake to take the average values shown in the table below:
| Types of apartment buildings | Coefficient value, m |
|---|---|
| Apartment buildings of old construction, with heating circuits made of steel pipes, without temperature and coolant flow controllers on risers and radiators. | 1 |
| Houses put into operation or in which major repairs were carried out in the period before 2012, with the installation polypropylene pipes for the heating system, without temperature and coolant flow controllers on risers and radiators | 3 ÷ 4 |
| Houses commissioned or after overhaul in the period after 2012, with the installation of polypropylene pipes for the heating system, without temperature and coolant flow controllers on risers and radiators. | 2 |
| The same, but with installed temperature and coolant flow control devices on risers and radiators | 4 ÷ 6 |
Calculations and selection of the desired elevator model
Let's try the calculator in action.
Let's assume that the temperature in the supply pipe of the heating plant is 135, and in the return pipe - 70 ° С. It is planned to maintain a temperature of 85 ° in the heating system of the house FROM, at the outlet - 70 ° С. For high-quality heating of all rooms is necessary thermal power at 80 kW. According to the table, it is determined that the drag coefficient is "1".
We substitute these values into the corresponding lines of the calculator, and immediately we get the necessary results:
As a result, we have data for the selection of the desired elevator model and the conditions for its correct operation. Thus, the required system performance was obtained - the amount of coolant pumped per unit time, the minimum head of the water column. And the most basic quantities are the diameters of the elevator nozzle and its neck (mixing chamber).
It is customary to round the nozzle diameter down to hundredths of a millimeter (in this case, 4.4 mm). The minimum diameter value should be 3 mm - otherwise the nozzle will simply clog quickly.
The calculator also allows you to "play" with the values, that is, to see how they will change when the initial parameters change. For example, if the temperature in the heating plant is lowered, say, to 110 degrees, then this will entail other parameters of the node.
As you can see, the diameter of the elevator nozzle is already 7.2 mm.
This makes it possible to choose a device with the most acceptable parameters, with a certain range of adjustments, or a set of replacement nozzles for a specific model.
Having calculated data, it is already possible to refer to the tables of manufacturers of such equipment to select the required version.
Usually in these tables, in addition to the calculated values, other parameters of the product are also given - its dimensions, flange dimensions, weight, etc.
For example, water jet steel elevators of the series 40s10bk:
Flanges: 1 - at the entrance 1— 1 - on the tie-in pipe from the "return", 1— 2 - at the exit.
2 - inlet pipe.
3 - removable nozzle.
4 - reception chamber.
5 – mixing neck.
7 - diffuser.
The main parameters are summarized in the table - for ease of choice:
| Number elevator | Dimensions, mm | Weight, kg | Exemplary water consumption from the network t/h |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dc | dg | D | D1 | D2 | l | L1 | L | |||
| 1 | 3 | 15 | 110 | 125 | 125 | 90 | 110 | 425 | 9,1 | 0,5-1 |
| 2 | 4 | 20 | 110 | 125 | 125 | 90 | 110 | 425 | 9,5 | 1-2 |
| 3 | 5 | 25 | 125 | 160 | 160 | 135 | 155 | 626 | 16,0 | 1-3 |
| 4 | 5 | 30 | 125 | 160 | 160 | 135 | 155 | 626 | 15,0 | 3-5 |
| 5 | 5 | 35 | 125 | 160 | 160 | 135 | 155 | 626 | 14,5 | 5-10 |
| 6 | 10 | 47 | 160 | 180 | 180 | 180 | 175 | 720 | 25 | 10-15 |
| 7 | 10 | 59 | 160 | 180 | 180 | 180 | 175 | 720 | 34 | 15-25 |
At the same time, the manufacturer allows self-replacement nozzles with the desired diameter in a certain range:
| Elevator model, No. | Possible nozzle change range, Ø mm |
|---|---|
| №1 | min 3 mm, max 6 mm |
| №2 | min 4 mm, max 9 mm |
| №3 | min 6 mm, max 10 mm |
| №4 | min 7 mm, max 12 mm |
| №5 | min 9 mm, max 14 mm |
| №6 | min 10 mm, max 18 mm |
| №7 | min 21 mm, max 25 mm |
It will not be difficult to select the required model, having the results of the calculation in hand.
When installing the elevator or when carrying out preventive maintenance, it must be taken into account that the efficiency of the unit directly depends on the correct installation and the integrity of the parts.
So, the nozzle cone (glass) must be installed strictly coaxially with the mixing chamber (neck). The glass itself must enter the elevator seat freely so that it can be removed for revision or replacement.
When carrying out revisions, special attention should be paid to the condition of the surfaces of the elevator departments. Even the presence of filters does not exclude the abrasive effect of the liquid, plus there is no escape from erosive processes and corrosion. The working cone itself must have a polished inner surface, smooth, unworn edges of the nozzle. If necessary, it is replaced with a new part.
Failure to comply with such requirements entails a decrease in the efficiency of the unit and a drop in pressure required for the circulation of the coolant in the intra-house heating distribution. In addition, the nozzle is worn, dirty or too large diameter(significantly higher than calculated), will lead to the appearance of strong hydraulic noise, which will be transmitted through the heating pipes to the living quarters of the building.
Of course, a home heating system with a simple elevator unit is far from perfect. It is very difficult to adjust, which requires disassembly of the assembly and replacement of the injection nozzle. That's why the best option it seems, nevertheless, modernization with the installation of adjustable elevators, allowing you to change the parameters of mixing the coolant in a certain range.
And how to regulate the temperature in the apartment?
The temperature of the coolant in the intra-house network may be excessive for a single apartment, for example, if it uses "warm floors". This means that you will need to install your own equipment, which will help maintain the degree of heating at the right level.
Options, how - in a special article of our portal.
And finally - a video with computer visualization of the device and the principle of operation of the heating elevator:
Video: device and operation of the heating elevator
Optimization of the work of centralized heating networks is one of the most acute problems of the domestic housing and communal complex. Hundreds of thousands of gigacalories are lost every year on the way to the consumer. At the same time, many consumers receive an excessively hot coolant. Adjustable elevator heating unit is an effective solution for residential buildings and office buildings. Installation of equipment will allow you to set the optimal temperature regime in the heating system.
A feature of domestic heating networks is centralization. In the vast majority of urban-type settlements, boiler houses or CHP plants have been installed, which generate heat for several adjacent blocks. Sometimes one point serves the whole microdistrict.
The coolant is supplied over considerable distances, which causes significant losses. In addition, the length of the hot water journey to the end user virtually eliminates temperature control. Therefore, losses, like overheating, are inevitable if an elevator heating unit is not provided for in the heat supply system of the house. This equipment allows you to solve the following problems:
- helps to reduce heat consumption in the off-season;
- provides a permanent flow of coolant in the system, regardless of the operating mode;
- prevents accidents in the system during a power outage or damage to equipment.
The issue of adjusting the heat supply is especially acute in the autumn and spring. CHP and boiler houses heat water according to the approved temperature chart. The indicator depends on the temperature environment. The final figure in Celsius must include losses during the delivery of the coolant. However, the distance between the boiler room and the heated objects is not taken into account. Water will be hotter in nearby houses than in buildings located at a distance.
If the house is equipped with an elevator unit, the losses will be compensated, and excessively hot water will be cooled. The apartments provide the optimum temperature. Residents do not have to open windows in the ventilation mode or connect an electric heater so as not to shiver from the cold.
IMPORTANT TO KNOW: Modern elevator units can be equipped with a heat metering system and data transmission to the control room using mobile communications.
A modern elevator unit is a complex engineering structure that requires a professional approach to installation
How does a thermal elevator unit work
Currently, there are several types of elevator units on the market:
- unregulated elevators without a mixing pump or with given element;
- electrically adjustable elevators.
Preference is given to adjustable devices, because. the efficiency of their work is much higher than analogues without the possibility of quick change of parameters.
The principle of operation of the elevator assembly is quite simple. The equipment is a mixing device with a narrow nozzle, through which, under a pressure almost equal to the input, the coolant is supplied to the house network.
The main element of the elevator is the mixing chamber. To lower the water temperature, the carrier enters the tank from the "return". It has already passed through the entire system and cooled down enough to provide the necessary temperature difference.
Because the outlet pressure from the elevator corresponds to the inlet indicator, and the carrier turnover cycle is significantly reduced, water moves through pipes and batteries at a higher speed. This factor helps to avoid losses in the network and equalize the temperature in the apartments on the lower and upper floors. In fact, the elevator also performs the function of a circular pump.
Adjustment of the set temperature is carried out by changing the diameter of the nozzle. For this, it is provided special valve, which defines the hot media supply level. Water enters the mixing chamber, the "return" is mixed with it. Sensors control the temperature regime according to three indicators:
- coolant;
- outside air;
- room.
This eliminates errors in the automatic calculation of the required volumes of hot coolant, return flow and outlet temperature.
IMPORTANT TO KNOW: In administrative buildings, with the help of an adjustable elevator heating unit, it is possible to reduce the temperature in the premises during non-working hours and thus save on utilities.
The elevator nozzle is a key element of the equipment responsible for the volume of coolant entering the mixing chamber
Adjustable heating elevator device
The elevator node of the heating system is a kind of intermediary between centralized heating networks and intra-house communications. It is a multi-component engineering structure. Key pieces of equipment include the following:
- Temperature regulator;
- mixing valve(with several stroke positions);
- temperature sensors;
- filter (does not allow litter to enter the pipes);
- valve at the exit to the house heating system;
- thermometer;
- pressure gauge to control the pressure in the elevator;
- circulation pump;
- check valve;
- pump control cabinet.
The list of equipment may be more modest - it all depends on the expected load on the elevator unit, financial capabilities and the feasibility of installing an expensive device. However, the more perfect the equipment, the better the system's operation, the more options for customization.
Before starting the equipment, it is necessary to calculate the elevator assembly. The key parameter that needs to be obtained after calculations using a special formula is the estimated water consumption for heating from the heating network.
The mixing ratio is also calculated - another important parameter on which the final temperature at the outlet to the house system directly depends. To reduce errors when setting up the equipment, pressure losses in the heating system are taken into account after the water leaves the elevator.
Finally, the nozzle diameter is determined - another indicator that should never be neglected. Permissible error - no more than 3 mm.
Calculations are necessary in order to determine the optimum carrier temperature and prevent overpressure. If calculations show that the outlet pressure will be higher than the standard, a special valve or throttle diaphragm is provided, which is installed in front of the elevator.
All calculations must be carried out by an experienced specialist, otherwise errors are inevitable. As a result, problems are inevitable in the selection and installation of equipment.
IMPORTANT TO KNOW: Water jet elevators are made of steel or cast iron.
The heating elevator diagram includes basic and additional elements, indicated in green
Features of the installation of the elevator system
The scheme of the elevator thermal unit is a two-level system. The upper part is a chain of nodes related to the adjustment of the input media from the centralized network. The lower part is responsible for the flow and distribution of the "return". The connecting element is a branch for supplying chilled water to the mixing chamber.
The device of unregulated elevators is simpler, but the efficiency of work is much lower. Therefore, this type of equipment is rapidly replacing modern and automatic regulated units. Their undoubted advantage is that there is no need to constantly monitor the operation of the equipment. In addition, process automation significantly increases the efficiency of the device, especially if the electronics are responsible for compliance with the necessary parameters.
Elevator unit controller and timer - an integral part of modern devices
As a rule, the heating elevator is built into an existing heating system. It is not uncommon for outdated or failed equipment to be replaced with new one. Therefore, before choosing a unit, they carefully examine the installation site, evaluate the possibility of expanding the space for the construction of a new unit.
A simple conclusion follows from this: all work should be entrusted to specialists with practical experience installation and improvement of heating systems various types. You need stable skills, knowledge of the principles of calculations, engineering solutions, the ability to understand drawings and diagrams.
The elevator heating unit assumes absolute tightness of the installation - otherwise you will not end up with problems. The expected optimization of heating costs will lead to an increase in costs and the fight against floods. This is another argument why such work should be entrusted to competent craftsmen.
House-wide initiatives aimed at improving performance characteristics, – effective method improve networks and achieve savings. However, do not forget that the miser pays twice. Use the services of professionals, and you will not have to regret that you imprudently relied on own forces.
Video: not a simple collector assembly
Ensure that the apartments of multi-storey buildings have an optimal temperature in winter time is possible only by supplying hot coolant to the radiators. Water is heated to operating performance using a special thermal unit - an elevator installed in the basement of the house or in the boiler room. We will talk about what this device is and how it works later in the article.
How the elevator assembly works
Before dealing with the device of the elevator unit, we note that this mechanism is designed to connect the end consumers of heat with heating networks. By design, the thermal elevator unit is a kind of pump that is included in the heating system along with shut-off elements and pressure meters.
The elevator heating unit performs several functions. First of all, it redistributes the pressure inside the heating system so that water is supplied to the end consumers in the radiators at a given temperature. When passing through pipelines from the boiler room to apartments, the amount of coolant in the circuit almost doubles. This is only possible if there is a supply of water in a separate sealed vessel.
As a rule, a heat carrier is supplied from the boiler room, the temperature of which reaches 105-150 ℃. Such high rates are unacceptable for domestic purposes from a safety point of view. Maximum water temperature in the circuit according to regulatory documents cannot exceed 95℃.
It is noteworthy that SanPin currently has a coolant temperature standard within 60 ℃. However, in order to save resources, they are actively discussing the proposal to reduce this standard to 50 ℃. According to the expert opinion, the difference will not be noticeable for the consumer, and in order to disinfect the coolant, it will need to be heated up to 70 ℃ every day. However, these changes in SanPin have not yet been adopted, since there is no unequivocal opinion about the rationality and effectiveness of such a decision.
The scheme of the elevator heating unit allows you to bring the temperature of the coolant in the system to the standard values.
This node avoids the following consequences:
- Batteries that are too hot can cause skin burns if handled carelessly;
- Not all heating pipes designed for long-term exposure to high temperature under pressure - such extreme conditions can lead to premature failure;
- if the wiring is made of metal-plastic or polypropylene pipes, it is not designed for the circulation of hot coolant.
Elevator Advantages
Some users argue that the elevator scheme is irrational, and it would be much easier to supply consumers with a lower temperature coolant. In reality, this approach provides for an increase in the diameter of main pipelines to supply more cold water which results in additional costs.
It turns out that the qualitative scheme of the thermal heating unit makes it possible to mix with the supply volume of water the proportion of water from the return that has already cooled down. Despite the fact that some sources of elevator units of heating systems are old hydraulic units, in fact they are efficient in operation. There are also newer units that have come to replace the schemes of the elevator assembly.
These include the following types equipment:
- plate type heat exchanger;
- mixer equipped with a three-way valve.
How does an elevator work
Studying the scheme of the elevator unit of the heating system, namely what it is and how it functions, one cannot but note the similarity of the finished design with water pumps. At the same time, it does not require energy from other systems to operate, and reliability can be observed in specific situations.
The main part of the device from the outside looks like a hydraulic tee installed on the return. Through a simple tee, the coolant would calmly get into the return line, bypassing the radiators. Such a scheme of a heating unit would be impractical.
In the usual scheme of the elevator assembly of the heating system, there are such details:
- Pre-chamber and supply pipe with a nozzle of a certain section installed at the end. A coolant is supplied through it from the return branch.
- There is a built-in diffuser at the outlet. It is designed to transfer water to consumers.
At the moment, you can find nodes where the nozzle cross section is adjusted by an electric drive. Thanks to this, it is possible to automatically adjust the acceptable temperature of the coolant.
The selection of the scheme of the heating unit with an electric drive is done on the basis of the fact that it is possible to change the mixing ratio of the coolant within 2-5 units. This cannot be achieved in elevators in which the nozzle cross section cannot be changed. It turns out that systems adjustable nozzle make it possible to significantly reduce funds for heating, which is very important in houses with central meters.
The principle of operation of the thermal unit circuit
Consider circuit diagram elevator node - that is, the scheme of its work:
- hot coolant is supplied from the boiler room through the main pipeline to the nozzle inlet;
- moving through pipes of small cross section, the water gradually picks up speed;
- in this case, a somewhat rarefied region is formed;
- the resulting vacuum begins to suck water from the return;
- homogeneous turbulent flows through the diffuser enter the outlet.
If the scheme of the heating unit of an apartment building is used in the heating system, then its efficient operation can be ensured only on the condition that operating pressure between the supply and return flows there will be more than the calculated hydraulic resistance.
A few shortcomings
Despite the fact that the thermal unit has many advantages, it also has one significant drawback. The fact is that it is impossible to regulate the temperature of the outgoing coolant with the elevator. If the measurement of the return water temperature shows that it is too hot, it will need to be lowered. Such a task can be carried out only by reducing the diameter of the nozzle, however, this is not always possible due to the design features.
Sometimes the thermal unit is equipped with an electric drive, with the help of which it is possible to correct the diameter of the nozzle. It sets in motion the main part of the structure - a throttle needle in the form of a cone. This needle moves a predetermined distance into the hole along the inner section of the nozzle. The depth of movement allows you to change the diameter of the nozzle and thereby control the temperature of the coolant.
On the shaft can be installed as a drive manual type in the form of a handle, and an electric remote-controlled motor.
It is worth noting that the installation of such a kind of temperature controller allows you to upgrade the overall heating system with a thermal unit without significant financial investments.
Possible problems
As a rule, most problems in the elevator assembly occur for the following reasons:
- the formation of blockage in the equipment;
- changes in the diameter of the nozzle as a result of the operation of the equipment - an increase in the cross section complicates the temperature control;
- blockages in the mud pits;
- failure stop valves;
- regulator failure.
In most cases, finding out the cause of the problems is quite simple, since they immediately affect the temperature of the water in the circuit. If the temperature drops and deviations from the standards are insignificant, then there is probably a gap or the nozzle cross section has increased slightly.
A temperature difference of more than 5 ℃ indicates the presence of a problem that only specialists can solve after diagnosing.
If as a result of oxidation from constant contact with water or involuntary drilling, the nozzle cross section increases, the balance of the entire system is disturbed. This defect needs to be corrected as soon as possible.
It is worth noting that in order to save finances and use heating more efficiently, electricity meters can be installed at thermal units. And metering hot water and heat make it possible to further reduce the cost of utility bills.
By popular demand of readers, I am posting a schematic diagram of an elevator assembly with a heat meter. I want to immediately notice the scheme is fully working, slightly adapted for viewing on the Internet with comments.
Scheme of an elevator unit with a heat meter 2013, and for its full compliance with the new rules for the commercial accounting of thermal energy, coolant, registration No. 1034 dated November 18, 2013, it is necessary to make only one change to it, to transfer the thermal resistance (TE pos 2) that measures the temperature of the coolant in the supply pipeline from the entrance to the site pipes after the flowmeter (FT pos 1a). But this does not affect the concept of the basics of the heat meter and the elevator assembly.
The elevator unit in this scheme is with automatic control, but this does not mean that the scheme of the elevator unit with a heat meter will not work without automatic weather control, moreover, its implementation can be divided into two stages, which will allow the project to be implemented with a lack of finance.
Just take note for yourself, such savings are beneficial if you started installation immediately after the end of the heating season, if heating season on the nose it is better to pull yourself up and install everything at once. Usually, during the heating season, heat meters and especially weather-dependent automation pay for themselves.
The price of installing an elevator unit with a heat meter.
I'll go over the prices right away. They are relevant at the end of 2014 and take into account a 10% increase in prices associated with the instability of the dollar and euro. Contractual prices, for interest, you can find out the estimated price by increasing these prices by 25%.
Installation of a heat meter in a standard five-story building from 4 to 6 entrances, without separate pipes for hot water from a heat source ( two-pipe system heat supply):
– without control elevator – 160 tr.
- with a regulating elevator operating in automatic mode depending on the temperature outside - 290 tr.
It should also be noted that the price mains or circulation pump not taken into account if the hydraulic mode from the boiler room (pressure drop) is less than 7m, you will need to install it, otherwise the elevator simply will not work. The price of such pumps is usually in the range of 600 - 1000 euros, it all depends on the size of the house.
As you can see, it is not cheap, but I repeat once again, the installation of an elevator unit with a heat meter and automatic weather control will pay for itself in a maximum of two years, and if you are overheated, then in the heating season.
Let's return to the scheme of the elevator unit with a heat meter. It contains all the necessary explanations. As a calculator of the amount of heat, a well-proven and easy-to-maintain heat meter VKT 7 from Teplocom is used. Electromagnetic flowmeters PREM - also from this company. The control elevator and the automatic weather control itself are manufactured in Belarus. It should be noted inexpensive very reliable and thoughtful option. In Russia, its full copy is produced, but for some reason it is 30% more expensive, I can’t judge the reliability of domestic automation - it has not been tested.
If someone has any questions about the scheme, project, the possibility of installation by our enterprise or just the operation of this scheme of an elevator unit with a heat meter, call - 8 918 581 1861 Yuri Olegovich.
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