Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station, the largest hydroelectric power station in Russia. The power of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP: accident, restoration

The capacity of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is the largest in Russia. It is also the sixth in the world. The Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is located in Khakassia, on the Yenisei River, not far from Sayanogorsk.

The composition of the station facilities

The main object of the station is the arch-gravity dam made of concrete, which has a height of 245 meters and a length of 1066 meters. The width of the dam at the base is 110 meters, and along the crest 25 meters. The dam can be divided into four parts. The left-bank and right-bank blind parts are 246 m and 298 m long, respectively, the spillway part is 190 m long, and the station part is 332 m.

The dam building of the hydroelectric power station is adjacent to the dam.

Tourism

The station itself and its engine room are interesting as tourist sites. The power plant also has its own museum. Since the object is secure, it can only be visited through regional tour operators.

The area where the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is located (map below) is a place that has become popular with tourists. Previously, there was even a special observation deck from which one could best see the station. Now in this place, next to the dam, a memorial dedicated to the builders of the hydroelectric power station has been erected. On the banks of the Yenisei rises the five-domed peak Borus, which is considered a national shrine by the Khakass, as is the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station. The map of Khakassia allows you to better know where these places are.

The observation deck on the left bank allows you to see a white rock two hundred meters high. It represents part of the Kibik-Kordon marble deposit, which occupies several kilometers of the Yenisei bank. One of the parts of the road leading from Sayanogorsk to Cheryomushki lies directly along the marble deposit. Severe geological conditions and rocky spurs prevented its laying, which made its laying one of the most expensive in the world.

Construction

The final decision to start construction of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP was made in 1962. Construction began in 1968. In 1975, during the construction of the hydroelectric power station, the Yenisei riverbed was blocked, and already in 1978, with the launch of the first hydroelectric unit, the station gave the first current. From 1979 to 1985, another nine hydroelectric units were put into operation sequentially. In 1988, the construction of the station was basically completed. In 2005, work began on the construction of a coastal spillway, which should increase the reliability of the station. In 2011, the spillway was put into operation.

Exploitation

In 2006, serious miscalculations were discovered in the engine room and the station spillway. In 2007, a scheduled inspection revealed significant wear of booms, which were 20 years old. Not very successful, prone to increased cracking, was the design of the hydroelectric units with which the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP was equipped. Photos published after the accident made it possible to judge the extent of their destruction.

A large program of modernization and technical re-equipment of the station was developed, the implementation of which began, but the accident at the power plant made its own adjustments to the plans of the builders.

Accident

The Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, the accident at which occurred on August 17, 2009, caused great damage.

In the morning in August 2009, an accident occurred at the hydroelectric power station. The destruction of the second hydraulic unit occurred, and the turbine building was flooded with a large amount of water. The 7th and 9th hydraulic units were badly damaged, the third, fourth and fifth hydraulic units were blocked by debris. This led to the destruction of the turbine hall from which the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP was controlled. The accident resulted in the death of 75 people.

The tragedy was thoroughly investigated. The act of investigation was published in October 2009.

Recovery

New hydraulic units to replace the damaged ones were ordered from Power Machines. Already in 2010, units No. 6, No. 5, No. 4 and No. 3 were in operation, which made it possible to increase the power of the station to 2560 MW - 40% of the nominal one. At the same time, work was underway to dismantle unit No. 2 and build a coastal spillway, which ended in successful hydraulic tests. The station generated 10 billion kWh of electricity.

Thus, the first stage of reconstruction was completed, as a result of which four hydroelectric units of the station, which suffered the least, were put into operation.

In 2011, the second stage of reconstruction started. The construction of the second stage of the spillway was completed, and by the end of the year the entire spillway complex was put into operation.

In addition, a new hydraulic unit (No. 1) was put into operation.

Electricity generation in 2011 amounted to more than 18 billion kWh.
In 2012, three new hydroelectric units were launched: No. 7, No. 8, No. 9, after which the capacity of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP amounted to 3840 MW.

In 2013, three new hydroelectric units were launched: No. 10, No. 6, No. 5, which made it possible to increase the station's capacity to 4,480 MW.

In 2013, the station produced more than 24 billion kWh.

In 2014, the third stage of the reconstruction of the station started. As part of its implementation in 2014, hydroelectric unit No. 4 gave current.

The Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP underwent a complete re-equipment with new hydraulic units from OJSC Power Machines, which have the best parameters and meet strict safety and reliability requirements. The capacity of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP became equal to the nominal one - 6400 MW. The maximum efficiency of the new hydraulic turbines reached 96.6%, and the maximum service life of the machines was increased to 40 years. Now the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, whose photos immediately after the accident and today are strikingly different, is operating at full capacity.

Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP- one of the largest hydraulic structures on the Yenisei River. It got its name thanks to the nearby Sayan Mountains and the village of Shushenskoye, where the leader of the proletariat was once exiled.

1. SSH HPP has the highest dam in Russia. The pressure front of the presented HPP is formed by an arch-gravity dam 245 m high. The strength of this concrete structure is additionally provided by the upper arched belt with load transfer (about 40%) to the rocky shores.
2. This is the most powerful hydroelectric power station in Russia (installed capacity 6.4 million kW). It ranks ninth in terms of capacity in the world list of active hydroelectric power plants.

   

3. This unique project of the SSH HPP dam is the "brainchild" of engineers from the Leningrad branch of the Hydroproject Institute. They were able to create a dam for the turbulent waters of the Yenisei, taking into account the harsh climatic conditions of Siberia. The arch-gravity dam is even recorded in the Guinness Book of Records as the most reliable hydraulic structure of this type.

   

4. This huge dam was cut by builders into the rocky banks of the Yenisei to a depth of 10-15 meters.. Just imagine: 9.075 million m³ of concrete was used to build it. With this amount of concrete, a highway from Moscow to Vladivostok could be built!

   

5. An unusual group monument to the builders of the hydroelectric station combines bronze figures of people of various professions who were directly involved in the construction of the hydrotechnical facility. Against the background of this historical monument, excellent photographs are obtained.

   

6. This energy enterprise was built in the mountains, surrounded by taiga forests. The magnificent architecture of such a very complex technical facility organically blended into the natural landscape of this beautiful region.

   

7. More than two hundred organizations (construction, installation, electrical) participated in the construction of the energy giant on the Yenisei. Young specialists from all over the former SSR came to the construction site. This hydroelectric power station, in truth, was erected by the entire Soviet people!

   

8. In 1974, an interesting event took place in the history of construction - the "Agreement of Twenty-Eight" was signed.. In this way, all participants in the global construction undertook to provide each other with assistance, perform their work with high quality and strive to reduce construction time. Now the museum of the station has a steel rod tied into a “friendship knot”, symbolizing friendly relations between individual brigades.

   

9. The dam of the power facility “survived” the earthquake in 2011, when 78 km from the HPP it was 8 points on the MSK-64 scale, and 5 points were measured near the dam. Experts did not record any damage in the body of the dam - the legendary builders did a great job!

   

10. Each RO-230/833-V-677 turbine of this energy giant has an impeller with a diameter of 6.77 m and a weight of 156 tons! The hydro turbines were manufactured by the Leningrad Metal Plant, 10 huge impellers covered a path of almost 10,000 kilometers before they were installed at the hydroelectric power station! They were delivered by water transport across the Arctic Ocean.

    

11. This station was built in stages from 1963 to 2000.. Thanks to the use of temporary impellers, even at low head (60 m), the hydraulic units were gradually put into operation and generated electricity.

    

12. Between 1997 and 2011, an additional onshore spillway was built, due to which additional water flow is carried out up to 4000 m³ / s and the load on the main spillway of the station is reduced, which significantly increases the safety of the station.

    

13. An unusual spatial cross-rod structure for floors and walls of the turbine hall was designed by the Moscow Architectural Institute. This design gave a special architectural elegance, but, as practice has shown, did not ensure the reliability of the building.

    

14. In 2009, the largest man-made disaster occurred. As a result of the accident due to poor-quality repairs at the SSH HPP, 75 people died, the main equipment and the engine room were badly damaged. In 2014, restoration work at the station was completed.

    

15. After the accident in 2009, tons of turbine oil went into the waters of the Yenisei. Even after the emergency use of special sorbents to collect oil and booms, 400 tons of fish died.

    

The Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is the most powerful power plant in Russia and the 6th largest hydroelectric power plant in the world. It is located in the most picturesque foothills of the Western Sayan, in the place where the Yenisei flows in a deeply incised canyon-like valley. The HPP dam forms a large Sayano-Shushenskoye reservoir with an area of ​​621 sq. km.

It is quite difficult to convey the scale of this gigantic structure with the help of a photograph. For example, the length of the crest of the dam is more than 1 kilometer, and the height of 245 meters is higher than the main building of Moscow State University.

Public observation deck:

The pressure front of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is formed by a unique concrete arch-gravity dam, which is the highest dam of this type in the world. If you climb one of the slopes of the gorge, a beautiful view of the dam itself, the tailpipe and the Sayano-Shushenskoye reservoir, with a total volume of 31 km³, opens up.

About eleven thousand different sensors are installed in the body of the dam, which control the state of the entire structure and its elements.

Clickable (1500 x 595):

The construction of the dam began in 1968 and lasted seven years. The amount of concrete laid in the dam - 9.1 million m³ - would be enough to build a highway from St. Petersburg to Vladivostok:

The diameter of such a “pipe” of a turbine conduit is 7.5 meters:

A few words about the principle of operation of the dam. Any dam other than storage must pass a certain amount of water. Each of the ten hydroelectric units of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP can 350 m³ of water per second. Now 4 out of 10 hydroelectric units are in operation, and in winter their capacity is quite sufficient.

The white site is a water well of the operational spillway, this site can easily accommodate a football field for the World Cup, though it will turn out to be “football on ice”:

During high waters and floods, the gates of the operational spillway are opened. It is designed to discharge excess water inflow, which cannot be passed through the HPP hydroelectric units or accumulated in the reservoir.

The maximum design capacity of the operational spillway is 13600 m³ (that's five 50-meter swimming pools with 10 lanes) per second! A sparing regime for a water well located under an operational spillway is considered to be an expense of 7000 - 7500 m³.

Attention, secret photo! To estimate the height of the dam click below (resolution 918 x 4623) :

The length of the crest of the dam, taking into account the coastal insets, is 1074 meters, the width along the base is 105 meters, along the crest - 25. The dam is cut into the rocks of the banks to a depth of 10-15 meters.

Clickable (1500 x 577):

From the dam you can see the village of Cheryomushki, which is connected to the hydroelectric power station by a highway and an unusual tram line.

In 1991, several city trams were purchased in Leningrad. Now free trams run from the village to the hydroelectric power station with a frequency of one hour. Thus, the transport problem for the station workers and residents of Cheryomushki was solved, and the only tram line in Khakassia became a landmark of the village.

View of the Sayano-Shushenskoye reservoir from the entrance portal of the coastal spillway. Clickable (2000 x 554):

The coastal spillway consists of an inlet head, two free-flow tunnels, an outlet portal, a five-stage drop and a discharge channel. Clickable (2000 x 474):

Despite the frosts, the ice on the reservoir rises quite late - as a rule, at the end of January:

Coastal spillway. Serves to organize a smooth entry of the water flow into two free-flow tunnels:

In winter, the portals are covered with heat shields:

The length of the two tunnels is 1122 meters, with a section of 10 × 12 meters each, which is enough to accommodate 4 metro tunnels.

exit portal. Estimated speed of water movement at the outlet of the tunnel - 22 m/s:

The five-stage differential consists of five extinguishing wells 100 m wide and 55 to 167 m long.

Clickable (1500 x 503):

Two gantry cranes are installed on the crest of the dam to open the gates:

The Yenisei is one of the largest rivers in Russia:

Yenisei - the border between Western and Eastern Siberia. The left bank of the Yenisei ends the great West Siberian plains, and the right bank represents the realm of mountain taiga. From the Sayans to the Arctic Ocean, the Yenisei passes through all the climatic zones of Siberia. Camels live in its upper reaches, and polar bears live in its lower reaches.

The work of shamans...

Clickable (2000 x 650):

The generated current from the station is transferred to an open switchgear:

It ensures the output of power from the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP to the energy systems of Kuzbass and Khakassia:

View from the observation deck, which is located 1600 meters from the dam. On the left, the spillway is illuminated. Clickable (2000 x 504):

Clickable (3000 x 719):

The height of the dam of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is one meter higher than the main building of Moscow State University. Many of you have been to Sparrow Hills and seen Moscow University, now it will be easier to imagine the scale of the dam...

The length of the ridge is more than one kilometer, the height is 245 meters. Both photos were taken from the ground, the scale tried to make 1:1.

Clickable (4000 x 1427):

The Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is in many respects the "most-most". This is the largest HPP in terms of capacity (6400 MW) in Russia and the 7th among those operating in the world. Here is the highest dam in the country (245 meters), which blocks one of the greatest rivers in Russia and the world - the Yenisei.
Recently, the dream to visit this station came true.

The Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station named after PS Neporozhny was built in the place where the Yenisei flows in a deep canyon-like valley. If it were not for the nearby village of Shushenskoye, the station would probably have been named simply after the Sayan mountains Sayanskaya. But it was impossible not to mention the place of Lenin's exile in such a grandiose structure)

The hydroelectric power station was built for quite a long time - from 1963 to 2000, successfully solving many technical problems along the way. The project was developed by the institute "Lengidroproekt". Initially, another place seemed to be the most promising, but later it was rejected for several reasons, including geological ones. On July 21, 1962, the site of the future hydroelectric power station was approved.

In December 1978, the station began to produce electricity, and by 1986 it paid off the costs of its construction. In 2008, the HPP complex was merged with JSC HydroOGK (later JSC RusHydro).

In 2011, an earthquake with a magnitude of about 8 points occurred 80 km from the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. In the area of ​​the dam itself, 5-magnitude tremors were recorded, but no damage was recorded.

1. View of the hydroelectric dam from a public viewing platform. I have been to many places and seen impressive objects, but at the sight of this dam I could not restrain my delight

2. On the way to the hydroelectric power station, I asked myself about the height of the dam. "Meters 50-70, probably" - spun in my head. It turned out I was wrong 4 times. The height of the dam is 245 meters. This is the highest dam in Russia and one of the highest dams in the world.
For comparison, the height of the dam is about the same as the main building of Moscow State University with a spire, 3 times higher than the Ferris wheel at VDNKh or the Ivan the Great Bell Tower in the Kremlin, and 4 times higher than a 20-story building.
I think how small you feel standing next to me, no need to say)

3. To complete the impressions, it was not enough just to see the spillway. However, this year, according to experts, it is unlikely to be held. Spillway gates are opened during floods and floods to remove excess water that cannot be passed through the HPP's hydroelectric units.

The maximum design capacity of the spillway is 13,600 m³ (five 50-meter swimming pools with 10 lanes) per second. The spillways are wide enough - 7 meters - and separated from each other by walls of the same height

4. View from the dam. HPP administrative building

6. In the meantime, let's look at the dam from a close distance. It has been built since 1968 for 7 years, spending 9.1 million m³ of concrete. This would be enough to build a highway from Moscow to Vladivostok

7. About 11,000 different sensors are installed in the body of the dam, monitoring the state of the entire structure and its elements

8. Generator transformer

9. "Pipes" are turbine conduits with a diameter of 7.5 meters

10. Why do you think this wire is needed? Hint: not for electricity. Hint-2: due to the fact that there is a river nearby

12. The chapel was built to commemorate the events of August 17, 2009, when the largest accident in the history of Russian hydropower occurred at the station. This year the HPP will be fully restored

13. Let me remind you that 75 people died then. In the chapel is a list of those who left forever that day. You can light a candle and remember the dead

14. Inside the building of the hydroelectric power station. Initially, it was planned to build a hydroelectric power station with 12 hydroelectric units with a capacity of 530 MW each, but later the design of the hydroelectric complex was changed. We decided to increase the capacity of hydroelectric units to 640 MW, which made it possible to reduce their number to 10. As a result: 10 hydroelectric units with turbines, each with a capacity of 640 MW. The distance between the axes of the units is 23.7 m.

The turbines drive water-cooled hydrogenerators that deliver 15.75 kV of current. According to the electrical diagrams, 2 adjacent hydroelectric units are combined into one power unit. Turbine efficiency 96%

15. Hydro unit No. 2. It was he who collapsed and was thrown out by the pressure of water from his place on August 17, 2009. It is planned that in 2014 it should be put into operation. The previously restored hydraulic units No. 3 and No. 4 will also be replaced

On the morning of August 17, 2009, the hydraulic unit No. 2, which was in operation, was thrown out of its place by the pressure of water. Water began to flow into the building of the hydroelectric power station under great pressure, flooding the engine room and the technical rooms below it. At the time of the accident, 9 hydraulic units were in operation (one was in reserve), automatic protections on most of which did not work. The power supply for the station's own needs was lost, as a result of which the emergency repair gates at the water intakes (in order to stop the flow of water) were reset manually by the station personnel.

All hydraulic units of the station received damage of varying severity. Hydroelectric units No. 2, No. 7 and No. 9 suffered the most. The building of the machine room was partially destroyed, electrical and auxiliary equipment was damaged. As a result of the entry of turbine oil into the Yenisei, environmental damage was caused.

Later, the cause of the destruction of the hydraulic unit No. 2 will be called the destruction of the studs of the turbine cover from vibration.

16. Rescue work was completed by 23 August 2009, after which work began to restore the station. The demolition of the rubble in the HPP building was completed by October 7, 2009, and the walls and roof were restored by November of the same year. At the same time, work was underway to dismantle the damaged hydraulic units.

Due to the fact that the manufacture of new hydroelectric units takes more than a year, it was decided to restore during 2010 the four least affected "old" hydroelectric units of the station. In February 2010, after repair, hydroelectric unit No. 6 was launched, which at the time of the accident was under repair and received the least damage. In March 2010, hydroelectric unit No. 5 was connected to the network, which was stopped during an accident by emergency protection. Hydro unit No. 4 was launched on August 2, 2010; hydroelectric unit No. 3 - December 25, 2010. Subsequently, new hydroelectric units were installed. The last one was launched in December 2013.

17. Delivery of impellers of new hydraulic turbines and other large-sized equipment was carried out by water from St. Petersburg to the vicinity of the station. Further, the cargo was delivered by road to the hydroelectric power station. In August and September 2011, the first batch of large equipment was delivered to the station, including 6 turbine runners. The remaining equipment was delivered in the summer - autumn of 2012

18. The impeller of the hydraulic turbine (about 7 meters in diameter) is made of stainless steel. Produced turbines and generators in St. Petersburg

19. Central control point of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP.
The upgraded protection system stops the unit when the power supply fails, including in case of emergency: in case of breakage, fire, flooding and short circuit. The action of all protections leads to the closing of the guide vane, emergency repair gate and disconnection of the generator from the network.

Even if for some reason the automation does not work, you can stop the hydraulic unit and reset the emergency repair gate using special keys located on the central control panel. Emergency keys existed before, but they were located directly at the hydraulic units. During the accident, these marks were flooded, and it was not possible to use the keys

20. This is how the control point looked in the picture depicting the commissioning of one of the station's hydroelectric units. Here and in other paintings hanging at the station and telling about various periods in the history of the hydroelectric power station, real people are depicted.

21. Now the most interesting. We climb the mountains to look at the dam from above. After its construction, the Yenisei in these places turned into the Sayano-Shushenskoye reservoir, which spilled over 320 km in length over the territories of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Khakassia and Tuva.

During the creation of the reservoir, 35,600 hectares of agricultural land were flooded and 2,717 buildings were moved. Including the city of Shagonar was moved to a new place. Of the pluses, it can be noted that, due to the high quality of the water, trout fish farms were organized

22. The length of the crest of the dam is 1074 meters, the width along the base is 105 meters, along the crest - 25. The dam is cut into the rocks of the banks to a depth of 10-15 meters.
Stability and strength is ensured by the action of the own weight of the dam (by 60%) and partially by the emphasis of the upper arched part against the banks (by 40%)

23. Beauty! The spillway and "pipes" - turbine conduits are clearly visible

24. View of the Yenisei from the dam. In the distance, on the left, the village of Cheryomushki is visible

25. Coastal fortifications, administrative buildings and a chapel

26. Very impressive! I stand for 5 minutes, just looking at the views

27. Fishing is even more interesting)
The border of the regions of the Russian Federation passes here along the Yenisei. On the right - the Krasnoyarsk Territory, on the left - the Republic of Khakassia

28. The dam and the hall of the hydroelectric power station, where the hydroelectric units are located. Yellow structures - 2 cranes for opening gates on the crest of the dam

29. In the distance is the village of Cheryomushki, and in front of us are the drops of the coastal spillway. It is located on the right bank and is designed to pass large floods and reduce the load on the spillway of the station at the dam. It consists of a water intake structure, two non-pressure tunnels, a five-stage drop and a discharge channel. The five-stage drop consists of five wells 100 m wide and 55 to 167 m long, separated by spillway dams. The function of the differential is to dampen the energy of the flow

December 30th, 2015

The Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is the largest power plant in Russia in terms of size and capacity. Thanks to the RusHydro company, I was able to visit this grandiose facility, it was in April 2014, at that time repair and restoration work was carried out at the station after a major accident in 2009. At the time of my visit, hydroelectric units number 3 and 4 were under repair. Just imagine, the capacity of one hydroelectric unit is 640 MW (there are 10 hydroelectric units at the station in total), this is more than the capacity of the entire construction of which is currently ongoing in the Amur Region.

SShHPP is the upper stage of the Yenisei HPP cascade. The station's unique arch-gravity dam, 242 m high, is the highest dam in Russia and one of the highest dams in the world. The name of the station comes from the names of the Sayan Mountains and the village of Shushenskoye, located not far from the station, widely known in the USSR as the place of exile of V.I. Lenin.

02. In order to get to the station, you must first fly to, then take the train to Abakan, and then you are waiting for a two-hour journey to the village of Cheryomushki by car.

03. And here is the station itself, the picture was taken not far from the checkpoint. Pay attention to the scale, on the right side you can see the chapel and the tram that carries the station employees from the village to the place of work and back for free.

04. I wrote about the Cheryomushinsky tram.

05. Our tour started with lunch at the station. I want to note that I had a chance to dine at many hydroelectric power stations in our country and everywhere it was very tasty!

06. Dining room.

07. To begin with, I suggest taking a walk around the station itself, and then we will see the views around. This is a photograph of the hall located near the main entrance. Traditionally, a map is posted here with all the hydroelectric power stations in Russia, as well as information about the life of the station.

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I talked about how the hydroelectric power station works in a post about, in short, the water flowing from the reservoir through the dam activates hydroelectric units, which in turn convert the rotational energy into electricity. The current enters the step-up transformer and through the power line goes towards the substation, which is usually the outdoor switchgear, and from there the current is delivered to the consumer. The advantage of HPPs over all other power plants is obvious - the low cost of electricity generation and the quick start-up of hydroelectric units, which allows you to quickly adjust the level of electricity generation. We started the tour from the machine room, but at that time the repair of equipment damaged after the accident continued there, so now these are archival photographs, but this does not detract from their value.

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14. Workers near the rail for a semi-gantry crane, there are two in total and each can lift up to 500 tons, and if necessary, they can work together.

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18. The same hydraulic unit, the failure of which caused the accident, photo drugoi - http://drugoi.livejournal.com/3032285.html

"Due to the repeated occurrence of additional loads of a variable nature on the hydraulic unit, associated with crossings through a non-recommended zone, fatigue damage to the attachment points of the hydraulic unit, including the turbine cover, was formed and developed. Damage to the studs caused by dynamic loads led to the failure of the turbine cover and depressurization of the water supply path of the hydraulic unit" - this is the official version of what happened. And if in short and in simple terms, then the hydraulic unit is attached to the shaft with the help of studs, and at some point these studs began to collapse. Naturally, after that, the hydraulic unit was forced out of the mine by a stream of water, flying out of there, together with pieces of concrete, it broke through the roof and the turbine hall began to flood. In this situation, it was necessary to urgently stop the flow of water from the side of the dam and start a blank discharge in order to prevent the destruction of the structure. Several daredevils climbed the upper crest of the dam and manually blocked the gates, which stopped the flow of water into the turbine hall. The station was left without electricity, but just a couple of hours later, a gantry crane was launched, which opened the gates of the spillway dam and began idle discharge. Unfortunately, 75 people died during the disaster, it was one of the largest accidents in the history of hydropower.

19. Meet Iddar Maratovich Bagautdinov, one of those who were among the daredevils who managed to save the station from flooding!

The following is a quote from the blog anni_sanni - http://anni-sanni.com/?p=8627

At 8-13 there was an accident, - Ildar Maratovich recalls, - in about three minutes I jumped out of the gate. We drove for about 15 minutes, five kilometers there, it turns out, at half past eight we hit the ridge, we still had to break the gate. There were three construction workers there. They just came to work, stood confused, not knowing what to do. I ran to them: Is there a lantern? There is! Crowbar? There is! - Behind me. I organized everyone and go ahead, So I organized everyone and go ahead. 350 meters of the dark gallery ran - shining with a miner's lantern ... "
According to Ildar Maratovich, almost everyone who helped prevent an even greater catastrophe at the SSHHPP remained and is still working at the station. Moreover, having learned about the accident, retired engineers, installers and others returned to work. Restored the fourth. the fifth and sixth units and after that have already returned to retirement.

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“Of the 116 people recorded at the time of the accident in the engine room, 75 people died. Several people literally hung on the railing under the control panels of the operatives - here, where the three hundred and thirty-seventh mark is ”- the hero now shows us - When we stopped the water, they were under the ceiling, but survived ... ”

21. Hero! It's hard to watch and remember the events of bygone days...

This accident served as a lesson for the entire hydropower industry, not only in Russia, but throughout the world. Now the same shutters that were closed manually in the event of an accident are automatically worked out, and the hydraulic units themselves are now mounted more reliably than before. Here is another good report on the restoration of the hydroelectric power station - http://russos.livejournal.com/799333.html

22. This is how the updated machine shop looks now. A photo photographersha - http://fotografersha.livejournal.com/731706.html

23. And this is the central control point of the station, we didn’t get to it, so I’ll show you a photo ammo1 . Taken from here - http://ammo1.livejournal.com/676122.html

I recommend another interesting post - Dima chistoprudov visited the station some time after the accident and, as usual, made a cool reportage, Mastrid - http://chistoprudov.livejournal.com/67048.html

24. We pass to the technical rooms located in the lower part of the turbine hall. Here, as a rule, equipment is installed that is responsible for the operation of hydraulic units, from here you can get directly into the generator shaft.

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27. The Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station is famous not only for the fact that it has a unique dam of its kind, but also for the fact that it is very beautiful from the outside, however, this can be seen even with the naked eye. This is the view from the observation deck.

28. Of course, it is also necessary to tell about the hydroelectric dam itself, because this is a unique structure of its kind!

29. The height of the structure is 245 m, the length along the crest is 1074.4 m, the width along the base is 105.7 m and along the crest is 25 m. The dam is outlined along the pressure head with a radius of 600 m.

30. The stability and strength of the dam under water pressure (about 30 billion tons) is ensured not only by the action of its own weight (60%), but also by the operation of the upper arched belt with load transfer to the rocky shores (40%). The dam is cut into the rock of the left and right banks, respectively, to a depth of 15 m and 10 m. The conjugation of the dam with the base in the channel was made by cutting to a solid rock to a depth of 5 m. This design of the dam made it possible to reduce the amount of concrete masonry compared to a gravity-type dam.

31. The dam has been built since 1968 for 7 years, spending 9.1 million m³ of concrete. This would be enough to build a highway from Moscow to Vladivostok. The diameter of one conduit is 7.5 meters.

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33. From left to right - the turbine hall and the administrative building.

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35. We looked a little at the spillway.

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37. We are moving to the upper pool!

38. Gantry cranes. With the help of them, the gates of the spillway open and overlap.

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42. Pay attention to the dark and light stripes, the water rises to such a level.

43. To extinguish the energy of the waste stream, a water well was built, in the photo you can see it on the right side right under the dam. It is quite large, its dimensions are comparable to a football field! The speed of water during spillway can reach up to 55 m/s.

44. The road towards the village of Cheryomushki, on the left side there is a reconstructed outdoor switchgear-500 kV.

45. The outdoor switchgear is located exactly between two hills, it looks very harmonious.

46. ​​This extension replaces the whole complex which is located behind its wall.

47. Separately, it is worth talking about the coastal spillway.

48. The coastal spillway is located on the right bank and is designed to pass floods of rare frequency. Structurally, the spillway consists of a water intake structure, two free-flow tunnels, a five-stage drop and a discharge channel.

49. In other words, if suddenly nature goes crazy and the reservoir is overflowing, then the coastal spillway will help reduce the water level to the desired level.

50. The hydroelectric dam itself forms a large Sayano-Shushenskoye reservoir of seasonal regulation with a total volume of 31.34 km³, a useful volume of 15.34 km³, a length of 320 km and an area of ​​621 km².

51. The five-stage drop consists of five extinguishing wells 100 m wide and 55 to 167 m long, separated by spillway dams. The function of the drop is to dampen the energy of the flow - the maximum flow rates at the entrance to the upper well reach 30 m/s, at the interface with the river bed they decrease to 4-5 m/s.

Here are two very interesting photo reports for you, people visited the hydroelectric power station and found the construction of a coastal spillway -