Leap year for the last time. Leap years - list
First a note. Not every 4th year is a leap year. Why - we will explain later.
In a normal year there are 365 days. In a leap year, there are 366 days - one day more, due to the addition of an additional day at the number 29 to the month of February, as a result of which those born on this day experience certain difficulties in celebrating their birthday.
A year is the time during which the planet Earth makes one revolution around the Sun in relation to the stars (apparently measured as the interval between two successive passages of the Sun through the vernal equinox).
A day (or often in everyday speech - a day) is the time during which the Earth makes one revolution around its axis. As you know, there are 24 hours in a day.
It turns out that the year does not fit an even number of days. There are 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 45.252 seconds in a year. If the year is taken equal to 365 days, then it turns out that the Earth in its orbital movement will not "reach" the point at which the circle "closes", i.e. it takes another 5 hours, 48 minutes and 45.252 seconds to fly in orbit. These extra about 6 hours in 4 years will just be collected in one additional day, which was introduced into the calendar to eliminate the backlog, receiving every 4th year leap year- a day longer. He did this on January 1, 45 BC. e. Roman dictator Gaius Julius Caesar, and the calendar has since been called Julian. In fairness, it must be said that Julius Caesar introduced a new calendar only by authority, and, of course, astronomers calculated and proposed it.
The Russian word "leap" comes from the Latin expression "bis sextus" - "the second sixth". The ancient Romans counted the days of the month until the beginning of the next month. So the day of February 24 was the sixth before the beginning of March. In a leap year, an additional, second (bis sextus) sixth day was inserted between February 24 and February 25. Later, this day began to increase towards the end of the month, on February 29.
So, according to the Julian calendar, every 4th year is a leap year.
But it is easy to see that 5 hours, 48 minutes and 45.252 seconds is not exactly 6 hours (11 minutes 14 seconds are missing). Of these 11 minutes and 14 seconds in 128 years, another extra day will “run in”. This was noticed from astronomical observations on the shift of the day of the vernal equinox, relative to which church holidays are calculated, in particular Easter. By the 16th century, the backlog was 10 days (today it is already 13 days). To eliminate it, Pope Gregory XIII reformed the calendar ( Gregorian calendar), according to which not every 4th year was a leap year. There were no leap years, multiples of one hundred, that is, ending in two zeros. The only exceptions were years divisible by 400.
So, leap years are years: 1) divisible by 4, but not by 100 (for example, 2016, 2020, 2024),
Note that the Russian Orthodox Church refused to switch to the Gregorian calendar and lives according to the old, Julian calendar, which is 13 days behind the Gregorian. If the church continues to refuse to switch to the generally accepted Gregorian calendar, then in a few hundred years the shift will become such that, for example, Christmas will be celebrated in the summer.
Every 4 years we are faced with the fact that in February, instead of the standard 28 days, there are 29. A leap year is coming. This is due to the fact that the Earth revolves around the sun a little faster than 365 days. To compensate for this phenomenon, a leap year was invented and put into practice, which lasts 366 days by adding an extra day in February.
When is a leap year, how to determine
The methods of determination are quite simple and accessible to any person. They do not require any serious mathematical background:
2. A leap year is always divisible by 4 without a remainder. Let's say 2012 is a leap year because 2012:4=503.0, so the remainder of the division is 0.
3. You can view the calendar for the year under study and compare it with the next one by day of the week. If the gap is 1 day, then the analyzed time interval is not a leap year - its length is 52 weeks and 1 day, if the gap is 2 days, then, accordingly, the year is a leap year.
Are there exceptions?
Yes, there are. In order to more fully harmonize the astronomical and calendar years, it was decided not to make leap years those years that end in 00, that is, the beginning of each century. But here there is an exception: every 4th of these years (ending in 00 - 400, 800, 1200, 1600, 2000, 2400, ...) are also leap years.
List of leap years
1764, 1768, 1772, 1776, 1780, 1784, 1788, 1792, 1796, 1804, 1808, 1812, 1816, 1820, 1824, 1828, 1832, 1836, 1840, 1844, 1848, 1852, 1856, 1860, 1864, 1868, 1872, 1876, 1880, 1884, 1888, 1892, 1896, 1904, 1908, 1912, 1916, 1920, 1924, 1928, 1932, 1936, 1940, 1944, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1960, 1964, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020, 2024, 2028, 2032,2036, 2040, 2044, 2048, 2052, 2056, 2060, 2064, 2068, 2072, 2080, 2084, 2088, 2092, 2096, 2104, 2108, 2112, 2116, 2120, 2124, 2128, 2132
History of appearance
The very concept of a leap year appeared at a time when scientists proved that the astronomical year has 365 days and approximately 5 hours and 49 minutes. This happened under Julius Caesar, who was known as a fairly progressive ruler. Since then, 1 extra day has been added to the calendar.
The ancient Romans counted the days until the beginning of the next month, and we determine the elapsed from the beginning of the current month. Suppose February 22 for us is the 22nd day of the month, and for the Romans it was the 6th day before the start of the new month. In a leap year, February has two 6th days. "Second sixth" from Latin and gave the name "leap".
The next stage was the Julian calendar, where every third year became a leap year. By the way, in our days it is on it that holidays are determined. We use the Gregorian calendar, and we have a leap year every fourth year.
Superstitions and fears
It is generally accepted among the people that leap years are very unfortunate, and sometimes tragic. Even the Romans began to consider this year bad, because of the "sixth day" the fast increased by one day (it lasted until the beginning of March). The odious holiday "Kasyanov's Day", which was already celebrated by our ancestors, added to the mysticism. It was set for February 29th.
It is believed that on a leap day it is highly undesirable to radically change the usual way of life: get married, move, change jobs, have children, especially the first child.
2016 is a leap year with 366 days instead of the usual 365. Leap year has been proposed to keep the calendars in sync. Did you know that not every 4th year is a leap year?Why is a leap year considered unlucky, and what signs are associated with it?Here are a few facts you may not have known about the leap year.
What does leap year mean?
1 . A leap year is a year that has 366 days instead of 365 as usual. An extra day in a leap year is added in February - February 29 (leap day).
The extra day in a leap year is necessary because it takes a little over 365 days to complete one revolution around the Sun, to be exact. 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds.
Humans once followed a calendar of 355 days with an extra month of 22 days every two years. But in 45 B.C. Julius Caesar, together with the astronomer Sosigenes, decided to simplify the situation, and the Julian 365-day calendar was developed with an extra day every 4 years to compensate for the extra hours.
This day was added in February as it was once the last month in the Roman calendar.
2 . This system was supplemented by Pope Gregory XIII (who introduced the Gregorian calendar), who coined the term "leap year" and declared that year divisible by 4 and divisible by 400 but not divisible by 100, is a leap year.
So according to the Gregorian calendar, 2000 was a leap year, but 1700, 1800 and 1900 were not.
What are leap years in the 20th and 21st centuries?
1904, 1908, 1912, 1916, 1920, 1924, 1928, 1932, 1936, 1940, 1944, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1960, 1964, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020, 2024, 2028, 2032, 2036, 2040, 2044, 2048, 2052, 2056, 2060, 2064, 2068, 2072, 2076, 2080, 2084, 2088, 2092, 2096
February 29 - leap day
3 . February 29 is considered the only day a woman can propose to a man. The tradition began in 5th century Ireland when Saint Brigid complained to Saint Patrick that women had to wait too long for a proposal from worshipers.
Then he gave women one day in a leap year - the last day in the shortest month, so that the fair sex could propose to a man.
According to legend, Brigitte immediately knelt down and proposed to Patrick, but he refused, kissing her on the cheek, and offered her a silk dress to soften the refusal.
4 . According to another version, this tradition appeared in Scotland, when Queen Margaret, at the age of 5, announced in 1288 that a woman can propose to any man she likes on February 29th.
She also made a rule that those who refused had to pay a fine in the form of a kiss, a silk dress, a pair of gloves, or money. To warn fans in advance, a woman was supposed to wear trousers or a red petticoat on the day of the proposal.
In Denmark, a man who refuses a woman's marriage proposal must provide her with 12 pairs of gloves, and in Finland, fabric for a skirt.
Leap year wedding
5 . One in five couples in Greece avoid getting married on a leap year, as it is believed that this brings bad luck.
In Italy, it is considered that in a leap year woman becomes unpredictable and at this time you do not need to plan important events. So, according to the Italian proverb "Anno bisesto, anno funesto". ("Leap year is a doomed year").
February 29
6 . The odds of being born on February 29 are 1 in 1461. Around the world, about 5 million people were born on a leap day.
7 . For centuries, astrologers believed that children born on a leap day have unusual talents, a unique personality, and even special powers. Among the famous people born on February 29, one can name the poet Lord Byron, the composer Gioachino Rossini, the actress Irina Kupchenko.
8. In Hong Kong, the official birthday for those born on February 29th is March 1st in normal years, while in New Zealand it is February 28th. If you calculate the time correctly, then traveling from one country to another, you can celebrate longest birthday in the world.
9. The city of Anthony in Texas, USA is a self-proclaimed " leap year capital of the world". A festival is held here annually, where those who wish from all over the world, born on February 29, gather.
10. Record the largest number of generations born on a leap day, belongs to the Keogh family.
Peter Anthony Keogh was born February 29, 1940 in Ireland, his son Peter Eric was born February 29, 1964 in the UK, and his granddaughter Bethany Wealth was born February 29, 1996.
11. Karin Henriksen from Norway holds the world record having the most children on a leap day.
Her daughter Heidi was born on February 29, 1960, her son Olav on February 29, 1964, and her son Lief-Martin on February 29, 1968.
12. In the traditional Chinese, Jewish and ancient Indian calendar, not a leap day is added to the year, but a whole month. It is called the "intercalary month". It is believed that children born in a leap month are more difficult to raise. In addition, it is considered unlucky to start serious business in a leap year.
Leap year: signs and superstitions
Since ancient times, a leap year has always been considered difficult and bad for many undertakings. In popular belief, the leap year is associated with Saint Kasyan, which was considered evil, envious, stingy, unmerciful and brought misfortune to people.
According to legend, Kasyan was a bright angel to whom God entrusted all plans and intentions. But then he went over to the side of the Devil, telling him that God intends to overthrow all satanic power from heaven.
For betrayal, God punished Kasyan, ordering him to be beaten on the forehead with a hammer for three years, and in the fourth year he was released to the ground, where he committed unkind deeds.
There are many signs associated with a leap year:
First, in a leap year can't start anything. This applies to important matters, business, major purchases, investments and construction.
Is it possible to get married or get married on a leap year?
A leap year is considered extremely unsuccessful for marriage. Since ancient times, it was believed that a wedding played on a leap year would lead to an unhappy marriage, divorce, infidelity, widowhood, or the marriage itself would be short-lived.
Such a superstition may be due to the fact that in a leap year, girls could woo any young man they liked who could not refuse an offer. Often such marriages were forced, and therefore family life was not set.
However, it is worth treating these signs wisely and understanding that everything depends on the spouses themselves and on how they build relationships. If you still planned a wedding, there are several ways to mitigate the "consequences":
Brides are advised to wear long wedding dress covering the knees to make the marriage durable.
Wedding dress and other wedding accessories not recommended to give to anyone.
The ring should be worn on the hand, not the glove., since wearing a ring on a glove will cause spouses to be frivolous about marriage
To protect the family from troubles and misfortunes, a coin was put in the shoes of the bride and groom.
What can not be done in a leap year?
・In a leap year do not carol at Christmas time because it is believed that you can lose your happiness. Also, according to a sign, a caroler who dresses in an animal or a monster can take on the personality of evil spirits.
· Pregnant women shouldn't cut their hair before giving birth. because the baby may be born unhealthy.
・In a leap year do not start building a bath which can lead to illness.
· Can't pick mushrooms, since it is believed that they all become poisonous.
In a leap year, you do not need to celebrate the appearance baby's first tooth. According to the sign, if you invite guests, your teeth will be bad.
· You can not change jobs or apartments. According to you, the new place will turn out to be bleak and restless.
If a child was born in a leap year, it must be baptize as soon as possible, and godparents to choose among blood relatives.
Older people should not buy things for the funeral because it can bring death closer.
· Can't get divorced because in the future you will not be able to find your happiness.
2018 will be a non-leap year, because an additional 366 day, February 29, is added only once every four years. The previous leap year was 2016, which means the next one will only be in 2020.
All leap years are listed in the table below:
How many days in 2018
The question is how many days will be in 2018 365 or 366 many people are interested. Working hours, calculation of interest on loans and deposits, payroll and much more depend on the number of days in a year. Since the year is not a leap year, then the duration of 2018 will be 365 days.
In addition, whether 2018 is a leap year or not, people who are inclined to believe in superstitions and folk signs are interested. After all, folk wisdom claims that a leap year brings tragedies, illnesses, big and small troubles.
So, for example:
- February 29, the so-called Kasyanov day, is the worst day for the birth of a baby. Not only is a person born on this unlucky day predicted the same unfortunate fate, but he can also celebrate his birthday only once every four years!
- It is considered extremely bad luck to get married on a leap year. People say that such a family will not live together for a long time. the imminent disintegration of the family, betrayal and misfortune, up to the death of the spouses.
- If the child was born in a leap year, it is necessary to carry out the rite of baptism as soon as possible. In this case, godparents must be blood relatives.
2018 is the year of the widow or widower
Another popular belief states that the year following the leap year will be the year of the widow, and the year of the widow is followed by the year of the widower. Since the leap year was 2016, then 2018 is the year of the widower. That is, according to superstitions, in couples that will play a wedding during 2018, the man will remain a widower.
Modern astrologers and psychics categorically deny such signs and strongly advise young people to set a wedding date for 2018. After all, according to the Chinese horoscope, the coming year will be the year of the Dog, and this zodiac animal is a symbol of home comfort and tranquility.
Another "consolation" for people prone to superstition: there are no statistics that could confirm the facts about the years of a widow or widower. The Orthodox Church also opposes such prejudices - the main guarantee of a strong family is mutual love and respect.
How to find out what year is a leap year
Determining a leap year or not is quite simple. You can, for example, remember which last year was a leap year and count periods of four years, because it is with such a frequency that a “leap year” occurs - for every fourth year.
Also, if you don't remember when the leap year was, there is a simple rule by which you can calculate how many days in a year are 365 or 366:
If the year you are interested in can be divided by 4 without a remainder, then the year is a leap year and it has 366 days. All other years have a duration of 365 days and are not leap years.
As with every rule, there is an exception here: years with zeros at the end are leap years only if they are a multiple of 400. That is, 2000 was a leap year, but 1900, 1800, 1700 were not.
For most people who believe in omens, it is very important to know in advance all the most important information about some time period. In particular, this applies to the leap year of a particular year, since some warnings are associated with the noted situation. According to popular interpretation, it is during periods lasting not the usual 365, but 366 days that one should be afraid of various cataclysms, conflicts, wars and other misfortunes. Probably, it is for this reason that the question of whether 2019 is a leap year or not is considered so relevant.
Leap year concept
Anyone who truly believes in the destructive power of an extra day in February can breathe a sigh of relief - 2019 is made up of the standard number of days (365).
For the first time, the very concept of a leap year appeared in the time of Julius Caesar. The great ruler ordered that the best astronomers of that time introduce the concept of an astronomical year and determine the number of days of which it consists. After some time, the result was ready - the year is formed from 365 days and 6 additional hours. It turns out that each subsequent period should have been shifted forward by 6 hours. To solve the problem of equalizing the time frames, it was decided to introduce the concept of a leap year - a period of time in which there will be 1 day more than in a standard year. Caesar liked this idea, and since then every fourth year has been considered “special”.
Since the last leap year was 2016, the next year will be the same fate in 2020. On the one hand, there can be nothing wrong with an extra 24 hours a year, but on the other hand, it is impossible to imagine such a vast number of superstitions invented from scratch. What lies behind all these instructions and is it worth believing in them at all?
Notes on leap year
If we consider the situation from a logical point of view, the marked time period differs from the typical one by only 1 additional day. Among the people, such an outcome is of the utmost importance. Earlier, February 29 was called the day of Kasyan - an unlucky day when various troubles happen to a person.
According to folk beliefs, you can’t start something new on a leap year, because you still can’t achieve the proper result. Any novelty in the designated year causes a negative outcome and adversity. In fact, in a period of 366 days, you should not plan a wedding, move, change jobs, or even get pets. All this list of cases is recommended to be postponed until next year. Also at this hour, you should not start construction, go on long trips and cut your hair during pregnancy until the birth itself.
In fact, everyone decides for himself whether to believe in the warnings listed. You should not take all the signs too close to your heart either, otherwise you will have to “walk on tiptoe” every 4 years of your own life. Just earlier, when people could not explain the cause of some kind of cataclysm or misfortune, the leap year became the main culprit of all troubles. In fact, disasters happen all the time, don't they?
Leap year wedding
A separate topic for discussion is the ban on marriage in a year consisting of 366 days. According to the signs, such a union will be 100% unhappy and will definitely fall apart in the future. For this reason, most modern couples who decide to legitimize their relationship delay this process to a more standard time period.
In fact, such a sign is too contradictory. In the old days, the leap year was called the period of brides. According to the ancient custom, the girls themselves had the opportunity to woo the guy they liked, and the most interesting thing is that he could not refuse. Taking advantage of this opportunity, the most inconspicuous brides chose the most wealthy and prominent gentlemen as grooms, with whom they were usually secretly in love. It was because of the inequality of the couple that such unions very soon broke up, since there was no happiness at all. Therefore, there was a belief that marriage in a leap year is a bad idea.
The clergy who conduct the wedding ceremony insist that the well-being of the couple depends entirely on the newlyweds themselves. And neither which a leap year or a wedding at the wrong time cannot disturb the harmony between the future spouses, if such exists.
What should we expect from 2019?
Since the described period is not a leap year, even those who firmly believe in the signs associated with this time can breathe a sigh of relief - the next 12 months will pass in relative calm. According to astrologers, in 2019 it will be possible to resolve many conflict situations, finally say goodbye to the crisis, and establish new contacts. This is due to the mistress of the described period - the Yellow Pig, which is a symbol of friendliness, joy, tranquility and prudence.
In the love sphere, 2019 is considered a great time to start a family, have a baby, forge a romantic connection or restore friendships. Many lonely hearts will get a chance to find destiny and long-awaited happiness.
The stars indicate that 2019 is considered the perfect time to start your own business or move up the career ladder. The pig symbolizes faith in one's own strength, determination and endless hope for the best. Those who will show the noted qualities will have good luck for the whole year. Many will be able to realize their own potential and reach their intended heights. True, it should be understood that sooner or later the time will come when you will have to answer for every decision made, whatever it may be.
2019 will not be very different from 2018 or 2017, because it has a standard number of days - 365. Simply put, in the described period, you can safely get married, get married, move to a new place of residence, travel, make non-standard decisions and not be afraid of bad influence from the outside. A small clarification - every year, whether it is a leap year or not, brings with it not only joy and carelessness, but also life's hardships and difficulties. To cope with any adversity, it is enough to always remain in a good mood and illuminate this world with a radiant smile.
