Cherry varieties: reviews. What varieties of cherries exist in nature The best varieties of cherries for the northern regions

Cherry variety "Rusinka" became the property of VSTISP with the participation of the Suzdal GSU of the Vladimir Region. Breeders A. Mikheev and V. Yagunov. Valued for moderate growth, self-fertility, high yield.

Mature cherry tree cultivar "Rusinka" does not exceed 2 m in height. It has a rounded, medium thickened crown, consisting of drooping shoots. The trunk is covered with dark gray bark with relatively deep longitudinal cracks. Lateral branches are predominantly horizontal. The color of the cover of young shoots is light brownish. The number of lentils is limited.

Generative buds are conical, slightly deviated relative to the shoot. Leaf plates of medium size, dark green color, obovate shape. The base of the leaf is broadly wedge-shaped, and the apex is pointed. The leaf surface is somewhat curved along the central vein, leathery, matte. The underside of the leaf is hairless. The edges are indented with doubly crenate teeth. The length of the petiole is medium, the color does not stand out, the glands are not expressed.

Generative buds of cherry varieties "Rusinka" have a rounded shape, brownish color, medium size. They are laid, as a rule, on bouquet branches. No more than 3-4 flowers are united in inflorescences. Their petals are white, slightly corrugated, broadly elliptical in shape. The corolla is flat, medium in size. In the center of 5 freely spaced petals, a lot of stamens are concentrated, in which the stigma of a short pistil is recessed. Flower calyx goblet-shaped. The edges of the sepals are uniform, without serrations. Pedicel of medium size, surrounded by bracts.

Ripe cherry fruits "Rusinka" medium-sized, weighing about 3.5 g, wide-heart-shaped, dark red in color. Peduncle of medium size, with enlarged stipules. The place of separation is dry. The stone is medium-sized, by volume it does not exceed 8% of the size of the fetus. It is elliptical, smooth, light brown, easily detachable.

Cherry fruit pulp "Rusinka" dark red, medium dense, juicy, sweet and sour. Independent tasting score 4.2 points. The chemical composition includes more than 17% solids, 12% sugars, 1.5% fruit acids. Harvest recommended for technical processing.

This variety is characterized by late flowering and fruit ripening, which occurs in several stages. Full, regular fruiting occurs in 4-year-old seedlings. Productivity is high - more than 12 kg from an adult tree.

"Rusinka" belongs to the group of self-fertile high-yielding varieties cherries. At flower buds and annual growths, increased frost resistance is noted, while wood has a relative one. During the spring thaw, the resistance of flowers to return frost average. Heat and drought tolerance are average. Trees are susceptible to pathogens and fungal pathogens.

Cherry varieties

Perhaps you will be interested :

Cherry is one of the most popular fruit-bearing trees in our garden. It can be found in almost any garden. Breeders have bred a large number of varieties that are very diverse in their characteristics. One of them, namely the Youth cherry, will be discussed in this article. Here we will consider the description of this variety, its characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.

Variety Description

The Youth cherry variety was bred by breeders as a result of crossing the Vladimir and Lyubskaya cherries. Refers to the type of common cherry (such as varieties Rusinka, Morozovka, Mayak, etc.) In terms of its characteristics and properties, it is similar to the Malinovka variety. Today it is widely used. It can be found in Ukraine, Belarus, Russia.

This type of cherry can be represented by both a tree and a bush. Appearance tree is shown in the photo below.

The maximum height that a tree or bush can grow to is 2.5 meters. The crown of this variety is slightly drooping and rounded. The leaves of the Youth cherry are medium in size and bright green in color. The pattern of the leaf blade is characterized by crenate edges.

bear fruit given Cherry tree starts on increments with previous year, as well as bouquet branches.

For a youth variety, precocity is characteristic. Begins to bear fruit at the age of four. The berries ripen in mid-July. Its fruits can reach a mass of 4.5 g. They are oval in shape, up to a centimeter in diameter (photo below). Variety Youth brings sweetish-sour fruits. The fruits have a dense pulp, which is very juicy. Cherry juice is dark red in color. The stone is medium in size and quite easily separated from the pulp. The youth variety, according to the tasting characteristics of its fruits, belongs to dessert varieties. Its fruits are used for food fresh, and for all conservation options. Compotes, preserves, jams and marmalade are cooked from berries.

From one bush or tree during the fruitful period, you can harvest up to 12 kg of crop.

This type of youth cherry belongs to the group with medium winter hardiness. The resistance of flower buds is also average. According to the description, it is similar to the Vladimir variety. This cherry has an average resistance to various diseases (coccomycosis and moniliosis) and microorganisms. Especially often the tree is sick during the period of humid and warm summer.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantage of this type of cherry is that it is one of the most reliable varieties in terms of yield, which are presented in the nurseries of all major cities (Moscow, Kyiv, Minsk, etc.).

The advantages also include:

• variety self-fertility;
• precocity;
• resistance to the most dangerous fungal diseases;
• high yield;
• the presence of large and juicy fruits;
• easy separation of the bone from the pulp;
• excellent taste characteristics of berries;
• good transportability;
• resistance of flowers and wood to the influence of eastern dry air, as well as cold winters, severe frosts.

Such cherries can be used as a pollinator for other, later varieties.

Enough bright and significant flaws for this species fruit tree not found. The main disadvantages of such a cherry are as follows:

• the need for annual treatment with funcidal preparations that will reduce the risk of developing fungal infections;
• resistance to various infections decreases in humid and warm climates;
• the need for the correct selection of the landing site, on which the growth of the seedling directly depends. Poorly ventilated and flat areas are not suitable for it;
• annual feeding of the tree with phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium is necessary. With a lack of these elements in the soil, the yield is significantly reduced;
• tendency to overgrow.

However, the advantages of this cherry overlap its disadvantages.

How to grow

In order for your tree to bear fruit perfectly, and the quality of the crop to be excellent, it is necessary to properly plant, grow and care for it.

The best time for planting youth cherries is spring. You need to plant this tree on the hills and in well-lit areas of the garden, where people pass close ground water and the soil is slightly alkaline or neutral. Planting is carried out in a hole with parameters of 40x80 cm (depth, diameter), into which organic fertilizers are added before planting.

Feed every spring after planting. nitrogen fertilizers, the amount of which depends on the age of the tree. And in the fall, top dressing is carried out with potash and phosphate fertilizers. For better growth manure or compost is also added to the soil.

Cherry is very fond of water, so it is recommended to water it more often. Prophylactic treatment should be carried out annually in order to prevent infection. Since its crown is prone to thickening, pruning is carried out during the growth of cherries (spring or autumn).

Selection fruit trees knows no boundaries. Every year, scientists breed new varieties of cherries and their hybrids. Culture is classified according to several criteria.

The first criterion by which distribution occurs is the type of tree. By this indicator, one can determine not only productivity, but also a region favorable for growing. dwarf plants allow you to create an unsurpassed landscape design. Adherents of familiar trees insist that hybrids do not give such a smell when flowering as real primordial cherries.

Treelike

The trees grow up to six meters in height. They usually have a well developed root system. The spreading of the crown corresponds to the growth of the roots, so it is voluminous and branched. In some varieties, excessive branch entanglement can cause difficulties in harvesting. Tree cherries do not lose popularity in the market. Fruiting occurs on bouquet inflorescences. On shoots, 40 centimeters long, group buds are formed. Some of them will bear fruit, and the rest are intended for the growth of new branches. The species is represented by the following varieties:

• Rusinka;
• Turgenevka;
• Zhukovskaya.

Cherry Memory Voronchikhina is also often found among representatives of this type of culture, although the height of the tree does not exceed 3-4 meters. This previously self-fertile tree has large dark-colored fruits with unsurpassed taste. The crown is spreading, round.

Intermediate

This type is something between a bush and a tree. This is the main difference. The fruits also grow on bouquet branches. The best varieties cherries of an intermediate class - Muse and Bystrinka. In the West, they are often used in cherry breeding. This is necessary to reduce the intensity of tree growth. In general, the class is represented not large quantity It has no options and special advantages over the previous type. Most felt types are also intermediate. At felt cherry completely absent root growth which gives it significant advantages.

bushy

These species come from a dwarf culture known as Chinese cherry. They are characterized by strong immunity developed over many years. Bushy varieties in size are consistent with the name of the species. Outwardly, they look like small bushes up to two meters. The fruits have a small sharp bone, and the taste is with spicy sourness.

But the breeders decided that it was necessary to improve bushy plants, add to them the characteristics of classic trees. As a result, dwarf crops with delicious sweet cherries appeared. standard sizes. In bushy plants, fruits are formed on branches, long shoots. The crown practically does not grow, excluding branching. The following varieties are known:

• Crimson;
• Youth
• Troitskaya;
• Vladimirskaya.

Trinity cherry is one of the most good options. The bush has a multi-stemmed structure, and the fruits weigh at least 4.5 grams. Dark cherries are very sweet and juicy. Upon reaching optimal time they become almost black, which means they are filled with a lot of vitamins. Culture is different good level winter hardiness. That is why cherry for the northern regions has earned popularity in the Urals.

By maturity

Temperature is one of key indicators that determines the productivity of a plant. Knowing what kind of climate prevails in your strip, you can choose the best varieties of cherries.

Early

The description of most representatives indicates the full ripening of the fruit already at the end of June. Among early varieties pink cherry is often found. Its flowering creates incredible beauty on the site. In addition, the fruits have a good chemical composition, optimal sugar content and ascorbic acid. Pink flowers attract the attention of others and delight the eye of the owner.

• Vladimirovskaya;
• Anthracite;
• Dawn of Tataria;
• Bagryanka.

These species have a good reputation and are characterized by abundant fruiting. But some representatives have low resistance to fungal diseases.

Medium

One of the brightest representatives is the Mtsensk cherry. The tree itself is no more than two meters in height with a dense spreading oval-shaped crown. The culture bears fruit on branches and bouquet inflorescences. Such versatility saves the owner from constant worries of being left without a crop, but it also requires special knowledge to correct pruning crowns. Experts gave the crop an estimate of 3.8 points. However, the plant has more significant advantages. The fruits are juicy, dark red. Like most medium varieties, Mtsensk brings a harvest in mid-June-July. Lada and Ryazanochka are also popular.

Late

The Tambov class of fruit trees belongs to late varieties. They bear abundant fruit, the branches are strewn with inflorescences, from which large and juicy delicacies then grow. The fruits can be harvested in August. The most common late varieties:

• Lyubskaya;
• Tamaris;
• erudite;
• A toy.

In fact, there is a very thin line between mid-season and late species. In one region weather may be so favorable that the fruits ripen earlier than expected. Big role also plays a fertile soil. It accelerates or vice versa slows down growth.

Fruiting

As you know, one of the criteria for selecting a seedling is its ability to self-pollinate itself. When breeding new hybrids, breeders often sacrificed this rule. As a result, cultures were divided into self-fertile and self-fertile. Among them there are dessert and table varieties with excellent taste.

self fertile

There are many varieties of self-fertile species. All of them require neither human help nor insects to pollinate themselves. Anther and pollen are at the same level, due to which the genetic material merges through the wind. Cherry Rastorguevskaya belongs to the early ones. It is characteristic that in such types the resistance of the bark to frost is reduced. But they recover quickly after being attacked. low temperatures. Trees can be propagated by stem method. Known varieties this group:

• Lada;
• Chocolate girl;
• Dessert Volzhskaya;
• Nord Star.

It is known that only 40% of all flowering is destined to bear fruit. This is a fairly high figure compared to self-fertile cherries.

self-infertile

This type is firmly entrenched in the modern market. Despite the difference in yield, self-fertile cherries give nice results on the black earth. Experienced gardeners select the following varieties:

• Timiryazevsky;
• Griot of Moscow;
• Muse;
• Gnome.

Video "Rules for the care of cherries"

From this video you will learn how to properly care for a cherry tree.

Variety of selection VSTISP and Suzdal state variety plot of the Vladimir region. Authors: A.M. Mikheev, V.P. Yagunov.

Wood below average growth (about 2.0 m), with a rounded, slightly drooping crown of medium density. The foliage of the crown is medium. The bark of the bole is dark gray with longitudinal cracks. The direction of growth of lateral shoots is almost horizontal. The color of the bark is light brown. The number of lentils is very small. The kidney is slightly deviated in relation to the shoot. Leaf blade obovate, medium size. Leaf color is dark green. The top of the leaf is bluntly pointed, the base is broadly wedge-shaped. The leaf blade is slightly curved along the central vein. The consistency of the leaf blade is leathery. The upper surface of the sheet is matte. The pubescence of the underside of the leaf blade is absent. The type of serration of the leaf edge is double-crested. Petiole middle length, not painted. There are no irons. The inflorescence has few flowers. Corolla of medium diameter, flat. Petals are white, broadly oval, slightly corrugated, freely arranged. The stigma is small, located above or below the anthers. stamens in in large numbers, short. Goblet shaped cup. The sepals are not serrated. The pestle is short. Pedicel of medium length, with bracts. Fruits mainly on bouquet twigs.

Fetus medium size (3.4 g), wide heart shape. The color of the skin and pulp of the fruit is dark red, the juice is red. pulp medium density. Peduncle of medium length, medium thickness, with large stipules. The stone is oval, of great length, of medium width and small thickness, of medium size - 0.28 g, which is 8.2% of the weight of the fetus; light brown. Detachment of the stalk from the fruit is dry. The pulp of the fruit is dark red, juicy, sweet-sour taste (4.0 points). The juice is dark red. The stone is well separated from the pulp. Variety mainly for technical purposes. Fresh fruits contain dry matter - 17%, sugars - 11.5%, organic acids - 1.4%, ascorbic acid - 15.8 mg / 100g.

Variety of medium flowering time, late ripening. The fruits do not ripen at the same time. Enters fruiting at 3-4 years of age. Fruiting is regular. The variety is self-fertile, fruitful (8-10 kg of fruit per tree). The winter hardiness of the tree, annual growths and flower buds is high, while the winter hardiness of wood is low. flower resistance to spring frosts average. Drought resistance and heat resistance are average. Moderately sensitive to pathogens of fungal diseases. The defeat of coccomycosis by 1.5-2.0 points.

Flaws: fruits of medium size, mainly for technical purposes.