How to process apple trees in spring. Spraying during the formation of flower buds. Onion, garlic seed

With the advent of autumn, the work of gardeners does not decrease. It is necessary to have time to harvest and preserve the crop, as well as prepare the trees for wintering. This is a crucial stage, as well-done work will help get rid of diseases, prevent spring breeding pests, painlessly for trees to survive frosts and invasions of rodents, and increase future yields. Autumn work in the apple orchard includes, in addition to top dressing, watering and pruning, chemical treatment by spraying, whitewashing the trunk with pre-treatment and warming.

What diseases of apple trees appear in autumn?

Caring gardeners in the hope of bountiful harvest the whole season, starting from the first warm days, they are fighting pests and diseases of apple trees. How great is the disappointment when autumn meets not with branches abundantly strewn with apples, but with new diseases.

Autumn infections of apple trees

Autumn processing is required when diseases are detected on apple trees:

If in autumn the fruits are covered with dark brown spots and cracks, the leaves dry up prematurely and die, and a brown or green coating is observed on the inside of the crown, the apple tree was struck by a fungal disease - scab. Autumn treatment with urea at the rate of half a kilogram per 10 liters of water will help to cope with this scourge.
Ulcerative lesions of the bark - citisporosis, which in advanced cases acquire a red-brown hue and lead to the death of not only individual branches, but the entire plant, are removed by removing the affected areas and branches, as well as by preventive whitewashing and spraying with Homa's solution.
Whitewashing and removing infected branches helps in the fight against black and European cancer that has arisen on old trees.
Dark spots on the trunk and bark may indicate a milky sheen. Pre-winter treatment in the form of spraying and whitewashing will prevent the spread or occurrence of the disease.
The emerging lichen requires removal by cleaning the trunk and treating with 3% iron sulphate or oxalic acid.
The tinder fungi are cut from the tree and the cut site is disinfected with 5% copper sulphate, after which they are covered with garden pitch.
In autumn, sun-frost burns are activated, which appear due to temperature changes. Reddish spots of burns are cut off, followed by treatment with a mixture of clay and mullein or garden putty. Whitewashing with lime and tying will help prevent winter burns.

Photo gallery of apple diseases

In autumn, scab can become active on an apple tree. Lichen quickly spreads through a tree.
Cancer leads to the death of the tree Cytosporosis affects the bark of apple trees

Latent infections

Experienced gardeners know that, in addition to obvious manifestations of diseases, hidden infections are hidden in fallen leaves and in the bark of trees, which will manifest themselves with renewed vigor with the advent of spring:

To combat powdery mildew, which winters well in an apple tree without appropriate measures, use 1% Bordeaux liquid, as well as a solution of copper sulfate, diluting 50 g. in a bucket of water, and adding 20 gr. soap.
Brown spotting will prevent the burning of fallen infected leaves and the treatment of the crown with Bordeaux liquid.
You can destroy moniliosis by collecting all the carrion and digging up the ground.

Wintering pests

Apple pests have also prepared for winter, which have taken refuge in the bark, fallen leaves or soil:

gimlet beetles have chosen the topsoil;
bark beetle weevil larvae settled inside the branches;
the silkworm hid in the cracks in the bark;
the bog has managed to make passages under the bark and lay larvae;
young bark beetles settled under the bark;
the winter moth, having become active by September, laid a larva near the kidneys;
the goose settled both in the bark and in the soil under the leaves;
ticks and psyllids, apple moth, leafworms, apple flower beetle and codling moth overwinter perfectly in the bark.

Methods of treatment and control of diseases and pests

Can't be overestimated autumn treatments apple trees. After all, they not only help the tree survive the cold, but also allow you to prevent diseases and partially destroy pests. The set of autumn works includes:

pruning of branches and shoots;
trunk cleaning;
spraying;
whitewash;
collection of foliage and carrion;
digging the soil and mulching;
stem tying.

How to spray apple trees in the fall and is it possible?

Autumn spraying helps prevent fungal and putrefactive infections, as well as destroy pests hiding in the crown, bark and soil.

Important! Spraying in the fall is preventive in nature and does not cancel the spring treatments of the garden.

Autumn spraying allows you to get rid of diseases and pests

Targets and timing of spraying: September or October?

Work begins after leaf fall. More early spraying will lead to foliage burns and premature shedding, which is detrimental to the tree. Depending on the region, they plan to carry out treatments at the end of October, November. But do not put it off until the last minute, you need to have time to carry out work before frost.

A clear sunny day is chosen. Precipitation and wind not only interfere with work, but also reduce the effectiveness of drugs to "zero", inflating and washing off the solution.

Spray Equipment

The times of spraying with a broom are long gone, although this option is also suitable in extreme cases. The choice of sprayers for work in the garden allows you to focus on the best option, taking into account the cost of the unit and functionality:

The manual device is suitable for processing seedlings, not tall trees and focal processing. An inexpensive device makes the gardener work hard manually.
Pump-action mechanical units allow you to work with taller trees, as they are equipped with a hose and telescopic rod. Spraying occurs automatically, but requires periodic pumping of air to raise the pressure.
Hydraulic sprayers significantly reduce the processing time, as the pressure is maintained constantly and does not distract the gardener for additional manipulations. But not available to everyone due to non-budgetary cost.
For owners of large garden plantings, cordless sprayers powered by electricity or gasoline will come in handy.

Important! Don't forget about your own safety. Protective clothing, gloves and goggles, a respirator will prevent chemicals from entering. After working with the preparations, send the clothes to the launderer.

Photo gallery of spraying equipment

A battery sprayer is needed to process large gardens The hydraulic sprayer will speed up garden work Pump sprayer - indispensable assistant in the treatment of tall trees

Preparatory stage

Before processing, it is necessary to inspect the tree. Finding places of infection or accumulation of pests, remove them. Insects like to hide under the bark, so it is necessary to destroy not only the visible larvae, but also to clean the old bark.

The overgrowth and damaged branches are also pruned, after which the cut points are processed with garden pitch. Cleaning under the tree of fallen fruits, branches and debris is also provided.

All infected and contaminated materials are removed from the site and incinerated.

Check the performance of the sprayer and the ability to reach distant branches. A stepladder might come in handy.

Thoroughly dilute the preparations, achieve a homogeneous mixture and no separation. During operation, the solution is stirred or shaken several times.

Carefully! Poorly diluted composition will lead to uneven processing of wood. Areas that have received a more concentrated composition, due to burns, can lead to the death of the apple tree.

Spraying technologies with various preparations: urea, vitriol and others

Preparations for autumn processing are selected individually, depending on the diseases and pests common in the garden:

Urea is capable of destroying most larvae. But since the product is aggressive, it is advisable to apply it after the foliage has completely fallen off. For young seedlings, two liters of solution is enough. Mature trees require up to 10 liters. Autumn processing is carried out with a more concentrated composition. If spraying is carried out with incompletely fallen leaves, a 5% solution is prepared. For a tree without foliage, a 7–10% composition is used. Not only the trunk and branches, but also the soil with fallen leaves are subject to processing.

Copper sulfate will help to cope with moniliosis, anthracnose and scab. Indispensable in the fight against ticks, stalks and other beetles.

Copper sulfate will destroy fungal diseases and insect larvae

Bordeaux mixture is useful for the prevention of fungal diseases of the tree, monilial burns, clasterosporiasis, coccomycosis. In autumn, a 3% solution is applied. You can purchase a ready-made mixture or make a solution yourself, for which dilute in 20 liters of water slaked lime(400 gr.) And blue vitriol (300 gr.).

To prepare the Burgundy 3% mixture, soda ash (250 gr.) And blue vitriol (300 gr.) are used. Also, dissolved laundry soap is added to the water for better adhesion.

Remember! Copper sulfate is an aggressive drug. Breed away from people and animals and do not allow it to enter water bodies and wells.

Inkstone - unique drug. It will saturate the tree and soil with iron, and at the same time destroy pests and cope with lichen, moss, scab, as well as cytosporosis and black cancer. Spraying treatment in the fall are subjected to and trunk circle, and a tree.

"Preparation 30" does not contain toxic substances. Its effect on insects, their larvae and eggs is due to the formation of a thin film that disrupts gas exchange and water balance pests. To prepare the solution, take 200 gr. drug in 10 liters of water.

Processing with diesel fuel is allowed in a highly diluted form and only after the foliage has completely fallen off. Some gardeners recommend working with petroleum products after the first frost. To prepare the solution, take 10 parts of diesel fuel to 9 parts of water and 1 part of soap. This composition forms a film that makes it impossible for insects to breathe.

Features of processing various trees

Young trees require a careful approach. To determine the reaction to the composition and prevent the death of the seedling, they process small plot and observe for two days for the reaction. If the tree reacted normally, there were no burns or other signs of wilting, they proceed to complete processing.

Before spraying young apple trees, a trial treatment is carried out.

Dwarf trees and columnar apple trees are much easier to handle. It is enough to carefully spray the solution, going around the plant.

Before processing mature trees, lichens, moss and old bark, in which pests hide, are preliminarily removed.

Autumn whitewashing of apple trees

An apple orchard with whitewashed trunks among snowdrifts looks bewitching and fabulous. But whitewashing in the fall is not aesthetic, but practical and preventive.

Useful properties and terms

Whitewashing with lime can prevent:

Impact sun rays. The white coating reflects the rays and prevents sunburn, overheating and cracking of the bark.
The appearance of frost holes during the day does not allow overheating, and at night - freezing.
The vital activity of pathogens and pests hiding under the bark.
Damage to the tree by small rodents in the winter.

Autumn whitewashing will help the apple tree to overwinter

Work is carried out before frost, but after the main fall of foliage. October is considered optimal, when the rains have not yet begun. It is better to whitewash trees on a clear day, which does not portend precipitation, at an air temperature above +2 ° C.

What will be needed?

It is best to use brushes for whitewashing. You can speed up the process by linking several brushes together. But gardeners also use sprayers, spray guns or a sponge for whitewashing.

Lime compositions for whitewashing are very popular among gardeners.

Compositions for whitewashing use various in the form of:

Ready store whitewash, which does not require additional preparation, but is quickly washed off.
Acrylic paint that creates protective film and is not washed away by rains, but is not suitable for young trees, and makes it impossible for apple trees to breathe.
Water-based paint, which requires the addition of copper sulfate to protect against pests.
Lime mixture prepared from 2 kg of lime, diluted in a bucket of water with the addition of 300 gr. vitriol and clay. Such a mixture is easy to prepare, but not stable and requires repeated application.
Mixtures of lime slaked in water at the rate of 2 kg per bucket of water with the addition of 400 gr. copper sulfate and 100 gr. carpentry or wallpaper glue.

To improve stickiness, glue, clay or manure are added to lime compositions.

Training

Before whitewashing is carried out preparatory work which include:

Stem cleaning. A tarp or film is laid out under the tree, which will help to collect bad bark. From the trunk up to the skeletal branches, the old dead bark, moss and lichens are carefully removed. Such work is carried out in wet weather, when the bark has softened and is easily removed by hand. It is undesirable to use metal scrapers or brushes so as not to injure the wood. A wooden knife is used to clean the recesses and dimples. After cleaning, all waste must be disposed of by incineration.
Disinfection. Disinfect the cleaned places by spraying or applying an ash-soap solution, a Bordeaux mixture or a HOM preparation. The solution is sprayed around the trunk so that the liquid does not drain, but stick to the tree.
Closing wounds. Damaged areas, cuts, wounds, cracks require careful sealing. To do this, use a clay talker or garden var.

Cleaning the bark before whitewashing allows you to remove a large number of pest larvae

Technology

The prepared composition for whitewashing is thoroughly stirred until the lumps completely disappear. Whitewash is applied to the trunk and lower parts of the skeletal branches. The coating thickness is 2–3 mm. Therefore, compositions with lime are applied several times. The solution should have the density of sour cream and flow freely down the trunk. Do not spare the solution, a thick coating will reliably protect the tree in winter. The remaining solution is sprayed around the trunk circle.

Peculiarities

For young trees do not use concentrated formulations, acrylic or water-based paint. Processing is carried out only with lime compositions diluted with water twice the norm.

For young apple trees, a less concentrated composition is prepared.

Seedlings do not whiten at all. Banding material is used to protect the stamps.

The result of whitewashing is determined after the compositions have dried. If the color does not turn out to be saturated white, apply a few more layers. Falling whitewash requires a complete redo of the work.

Other methods of pest control

In addition to whitewashing and spraying, pest control uses:

Pruning helps to remove damaged, diseased, burnt branches. Insects settled on some branches and shoots. They are cut and burned.
Loosening near-stem circles violates the thermal insulation of places where pests accumulate. This method is the prevention of rapid reproduction of insects in the spring.
For preventive purposes, fallen leaves are removed. By composting it, you can prevent the activation of spores of clusterosporiosis, coccomycosis.
Tying trunks with insulating materials will not only increase winter hardiness, but also prevent damage by rodents.
Poisonous baits are placed in the garden to kill mice.

Do not spray on each tree individually. It is better to spend more time and treat the entire garden in one go. This will prevent pests from moving onto untreated trees.

Do not overdo it with the amount of spraying preparations. More concentrated compounds can kill a tree. This advice also applies to the amount of mortar used to treat wood. It is undesirable to overdo it here.

But whitewashing is not worth saving. The thicker the layer of the applied composition, the stronger its protective functions.

Video: Painting apple trees

Take apple orchard due attention in autumn. Competent care is required for both mature and weakened trees, as well as young and quite healthy plantations. Annual autumn treatments will improve the health of the trees, prevent spring problems, and will also become the key to future harvests.

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Types of spraying agents

Preparations for processing apple trees are divided into:

biological;
chemical;
complex.

Biological

At the heart of the creation of biological agents are viruses and bacteria that can destroy insect pests and pathogens of fungal diseases. Their validity period is gradual and is 14 days. Such preparations are used for the treatment of apple trees during the period of the appearance of ovaries after flowering (end of May).

Biological agents include:

trichodermin;
planris;
pentaphage-C;
bitoxybacillin;
actofit;
lepidocid.

Bitoxibacillin, 80 rubles Trichodermin, 350 rubles. Planariz, 209 rubles. Aktofit, 314 rubles. Lepidocid, 180 rubles. Pentaphage-S, 103 rubles.

Chemical

The most effective drugs in the fight against various pests and fungal diseases are chemical agents. They pose some danger to human health. When using them, you must strictly observe the necessary safety measures and the exact dosage of the drug. Substances decay within 21 days, this must be taken into account when choosing the timing of their use.

The following types of chemicals are used:

urea (carbamide);
copper sulfate;
inkstone;
Speed;
Bi-58.

Carbamit, 152 rubles. Speed, 98 rubles. Bi-58, 420 rubles.

Complex

The composition of the combined preparations includes both chemical and biological components. Such tools allow for the simultaneous fight against pathogens of fungal infections and various types of pests. With the help of insecticides, it is possible to destroy not only harmful insects but also their larvae and eggs.

Depending on the method of exposure to insect pests, preparations are divided into contact and complex (systemic) agents. Contacts infect harmful insects immediately after interacting with them. Such preparations are very effective to care for the garden, but their effect lasts for 7 days in dry weather. In case of rain, they are quickly washed off.

The main characteristic of systemic (complex) preparations is that they are able to penetrate into the tissues of the tree. Thus, the substances poison insects that eat the bark and foliage of the apple tree, as well as the larvae and eggs that they lay. These drugs retain their damaging properties for 15 days, then they break down into components that are harmless to the apple tree and its fruits.

Processing apple trees in phases

When choosing a means for spraying an apple tree from diseases and pests, its growth phase should be taken into account.

In industrial cultivation, trees must be processed 11 times during the season. Such a number of sprayings is due to the fact that the apple tree is affected by a large number of various pests and diseases.

The complete spray pattern looks like this:

in the period of dormant buds - the first decade of March;
before and during bud break - end of March or beginning of April;
before flowering;
after flowering;
when ovaries appear;
after harvest, in autumn.

If the garden is maintained in good condition and the desire to reduce the number of sprayings can be carried out, only the second, fourth and fifth stages can be treated.

spraying process garden trees shown in the video from the channel In the garden or in the garden.

Before bud break

For the first time, a tree should be treated with complex means for the simultaneous prevention of pests and diseases, such as:

spider mite;
various types of moths;
leaf fleas;
worms;
coccomycosis;
moniliosis;
bacterial burn;
scab.

A good effect is observed after spraying with two complex agents Gart (30 g) and Capture Oil (180 ml), diluted in 10 liters of water. The first drug destroys fungal diseases, and the second - pests.

To folk methods The fight against diseases and pests includes spraying the trunk and branches of a tree with Bordeaux liquid:

We dissolve 100 g of vitriol (copper) in 10 liters of water.
We add 200 g of lime (quicklime) to the solution.

You can spray apple trees with iron sulfate - dissolve 200 g of vitriol (iron) in 10 liters of water.

Effective wood treatment with urea:

Add 550 g of urea to a ten-liter bucket of water.
Dissolve 100 g of vitriol (copper).

Before flowering

Before the apple tree begins to bloom, the crown of the tree should be processed from:

pear sucker;
spider mite;
leaflets;
apple flower beetle.

Can be sprayed on wood by professional means or ash solution, as well as a complex of the above drugs.

After flowering

After the petals of the flowers have fallen, it is advisable to carry out a control spraying in order to destroy:

ticks;
scale insects;
suckers;
apple sawfly.

At the same time, it is necessary to protect the tree from the occurrence of fungal diseases - powdery mildew and scab. A positive effect is observed when spraying an apple tree with an ash solution.

A good result is obtained by treatment with a mixture of chemicals:

Dissolve 4 ml of Antigusin in 8 liters of water.
Add 3 ml of the drug Boxwood.
Add 40 ml of Capture Oil.
Dissolve 10 ml of Antyklish Pro.

Various types of harmful insects can be destroyed with the help of Antyklishch Pro, as well as Capture Oil and Antigusin. Thanks to the use of Boxwood, comprehensive protection of the apple tree is provided.

The video shows the spring processing of the garden. Shot by channel Svetlana-obovsem about GARDEN and GARDEN.

Spray technology

To carry out the process of spraying the garden, you need the appropriate equipment. If the plot small size, then a mechanical device equipped with hand pump. When there are a lot of trees in the garden, it is much better and faster to carry out the procedure using a battery, gasoline or automatic device. Their use allows economical and even use of the solution prepared for spraying.

It is better to treat apple trees from diseases and pests in the evening in the absence of wind and air temperature up to +30 ° C.

Spray apple trees in spring against pests and diseases as follows:

It is necessary to hold the sprayer at a distance of 70 cm from the surface to be treated.
The solution should be evenly sprayed on the trunk, branches and leaves from all sides of the tree.
It is important to process the soil around the trunk.
To maintain the effectiveness of the solution, shake it from time to time.
Spray the entire garden.

Basic Security Measures

To protect plants, pesticides are used, which are unsafe for humans and warm-blooded animals, as they can cause poisoning and even death.

Safety measures to be observed when spraying apple trees:

carry out the spraying procedure only in special clothing (overalls or a bathrobe, boots, glasses, gloves and an apron), use a respirator;
do not spray chemicals children, pregnant and lactating women, sick people;
do not smoke, drink or eat while working with pesticides;
do not irrigate beds with green crops that grow near trees with solutions of pesticides;
thoroughly rinse your mouth, nose, wash your hands and take a shower after work;
do not allow children to be in areas treated with chemicals;
do not irrigate flowering plants to prevent the death of bees;
trees should not be treated strong wind, the scorching sun and immediately after a downpour;
pesticides should be kept locked up and out of the reach of children.

Protecting apple trees from pests with fertilizers and folk remedies

To folk methods used for spring processing apple trees, ash infusion applies. Ash is complex fertilizer, which directly acts on pests, suppressing their vital activity. It also increases the osmotic pressure of apple juice, which leads to difficulties in feeding sucking insects.

Solution preparation method:

Pour the ash (100 g) with a bucket of water (10 l).
Add urea to the solution (1 tbsp. L).

At home, you can prepare garlic tincture for spraying apple trees from diseases and pests:

Chop half a pound of garlic.
Pour chopped garlic with water (5 l).
Leave for two hours.
Strain the solution.
Add water, bringing the volume of the solution to 10 liters.

Also good result in pest control obtained by processing apple trees with infusion of chamomile officinalis.

Collect big harvest apples - the dream of any gardener who grows fruit trees. In order to achieve this goal, you need to remember about regular and timely care behind the apple tree. It includes a whole system of activities, which include multiple spraying of apple trees in the spring. It is in the middle of spring that it is necessary to make the first processing of the tree.

How to properly spray an apple tree, what time is best to do it, what to consider before spraying, what means to use effectively - you need to know about all this in detail so as not to harm the tree and the future crop.

Preparing for spraying in spring

In the spring, at the beginning of March, before spraying, it is necessary to clean the trunk of the apple tree from lichens and old bark. It is necessary to destroy the nests of wintering insects. When pruning an apple tree and forming a crown, it is necessary to cut out annual shoots with overwintered silkworm larvae. Next, we whiten the trunk of the apple tree with lime, after which you can proceed directly to spraying.

To carry out the spraying procedure, you will need a special tool. It is preliminarily dissolved in water in the required proportions and collected in a sprayer.

Before spraying the whole garden, do an experiment: choose one young tree, on the branch of which apply the mixture. If after 2-3 days the branch remains healthy, you can start spraying the entire garden.

It is important to consider the age of apple trees before spraying in the spring. For older trees, a more concentrated solution will be needed, and for young trees, the composition should be more dilute. This is due to the fact that young, fragile branches can easily be chemically burned.

The first stage of wood processing in spring

Spring spraying of apple trees takes place in several stages. The first spraying of apple trees from pests is best done in early spring, namely in mid-March, until the buds open on the tree. Chemical solutions because of their acidity, they can burn swollen kidneys. Daytime air temperature should be up to + 5-6 ° С.

The purpose of spraying at this stage is to prevent the occurrence of fungal diseases, as well as to destroy pests that have hibernated in the garden.

During the dormant period, when the buds have not yet swollen, spraying apple trees in early spring can be done with one of the drugs or a mixture of them:

DNOC solution;
copper sulfate;
nitrafen solution.

Spraying apple trees from aphids with DNOK. For processing, a 1% DNOC solution is used. Spraying is done in the form of washing, paying attention to the aerial part of the tree. It is necessary to carefully soak thin branches, it is in them that aphids like to hibernate. The trunk must be thoroughly rinsed with a solution to destroy the aphid eggs.

Spraying apple trees with copper sulphate prevents such fungal diseases of the tree as scab, moniliosis, anthracnose. The tool effectively prevents wood decay. It is used to clean the hollows that have appeared. A solution is prepared at the rate of 100 grams of 1% vitriol per 10 liters of water. For a young apple tree, 2 liters of the mixture is enough. The older the tree, the more volume will be needed for thorough processing.

Nitrafen solution is a complex drug that destroys harmful insects and their eggs. Spraying with this solution helps prevent the occurrence of such fungal diseases as curl, scab, spotting. To prepare, mix 300 ml of a 3% solution of nitrofen and 10 liters of water.

Advice. At this stage, you can treat the tree in the spring with pre-diluted diesel fuel. Its use will prevent rotting of the tree.

Spraying during bud break in spring

Most often, the second spraying falls on the period from late March to mid-April. The purpose of spraying at the stage of bud break is to control the main pests of apple trees: suckers, mites, aphids.

First of all, you need to process the near-stem area wood ash, repelling ants, which are the main carriers of aphids. Further, at the discretion, you can use the following drugs:

Bordeaux liquid;
copper sulfate;
urea;
inkstone;
chlorophos solution;
suspension of colloidal sulfur.

Bordeaux liquid can be made independently by mixing lime and blue vitriol. Usually take 100 grams of each substance per 10 liters of water. The solution effectively fights fungal diseases of the tree: rot, anthracnose, scab.

Copper sulfate effectively fights pests that have appeared after hibernation in the garden, but you need to be extremely careful with its use at this stage. You can spray an apple tree with this solution at an air temperature of no higher than 30 ° C, otherwise it will become a poison for the tree.

For spraying in the spring during bud break, it is necessary to prepare a more concentrated solution. 1 kilogram of 3-5% copper sulphate is mixed with 15 liters of water.

Ferrous vitriol has a similar effect to the previous solution. However, it is also used as a tree feed with a useful trace element - iron. It is especially important to feed the tree with iron sulphate when the tree and soil are depleted. Iron has a stimulating effect on the growth of the tree, as well as fruiting.

Using a solution iron sulphate, the following diseases can be prevented: scab, black cancer, lichen, cytosporosis.

A solution of chlorophos has been actively used for spraying gardens before, since the days of the USSR. The main advantage of this drug: non-toxicity. It cannot harm a tree or a person. However, over time, its effectiveness disappears - chlorophos can evaporate from the treated surface after 10 days, and in the presence of rainy weather, the time becomes even shorter.

Colloidal sulfur is prepared as follows: 80 grams of the drug is dissolved in 10 liters of water. The resulting product can be mixed with other drugs, with the exception of ferrous sulfate. Colloidal sulfur is used against fungal diseases and some of the pests such as spider mites. Spraying with colloidal sulfur is recommended in stable clear weather, as after rain the effect will disappear.

It is not forbidden to use a soap-ash solution. It acts as a fertilizer and also repels pests. You can use this remedy at intervals of once a week - it will not cause harm, since it consists entirely of natural substances, is easily absorbed by the plant, and does not contain harmful chemicals.

Spraying in spring during flowering

This step should be done only if no treatment was carried out before bud break. If there was such spraying, then you just need to clear the ground of weeds around the tree.

Spraying the apple tree in spring during flowering is aimed at integrated pest control and disease prevention. You can use only one of the following drugs of choice:

Bordeaux liquid;
copper sulfate;
inkstone;
colloidal sulfur.

The methods of their preparation and the purpose of spraying are similar to the descriptions above.

Processing a tree in the spring immediately after flowering

May is the time when the apple tree after flowering should be sprayed immediately. This procedure is carried out in the spring to destroy sawflies, ticks.

Urea is rightfully considered one of the most common means in pest control. It must be diluted in water, use urea in pure form absolutely impossible.

A universal remedy helps not only to destroy pests in the garden, but also to nourish the tree with nitrogen. Better produce root dressing so as not to damage the foliage.

Advice. The concentration for feeding purposes should be less than for pest control purposes.

Spraying apple trees in spring 3 weeks after flowering

The last stage of spraying in the spring falls on the end of May. At this time, copper sulfate and Bordeaux mixture should not be used, since at this stage they bring leaf burns and a "net" on apples. It is recommended to use one of the compositions:

solution of chlorophos and karbofos;
wetting powder DDT with the addition of urea.

Chlorophos in combination with karbofos perfectly kills most insects that can harm trees and future apple crops. Both substances are taken in equal proportions, 65 grams each, and gradually mixed in 10 liters of water.

How to spray apple trees in spring

If you have just started gardening, you have small garden with young animals, then a device with a mechanical pump will suit you. If the garden is already large, and there are a lot of trees, and they are quite high, it is faster and more convenient to cope with the spraying process automatic device. It runs on petrol or battery. Also, for work, you may need an extension cord to process the crown of tall trees.

The tool must be distributed evenly over the entire surface of the tree, even with its inside. It is necessary to observe the distance between the tree and the sprayer - at least 75 centimeters.

The solution must be prepared immediately before spraying, in non-residential premises. During operation, the solution must be periodically shaken in the tank so that its effectiveness does not decrease from stratification.

Advice. Always pay attention to the expiration date of the drug and strictly follow the instructions for use attached to it. Strictly follow the dosage depending on the age of the apple tree.

When spraying even non-toxic products, you must protect yourself with special protective equipment: gloves, a respirator, a protective suit. After the event, which should not last more than 6 hours at a time, you must thoroughly wash yourself with ordinary soap, rinse your mouth clean water. The suit, along with all the clothes, must be sent to the laundry immediately.

During spraying, people who are not protected by special protective equipment, especially small children, should not be in the garden. It is better to lock pets indoors for the period of work in order to prevent them from being poisoned by caustic chemicals.

There is a measure in everything, so there is no need to overdo it, often spraying the garden with chemicals. By doing this, you can only harm the tree, and in the worst case, destroy it.

A generous harvest of apples is the goal of every gardener who grows the appropriate fruit trees. But in order to achieve it, you need to make a lot of effort - you must be prepared for a long and difficult struggle with different kind pests. In particular, one cannot do without high-quality and regular processing of trees. Moreover, it is necessary to spray not just at will, but at specific periods and with specific compositions. When and how to protective measures to protect apple trees from diseases and pests - we tell and show the video in stages below.

Stage number 1: Spraying for prevention

Spring processing is carried out in three stages, the first of which begins in early to mid-March, provided that the temperature level is consistently kept at a mark of at least +5 degrees. the main objective early processing- disease prevention. Before spraying, all trees should be prepared: cut off the crown, remove dead bark and lichen residues, remove dried foliage.

The following compositions are best suited for early processing:

Carry out preventive treatment to avoid the development of garden diseases

Copper sulfate is an active disinfecting fungicide that protects against fungus and decay. Solution recipe: 50 g of vitriol (concentration - 1%) per 5 liters of water. For processing young apple trees - up to 5 years old - 2 liters of solution per tree is enough, for adults - 3-4 liters.
Urea solution - composition against and flower beetle. It most effectively protects the apple tree from scab, and also saturates it with nitrogen, which helps to increase the yield. Solution recipe: 250 g of urea (concentration - 5%) per 5 liters of water.
Nitrofen is a complex-type remedy used to eliminate fungus and gnawing insects, including their eggs and larvae. Protects against common diseases such as blotch, curl and scab. Solution recipe: 150 ml of nitrofen (concentration - 3%) per 5 liters of water.

Stage 2: Spraying before flowering

The second stage of processing is performed before the flowering of apple trees. As a rule, this period falls at the end of March or mid-April, depending on climatic conditions in a specific territorial area. The purpose of spraying is the destruction of the flower beetle, aphids, scale insects, leaf beetles, ticks and other apple pests that come out of hibernation.

Bordeaux solution is a fungicide that effectively destroys eggs, as well as young and adult individuals of most insect pests. Solution recipe: 300 g of vitriol (concentration - 3%) and 300 g of lime per 3 l hot water and 2 liters of cold water. First, vitriol is added to hot water, after thorough stirring, lime is added to them, and then added to the resulting composition cold water. As a result, you should get a solution of a bluish color.

Advice. In the process of preparing the Bordeaux solution, it is important not to overdo it with copper sulphate, as too concentrated a product can burn apple flowers. To check the copper content, use litmus paper - after applying the solution, it should turn blue. If the paper has acquired a reddish tint, increase the lime content.

Colloidal sulfur - destroys plant mites. Solution recipe: 40 g of sulfur per 5 liters of water. It is necessary to spray immediately after preparing the composition.
Lepidocide is a biological agent against gnawing insects. Solution recipe: 70 liters of lepidocide per 6 liters of water. It starts to act very quickly - already after 3-4 hours after spraying is completed: the solution penetrates into the intestines of the insect, provokes its paralysis and subsequent death.

Stage number 3: Spraying after flowering

The third, which is also the last, stage of processing is carried out after the completion of the flowering of apple trees - approximately in mid-May. The purpose of spraying is the elimination of codling moths, moths, mites, leafworms and the fight against diseases caused by these pests.

During flowering, fruit trees cannot be processed.

After flowering is completed, trees can be sprayed with the following compositions:

Benzophosphate is an active insecticide that kills biting and sucking pests. Solution recipe: 35 g of benzophosphate (concentration - 10%) per 5 liters of water.

Karbofos is an insecticide that destroys aphids, mites, codling moth, leafworm. Solution recipe: 30 g of karbofos per 50 liters of water. If the processed apple trees are young and fruitless, 2-3 liters of solution is enough for one tree, if adults - about 7-8 liters of solution.
Chlorophos is an extremely poisonous insecticide for all kinds of beetles and mites. Solution recipe: 35 g of chlorophos per 5 liters of water. Valid for 10 days after spraying.

Technology and Basic Safety Measures

For successful spraying of apple trees, it is not enough to choose the right solution - you also need to know how to use it correctly.

First, choose optimal tool for spraying: for small garden- a mechanical device with a hand pump, for a large one - an electric or gasoline installation. In both cases, you can not do without a special extension for large apple trees.

Secondly, you need to spray the solution over the entire surface of the tree: trunk, branches and leaves. You should also process the soil around the apple trees.

Thirdly, when spraying, it is necessary to maintain a distance between the working device and the tree of at least 70 cm.

Work in a protective suit

Fourth, one processing cycle cannot exceed 6 hours. If young apple trees are being processed, it is recommended to first test the product on one branch and follow the reaction after two days: if there are no burns, you can spray the entire garden, and if burns appear, increase the amount clean water in solution.

Fifthly, the treatment should be carried out at least in the simplest equipment: a tight suit, a gauze bandage or a special respirator, durable rubber gloves, goggles. Spraying is not allowed in too windy weather, as well as after heavy rain.

As you can see, spraying apple trees from pests is a rather troublesome business that requires compliance certain deadlines and proper use of processing aids. Therefore, if you want all your efforts not to be in vain, follow the above rules and safety measures - this is the only way you can count on a big and tasty harvest.

Spring spraying of the garden: video

Processing apple trees in spring: photo

Apple trees awakening from winter sleep need special preparation for the upcoming flowering and fruiting. One of the activities that ensure a quality harvest is the treatment of trees from pests. When, with what and how to spray apple trees from pests in the spring is an important issue for summer residents.

The main pests of the apple tree

To begin with, we list the 10 main "undesirable tenants" of apple orchards.

The sawfly is a small insect similar to a bee. It feeds on the internal parts of the ovaries. Its larvae, after wintering in the ground, get out of their shelters 5-6 days before the apple tree begins to bloom.
Aphid is a sap-sucking insect that colonizes young shoots, weakening them.
The red tick, which also feeds on leaf sap, overwinters in the bark, and is capable of 5-6 renewal cycles per season.
Apple flower beetle - a small brown bug with a proboscis. Its larvae develop in buds, eating them clean.
The codling moth lays eggs on the ovaries. The larvae live directly in apples, often eating them completely.
The apple scale insect infects the bark of trees, weakening them, making them vulnerable to incurable diseases, bark beetles.
Apple moth is dangerous because butterflies appear only in autumn. In the spring, the trees destroy its caterpillars, gnawing all the green parts. In advanced cases, apple trees remain without foliage and, accordingly, without fruits.
Copperhead (leaflet) is a small insect whose larvae feed on juices and leave traces - droplets of a sticky liquid that glues the petals of unopened buds and unopened leaves.
Leaflet. The diet of its larvae is leaves. 4 generations of the pest per season are able to completely lime the apple tree.
Ants not only settle aphid colonies, they often gnaw on opening buds.

When to process an apple tree

Prevention includes three stages, and the implementation of each of them is strictly necessary if the summer resident wants to get a quality crop.

Do not neglect the whitewashing of the trunks. A layer of lime or paint not only protects the tree from burns from the burning spring sun, but also has a negative effect on pests and spores of pathogenic fungi wintering in the bark.

The first stage is spraying on the kidneys. It is carried out before bud break - in the 1st or 2nd decade of March, at a positive air temperature (from + 4 ° C). The first spraying will help get rid of the lion's share of the larvae, delay or even prevent the spread of pests in the garden. The crown branches, trunk, skeletal branches are completely sprayed, it is also required to process the near-stem circle and the soil under the crown.

The second stage is spraying on the bud before flowering. Held at the end of March-April. By this time, the larvae awaken, feeding on young shoots, buds.

Often the second stage is divided into four stages, each corresponding to certain insecticides.

The buds begin to open (green cone) - treatment against aphid larvae, sucker.
Green buds - spraying from a flower beetle.
Rose buds - you can use biological agents against fungal diseases, fumigate, use herbal infusions.
Flowering - use fumigation.

In the second stage, soft agents are used for spraying so as not to scare away bees and other pollinating insects.

The third time the apple tree is processed in May, immediately after flowering. The treatment is directed against ticks that are activated during this period.

How to process an apple tree?

Garden protective equipment are divided into three groups:

chemicals;
biological agents;
folk remedies.

The last two groups are classified as sparing, their use is effective with relatively small colonies of pests.

Chemical insecticides

They work faster and more reliably. It is important to strictly observe the recommended dosages, as well as periodically change the drugs, because they are addictive: pests adapt to them, calmly survive all treatments. Spraying pesticides in early spring does not have a negative effect on people: during the ripening of the crop, they have time to completely decompose.

Urea (carbamide) counteracts aphids, leafworms, suckers. The addition of a small amount of copper sulphate slightly delays the flowering of apple trees, which protects the future crop from recurrent frosts.

To prepare the solution take:

urea - 700 g;
copper sulfate - 50 g;
water - 10 liters.

At the first stage of processing, it is advisable to spray apple trees with urea.

"BI-58" - an insecticide aimed at the destruction of scale insects, mites, leafworms, suckers, aphids, caterpillars of other pests. The working solution is prepared from 10 ml of the drug and 10 liters of water.

For a more effective impact on pests, special, narrowly focused pesticides are used.

Against the sawfly, "Chlorophos", "Karbofos" are used. Combine with frequent loosening of the soil under the apple tree.
To get rid of aphids, trees are treated with Actellik, Inta-Vir, Aktara, Iskra.
They fight with the red tick "Aktellik", "Neoron", "Ftoverm", "Fufanon".
To bring out the apple sucker, use "Cypermethrin", "Confidor", "Aktara", "Diazinon".
The flower beetle is treated with Fufanon, Karbofos, Iskra.
To combat the codling moth, Fufanon, Iskra, Ditoks, Sirocco are used.
Moth caterpillars are exterminated with the help of Inta-Vira, Karbofos, Fufanon.
Ditoks, Calypso, Fastak are effective against leaf rollers.

Treat apple trees with chemicals and biological preparations wear protective clothing with the use of personal chemical protective equipment.

Biological insecticides

Biological products are recommended for the second stage of processing apple trees, because maximum efficiency exhibit at temperatures above +10°C. The working substances in such insecticides are represented by bacteria and viruses or their toxins that kill pests.

Popular biologics:

"Planris" - universal remedy from pests and pathogenic microorganisms;
"Bitoxibacillin" - effective in the destruction of pests that feed on foliage;
"Aktofit" - successfully used against aphids, ticks;
"Lepidocid" - has proven itself in the fight against leafworms, codling moths;
"Aktarin" - helps to cope with aphid colonies;
"Nemabakt", "Antonem-F" - designed to combat the sucker;
"Fitoverm" - is used against the codling moth, scale insects, leafworms.

"Fitoverm" is a bioactive agent that affects almost all pests. Its use helps to reduce the number of treatments.

Folk remedies

Main advantage folk remedies- harmless to people. They are processed not only in spring, but throughout the entire growing season, if such a need arises.

Popular spray options:

garlic infusion- half a kilogram of garlic is poured with 5 liters of hot water, insisted for 2 hours, filtered, water is added to a volume of 10 liters;
chamomile infusion- 700 g of dried flowers are poured hot water, insist during the night, then filter, add 2-3 tbsp. l. liquid soap and water up to a 10-liter volume;
hot pepper decoction- 100 g of dried pods are poured with a liter of water, boiled for 2 hours, after cooling, filtered, topped up with water up to 10 liters;
wood ash - pour 2 cups with a bucket of hot water, add a little liquid soap, insist 10-12 hours (if you add a tablespoon of urea, apple trees will simultaneously receive nitrogen feeding on the sheet);
black henbane decoction- 1 kg of dry raw materials in 10 liters of water insist 12 hours, filter and add 30-40 g of soap.

Bitter wormwood repels most garden pests with its smell. Planted around the perimeter of the site or in small groups in the garden, it will greatly facilitate the struggle of the summer resident with the enemies of cultural plantings.

With decoctions of dry flowers of marigolds, calendula, yarrow, you can spray apple trees against aphids during any growing season, except for flowering.

To keep ants away from apple trees, the lower part of the trunks is coated with tar or grated garlic.

Bordeaux liquid for spring processing of apple trees

The most common method of spring spraying of apple trees is treatment with copper sulphate. It is not only effective against pests, but also inhibits the development of pathogens of fungal diseases, prevents the appearance of mold, mosses, lichens. It is used not only for spraying tree crowns, but also for soil disinfection.

A working 1% solution of copper sulfate is prepared from 100 g of copper sulfate and 10 liters of water. This concentration will not cause burns on the leaves, will not change the acidity of the soil.

Bordeaux liquid 1% concentration is prepared from 100 g of copper sulfate, 100 g of slaked lime, 10 liters of water. Vitriol and lime are dissolved using different containers of 5 liters. The resulting milk of lime is filtered, then a solution of vitriol is poured into it. Everything is well mixed.

If the treatment of apple trees with copper-containing preparations is carried out once a year, you can spray the trees with 3% Bordeaux mixture prepared from 300 g of vitriol and 400 g of lime. Using Bordeaux mixture at the 2nd stage take a 1% solution.

Fumigation of the apple tree

During flowering, it is impossible to spray apple trees, even with gentle preparations: droplets of liquid remaining on the buds and petals make it difficult for the bees to work. But pests do not know this, they continue their dirty activities. Helps to cope with them fumigation. The procedure is simple, does not harm trees, people, environment. For its implementation, choose a dry sunny day, ideally - calm.

For fumigation, dry tobacco leaves are laid out on straw or hay in an even layer under a tree and set on fire. Such a “pillow” burns slowly: 3 kg of leaves smolder for more than an hour, this is enough to evict pests from the tree.

Spring spraying of apple trees as a measure to combat pests is the most effective than all subsequent ones. During this period, it is clearly visible how and by what pests the garden is affected. This facilitates the choice of insecticide. The larvae awakening from sleep rush to populate the trees in order to be closer to the food source. Direct contact of the poison with an insect leads to the rapid death of the latter. Properly carried out processing significantly improves the quality of the crop.