Examples of the optimal layout of the garden and vegetable garden in a small area. Placement of plants on the site - layout of the garden and vegetable garden
Many of our compatriots have their own country plots or summer cottages. It is rare that a land owner does not take the opportunity to grow their own crops to indulge in natural food. However, summer residents are not always satisfied with the location of plantings on their acres, which affects the convenience of caring for the garden, and, accordingly, the harvest.
Development of a site project and garden planning on 6 acres
The layout of the garden and vegetable garden on a suburban area is as important as the right one, so this step on the way to arranging a country dwelling must be given Special attention. To successfully design a garden and vegetable garden, it is necessary to draw up on paper.
On the plan, in addition to the house or summer cottage, it is necessary to place all the necessary plantings that are planned to be grown.
There should be room for fruit trees and shrubs, and for vegetables, as well as for decorative flowers. For the convenience of harvesting and caring for plants, it is recommended to divide the land plot into several parts.
The decorative area should be located closest in order to constantly delight the owners and decorate the house, and the fruit and berry and vegetable area should be some distance away from the house.
Device variant landscape design site
The layout of the garden and vegetable garden begins with the choice suitable place near the house. In order for the choice to be made correctly, it is necessary to analyze some existing conditions:
Choosing a place for fruit and berry crops
Confusion when choosing a place for certain shrubs is highly undesirable, and can lead to a poor harvest, so drawing up a plan for the location of fruit and berry plantations will help to avoid this. When drawing up a garden plan for 10-15 acres, the following should be considered:
Location on the site of ornamental plantings
For many summer residents, suburban area it is not only a place for growing crops. Most city dwellers go out of town to relax from the daily hustle and bustle, so a favorable environment is very necessary for them.
In order for the restoration of strength after a hard week of work to be most productive, you should take a responsible attitude to the layout of the ornamental garden. Consider key points that you need to pay attention to when organizing the site:
Garden layout
Not a single plot for a country house can do without a garden.
The original version of the arrangement of the garden in the country
Particularly industrious grow on it everything that can be accommodated, while others only provide themselves with fresh greens for the summer table. Be that as it may, when planning vegetable beds, you cannot do without drawing up a plan. Consider the main features of the layout of the garden:
- Given that most vegetables are photophilous, it is necessary to provide them with sufficient light;
- Particular attention should be paid to watering the beds. To do this, it is necessary to provide a system automatic watering, or simply install tanks to collect rainwater;
- It is necessary to think over the location of the plantings in such a way that it is convenient to reach the middle of the garden. Optimal Width- 1.2 meters;
- The distance between the beds should be convenient for movement. As a rule, the width of the tracks is made at least half a meter;
- In order not to litter the area with cut leaves and leaves, you should think about creating a compost pit.
If you have purchased a plot without fruit trees or want to reorganize existing plantings, do not rush to buy seedlings, first of all remember the preferences of the household. Why grow cherries if no one will eat them? It is advisable to compare desires with opportunities, that is, if you manage to take care of only 15 trees, do not follow the dream of having a large garden and do not buy 2 times more than you need.
Having made a list of how many and what kind of trees you will need, you can begin to solve the problem of how to plant Orchard at the cottage with their own hands. There are a number of places where planting trees is not recommended. First of all, this adjoining territory, for landings, the distance must be at least 5 meters from the building. If you place trees closer, their roots can damage the foundation, and branches during strong wind can compromise the integrity of the roof.
As a result, you will have to cut down the orchard with your own hands. Fruit-bearing crops along the path are inappropriate, since the roots stretching under it can swell the soil, destroying the coating, and ripe fruits falling from the branches will interfere with movement in the garden. And, of course, you should not plant fruit trees close to the fence, since harvesting from branches bent over the territory of neighbors will be quite difficult.
How to plant an orchard correctly - breakdown according to the scheme
If you need a garden for abundant harvests, do not arrange the seedlings randomly, there are certain geometric patterns for placing fruit trees. natural style, unlike regular, is used to decorate the landscape, but makes it difficult, which reduces productivity.
The most common option is quadratic, that is, in even rows, such a layout orchard provides the most convenient working conditions.
Planting in a checkerboard pattern is denser, an additional tree is placed in the center of each square, this option is appropriate for medium-sized trees with a compact crown. There is also a triangular type of arrangement of seedlings, it provides perhaps the most dense cultivation. fruit crops with large crowns. And, finally, the horizontal option, which implies the presence of a slope and the creation of ledges along it.
Under fruit plantings it is best to choose a hill, preferably in the southern part of the site, while laying the orchard is done so that the height of the trunks increases towards the north, to provide them with light. should not be less than 3 meters, for pears and cherries it can be reduced to 2.5 meters, and for plums - up to 2.
Bookmark an orchard - choose trees
It is known that with a good yield of apple trees for a family of four, 5 trees are enough, while the fruits are enough for spinning and to enjoy fresh fruit.. Therefore, varieties with wide crowns are recommended to be planted through large gaps they need space. However, if you create farming, and part of the harvest will be sent for sale, more trees should be planted. So that the breakdown of the orchard does not require too much large area, you can purchase dwarf breeds or columned apple and pear trees.
The latter can be planted with the greatest density, since they have no lateral branches, and the fruit cuttings grow directly from the trunk. The choice of seedling is based on its age. Annuals take root best of all, which are easy to distinguish from biennials by a small number of lateral shoots, the latter often have more than 3 shoots. It is very important to pay attention to the condition of the trunk, it should be relatively even, without defects and growths.
In two-year-old seedlings, the trunk thickness is about 2 centimeters, and the height is at least 50. root system must be sufficiently developed and intact, at least 30 centimeters long if the tree has grown from a seed, and about 25 centimeters for a vegetatively obtained shoot. The bulk of the seedlings are grafted, that is, on a developed root with a part of the trunk, called a stock, the top with lateral processes is grown.
Particular attention should be paid to planning a garden for planting vegetables, do not think that this stage is not important, that you can just stick a seed or seedlings and the earth itself will give birth. In our latitudes, this, alas, is not so ...
It should be noted that even vegetable beds they can be like flower beds, no worse, and sometimes even better. In this case, your garden will become your flower garden at the same time, care will pay off handsomely, you will see that even vegetables are able to respond to care and care, like flowers. Therefore, bringing love to the site will undoubtedly affect the harvest!
What should be vegetable beds when planning a garden
The first and most important rule is that the beds should be well lit, even and dry! That is, the sun should always fall on your bed, the bed should be raised, and, of course, even.
Planting garden plan example
Please note that this scheme is presented as an example, first of all, as an idea from which you can build on in the future. I recommend paying attention to the optimization of space - the structure of the beds is made taking into account the convenience of placing vegetable crops.
The most common vegetables of the Middle Strip
In the list, I presented the most popular crops among our gardeners. Of course, it does not make sense to plant everything, it is better to choose some of them.
root crops — radish, radish, parsley, carrot, beetroot, celery.
fruit — eggplant, pepper, cucumber, tomatoes, corn, peas, beans, pumpkin.
Tuberous — potato.
Cabbage — cauliflower, brussels, white head, savoy, kohlrabi.
Onion — onion, garlic, leek.
perennials — horseradish, rhubarb, asparagus.
Spicy flavor — watercress, sage, marjoram, cumin, dill, thyme.
Small garden layout example
The diagram suggests optimal combination vegetables, this bed can be used as the basis for a future garden.
original garden plan
A fairly ergonomic example of organizing beds, you can reach all the plants and make the necessary care.
Classic raised beds - islands
It is also a fairly common variant of the beds, which has a number of advantages over simple bulk ridges without sides. Please note that in any case, it is recommended to mount a fine mesh at the bottom of each box so that the moles do not damage the crop.
Vegetable yield per square meter
I also consider it necessary to voice the concept of vegetable yield per square meter - this indicator is important for calculating the necessary planting names. The numbers reflect the ideal value of the hypothetical yield.
For example, subject to all agrotechnical rules, on one square meter you can grow 30 kg of cucumbers, 5 kg of tomatoes, 6 kg of potatoes, 4 kg of root crops (carrots, beets, etc.), 2 kg of radishes, radishes and onions, 2.5 kg of peppers, eggplants, pumpkins, zucchini, 2-3 kg of peas and beans, 1.5 kg of lettuce and dill. The figures, I repeat, are approximate, close to ideal, but we need them to plan the size of the acreage.
Divide the entire garden
Divide the space into several parts, up to 5. Depending on the desired number and type of cultivated items. Change the planting site of a particular vegetable annually, observe crop rotation. Consider the recommendations for what is better to plant. More details in the table:
There are vegetables that need and do not need organics, some fill the soil with nitrogen themselves, while others take nitrogen from the soil. Plant vegetables in the same place every 4 years.
Table of distances between plants
It should also be noted the need to respect the distances between vegetables when planting. it important criterion for the full development of the plant and its future harvest.
Vegetable Compatibility Chart
You can use the beds effectively only if you combine plantings by mixing different compatible plants. It turns out a significant savings in space, all the details in the table:
Video on the layout of the garden and crop rotation of vegetables
For more information about the crop rotation of vegetable crops, see the video clip from the editor-in-chief of the Sadovod newspaper - Yuri Bushuev. The material is very useful to all gardeners!
Once you have a plot and plan your future garden, think about its purpose and your own inclinations. Do you like to dig in the garden, work on the ground, or do you prefer walks around the neighborhood, barbecue, active games on the fresh air. After all, it is on this that the principle of planning the site depends, dividing it into special zones and their ratio in size. The garden should be a comfortable and pleasant place for rest and work of the whole family. And here you have to follow certain rules.
Garden layout
After the site for the garden is selected, it is necessary to correctly orient it to the cardinal points and zone it. This is important to do to create optimal conditions for the growth and fruiting of trees and shrubs. With proper arrangement of plants on the site, you can provide them with sunlight or shade, protect them from wind, drying out of the soil. In addition, the thoughtful arrangement of plants relative to the entrance to the garden, outbuildings adjacent to its territory, and the source of water supply facilitates the work of the gardener.
The layout of the garden can be regular (geometric) or landscape. The regular layout is distinguished by symmetry and the arrangement of plants along geometric lines. All trees and shrubs should be placed at a certain distance from each other according to the scheme in the form of a square, rectangle, rhombus. Paths are laid between them. A staggered landing pattern is often used.
Square, rectangular and checkerboard planting patterns are suitable for sites correct form. Aisles in such a garden can be compacted - planted with other plants that do not require much light. If the site is narrow and long, then it is better to arrange trees and shrubs in a rectangular pattern. It is optimal for a small area garden. With dense planting, trees are arranged in rows every 8 m. A distance of 5-6 m is left between trees. Trees with a smaller crown (plum, cherry) can be planted between trees with a large crown. In the aisles they have berry bushes(gooseberry, currant). The distance from one bush to another is 1.25-1.5 m. Compaction of plantations with a rectangular arrangement of fruit trees is justified. Large trees (apple trees, pears) grow slowly in the first years and gradually occupy the space allotted for them. Less overall and durable will have time to give more than one crop during this time. Aging in plums and cherries is noted by the 20-25th year, and in berry bushes - from the 14th-16th year of life. When apple and pear trees grow, plum and cherry already cease to bear fruit in full force and they are uprooted. The placement of fruit trees in a square pattern is most often used on flat areas. The distance between the trees with this approach is the same on all sides. The chess layout of fruit trees is most often used in summer cottages. Trees are placed at the corners of the triangle at an equal distance from each other (Fig. 1). This approach allows you to plant 14% more fruit trees than with conventional planting. The chess planting pattern is suitable for a garden on terraces.
Rice. 1. Chess tree planting scheme: 1 - tall trees: 2 - medium and low trees
It is important to correctly place fruit trees and shrubs in the garden in height (Fig. 2).
Rice. 2. Types of trees by height: 1 - dwarf; 2 - medium height; 3 - tall
Distance between seedlings
If it is planned to grow apple trees in the garden on tall rootstocks, then a distance of 6-8 m is left between the rows, and 4-6 m between the trees in them. Apple trees on semi-dwarf rootstocks occupy less space. Their rows are made with a distance of 5-7 m, and 3-4 m are left between plants. Rows for apple trees on dwarf rootstocks are placed at a distance of 4-5 m from each other. They stand 1.5-2 m between trees. Rows with pears on vigorous rootstocks are made with an interval of 6-8 m. The distance between trees in a row is 4-5 m.
Cherries and plums are planted in rows with an interval of 4 m, 3 m are left between the trees. The same trees of small-sized varieties are placed every 2 m in rows with an interval of 4-5 m. Chokeberry, currants, gooseberries are planted at a distance of 1-1.5 m from each other, the rows are made 2-2.5 m wide.
Gooseberry bushes can grow up to 2.5 m in diameter. When planted in rows, bushes usually do not exceed 2 m in diameter. Gooseberries can be planted between seed fruit trees, leaving a distance of 1.5-2 m to them. As soon as the crowns of the trees grow so much that they close, the gooseberries are uprooted.
Gooseberries are planted in large numbers in sparse rows. The bushes are placed at a distance of 1.4-1.5 m from each other, and 2-2.5 m are left between the rows. After 5-6 years, the gooseberry bushes grow and the rows become continuous.
For quick receipt big harvest sometimes they plant 2 bushes in one planting hole with a distance of 20 cm. During the first 3 years, gooseberries really give bountiful harvest. In the future, the bushes grow strongly, oppress each other and quickly age. It is already difficult to plant them, as the roots will have to be severely damaged. Therefore, planting two bushes is impractical. A more rational combined landing pattern. Plants are often planted - every 0.75 m in a row, and between the rows they keep a distance of only 1 m. After 3-4 years, the bushes are thinned through one and 1.5 m remains between them in the rows. The bushes uprooted in autumn are planted in a new place. After 1-2 years, gooseberries are thinned out in a similar way again. This approach to growing allows you to get a decent harvest every year, even from young plants on small area. Blackberries and raspberries take up less space. Their rows are made 2 m wide, and the bushes are placed at intervals of 0.6-0.7 m.
Horticulturally effective lifespan and planting pattern berry crops middle lane Russia is presented in table 1.
Table 1. Terms of operation and planting scheme for fruit and berry crops
In the garden with landscape style plants are placed arbitrarily, adhering to the basic principles, to ensure that they optimal conditions for growth and fruiting. In such a garden, everything looks natural, there are more ornamental plants.
IN A LANDSCAPE GARDEN, FRUIT TREES ARE MOST OFTEN PLANT IN ROWS along parallel arcuate lines. Shrubs and flower beds are placed in such a way as to emphasize the beauty of the garden.
Windbreak plants can be planted on the north and east sides. They will protect more heat-loving fruit trees from strong winds. There you can place outbuildings or a residential building. However, they should not be tall and obscure the garden. One of the options for placing a garden, garden, house and outbuildings is shown in Figure 3.
Rice. 3. Layout of the site (N - north, south - south, unit of measurement - m): 1 - house, 2 - playground, 3 - toilet, 4 - shower, 5 - lawn, 6 - water tank, 7 - strawberries , eight - vegetable crops, 9 - cherries, 10 - cherries, 11 - pears, 12 - medium-sized apple trees, 13 - grapes, 14 - gooseberries, 15 - currants, 16 - raspberries, 17 - apricots, 18 - sea buckthorn, 19 - plums, 20 - nuts, 21 - undersized apple trees, 22 - lilac
When planning a garden, the characteristics of fruit and berry plants are taken into account - the need for light or shade, thermophilicity, drought resistance, etc. C north side usually plant the tallest trees (apple, pear). AT southbound place shorter ones (plums, cherries), and then berry bushes (raspberries, currants, gooseberries). Next place a garden and berry undersized plants (garden strawberries). With this approach, all plants receive enough sunlight (Fig. 4). Walnut located away from all fruit trees and shrubs. The best place for him is a place near the house.
Rice. 4. Illumination of trees and shrubs in the garden: 1 - at correct location plants in height; 2 - at wrong location plants by height
It is rational to place grapes along the fence on the south or southeast side of the site. Berry bushes can be isolated in a separate zone or planted between rows of fruit trees. On the north side, the most hardy species of fruit trees are placed. The most heat-loving trees (apricots, cherries) are planted in the center of the garden, in a place well lit and protected from the wind. You can plant them along the fence, from the side of the forest, near the wall of the house.
Trees should not create extensive shade in neighboring areas. Therefore, tall varieties are planted at a distance of 3.4-4 m from the border with an adjacent plot, medium-sized ones - at a distance of 2-2.5 m. Shorter plants are planted near the house so that they do not obscure the windows. The free space between the fence and the trees can be taken by currants, raspberries, gooseberries. They can also grow well in the shade. However, 1 m should be left from them to the fence. It is not recommended to plant any trees and shrubs at a distance of 20 cm from the border with an adjacent plot.
When planting shrubs, it must be taken into account that they grow strongly and can interfere with the growth of other plants, so young shoots must be cut down. For the same reasons, it is better to plant raspberries, sea buckthorn, and currants away from other plants, in more remote corners of the garden. Lemongrass and actinidia are recommended to be planted near the house. With this arrangement, they will be protected from the wind. Creeping apple trees are planted only in areas covered with snow in winter. Without a snow shelter, they will freeze, so you can not place them in a windy place.
Plum, on the contrary, is planted where there is no large accumulation of snow. In high snowdrifts, her bark begins to rot in the area of \u200b\u200bthe root collar, which can lead to the death of the entire tree. Usually, an elevated place is allocated for cherries. In order for plum and cherry to be well pollinated and bear fruit, it is recommended to plant them in 2-3 copies. different varieties. Currants, sea buckthorn, and chokeberry are planted in the sunniest place.
Blackcurrant prefers moist soil (loam) and sunny, wind-sheltered places, but can also grow in light shade. With strong shading, this shrub begins to bear less fruit. The soil with pronounced acidity for growing black currant is limed.
red and white currant grow on light soils, do not tolerate shading. They are planted only open space with moderate humidity. These types of currants do not tolerate lowland areas and dry soil. Loose soil of any type with moderate moisture is suitable for gooseberries. It bears fruit well even on moderately acidic soils. At a high position ground water and stagnant water, the plant is affected by lichens and powdery mildew. The place for this berry bush is chosen sunny.
Strawberries need not only a site with the longest possible sunlight, but also protected from the wind in winter time. Strawberries grow well in one place for 3-4 years, after which they become smaller, often get sick and are affected by pests. Therefore, it is recommended to transplant it to another place.
The more in the garden various kinds and varieties of fruit trees and shrubs, the more likely it is to get a good harvest every year. If a weather are less favorable for one crop, they may be more acceptable for another crop or variety. However, it is not recommended to plant apple and pear trees of summer and winter varieties nearby. It is better to select them according to close ripening groups, for example, summer and ripening in early autumn, winter and ripening in late autumn. Plants should also not be placed too close to each other. In this case, in a few years they will begin to be mutually oppressed and this will not be reflected in the best way on fruiting. In order to plan a standard plot for a garden and a vegetable garden, we suggest using the data in Table 2.
Table 2. Norms of planting area for fruit and berry crops per family of four
A total of 400 m2 is allocated for the garden on the plot. This is quite enough for a family of 3-4 people. 4 apple trees are planted in the garden, 3-4 plums and cherries, 2-3 pears, apricots and cherries, 1-2 trees are enough. Of the shrubs, black currants are most planted - 5-7 bushes. You can plant 2 bushes of red currant, gooseberry, sea buckthorn. There is a place for 100-150 strawberry bushes. If desired, you can allocate a place for grapes, chokeberry, shadberry, dog rose. In order for fresh fruits and berries to be available for the longest possible period, trees and shrubs from different groups should be planted according to their maturity.
IN DAMP AREAS WITH HIGH GROUND WATER, it is recommended to plant fruit trees and shrubs on bulk mounds. They are created by digging up the soil, which is thrown to the middle of the selected place and mixed with manure, peat, humus.
As trees and shrubs grow, the ratio of free space and plantings, as well as light and shade on the site, will change. Low-growing crops may be shaded if this is not taken into account in advance. Rows on relief terrain fruit plants move from one slope to another almost parallel to each other. On a hill, they converge slightly, and at the foot of the hills they widen slightly (Fig. 5).
Rice. 5. Arrangement of trees in a relief area
After determining the style of the garden and drawing up a plan, the marking of the site begins. To do this, use a tape measure, cord and eker (count with wooden cross for leveling the corners of rows and beds). First, zones are determined for the placement of trees and shrubs along the boundaries of the site. In the designated places, pegs are driven into the ground and, if necessary, pull the cord. Then they outline the line of the longest row, measure the distances between trees or shrubs on it, and pegs are also driven in in their place. The placement of plants along the edges of the row is determined using an eker (Fig. 6). With proper marking, all rows of trees and shrubs in the garden are rectangular, parallel and perpendicular to each other.
Video: site planning
Recently purchased country cottage area 15 acres in size. It has only the house itself, there are no plantings. We plan to set up a small garden in the country and small garden. Tell me, what is the scheme for planting a garden and trees relative to the sun, what else needs to be considered?
Everyone who has at least a small plot of land is sure to plant it with something - be it garden beds or a small garden. In the case when the plot has already been certain places landing different cultures(a permanent place has been allocated for a vegetable garden and a garden, there are perennial plantings), nothing needs to be changed much. Is it possible to replenish the garden with new trees and shrubs and observe ".
Those who are just planning to equip a garden and a vegetable garden are more fortunate. After all, they have the opportunity to correctly plan the scheme for planting a garden and trees relative to the sun. As you know, the presence of sufficient sunlight is a guarantee good harvest in future. However, there are other important factors that must be considered when planning a vegetable garden and a garden.
What should be considered when developing a landing scheme?
When planning a scheme for planting a garden and trees, you first need to consider which side of the sun the plantings will grow from.
For successful cultivation vegetables, they need to allocate the sunniest place on the site, preferably on the south side.
Shady places under the house, near the fence or tall trees can be left for onions grown on a feather (it can grow in partial shade). Or plant some herbs there.
When compiling a planting scheme, it is important to take into account not only the location of crops relative to the sun, but also the following factors:
- Plot size. Considering overall size land plot, determine how much space can be allocated for a garden and a garden. If the total area is small, and in the first place the task is to set up a garden, it does not make sense to plant a lot of fruit trees. They can “take away” a place from other cultures, since one mature tree with a spreading crown needs at least 4 sq.m. area.
- General relief. The ideal terrain would be flat or slightly sloped. Avoid places where water stagnates - both vegetable and horticultural crops will feel bad there.
- Soil condition. Each crop, both vegetable and fruit trees, has its own requirements for the condition of the soil, but they have one requirement in common - the soil must be fertile.
- presence of winds. In open areas, you should create a shelter for plantings from the wind, which can cause damage to future crops.
The most common is a square or rectangular planting, in which the number of beds in the garden is determined depending on the size of the plot.
Near the garden, you can plant berry bushes. For planting red currants and gooseberries, well-lit dry places are taken away, and black currants can be placed on more wet place. Raspberries are planted in the sun, but separately from other shrubs, as they grow very strongly and can drown out neighboring plantings.
Each group (trees, shrubs, vegetables) needs to be given its own place, you should not mix them. Growing trees will eventually take all the sunlight from vegetables or strawberries growing under them, and they will stop producing crops. Therefore, the garden is laid away from the garden.
Proper site planning - video
