Who legally pays for lighting the adjoining territory of an apartment building? Public lighting. Lighting of residential buildings Lighting of the entrances of an apartment building vestibule
Many of us often had to return home at night. At such moments, a person understands how important lighting is inside and around an apartment building. But what to do if there is no light either in the entrance or in the yard? Who to contact and who is responsible for this? Let's take a look at this issue
In this article:
entrance lighting
With the onset of darkness in the entrance and on the stairwells of a residential building, the light must be turned on. First of all, this is necessary for the safety of residents. Lighting in the entrance of an apartment building must meet the following requirements:
- in public spaces, a general lighting system is used;
- if the house has more than 6 floors and more than 50 people live, then the building must be equipped with evacuation lighting;
- evacuation lamps are installed in the main aisles and in front of elevators;
- it is allowed to use incandescent lamps, halogen and LED lamps;
- it is recommended to cover the lamp with anti-vandal, impact-resistant glass or metal mesh;
- light intensity must comply with established standards.
Illumination standards are regulated by special regulatory documents, SNiP and GOST and are standardized according to VSN 59-88. Lux values for common areas are shown in the table:
Residents have the right to complain to the management company not only that there are no lamps, but also that their light is not strong enough.
Basement lighting
Special requirements are put forward for the organization of basement lighting due to the special microclimate inside the room. As a rule, it is always humid there, dampness can be observed, so the lamps must comply with electrical safety and fire safety standards.
The power must be reduced to 42 W using a step-down transformer. The body of the lamp must be grounded. It is not recommended to connect copper and aluminum wires during cable laying, which react when exposed to moisture. The wiring is placed in special corrugated pipes, which are called a sleeve.
Outdoor area lighting
Before you figure out what standards the lighting of the local area and the courtyard of an apartment building should meet, you need to figure out what is included in this concept - “house area”. According to the law, this is:
- the land plot on which the house is built, its dimensions are determined by the cadastre;
- landscaping elements (this includes, among other things, lamps);
- objects intended for the operation of the house (heating points, transformer, children's and sports grounds, parking lots).
Direct lighting of the courtyard of an apartment building can be carried out in three ways:
- Lantern under the canopy above the door to the entrance. This is convenient, because you can take a low-power lamp, you don’t need much light. The disadvantage is that only a small area in front of the door will be illuminated.
- Lantern over the entrance canopy. It is advisable to take a lamp with a luminous flux of at least 3500 lm and a circular luminous intensity. Placed at a height of 5 meters at an angle of 25 degrees to the horizon. But, despite the fact that the entire courtyard is illuminated in this way, the area next to the door remains in darkness.
- Combination of the two previous options. The most optimal way to illuminate the yard, but it consumes a lot of electricity.
For lighting the adjacent territory, standards have also been developed, which are presented in the table:
Some residents insist on installing motion-sensing lighting fixtures to save energy. It makes sense to put such lamps inside the entrances, while on the streets they will not work quite correctly. On the street, the sensor can be triggered by the movement of the animal, and the light will turn on when it is not required.
Who is responsible for lighting the house?
According to Federal Law No. 131, local governments are responsible for the illumination of streets, roads and courtyards. But it is the responsibility of the residents of the house to maintain the performance of the lamps.
According to the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the responsibility for lighting inside residential buildings and in the local area lies with the management company with which the tenants have entered into an agreement. The text of the agreement itself spells out what services the UK provides, for which it is responsible, and what is the procedure for dealing with problems or disputes that arise.
What to do if the tenants find that there is no light in the entrance, common areas, in the basement or in the adjacent territory? They need to take the following steps:
- An act is drawn up in which the problem is described.
- The act is signed by at least 3 people. It can be neighbors, the head of the porch or the chairman of the house.
- Evidence of the existence of the problem is attached to the act. For example, a photo of the lack of light in the evening.
- Documents are transferred to the management company.
- Within seven days, the employees of the Criminal Code check and analyze the information, troubleshoot and draw up their own report on the problem.
- The document, which spells out all the actions taken to resolve the problem, is transferred to the applicants.
If the management company fails to fulfill its obligations, refuses to fulfill what is written in the contract, the tenants have the right to terminate the agreement with it and conclude an agreement with another organization.
Who pays for the lighting of the yard and entrances of an apartment building? According to the Federal Law, the area around the house, like the entrances, is a common property. Lighting and troubleshooting costs are borne directly by the residents of the building. Moreover, the costs are divided for each owner, depending on the area of his apartment.
You should pay attention to whether it is documented that this particular house territory is the common property of this particular house. If there are no such notes, then the inclusion of payment for it in the receipt is illegal.
Lighting of multi-storey buildings is strictly regulated by laws and sanitary standards. If one of the important parameters is not observed - there is no light at all, it is not bright enough, the lighting is organized without taking into account the safety of the residents, then the residents of the house have the right to apply to the management company, the local administration or even to the court.
Perhaps, each of us at least once in our lives had to walk without lighting along the stairwell of the entrance in complete darkness in the regions of Russia. And even if in this case it was possible to successfully overcome all the steps, then all the same, the unpleasant sensations we endured remained for a long time. So, in order to completely exclude the possibility of a repetition of this, it is necessary to properly organize reliable and comfortable lighting of stairs.
The main task in managing the lighting of staircases is to ensure safe and comfortable movement for all people passing through it. To do this, the light should be directed to the steps from above and clearly shade the contours of each of them. In addition, the light should create soft, rather than harsh, shadows to improve the spatial orientation of people. It should also be taken into account that well-lit walls create a sense of security in a person.
Emergency lighting of stairwells should also be thought out. In case of unforeseen or critical situations, it will help to avoid unnecessary risks.
The AKTEY company in the regions of Russia will be able to offer you at least 10 solutions for stairwell lighting for every taste and budget. You can buy our solutions from us or from our dealers in any region of Russia.
Staircase lighting standards
The level of illumination of staircases is standardized by SNiP 23-05-95 * "Natural and artificial lighting", it ranges from 50 to 100 lux. Particular attention should be paid to the contrast of the steps when they are illuminated, but at the same time, the lamps should not dazzle people walking along the flight of stairs. Therefore, light sources are usually placed on ceilings or high on walls.
The most functional and complete solution in the AKTEY portfolio is the SA-7008U LED lamp of the Perseus series. This intelligent product always works in the presence of people, and at the moment when there is no one on the stairs, it turns off completely or goes into standby mode. At this moment, only natural lighting of the stairwells of residential buildings works. SA-7008U does not require replacement of lamps, when using such a solution, there is no need for any maintenance during the entire period of operation.
On the one hand, the polycarbonate housing provides a high light output from the LED module, and on the other hand, it significantly reduces glare. The streamlined shape allows the lamps to be used as decorative elements of the premises. The body of the luminaire is made of polycarbonate, which, on the one hand, has high light transmission abilities, and, on the other hand, evenly distributes the flow of light without having a dazzling effect. The impact resistance of this material and the special streamlined shape provide excellent vandal resistance.
How to make lighting on the staircase?
In addition to the fact that the lighting of stairs and platforms in the entrances of residential buildings is designed to ensure the safety and comfort of the residents of the house, it must be energy-saving and vandal-proof, that is, protected from external destruction, breakage and theft. The use of luminaires with sensors will save up to 98% of electricity on lighting. Anti-vandal protection of LED lamps is provided by a durable polycarbonate housing, special fasteners protect against theft.
Since the lamps in the stairwells and marches often work around the clock, the absolute value of savings both in watts and in rubles can be quite significant.
At AKTEY, you can choose the best solution for your staircase from the following options:
- LED lamps of the Perseus series - SA-7008U, SA-7006, SA-7006D, SA-7106E;
- LED lamps DBB 64-08 and DBB 64-08D;
- fixtures and sockets with sensors for a lamp with an E27 base - CA-18, CA-19, CA-20.
LED lamp SA-7008U, series "Perseus"
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Energy-saving LED lamp for housing and communal services SA-7006D, series "Persey"
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Energy-saving lamp SA-18 opto-acoustic
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Outdoor lighting plays a very important role in the infrastructure of any settlements. It is especially important for urban areas. Moreover, great importance should be given to street lighting of the local area.
Outdoor lighting around the house
The lighting of the local area should be based not only on the law established by the authorities, but also on the relevant requirements and norms. About what you should know in this case, our today's article will tell you.
Adjoining territory and its features
The adjoining territory is an honor of the land plot, which is adjacent to an apartment building.
Note! According to the law of the Russian Federation, the right of ownership or use by all owners of a particular apartment building extends to the adjacent territory.
Part of the yard near the house
According to the law of the Russian Federation regarding urban land plots, the composition of the general network property within the adjacent territory includes:
- a plot of land on which a house with many apartments was erected. The boundaries for the land plot of an apartment building are indicated in the state cadastral registration;
- elements of gardening, improvement (lighting systems);
- other objects that are intended to serve this house. This may include heating points, various transformer substations, as well as garages or collective parking lots, playgrounds. But all the described objects must be within the boundaries of the land plot established by the cadastre.
Therefore, in order to understand the real boundaries of the spinning territory, which the law of the country speaks of, you need to have detailed information about this land plot on hand. To do this, you must submit an application to the appropriate body of state cadastral registration. Here they issue a cadastral extract on a specific land plot. This statement must include the following information:
- the size and boundaries of the local area;
- information about the owner.
As an owner, i.e. The one who is responsible for this territory can be:
- city (municipality);
- the right of use is granted to the owners of this apartment building;
- the adjoining territory, which is owned by the owners of the house.
Any division of powers between residents (users) and the city (owners) must be enshrined in a special agreement, as the law says.
Note! The law also says who pays for the lighting of the area around the apartment building.
Courtyard lighting
A copy of the agreement must be kept in your HOA or management company, as well as in the local administration.
The signed agreement on the right to own urban areas contains the following information:
- operating conditions of the land plot (lighting, etc.);
- the right and responsibility for leasing territories to third parties.
But in a situation where the property rights to the local area belong only to the owners of an apartment building, there are certain nuances.
Features of ownership of the local area by residents
In a situation where residents act as owners of the land around an apartment building, the law will contain the following points:
- the Housing Code of the Russian Federation states that residents of city houses with a large number of apartments are required to pay the costs that go to the maintenance of common property, including street lighting systems, in proportion to their share in the common property right. This means that it is no longer just the municipality that pays for street lighting;
Note! The share in the right of common ownership will be proportional to the total area of the premises, which belongs to the person having the right of ownership.
- According to the Housing Code, owners are required to choose one of the options for managing an apartment building. This may be the management of an HOA, the management of a specific organization or another specialized consumer cooperative.
As a result, the responsibility in this situation will be assigned to one of the above persons. Therefore, before demanding the installation of high-quality lighting for the attached territory, it is necessary to establish not only what the law says about this situation, but also who has the right to own this land plot and is responsible for it (who pays, repairs, etc.). As stated in the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the entire cost of maintaining a street lighting system is included in utilities, as well as the fee structure for residential premises.
What else you should know about the local area and its illumination
The law (for example, the Housing Code, etc.) states that the external and internal lighting of urban infrastructures (apartment buildings, adjacent territory, etc.) must be based in their organization on certain norms and requirements. All the norms established for urban adjoining land plots are prescribed, as well as for indoor premises, in SNiP. Here, first of all, in the organization of street lighting, the role is assigned to the level of illumination.
Norms of illumination of the local area
The fact is that each object of the local area (entrance, driveway, flower beds, etc.) should have its own specific level of illumination, which is based both on the purpose of the object and the human visual system. This means that the illumination of each object in the local area should not cause discomfort to the observer, as well as create full-fledged lighting.
This means that when organizing outdoor lighting for the yard of urban apartment buildings, the structures responsible for this (determined by the municipality) should be based on the norm established in SNiP. Moreover, it is strictly forbidden to lower the level of illumination below the established limits.
Requirements for the organization of courtyard lighting
The regulatory documentation (SNiP) contains all the requirements that must be observed and adhered to when organizing outdoor lighting for the adjacent territory of any apartment building. Today, as the law says (the housing code of the Russian Federation and other documents), they include the following requirements:
- lighting should be organized for any entrance. This means that the entrance to the entrance should be lit at night;
entrance lighting
- the number of lamps installed along the carriageway must be such that the light emanating from them is not lower than the established level of illumination;
Note! The management company or other organizations responsible for the organization of outdoor lighting, based on the level of illumination, determine the style of the lamps, limit their functionality, etc.
- high-quality and full-fledged lighting should be organized for the roadway, as well as playgrounds and parking spaces.
Achieving the required level of lighting in different parts of the city can be achieved in the following ways:
- installation of wall lights above the entrance to the entrance. At the same time, the height of the placement of the lamps can be different. The higher the lantern and the more powerful the bulb in it, the larger the circle of light formed by the lighting fixture;
- lampposts placed along the roadway. With the help of such lanterns, which are placed on top of a pillar, it is possible to illuminate all parts of the yard with high quality: playgrounds, parking spaces, sidewalks and the roadway.
For optimal outdoor illumination of the adjoining territory of an apartment building, it is worth using both lighting options: facade wall lamps and lampposts. In such a situation, it is possible to achieve the optimal level of illumination of the yard at minimal cost, which will be balanced by economical light sources, as well as the number of lanterns and wall lamps. At the same time, dark areas of the territory can be avoided with a high probability.
Power features of outdoor lighting
For urban apartment buildings, the building of the apartment building itself is used as a power source for outdoor lighting systems.
Lighting in the yard of a high-rise building
To account for the consumed electricity in this situation, a common house electric meter is used. In this regard, the costs will be distributed to all owners. In this regard, in order to reduce the cost of this article for lighting streets and courtyards located near apartment buildings, they began to install economical light sources: fluorescent, gas-discharge and LED light bulbs. From this list, the maximum energy savings can be achieved using LED light sources.
Some believe that it is possible to reduce the cost of paying for the electricity consumed by the outdoor lighting system using motion sensors.
Motion Sensor
These devices showed high efficiency at home, but on the street, as an element of the outdoor lighting system of the adjoining territory of an apartment building, they showed a less successful result. The fact is that here the work of motion sensors will not be entirely correct. This is due to the fact that although the time to turn on the lighting can be programmed depending on the natural light level, the device can respond to the flight of a bird or the movement of pets. As a result, the frequency of false alarms at those moments when the light is not needed will be many times higher.
Note! Frequent switching on and off of the light is often more negative for the outdoor lighting network than a permanently on light.
Modern lighting fixtures of HOA and ZhSK, equipped with photocells, are to a certain extent devoid of the above problems, since they have several operating modes (for example, on duty).
Additional outdoor lighting features
Since the lighting fixtures for outdoor illumination of the local area of any multi-apartment building can be located within the reach of a person, without the use of additional means (for example, stairs), additional protection of the lamps from vandals is needed. In this regard, all lighting installations located on the territory of the courtyard of an apartment building must be equipped with anti-vandal devices.
Anti-vandal protection of the luminaire
It will prevent premature damage to the lamp.
Conclusion
It is necessary to approach the organization of lighting in the adjacent territory of any apartment building not only taking into account the letter of the law, but also the norms that must be adhered to. This will allow high-quality lighting of the house and spend a minimum of effort, time and money on supporting this system.
None of the regulatory legal acts of Russia contains the definition of "house territory".
At whose expense should it be made?
In accordance with the Housing Code, all expenses for maintaining the common property of the house are divided between the owners in proportion to the area of their apartments, and since the adjacent territory belongs to joint property, the payment for street light falls on the shoulders of the owners. Expenses for street lighting are calculated according to the general house meter and are monthly included in the receipts of the residents of the house.
Reference! If it is not documented that the territory around the house belongs to the common property, the inclusion of such a line of expenses in receipts for payment is illegal and may serve as the start of litigation.
Returning home at night is much more pleasant and safer in a lighted courtyard than getting to your own apartment in the dark, shuddering at every rustle. The lack of light in the yard is a reason to contact the management company or administration.
