Planting fruit trees in the area. How to arrange trees and shrubs on the site

After receiving land for a cottage or dacha, the owners have a problem: what trees to plant on the site? This issue is the second most important after the capital buildings. An unsuccessful garden bed or flower bed can be on next year remake, and tree crops take a long time to develop, you may notice your mistake when the apple tree has already reached large sizes and bear fruit. Do not rush to the nursery, first of all, open the plan of the territory and mark the landing sites on it. When you are sure that everything is done correctly, you can purchase planting material.

What breeds to choose

Of course, any summer resident wants to have on the site all kinds of plants that exist in the world. You have to limit yourself.

The list of desired crops will be significantly reduced by the following conditions:

climate;
plot size;
relief features;
the soil;
the ability to provide complex care.

The success of breeders allows you to grow exotic plants in middle lane but their possibilities are not unlimited. Palm trees in the open air in the Arctic will not grow, no matter how hard you try. First of all, pay attention to the species that have always grown in your area. If you want exotic novelties, contact your local nursery, experts will give you advice on which varieties can survive in your conditions. At the same time, keep in mind that rare breeds require careful care. Do you have enough time and energy to properly grow a capricious tree?

Features of the soil and relief also make their own adjustments. Not every tree can survive in a swamp, on a stone cliff covered with a thin layer of rocky soil, or on steep northern slopes. Ground waters are distinguished by great insidiousness. The seedling will take root perfectly, will grow for several years, but will die as soon as the roots grow to a wet layer. You can arrange good drainage, dig huge pits in rocky ground and fill them with fertile soil - the tree will still feel bad. Think about whether these efforts are worth a bucket of fruit, maybe it would be right to plant other species, and buy a bucket of peaches on the market.

How many trees will fit on the plot

Any site is not unlimited and can accommodate a certain number of trees and tall shrubs. If you plant fruit crops too close together to save space, they will grow oppressed, often get sick and produce a poor harvest. Remember that trees should be planted at a distance of at least 5 m from one another, and between tall shrubs there should be at least 3 m.

In small areas, it will be correct to give preference to the columnar shape. The crown of these trees has the appearance of a neat column, takes up little space and facilitates maintenance. Trees on dwarf rootstocks are very convenient. When harvesting from low plantations, you do not have to pretend to be a stuntman, trying to reach an apple hanging at a height of ten meters.

When calculating the number of trees of the same species, it should be taken into account that some species, such as cherries and sweet cherries, grow only in groups. If you do not really like these berries, do not plant one on the site. Cherry tree, it is better to completely abandon such plants. Some breeds such as Walnut, do not tolerate the neighborhood of other species and will oppress the apple trees and peaches planted around it.

When planting tall crops near the border of the site, you enter into legislative relations with your neighbors. A beautiful young linden in a few years will grow to 30 m, develop a lush crown and shade half of someone else's territory. If you want to have tall trees, plant them on the south side of the recreation and picnic area, where they will create a pleasant coolness in the summer heat.

Dwarf trees or shrubs up to 2 m high are suitable for hedges. When planting tall species, choose those that tolerate a haircut well, and you can always shorten them in accordance with the norms.

A good fence will come from the following shrubs:

lilac;
dwarf spruce.

The side facing the busy highway can also be fenced off with tall trees. A lush crown will protect the site from noise, dust and exhaust gases. In this place, it is not recommended to plant fruit crops or plants whose leaves and flowers you are going to use for medicinal purposes.

Even on the small plot Fruit trees are sure to grow. When laying a garden, an inexperienced summer resident may choose the wrong breed. As a result, the main area will be occupied by crops whose fruits you do not particularly need, and there will be little room for the most important fruits. Before buying seedlings, think, do you need 20 cherries? In a few years, they will give such a harvest that it will be enough for a whole microdistrict. If you want to grow berries for commercial purposes, then do it, but one family does not need so many fruits.

You have already defined . Now make a list of the breeds you want to plant. In the first line, mark the most reliable and necessary, for example. The next item will go to crops of lesser importance, and the list of plantings that can be dispensed with is closed. also in last turn take trees that are poorly adapted to natural and climatic conditions your site. Purchases start from the top line and move down. In this way, you will correctly set up a garden that is guaranteed to provide you with the most necessary fruits.

If there is not enough space in the garden and you want to grow different types of apples or plums, use grafting. On one tree you will have branches with fruits different varieties.

When space allows, you can experiment, try to grow exotic fruit trees. If you choose the right varieties and skillfully take care of the plantings, peaches will grow in the northern regions, and bananas and mangoes in the south. Only if you plant a plot with some rare crops, you risk being completely without a crop.

In any garden, it is desirable to have several varieties of the following crops:

apple trees;

mountain ash;

decorative landings

In the country, you can plant not only fruit trees, but also decorative species. Birch at the gate, mountain ash under the window, cypress alley will give the site individuality, create good mood. If the area allows, you can arrange a small forest with a barbecue, a fire for picnics. Strawberries will grow in an open clearing, in the shade -. If you want to plant mushrooms, keep in mind that each species loves its own tree. Butterflies and mushrooms grow well under Christmas trees, aspen and boletus - in deciduous forests.

When planting trees on the site, one should not forget about the safety of the owners and guests. Should not be grown poisonous plants. Breeds with fragile wood should be located away from houses and paths: in strong winds, a large branch can break off and fall on a person or knock out a window. When planting trees near buildings, it must be taken into account that plants with strong roots destroy the foundation over time.

If you believe in horoscopes and folk signs, you can decorate the site in accordance with magical recommendations. Sometimes these tips contradict each other. There is only one way out: trust your intuition. Hold a seedling in your hands, imagine it as a mature tree on your site and think about how you feel about it. It is believed that willow and willow have no place in the garden, they symbolize suffering and death. But if in your dreams a pond surrounded by these thickets is associated with happiness, romantic feelings, peace - create such a corner, the plants will not bring you anything bad.

To decorate the landscape, you can dig up trees or shrubs growing in the nearest forest, or purchase specially bred ornamental species. From ordinary spruce, breeders have created many varieties with a wide variety of needle colors.

To create a design, you can use:

acacia;

larch;

cypress;

palm tree

bird cherry;

mountain ash;

How to plant trees

The best time to plant ornamental and stone fruits fruit trees- early spring. It is desirable that the seedlings have not yet begun to produce leaves. Seed crops - apple, pear - should be planted in the fall. The age of the seedling is 1-2 years. Young trees tolerate transplanting more easily, take root quickly. It is advisable not to order trees from remote regions, but to purchase from a local nursery, then you will be sure that this species can live in your climate.

You brought seedlings, now you need to mark the holes. Try to place landings so that the most tall trees were with north side garden, and dwarf ones from the south, then everyone will have enough sun.

Each breed has its own subtleties of landing, but there are general rules.

The size of the hole should be such that the roots fit freely there.

At the bottom you need to pour sand or gravel for drainage.

When backfilling, first of all, the top fertile layer of soil is thrown onto the roots.

The grafting site should be a few centimeters above ground level.

The planted tree must be tied to a firmly fixed peg so that the wind does not sway it.

After planting, be attentive to the young tree. Shade it before rooting and keep the soil moist. It will be correct to add hydrogel to the soil when planting, it regulates soil moisture both in drought and during prolonged rains. Be sure to mulch trunk circle, then loosening and weeding is not required, and you will not disturb the finely located roots.

Conclusion

On the suburban area first of all, you need to plant trees that grow well and bear fruit in your conditions. If there is not enough space for ornamental crops, you can make an apple or cherry alley, surround a recreation area with fruit crops. Exotic crops are best planted if there is free space and time for complex care.

When landing, you need to take into account. Some varieties do not set fruit at all if there is no tree of a similar type nearby. Cherries and sweet cherries alone will give a meager harvest. If you are afraid that you yourself will not be able to cope with this work, contact the specialists. A qualified team will properly green the site, you just have to take care of the plants and harvest.

By purchasing land plot and when drawing up a plan for the future home, you definitely need to think about the placement of trees and shrubs, which are always planted first. This is due not only to the dimensions of the plants, but also to a relatively long period of growth until full flowering or fruiting. Of course, it is impossible to plant all decorative and fruit trees in a summer cottage due to a limited area, so you have to choose.

And when deciding which trees to plant on the site, you need to focus on two principles:

growing conditions: demanding or unpretentious species;
the main purpose, or place in the garden landscape (garden, hedge, single landing).

If we talk about fruit trees, then the simplest care is required for apple trees (especially if you purchase a seedling of local selection that is resistant to common diseases and pests). Of course, unpretentious varieties do not differ in high taste, but they will not bring trouble either. But if you want to surprise your neighbors with something exotic, then you should think about planting a yellow plum, actinidia, walnut or peach.

The same principle applies to ornamental trees and shrubs. For example, for a hedge, you can use wild grapes, honeysuckle or drooping lilac, with minimal requirements for soil and climatic conditions, or you can decorate the site with juniper, barberry or hawthorn, which require a little more attention.

If you decide to plant a tree in the country, be sure to check the depth of groundwater. Very many trees, both fruit and ornamental, die as soon as their roots reach the water. These trees include a pear, which has a deeply penetrating root system. At first, the young seedling grows actively and pleases the owner, it may even be possible to try the first fruits, but then the tree begins to wither and dry out. Inexperienced gardeners complain about illness or poor-quality planting material and buy and plant pear seedlings again.

In order for tree plantings to really become durable, it is necessary to take into account the requirements of each species for growing conditions.

Overview of fruit trees and their features

Many, having a summer cottage, want to plant fruit trees in the garden. For good fruiting they need high level lighting, top dressing, watering, pruning and preventive treatments for diseases and pests.

Planting several varieties with the same ripening period favorably affects the yield. To save space on the site, it is better to choose varieties with a compact crown shape on dwarf rootstocks. Below is a brief description of the main fruit crops according to the most significant parameters.

culture	Average life expectancy, years	Average tree height, m	Required feeding area, m	Preferred Soils	Permissible depth of groundwater, m
Apple tree	from 20 to 50	3 to 7	3x2 or 6x4	subacid	1 to 3
Pear	25	5	5x4	any	2
Cherry	25	2 to 5	4x3	neutral	2
Sweet cherry	60	3 to 8	4x4 or 8x4	neutral	1,5
Plum	20	5	4x3	neutral	1,5
cherry plum	20	2,5	3x3	neutral	1
Apricot	40-60	5 to 10	5x6	slightly alkaline	2-2,5
viburnum	40	2,5	2x2	subacid	1
Irga	50	2,5	3x2	neutral	1,5
Honeysuckle	20	1,5	2x1	any	1,5
Sea buckthorn	15	3 to 5	2x2	neutral	1
Rowan	25	7	5x3	subacid	2
Hazel	60	5	4x4	slightly alkaline	3

When choosing a fruit tree for a summer cottage, not only taste preferences play an important role, but also climate zone. For example, chokeberry is recommended for the northern regions, as is honeysuckle with sea buckthorn, brought to central Russia from Siberia.

Heat-loving cherry plums, plums, sweet cherries and cherries do well in the southern regions. However, selection does not stand still, and many cultures adapt perfectly to atypical regions thanks to a stable rootstock. Great example to that - Manchurian apricot and Siberian apricot, which are suitable for cultivation in Siberia and Far East. And although such an apricot has a specific non-winning taste, it is quite successful in processing.

Manchurian apricot - mature tree

For the rational use of the site, you can use a graft that allows you to have several interesting varieties on one adult tree.

Overview of ornamental trees and shrubs

Ornamental trees have not only an aesthetic function, but are often planted for shade at the gazebo, to protect from dust from the road, to create a living border along the fence. Features of care depend on the type of plant and growing area.

There are trees that it is undesirable to plant on a private plot due to aggressive growth or because of folk signs. Consider the most popular in private landscape design ornamental trees and shrubs in terms of care features and possible uses.

Norway maple Globozum

culture	Short description	Usage	Note
Linden small-leaved	A tree up to 30 m high with a neat oval crown, high frost resistance, does not tolerate drought, the crown lends itself well to formation	A shady tree with a pleasant fragrance during flowering, is a honey plant, can be used for hedges or planting along a fence, well retains dust from the road	Linden near the house, according to old legends, protects against all diseases and ailments. young tree does not bloom, the first flowering is observed only at the age of 20-30, Linden blossom applied in traditional medicine
Norway maple	A tree up to 6 m high with a compact spherical crown, does not need frequent pruning, grows on any soil	Good for providing shade near a house or over an artificial pond, often planted along a fence or road	Used in folk medicine and cooking
Common bird cherry	A tree with a height of 4 to 10 m, known for its snow-white racemes with bright aroma, undemanding to growing conditions	Due to the spreading wide crown, it is often planted singly on the edge of the site or in the alleys in a large garden.	You can not plant close to the house, as its roots destroy the foundation; produces edible fruits with medicinal properties
Poplar white (silver)	A fast-growing tree up to 30 m high with a spreading crown, has a light bark and silvery leaves, light-loving, salt-resistant, tolerates drought and waterlogging, frost-resistant	Used in single or group plantings. For urban landscaping, pyramidal poplar is more often used, which does not form fluff, but has a greater height.	It is undesirable to plant close to the house due to the aggressive root system, it cleans the air well from dust and harmful substances
Catalpa	Heat-loving tree 10-15 m high with a high spherical crown and an elegant even trunk, large, white inflorescences, long pods form after flowering, giving additional decorativeness, does not tolerate pruning	Single plantings near the gazebo or near the house, during the flowering period it exudes a very pleasant aroma, it grows relatively slowly, it can freeze slightly in the Moscow region	People call it "macaroni tree"
Lilac	profusely blooming unpretentious shrub height from 3 to 6 m, the color of fragrant inflorescences is white or lilac different shades, requires moderate pruning	Some varieties do not tolerate urban gas pollution, so it is undesirable to plant them near the road. Lilac is ideal for hedges	Considered by the people as a protector family well-being and source of inspiration for creative people
Barberry	Prickly shrub from 1 to 4 m high, with a variety of leaf colors (burgundy, yellow, green, purple), unpretentious care	Used to create an impenetrable wall of dense prickly branches.	Used in folk medicine, recommended for planting at home
Willow	Tree with drooping shoots, fast growing, easy to prune, tolerates significant waterlogging.	Planting near water bodies or on waterlogged soils, hedges	A symbol of sadness and sadness, in the old days it was considered bad omen plant a willow under the window

The list can be continued for a long time, especially if you cover all varieties and varieties. Breeders successfully cope with the task of "satisfying the needs of every gardener."

Trees unwanted in the garden plot according to ancient legends

Before planting a tree in front of the house, we can refer to the experience of our ancestors. At first glance, all signs are based on superstition, but they often have a logical grain.

It is not recommended to plant an oak tree in the summer cottage, which has strong energy and influences the head of the family. Birch as a protective shield should grow only behind the fence. Walnut should not be planted near the house, as its roots can destroy the foundation over time. Willow, willow and aspen, messengers of sorrow and death, are undesirable on the site.

If there are brides in the family, then it is also better to wait with the planting of the thuja. Poplar is recommended to be planted outside the site, away from home.

Overview of coniferous ornamental trees

Evergreen and rather unpretentious conifers serve as an indispensable element of a garden of any design.

For small areas summer cottages Arizona fir with gray-blue needles (height up to 2 m) and balsam fir (dwarf variety) are suitable. For those who want to grow a big tree, Korean fir (up to 15 m) is suitable.

Korean fir Silverlock

Dwarf varieties, reaching a height of up to 3 m, have Atlas cedar and Himalayan cedar. From krupnomer the Siberian cedar (cedar pine) enjoys deserved popularity. It grows slowly, but reaches a very impressive size.

Siberian cedar (cedar pine)

Larch and spruce often adorn country houses with a large plot of land. There are varieties of standard larch with a height of no more than 2.5 m with a spherical or weeping crown. Varieties of weeping larch look very impressive: European dwarf variety Repens up to 1.5 m high with branches almost creeping along the ground and the Japanese variety Pendula up to 7 m high with delicate green-blue needles.

Japanese Larch Pendula

Dwarf forms of spruce can reach a height of 2 - 2.5 m, which, with slow growth, become acceptable in areas of any size. There are a lot of varieties of dwarf spruce with a variety of needle colors and crown shapes. The most beautiful and original look blue firs effectively standing out from the rest of the vegetation.

Spruce blue Hupsi

From coniferous shrubs having a different crown shape, yew and juniper can be noted. In the landscape design of private plots, dwarf juniper species with different needle colors (from dark green to silver-blue) up to 8 m high are used.

Terms of planting trees and buying seedlings

It is difficult to unequivocally answer the question of when it is better to plant trees. It depends on the weather conditions and the specific culture. Optimal time planting fruit trees from the pome group is late fall, and for heat-loving stone fruit crops, it is better to plant in early spring. The preferred age of seedlings is 2 years, but for vigorous crops (pear, cherry) it is better to use annual seedlings. The negative side of annual seedlings is an unformed crown, but they get sick less during transplantation and take root faster.

Most ornamental crops are planted in the spring. Moreover, the strict framework “before bud break” applies only to seedlings with an open root system. Planting material with a closed root system (in pots or bags) is suitable for planting throughout the spring and even summer, but it is more expensive.

When purchasing seedlings at specialized exhibitions and fairs, you need to pay attention to the following points:

in what form they are sold: seedlings with open and dried roots have little chance of taking root on the site; good stuff packed in bags with a small lump of moist earth;
the state of the root system: the roots should be even (without thickening), elastic and without signs of peeling;
crown condition: buds should be swollen, but not blooming;
bole height: for fruit 2-year-old seedlings about 50 cm;

It is recommended to buy planting material in nurseries that are in each region. Only there you can be sure of the quality of seedlings and choose plants adapted to a particular area. Varieties of fruit trees for the Moscow region and the entire central strip of Russia are grown in the Michurinsky fruit nursery.

Where to start building your garden? How to properly arrange trees and shrubs in the country?

The garden at all times was considered a wonderful decoration of any home. And one of the wonders of the world - hanging gardens Semiramis were a truly magnificent and unique creation. These gardens were maintained around the clock by several thousand slaves. Now gardens are planted mainly in order to provide themselves with berries and fruits for the winter. It is very important to properly plan the garden, because on small area land, I want to place as many different trees, shrubs, berries, etc. as possible. The yield of fruit trees depends on various factors, and therefore, when placing trees on a site, it is necessary to take into account not only natural conditions, but also the biological characteristics of each type of fruit crop.

❧ The Mesopotamian king Gilgamesh of Uruk (early 3rd millennium BC) was famous for his gardens. The courtyards were shady and had many flower beds. Fruit trees in the orchards abounded in variety exotic varieties. Surrounded date palms pools were located. Bulls, lions, ostriches and monkeys were bred in enclosures in the far corners of the gardens.

So, for example, placing trees on garden plot, it must be remembered that different cultures have different requirements for light. Exists general rule for planning plants in their summer cottage. Plant height should increase from south to north. In other words, in the southernmost part of the site you need to plant vegetable crops and strawberries, and in the north - apple and pear trees. In the middle of the site, medium-sized breeds are placed, such as cherry, plum, as well as a variety of berry bushes.

In addition, when planting various fruit crops in your summer cottage, you should pay attention to the fact that in the future, when the trees grow, they do not shade neighboring garden plots. When planting trees on the site, follow certain rules - for example, the distance from the trees to the boundaries of the site should be at least 3 m. And at a distance of 1 m from the border (fence), you can plant several bushes of raspberries, currants or gooseberries. These cultures feel good even with partial shading.

Among other things, you need to place plantings on the site in such a way that they do not interfere with the movement of air. If the area is too densely forested, then this will interfere with the outflow of cold air, which in turn will lead to difficult wintering conditions for trees. It often happens that in densely planted areas, trees and shrubs die from frost even in not the most frosty winters.

There are two main styles of garden planning: regular (or geometric) and landscape (or natural).

With regular garden planning, plantings are placed symmetrically with respect to the main axis of the composition, while the straightness of rows and paths is also observed, and the same distances between trees of the same species are maintained. In this case, you can choose a scheme for planting fruit trees, both square and rectangular, or even place trees in a checkerboard pattern on the site. Trees planted in a checkerboard pattern make good use of sunlight. If the site is located on a slope, then the f direction of the rows should be done across the slope. The square scheme is suitable for areas that have a square or almost square shape. Rectangular placement is suitable for areas that have an oblong configuration. There is also a variation of the rectangular scheme. It is characterized by wide-row dense planting, and in contrast to the rectangular scheme, trees are planted more densely in rows, but a fairly large space is left between rows.

If you prefer natural style when the plants grow as they wish, then the second style of planting is suitable for you - landscape. Using this scheme, you can place plantings on your site in any way you want. Trees and plants arranged in a free-style yard make the yard more inviting. In addition, the use of landscape style provides wide use variety of ornamental plants. landscape style very well suited for those areas that have natural bumps, small slopes and depressions, etc. All these features of the relief can be used to create an interesting landscape composition in your garden.

Thinking over what fruit trees you will plant on your site, you should pay Special attention apple tree. In Russia, the apple tree is perhaps the main fruit crop, which is unpretentious to weather conditions and gives a rich harvest.

When choosing varieties of fruit trees, one should take into account the fact that a certain variety of any species can be grown on the site only on the condition that trees of other varieties grow in the neighborhood at a distance of no more than 50-70 m. Otherwise, pollination and fruit set will not occur in trees of the same variety.

Choosing berry crops, you can pay attention to such berries as garden strawberry, colloquially called strawberry, black, red and white currant, gooseberries, and raspberries. Strawberries are good because they reproduce easily and begin to bear fruit in the second year after planting. Currants, especially black currants, are very rich in vitamins, and therefore several bushes of this crop should grow in every garden plot. Raspberries also grow quite quickly, so if you want to get a crop of berries in the shortest possible time after breaking up the garden, then start with these crops. And if we talk about volumes (harvest), then the richest harvest is harvested from redcurrant and gooseberry bushes.

❧ Scientists have found that fruit trees that grew near heating mains develop faster and better, unlike trees of the same species and varieties that grow in other places. I wonder if it is possible to grow a garden that will produce a rich harvest in a short time if a root heating system is installed?

When planting a variety of berry crops on a garden plot, it should be remembered that they can be placed under trees only when the seedlings of fruit trees have just been planted and are still very small. As the trees grow, berry bushes should be removed from under them, as this makes pest and disease control more difficult. If any buildings are planned on the site, then it is better not to plant fruit trees or shrubs too close to the buildings. Over time, as crops grow, they can make it difficult to approach buildings, and even a low building will shade trees or shrubs, stunting their growth.

When planting fruit trees, pay attention to the fact that it is best to plant trees of each crop separately. This is necessary to optimize the control of pests and plant diseases. Since it sometimes happens that the timing of spraying trees of one species coincides with the fruiting time of other species. Considering that on the garden plot all work on the care of fruit trees is carried out manually, it is possible to leave the aisles not very wide.

Planning a garden personal plot, you should think carefully about all the points associated with planting fruit shrubs and especially trees, because the garden is laid once and for many years.

When planning a garden, consider the following:

❧ what species of fruit bushes and trees are suitable for a given climatic region;

❧ In order not to make a mistake with plant varieties, it is best to estimate their yield in advance. This will help determine the number of seedlings;

❧ wishing to get rich harvests, it should be taken into account that the placement of nearby trees of different varieties of the same ripening period will ensure cross-pollination during the flowering period, which in turn will serve as a guarantee of a good harvest in the future;

❧ best to find out compatibility information different varieties fruit trees and shrubs, since the proximity of some crops can lead to a decrease in yield;

❧ in order to avoid problems with the placement of trees on the site, you can first create a planting scheme on the plan. Draw a site plan on paper, cut out circles of the desired diameter from another sheet of paper, which will indicate shrubs and fruit trees. So, for example, an adult apple tree of the Antonovka variety has a crown diameter of 3 m on average. This means that when planting apple trees of this variety, it is necessary to calculate at what distance fruit trees of other species or shrubs can be planted from them;

❧ It is useful to know that, as a rule, a very good microclimate is created on the southwestern side of any building, which is expressed in long-term illumination and protection from cold winds. And this means that temperature regime here it will be the most optimal for heat-loving plants;

❧ if in your area groundwater lies close to the soil surface, then use this circumstance to your advantage. On a site with a close location of groundwater, you can plant shrubs or plant a garden on it;

❧ when planting a new garden in place of the old one, it is necessary to remember about crop rotation. If you plant a young apple tree in place of an uprooted one, then it will grow poorly.

The best option is to plan ahead for planting in the garden. But if, in addition to the garden, buildings are also planned on the site, then, of course, the garden should be laid out after they are completed. construction works. Otherwise, the equipment will crush the newly planted trees and raze the strawberry plantation to the ground.

If you have purchased a plot, growing fruit trees is a great use, as they require less maintenance than, for example, vegetable crops, but still provide a large yield, not to mention the decorative appeal of the garden. True, in order for the forces, time and finances to be spent on its arrangement not in vain, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with all the nuances of this work. Therefore, in this article we will look at how to plant orchard in your area.

Site Requirements

Ground water level

So that all efforts to grow a garden are not in vain, it is necessary to study the conditions on the site. The most important point is the proximity of groundwater. They should flow at a depth of at least 2.5 - 3 meters.

If fruit trees are planted in an area where groundwater is located closer to the surface, then the trees will grow up to a certain point, after which they will die. This is due to the fact that their roots will grow and, in the end, reach the groundwater, after which they will rot and die. The harbinger of the death of a fruit tree is the drying of the top of the crown.

Therefore, if you purchase a plot specifically for a garden, you should find out in advance at what depth the groundwater is located.

Advice!
In the central strip and in the northern regions, it is best to grow fruit trees in areas with a slight slope, as they receive more heat from the sun.

The thickness of the fertile layer

The efficiency of a garden also largely depends on the thickness of a fertile garden. For fruit trees, it should be large enough. In addition, it is desirable that the soil be moderately moist and permeable to air and water.

To explore the soil different places of the site, it is necessary to dig trenches with a depth of about 2-2.5 meters, i.e. to the depth where the root system will develop. In this case, it is necessary to pay attention to dense layers of soil, which must be breathable.

If the soil layers are too dense, then this disadvantage can manifest itself only a few years after planting - they will begin to grow poorly and may even die completely. Of course, you can grow an orchard, even if the site does not quite meet these requirements, however, you will have to spend a lot of time and effort. In such a situation, it would be more appropriate to start growing vegetables.

Site relief

When choosing a place for a garden, you need to pay attention to its relief, namely, the presence of lowlands and depressions. If water stagnates in them for a long time after rains or snow melts, then you will have to fill them up to even out the relief. This procedure will be costly.

If the terrain is not leveled, the trees will grow poorly as a result of soil salinization and become susceptible to fungal diseases.

garden planning

tree selection

If the site meets all the basic requirements, you can start planning it. To do this, first of all, you need to choose fruit trees for the garden.

Depends on the following factors:

Household preferences, because what's the point of growing, for example, cherries, if no one will eat them?
Climatic conditions - you can plant only those plants that are suitable for growing in your climate.

In addition, it is necessary to determine the number of trees. Do not chase the dream - to have a big garden. You should realistically estimate how many crops you can care for.

Arrangement of trees

Having decided on the plants, you need to plan their location on the site.

First of all, consider where you can not plant trees:

Near adjoining territory- if the trees are closer than 5 meters to the building, their roots can damage the foundation. In addition, during strong wind branches can damage the roof.
Along garden paths– plant roots can swell the soil and damage the coating. In addition, falling fruits will interfere with movement.
- harvesting from branches located on the side of neighbors will be difficult.

To fruit and berry garden gave good harvest, do not place trees randomly on the site. The natural style is used to decorate the landscape, however, it complicates the maintenance of the garden, which in turn reduces its productivity.

Advice!
Aisles of trees can be planted with bushes of currants, gooseberries and other crops.

There are several geometric arrangements of plants:

Quadratic - plants are arranged in even rows, which provides the most convenient conditions for work.
Checkerboard- this scheme is denser, since there is one tree in the center of each square. This arrangement can be used for medium-sized plants that have a small crown.
triangular pattern- is the most dense arrangement of trees with a large crown.
Horizontal arrangement- implies the presence of a slope in the area along which ledges are created.

Advice!
It is better to allocate a hill for fruit plants, it is desirable that it be located in the southern part of the site.
In this case, the laying of plants must be done so that the height of their trunks increases towards the north.
This will provide all the trees with light.

Another important point when designing a garden is the distance between seedlings. For different types plants, it should be different:

Note!
When planting dwarf and semi-dwarf varieties, the distance between them can be reduced to one or two meters.

Site preparation

For trees to grow well, the soil must be fertilized and prepared in a special way, no matter how good it is.

The instructions for doing this work are as follows:

First of all, the site must be fertilized with peat or manure. One and a half two buckets of fertilizer per square meter should be applied per square meter.
Then the site must be dug up to the depth of the spade bayonet. It is advisable to perform this procedure in the fall.
If the soil is acidic, ground limestone should be scattered on its surface and mixed with the soil.
In the spring, the site must be dug up again and leveled with a rake.

After completing these procedures, you can proceed to landing.

Tree planting

Landing time

Planting trees is necessary when the plants are at rest, i.e. in autumn after leaf fall or in spring before buds swell. In the middle lane and in the north, it is better to do this procedure in early spring, and in the south - in autumn.

In spring, trees can be planted immediately after the soil thaws, when the soil stops sticking to the shovel. In autumn, it is advisable to complete the work two to three weeks before the first frost, so that the seedling has time to take root.

In the photo - apple tree seedlings

Planting seedlings

Different types of seedlings are planted in different ages Apples and pears are best planted at the age of two to three years. Plums, cherries and sweet cherries are usually planted at the age of two years.

Note!
It is extremely important to choose good varieties for planting that can cross-pollinate each other.
Before making a choice in favor of a particular variety, it is advisable to consult with experienced gardeners.
For seedlings good varieties the price can be quite high, however, in this case it makes sense to pay more.

For two-year-old seedlings, the trunk should be about two centimeters thick and about 50 centimeters high. When choosing, you should pay attention to the root system, which must be intact and have a length of at least 30 centimeters.

Landing

It is advisable to prepare the pits a week before planting.

Their size for different plants should be different:

Apple and pear trees - depth 50-60 centimeters, diameter 80-100 centimeters.
Plums and cherries - depth and width of about 35-40 centimeters.

When digging a hole, the earth must be sorted - the upper dark layer should be folded in one direction, and the lower one in the other.

The process of planting trees with your own hands is as follows:

In the center of the hole, you need to make a hill from the topsoil.
Then two buckets of compost should be added to the ground.
After that, the seedling is located in the center of the pit, and its roots are neatly straightened around the hill.
After that, the hole must be covered with earth, holding the seedling. This work is more convenient to do together.
After backfilling with earth, the plant needs to be watered (one and a half to two buckets per seedling).
To prevent evaporation of moisture, the soil around the tree should be sprinkled with a layer of compost or peat a few centimeters thick.

Note! root collar after planting (the place of transition from the root to the trunk) should be located 6-8 centimeters above the soil level. As a result, after the earth settles, it will be at ground level.

All other seedlings are planted in the same way. If the work is done correctly, then it remains only to provide normal care for the orchard and you can wait for the first harvest. You can find detailed information about caring for young trees on our portal.

Conclusion

It is not difficult to plant an orchard on the site, however, it is necessary to strictly adhere to all the above rules. Only in this case, the complex of work performed will give a positive result. From the video in this article, you can get some additional information on this topic.

If you plant trees too close to each other or try to "make friends" incompatible crops, the garden will not bring a decent harvest. Read our article on how to avoid this.

Let's talk about what factors should be considered when arranging trees in the garden.

What plants can be planted nearby?

This is perhaps one of the most important points, which should be clarified before planting seedlings. Plant compatibility is called allelopathy. It is both negative and positive.

The best compatibility of fruit trees will be achieved if plants of the same species are planted nearby: apple trees with apple trees, pears with pears, cherries with cherries. But such a garden of the same type will look rather boring. And therefore, in our gardens, trees of different types grow, which are important to plant correctly. For example, a pear will feel great next to an apple tree and red mountain ash, while a cherry or peach will give her a lot of inconvenience.

In the case of positive allelopathy, the trees in the garden can not only exist safely in the neighborhood, but also be mutually beneficial. Therefore, before planning plantings in the garden, it is recommended to check the compatibility table of different crops.

Worst of all, the walnut gets along with the "neighbors" in the garden. This tree is considered toxic and can inhibit almost all fruit crops. Therefore, if you are going to start such a plant in the garden, find a place for it on the outskirts of the site, where it will not bother anyone.

How to make a tree planting plan?

Choosing a plot for the garden

Most trees prefer to grow in full sun. Therefore, the garden should be located so that light-loving crops (apricot, pear, peach, plum, cherry, apple tree) are located on the south or south-west side of the site. Here they will grow and bear fruit best.

If the area allotted for planting trees on your site is small, plants should be placed in steps: low - on the south side, tall - closer to the north.

Garden styles

When drawing up a garden plan, the first step is to decide according to which scheme the trees will be planted. Allocate 2 main garden styles:

regular (geometric),
landscape (natural).

When planning regular garden, cultures must be positioned so that they organize symmetrical shapes (squares or rectangles). It is advisable to "arrange" the trees in a row so that straight paths can be laid between them. It is permissible to place plants on the site and in a checkerboard pattern - so they will receive more sunlight.

If the site is on a hill, then rows of trees should be placed across the slope.

landscape style looks more natural - trees in nature grow randomly. That is, you can place the crops in any way you want (taking into account the compatibility of plants and other factors that affect their successful growth). This method of planting fruit crops is suitable for uneven areas, with depressions and mounds, since such "shortcomings" of the relief will create the illusion of a natural composition.

Selection of species and varieties of fruit trees

Once you have decided on the location of the trees and the planting pattern, it is worth considering how many and which plants to plant. For this it is best to draw rough plan plot with all buildings and large objects. The selection of species and varieties of horticultural crops should be carried out with the condition that they can pollinate each other.

For example, if you are planting apple trees, make sure that more than half of the seedlings are winter varieties. Their fruits will subsequently be stored until spring or even early summer.

The ripening period of the crop is also important criterion. It is advisable to plant varieties with different terms ripening - this will extend the harvest time.

Distance between trees

In order for crops to have enough space for harmonious development, they must be planted at a certain distance from each other, as well as from buildings. So, cherries and plums should not be located closer than 3 m from the boundaries of the site (as well as from fences and buildings). It is advisable to plant apple and pear trees even further away from them.

The distance between the rows of trees grafted onto tall rootstocks should be on average about 5-6 m. In the rows between crops, a gap of 4-5 m wide should be left. If you plant fruit crops closer, they will begin to stretch ahead of time (they will reach for the sun ), their productivity will decrease, and the quality of the crop will deteriorate.

If you plan to plant trees with a small crown, the distance between them can be reduced by 0.5-1 m. With mixed placement of fruit trees and berry bushes the distance between crops in rows should be increased by 1-2 m, and between rows by 1-1.5 m.

culture	Distance between rows (m)	Distance between plants in a row (m)
Apricot	5-6	3-4
Quince	5-6	3-4
Cherry tall	4-5	3-4
Cherry stunted	3-4	2,5-3
Pear on a vigorous rootstock	6-8	4-6
Pear on a stunted rootstock	4-5	1,5-2,5
Sea buckthorn	2,5-3	2-2,5
Walnut	6-8	4-5
Peach	5-6	3-4
Plum tall	4-5	3-4
Plum stunted	3-4	2,5-3
Apple tree on a vigorous rootstock	6-8	4-6
Apple tree on a stunted rootstock	4-5	1,5-2,5

When to plant trees: autumn or spring?

Usually, trees are planted or transplanted only when they are at rest: in spring or autumn. In summer, such a procedure is unsafe, because the plants are in the midst of the growing season. And if you disturb a young tree at this time, then after the stress it has suffered, it runs the risk of getting sick or even dying. How to determine in which season it is right to plant trees? The choice depends on the climate zone.

Region	Time of planting (transplanting) trees
Southern regions	Trees are planted autumn. Seedlings planted in the spring run the risk of not having time to take root before the onset of hot weather. Therefore, they can get bark burns or die from a lack of moisture in the soil.
Central regions	Trees can be planted as spring, and autumn. Regardless of the landing time, the result will be approximately the same: in temperate climate seedlings of fruit crops will take root safely.
Northern regions	Trees are planted spring. Not too hot spring and summer will allow the plants to adapt and timely leave for winter rest. Fruit crops planted in autumn, on the contrary, will not be able to acclimatize in time and will die with the onset of the first frosts.

How many trees to plant in the garden?

Usually, each gardener decides this individually, based on the size of the site and their needs. But on average, in order to provide fruits for a family of 3-4 people, it is recommended to land:

3 apple trees of winter varieties;
2 apple trees of autumn varieties;
2 apple trees of summer varieties;
2 pears;
4 cherries;
4 plums (or 2 plums and 2 cherry plums).

Now that the plan for planting trees in the garden has been drawn up taking into account all the nuances, it's time to start laying the orchard.