New technologies in growing potatoes. Effective and non-standard ways of growing potatoes. How to choose planting material

Learn more about interesting methods of growing potatoes in a tower, pit, barrel, bag. Learn how to harvest in moss using new technologies.

Growing potatoes in a tower

To make such a device, you will need:

reinforcement mesh rectangle;
wire;
well-ripened compost;
straw.

Roll up the mesh to make it look like a pipe with a diameter of 70 cm, a height of about a meter. Lay the straw down with a layer of 15 cm, pour compost 30 cm high on it. So that it does not spill out of the mesh cells, put the straw on the sides as well.
On top of the compost, place the potatoes in a circle with a distance of 15 cm between the tubers. Put them sprouts up, pour this layer well from a watering can or from a hose sprayer.
Pour more earth on top with a layer of 40 cm, lay out the tubers, spill them with water, sprinkle with soil to a height of 8 cm. You can make such a “nest” even higher. On the top layer, spread the potatoes not only around the circumference, but also in the center.
In the process of growing root crops, you will need to add soil, so make a “tower” of such a height that when planting potatoes, the compost is 15–20 cm below the top level of the grid.
Potato sprouts, which are in the lower layers this building, will break through the sidewall of this nest. The last row of tubers will grow upward.

Growing potatoes in this way has many advantages:

there is excellent drainage, so the water will not stagnate;
the bed is well warmed by the sun;
pests won't bother;
saving space;
weeding such plantings is practically not necessary;
convenient to harvest.

There are enough nutrients in the compost for the growth of potatoes, but for the formation of tubers it is better to add 1 cup of ash and 1 tbsp to this soil when planting on 3 buckets of soil. l. crushed double superphosphate. During the growing season, you can periodically feed potatoes with potassium humate, but with a weaker solution than what is written in the instructions.

If you do not have straw, replace it with moss, it regulates perfectly water balance, will not allow water to stagnate and the soil to dry out.

A new method of growing potatoes in a barrel

This method is also very original and has all the advantages that plants in nests or towers have.

To grow potatoes using one of these technologies, take:

a low plastic barrel or plastic;
jigsaw or saw;
compost;
fertile soil;
germinated potato tubers;
nitrophoska.

Then follow this plan:

Mix compost with light soil by adding 1 tbsp. l. nitrophoska. If you have a high barrel, cut it across the floor, remove the bottom, you will have 2 containers in which you can grow potatoes.
If there is one, you also need to saw off the bottom so that excess moisture leaves through the bottom. Or you can make holes in the bottom, do not remove the bottom.
Put soil 50-70 cm high in a container, spread potatoes on top, cover it with a layer of soil 10 cm high. When the shoots that have appeared grow a little, pour 5 cm of earth into the barrel. Do this several times during the growing season, as if hilling the stems.
Keep the soil moist as it can dry out quickly.
When it's time to collect potatoes, it will be enough just to turn the barrel over and extract the fruits of your labors from it.

If you do not have such an unnecessary container, but have tires from the wheels, they will also make an excellent vertical bed for growing vegetables. Put 2-3 tires one on top of the other, pour fertile soil here just above half, lay out the potatoes, sprinkle it with 10 centimeters of earth on top.

If you have a tall barrel and tires without holes, then there may not be enough oxygen available to the roots for them to grow. To fill this gap, make holes on the side of the container just above ground level.

Some gardeners build a ventilation device. They take the old hose, lay it at the bottom of the container in a spiral, the upper end is brought out. A pump is inserted into it, with the help of which air is pumped into the container. To do this, you first need to make cuts in the hose.

In order for the compost to ripen faster, it also needs air flow. To do this, when you bookmark it, put on different height tubes with holes, as shown in the following photo.

After all, to plant potatoes in vertical beds, you need compost, but it must be well ripened, similar to loose black soil. If this substance contains non-decayed plant residues, such a mass is not suitable for growing this root crop.

How to plant potatoes in bags: technology?

It's another one original way growing this vegetable. It is also suitable for those who do not yet have their own hacienda, but only have a balcony.

To implement this method, you will need:

black garbage bags with a capacity of 120 liters;
synthetic tight bags;
fertile soil;
potassium humate;
potato;
water.

Proceed in this order:

First of all, you need to germinate the potatoes. To do this, a month before planting, they lay it out on a bright windowsill, periodically turn it. You can put several potatoes in transparent plastic bags, make holes here. hang up.
To increase the yield, spray the root crops with potassium humate. Make sure that the potatoes do not dry out during the germination period. If you notice that this is not the case, spray it with water, cover plastic wrap with holes.
Pour soil into each bag or bag to a height of 35–50 cm, spill it with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. Spread the tubers sprouts up, sprinkle with soil.
If you are growing potatoes in bags in your backyard, then make small cutouts on the side and bottom of each container for water drainage and oxygen access. If you placed bags and bags on the balcony, then water your plants moderately so that excess water does not stagnate.

It is better to add a little vermiculite to the soil during its preparation, which will absorb excess moisture, and when the earth dries out, it will be given to plants in the water.

Also, do not forget to pile up the potatoes, so when planting them, pour enough earth to leave room for it to be added.

So that the soil does not dry out, it is better to mulch it.

If you grow potatoes at home, you may encounter the problem of a lack of light, while the sprouts will stretch. Therefore, place them so that there is enough sun and tie the stems to the supports.

Growing potatoes in a box, trash can, mat?

There are several more interesting methods that will answer the question of how to grow potatoes in a vertical way.

For the following you will need:

mat;
metal grid;
wire;
pliers;
straw or moss;
fertile soil.

Measure a rectangle of reinforcing mesh of a suitable size, cut off the excess with pliers. Roll the workpiece into a roll, fasten it to the side with wire. With the help of it, fix the Vietnamese mat outside of this device.

Fill the container in the same way as you put the compost in the nest tower. Also gradually lay the potato tubers along the edge at a distance of 10–15 cm from each other. Keep the soil well-hydrated.

This design will allow air to pass through, which is necessary for the growth of tubers. If the sprouts do not break through the sidewalls well, help them by cutting out these areas of the mat.

Subsequently, it will be enough to remove it in order to harvest a rich harvest of potatoes.

Such designs look original and simply amazing.

The following idea is also suitable for growing vegetables on a balcony or in the country. To implement it, you will need:

2 plastic flower pot different capacity of large volume;
fertile soil;
potatoes.

Make cutouts in a small pot, place it in a large pot. Fill the soil, water, spread the potatoes at the same distance, cover with soil on top. If you take early ripe varieties potatoes, the same already 2 months after the emergence of shoots you can taste delicious young vegetables.
To do this, it is not necessary to dig out all the bushes, pull out the upper container, collect only large root crops, let the rest grow and pour further. Just do not forget to water them after such a procedure in order to restore injured roots.
If you only have one large pot, use a laundry basket or plastic trash can as an inner pot. If you do not have a pot, but only such devices so that the tubers do not darken, first place a black one on the bottom of the basket. plastic bag, and then pour the earth into it, plant potatoes.

If you have unnecessary boards in your country house, make them vertical garden. For this you will need:

four bars with a section of 5 cm;
boards;
self-tapping screws;
fertile soil.

Place four bars of the same size at the corners of the future structure, use self-tapping screws to attach the bottom 4 boards, thus securing the beginning of the structure. Then attach the following rows of boards horizontally to the bars. In this case, there are 6.

It will be most convenient to attach three or four boards, then pour earth down, plant potatoes, and only then nail the remaining two rows of boards.

When it's time to harvest, just tear off the boards of the first row, and the potatoes will literally spill into your hands.

Interesting Potato Growing Methods

There are also many of them.

In kobs

They say that this method of growing potatoes allows you to get up to 70 pieces from one tuber! If you want to propagate quality seed planting potatoes, then use this method.

On dug up soil, cut squares with sides of 140 cm, make holes in the middle of these rectangles to a depth of 10 cm, plant potatoes here, 1 piece in each recess. Fill each square with:

25 g of superphosphate;
150 g of potassium salt and ammonium sulfate;
one bucket of compost.

All this is mixed up. When the sprouts reach a height of 20–25 cm, lay them on this fertile soil, sprinkle 8–10 cm of earth on top. In this case, the tops must be above the soil level.

As they grow, pour fertile soil here several times, so that as a result, kobets are formed, the height of which at the end of the season reaches 27 cm. They say that with such a planting, you can get up to 15 kg of potatoes from each bush!

in the hole

If the plot is virgin, it is difficult to immediately process it. Use the following potato-growing methods to make your job easier and master part of your garden area.
Dig a hole 50 cm deep directly on virgin soil. upper part remove the sod along with the weeds from here, lay it in the compost. For 2 years, the roots of weeds rot there.
At the bottom of this recess, pour humus or compost, after mixing it with the soil. The layer of this soil should be 10 cm high. Water it.
The grown seedlings should be periodically sprinkled with fertile soil, leaving the tops.

The pit must be dug on a small hill or where there is no stagnant water so that the potatoes do not get wet and rot.

Gülich method

Another way to quickly master the site. For this you will need:

the soil;
shovel;
humus;
rake;
medium potato tubers;
roulette.

Method description:

On the site allocated for this vegetable, it is necessary to mark squares with a side of 1 meter. Of course, it is better to dig up the soil here. Pour humus on top, rake it from the middle into a roller.
Pour loose soil into the center of this ring, plant a large tuber here. As its stems grow, sprinkle them with humus from a roller, raking it with a rake or chopper.
Gradually, the sprouts will move away from the center to the edges in the form of rays. Thanks to hilling with humus, additional shoots will form, on which many potatoes will form. From one such multi-tiered bush, you can get up to 16 kg of root crops!

Talking about the methods of growing potatoes for those gardeners who do not want to spend energy on digging the land or are just developing the purchased plot, one should also tell about the next one.

Moss bedding

To implement this method, you will need:

sawdust;
potato;
reed leaves;
window frames or dense non-woven fabric.

Step by step landing:

Place the squares directly on the undigged area, sprinkled with sawdust. Put some moss on top, and germinated tubers on it. Sprinkle them with ashes, put a thick layer of moss on top, and on it some reed leaves.
This method is great for growing early potatoes. If frost is still possible, then cover the top planting material also window frames by putting under them glass bottles or a brick so that they do not take landing.
When the threat of a return of frost has passed, remove the frames. If the summer is rainy, do not water the plantings. If it is dry, then the moss needs to be moistened sometimes and a little agitated if it is caked.
Such potatoes are not spudded or weeded, as it is difficult for weeds to break through a thick layer of moss.
When it's time to harvest, simply cut off the tops, rake the moss to the side, which needs to be dried and can be used in next year. Clean potatoes will remain on the beds.

Almost by Mittlider

To plant potatoes using this method, take;

boards;
bars;
screws or nails;
light soil;
turf;
cardboard;
sawdust;
sand;
nitroammophoska.

Pour into a bucket of sawdust 1 tbsp. l. nitroammofoski, moisten with boiling water, cover. In this form, the mixture should lie for 2-4 weeks. During this time, make boxes without a bottom from bars and boards. Their height is 40–50 cm, width 80–100 cm. The length is individual. Lay overlapping cardboard or black film on the bottom to prevent grass from growing.
Put these containers in a sunny place (or better, do it right away where they will stand), pour in a soil mixture consisting of 1 part of sand; 1 part prepared sawdust; 4 parts of fertile soil.
Now you should plant potatoes, cover them with 8-10 cm of earth, why sprouting sprouts as they grow, mulch the aisles with straw or dried grass.

In crowded but not mad

If you do not want to dig a large area for planting potatoes, then use the following method of growing potatoes.
On the narrow garden 50 cm wide, make two grooves, the distance between which is 20–25 cm, plant potatoes in them to a depth of 8–10 cm.
When the sprouts reach a height of 15 cm, spud each on only one outer side. In the middle you have a trench, periodically pour fermented weed infusion here. But such top dressing must be done after moistening the soil. If the summer turned out to be hot, it is necessary to water the plantings once a week.
When you notice that weeds have appeared in the garden, weed them out, do not let them bloom, lay them around the potato bushes. These plants will act as mulch and organic food main culture.

According to the Mikhailov method

The following methods of growing potatoes will also help you to reap a rich harvest. Cut squares with a side of 1 meter, put humus in the center, place a large potato tuber, sprinkle with earth.
When the shoots grow, leave the 4 central ones in vertical position, spudding them, and lay the rest horizontally, sprinkling with earth. To better fix them, you can tie them obliquely to the pegs.

We get two crops

To implement this method of growing potatoes, you will need:

tubers;
shovel;
water.

Then proceed in this order:

When the soil warms up well, plant sprouted early varieties of potatoes. In late June-early July, collect large and medium-sized root crops from the bushes.
Pour water into the holes and plant bushes right into this mud, straightening the roots. Spud them. If the weather is sunny, cover with lutrasil. Usually after a week they live and give another crop.

In order for the survival rate to be high, it is more expedient to dig a bush without pulling it out completely, cut off large and medium potatoes, and again sprinkle the plants with soil.

These methods of growing potatoes will allow you to get large yields, while expending less effort and planting material. If you want to know how the Chinese method of growing potatoes is used, then watch an interesting video.

If you want to learn how to plant potatoes under straw, thereby eliminating weeding, watering, and making it easier to dig up root crops, then check out the following video.

The third will show what kind of potato crop can be in a bag, subject to the necessary conditions for growing this vegetable.

Each gardener grows potatoes in our country, but only one person out of 10 gets good yields.

After all, we are all used to the fact that this plant is the most unpretentious.

But, very often it happens that without much effort, the result is not obtained.

Today we want to describe in detail the essence and features of growing potatoes using Dutch technology.

Many of those who have heard at least something about it believe that it is suitable exclusively for automated processing of fields.

However, it will be useful for ordinary gardeners to get acquainted with this technology, since most of its elements can also be used in small beds.

The essence and special differences of the Dutch technology in growing potatoes

This technology has many distinctive aspects that we often do not take into account at all.

Indeed, in truth, almost all gardeners believe that it is enough just to cover the planting material with soil along with fertilizers, spud once or twice, and you can already harvest in the fall.

Well, one more aspect is the Colorado potato beetle, with which you often have to tinker a lot to get rid of this plant pest.

Having thus collected a crop of 250 kilograms of potatoes from one hundred square meters, gardeners are usually satisfied, not even imagining that up to 450 kilograms of good food tubers of this plant can be harvested from the same area.

And this is what it is main feature growing potatoes according to Dutch technology - an unusually high yield.

And it is achieved through the implementation and adherence to the following principles:

For propagation of potatoes, exclusively high-yielding and high-quality dutch varieties. Even their average yields reach 40 tons per hectare. By the way, it is not at all difficult to get these varieties, since today excellent exports of Dutch potatoes to more than 70 countries of the world have already been established. In particular, these varieties are very popular among Belarusians. Among them it is worth mentioning:

"Anosta";
"Auzonka";
"Marfena";
"Mona";
"Resi";
"Ramono";
"Sante".

If you meet some other varieties - get acquainted with their ripening dates, adaptive capabilities, and if all this allows you to grow a variety on your site - feel free to try.

The technology involves the use of exceptionally healthy planting material.

Not many people think that when growing the same variety for several years in a row, not only its productivity decreases, but various diseases can also appear. Thus, potatoes selected from previous crops become a carrier of rot, scab and late blight.

It is for this reason that every five years it is recommended to change varieties. In the Dutch technology, potatoes for planting are selected only in one size, 3-5 centimeters in diameter, and with 100% germination.

An important role is played by the scheme of planting potatoes, as well as their processing from various pests and diseases. Taking into account such requirements is considered the most important basis for obtaining good yields.

Also, feeding potatoes should not only be carried out, but done based on the needs of the plant itself and a particular variety. The technology also specifically describes how and when hilling should be carried out, and how high the ridges should be formed.

Timely harvest. Here the main nuance will be that harvesting for seed material will be carried out almost a month earlier than potatoes for food purposes. This is what provides nice results germination in the future.

This, of course, is not all of its features, because we will talk about some of them below and in more detail. But even from the above points, it is clear that a lot of efforts will have to be made to get a good harvest, especially if you plan to organize a large-scale cultivation of this plant.

Under what conditions to grow potatoes to achieve the results of Dutch farmers?

As you know, loose soils are best suited for potatoes, which is what is emphasized in the described technology. Even before the tubers are planted in the soil, the latter must be well worked, recut or milled.

Due to this, it is saturated with oxygen, which, in turn, accelerates the emergence of seedlings. But not only the soil is the main condition good growth of this plant, so consider others.

We create the most favorable conditions for the growth of potatoes

First of all, the Dutch make sure that a regular change of crops is made on the field where potatoes are planted. The same place will be able to provide given plant enough nutrients only if it is planted on it once every three years. At the same time, winter cereals will be the best predecessors for potatoes.

There are also requirements for what the area's relief should be for a given crop. In particular, it is much preferable select flat areas, without slopes. Indeed, moisture is not evenly distributed on the slopes, and when some plants lack it, others may experience an excess of it.

Regarding the type of soil, big role in the fruiting of potatoes, the presence of humus in its arable layer will play, which should be no less than 2-2.5%.

We prepare planting material for cultivation: the main aspects of preparation

In Dutch technology, a lot of attention is paid to planting material, since the entire future harvest will depend on it.

And even if you pay maximum attention to the field with potatoes, when the tubers planted in the soil have poor germination or are infected with diseases, then the result will be bad.

How to choose a good planting material: criteria and characteristics

We noted above that this technology provides for the selection of small-sized tubers, which are specially left for future planting.

It is this fact that should be paid attention not only to farmers, but also to ordinary gardeners who plant this plant on their several acres.

Dutch farmers consider it mandatory use of exclusively rehabilitated material for planting, which is not a carrier of diseases and viral infections.

Therefore, only high quality and certified seed potatoes are used, while selecting the most productive varieties. In particular, attention is drawn to the following criteria:

tuber diameter from 3 to 5 centimeters;
varietal purity, which excludes the possibility of manifestation in the future harvest of the qualities of other varieties of potatoes;
100% germination of the material;
High reproduction - the size of the bush and the number of tubers under it, their size. This factor also uses concepts such as “superelite” and “elite”, without which the potato will not be used as seed material.

Another very important aspect in Dutch technology, it is planting potatoes already sprouted. Actually, this fact is evidence that they have 100% germination.

It is only important that the sprouts do not have time to reach more than 0.5 centimeters in size, otherwise they will break off during machine planting, which, on the contrary, can reduce the number of plants obtained.

We are preparing the soil for planting potatoes

Soil preparation should begin in the fall. At this time, it needs to be plowed to a depth of 22 to 27 centimeters.

It is better to use plows that are able to turn over the top layer of soil, just as we do when digging beds with a shovel. If you fail to do this, then after the plows, moldboard or breakup furrows should be put into the field.

A cultivator for a field for potatoes is better to use a conventional disc cultivator, which is light enough for the soil.

In the spring, when the time for planting potatoes is almost ready, you need to start a cutter or cutter-cultivator, which would make the soil to a depth of 12-14 centimeters.

Since heavy tractors are used as a draft force for the cutter, along with loosening and grinding the soil, it is also leveled and dug in. In conditions cottage cultivation potatoes, the role of a frieze for beds can be performed by ordinary pitchforks, with a distance between the teeth of 2-3 centimeters and a thickness of each tooth of 0.5-0.6 centimeters.

Such forks usually have a special depth limiter, so it will be too difficult to work with them.

The essence of such a shallow working of the soil in the spring is that it allows preserve the soil capillaries that have formed since autumn. The role of the latter for potatoes that will be planted in the future is that moisture will flow through the capillaries to the uterine tuber.

Thus, the plant will be perfectly provided with moisture, it will suffer less from droughts. Moreover, tillage with a tiller will give you a great advantage in terms of potato ripening, speeding up this process by about 7-10 days.

Planting potatoes: the epitome of Dutch technology

When to plant: discussing the most favorable dates

Many gardeners are accustomed to starting potato cultivation almost from the very beginning of spring. The main criterion is often considered such a state of soil moisture until it begins to fall away from the shovel. But still, we must not forget about the thermophilicity of potatoes and the fact that it needs to be planted in sufficiently warm soil.

Our grandfathers had one very true indication that allowed them to start plowing the land and throw potatoes into it - this is the blooming of birch leaves.

But for the Dutch folk definitions the timing for planting potatoes is not at all significant, although their goal is the same, and the result, in general, is the same. But still, good method is self-orientation to the condition of the soil.

In no case should a gap be made between preparing the soil and planting potatoes, as this will cause the former to dry out and lose its main properties.

Potatoes are planted when the soil "ripens". To determine this maturity, you need to take a handful of soil in your hand, squeeze it with your palm and throw it on the ground from the height of your belt. If the fallen lump crumbles from hitting the soil, this will indicate the ripeness of the soil, if not, wait until it dries a little more.

Such planting dates give the plant the opportunity to form the maximum possible leaf surface (which speeds up the process of plant photosynthesis), and will also contribute to the rapid growth of tubers.

The scheme of planting potato bushes in the Dutch technology

Dutch technology does not bypass the scheme of planting potato tubers. It is believed that one m2 cannot be planted more than 30 stems of this plant, otherwise the plantings will be too dense.

So, on an area of \u200b\u200bone hundred square meters (100m2), planting from 400 to 1 thousand tubers is allowed. Since the planting material is not large, it makes no sense to embed it too deeply - it is best to send it to a depth of 4 centimeters.

But, in order to prevent the potatoes from appearing on the surface over time, immediately after germination, bushes are hilled, which involves the formation of ridges up to 25 centimeters in height.

As for row spacing, it is most effective to leave a space of 65-80 centimeters between them. Of course, many will decide that this is too much, but such an area will be just enough to fully nourish the potato root system, since the distance between the tubers in one row is not supposed to be so large.

Do potatoes need care and what is its essence: answers to the main questions

Potatoes need care, especially if you want to complete the intended line of growing it according to Dutch technology. Already on the 14-18th day after the planting, you need to start the first processing of row spacing, because at this time most of the weeds will already have time to appear and potato sprouts are about to appear above the surface.

Thus, your main task is remove all weeds so that they do not interfere with the growth of potatoes. At large areas plantations for this use a milling cultivator, which has a ridge former.

The working width of such a machine is 3 meters, which allows for the processing of row spacing very quickly. After herself, she leaves trapezoidal ridges, up to 25 centimeters high, thus covering the seedlings of potatoes with a layer of well-loosened soil.

The advantages of this type of tillage between rows is that not only all weeds are removed, but with the receipt of trapezoidal ridges, it becomes possible to more effectively distribute moisture near the potatoes.

In particular, all excess moisture will easily penetrate into the ridge (since its soil is very loose), and its excess will drain into the furrow without harming the root system.

In the future, the described technology does not provide for any inter-row cultivation, but considers the following measures to be mandatory: processing of potato plantations:

Application of herbicides. Because the machining soils are no longer carried out, and weeds will never stop their growth, then the soil is also treated with special herbicidal preparations.
Fight against phytophthora. For this, only chemical preparations are used, since it is not amenable to other influences. 5-6 treatments are carried out per season. It is worth conducting the first only when the first signs of the onset of the disease appear on the plants.
Irrigation of potato plantations. Held at least 3 times in one season. The first watering is carried out before the flowering of the bushes, the second 10 days after the flowers have completely withered, and after about 20 days another one.

Let's start harvesting potatoes: terms and features of storage of the crop

It is very important to harvest the crop from the field in time. Moreover, the timing of the collection will depend on the purpose for which you need the resulting crop: for seeds or for food purposes. In the first case, harvesting is carried out at the very beginning of August, and in the second - at the end of the same month.

Another important point: you first need to remove the tops from the field, and after 10 days the potatoes themselves. Thanks to this, the peel of the tubers will be stronger, and the crops will be stored longer. For storage, it is important to provide high humidity and a cool room with good ventilation. Potatoes are best stored not in bags, but in wooden boxes.

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which are grown on household plots, is a potato. The traditional technology of its cultivation is characterized by a significant investment of time and labor resources, which makes many owners of cottages and vegetable gardens sometimes refuse to cultivate it. However, there are a number of ways by which you can get no less, and in most cases even more, crops, and there will be much less labor on the part of a person.

So, one of the highly efficient ways to grow this crop is planting potatoes under the straw Despite the fact that many people are skeptical about this method, in practice this method gives a fairly productive result, delighting its followers with a stable and good harvest. In order to understand the secret of success, you should talk about the very principle of growing potatoes and what micro and macro elements are needed for this.

Potato is an interesting root crop, the peculiarity of which is the growth of tubers around the seed root crop. For the successful development of potato crops, sufficient nutrients are needed, of which potassium and phosphorus are the main ones. In addition, soil aeration plays an important role, because due to the penetration of air into the soil, the culture develops strong and strong. under the straw provides the necessary microclimate, since as a result of the gradual decomposition of the straw, potash fertilizers, and excellent air exchange under the straw favors the setting of a large number of new tubers. At the same time, the straw acts as a wonderful mulch that protects the soil in hot weather. summer days from overheating, and after rain also retains moisture on the soil surface, preventing it from weathering and evaporating.

By the way, planting potatoes under straw is by no means a new way of growing root crops, since this technique was widely used by the peasants of our country back in the 19th century. However, during the spread of the Michurin doctrine in the USSR, this method was undeservedly forgotten, and people began to grow potatoes in the way that we see today. The only difficulty in straw is the need to stock up large quantity straw, since for the normal development of tubers its layer must be at least 10 cm.

Adherents traditional technology Potato cultivation also does not stand still in its development, but is gradually mastering new methods that greatly facilitate the cultivation of this crop, even by conventional methods. So, the popularity of such a method as planting potatoes under a walk-behind tractor is gradually growing, thanks to which a person’s work is greatly facilitated. With the help of a motor cultivator, even of medium power, on which a special cutter is installed, you can plant it yourself without spending a lot of effort. Today, in free sale, you can buy not only gas cultivators, but also powerful enough walk-behind tractors, with which it is possible to plant even a potato field of 1 Hectare. Thus, it can be seen that planting potatoes under straw on such a large area is impossible due to the lack of covering material. However, planting potatoes with a walk-behind tractor on 1 Hectare is quite possible and fully justifies itself both in terms of productivity and in terms of rational use of time.

Thus, summing up, it should be concluded that if the planting area for growing potatoes exceeds 20 acres, then it is best to use a motor cultivator. If a person is engaged in growing potatoes on his suburban area, ranging from 4 to 8 acres, then straw is the most the right way, in which you can provide yourself and your family with a good harvest.

Potato is practically the most common crop in many countries. It can provide the human body with important minerals and vitamins, is part of many dishes. In this article we will tell you what the potato cultivation technology looks like on own site how to properly grow it various methods, including using the popular Dutch technology.

Favorite crop grows best in the zone temperate climate. You should choose sandy, medium loamy or peaty soil for planting. It is better not to use other types of soil, as well as too shaded areas. The acidity level of the earth should not exceed 5 - 5.5.

Good predecessors are considered crops such as pumpkin, legumes, cabbage, beets, cucumbers, peas, green manure. It is advised not to plan to plant potatoes after nightshade. In one area, it is better to grow a crop 1 time in 3 years. In autumn, the soil must be cleared of weeds and deep digging should be carried out. You can add complex, nitrogen-containing top dressings or manure to it. In spring, it is recommended to make ridges about 15 cm high. They allow the soil to warm up normally, provide access to moisture and air.

Video “Potato growing technology”

From the video you will learn about efficient technology growing potatoes.

Growing technology

There are varieties of potatoes with early, mid-early, mid-season, mid-late and late ripening. The ripening time of your favorite vegetable varies between 50 - 120 days. Experienced gardeners prefer to sow several varieties at the same time. Remember that early species do not store well. The technology of growing potatoes, which is known to experienced summer residents, must be observed. Landing is carried out in April in the ground, warmed up to at least + 8 degrees. She should have time to dry properly. Potatoes are planted at a depth of about 10 cm. The smaller the tubers, the smaller the depth.

In case of landing in clay soil the depth should be no more than 8 cm, in arid regions - up to 20 cm. Landing is carried out according to the standard scheme. Between plants leave a distance of 30 cm, between rows - about 60 cm. early species it is permissible to carry out a little thicker.

Dutch technology

Growing potatoes using Dutch technology makes it possible to harvest good harvest during the whole year. The main emphasis is on soil aeration, that is, frequent loosening. Leave enough space between rows when planting. Then it is realistic to collect up to 2 kg of selected potatoes from each bush, which will be perfectly stored and transported. You need to use only varietal potatoes.

Cereal crops are good predecessors. It is necessary to use fertile and nutritious land. For the prevention of diseases, it is advised to treat with herbicides and chemicals. Requires tillage in spring and autumn period.

Soil preparation involves autumn plowing. Next, organics, potassium salt, superphosphate, rotted manure are added to it. During spring plowing, nitrogen components must be introduced into the soil. Urea will do. It is advised to plow to a depth of up to 27 cm. It is best to use a disc cultivator. Before planting seeds, it is customary to cultivate the land with a milling cutter or a cultivator cutter. Such an event performs many functions at the same time. Allows loosening, crushing, digging and leveling the soil. It is possible to use forks with a tooth thickness of approx. 6 and a distance between them of approx. 30 mm.

For planting, it is necessary to select tubers of even shape with a diameter of about 50 mm. There should be no break between preparing the ground and planting the material. The readiness of the soil is easy to check. To do this, they clamp a little soil in their fist and throw it. If the lump crumbled, then you can start planting potatoes. Handfuls should be placed in the holes wood ash. Experienced summer residents add more and onion peel to repel pests.

Planting is carried out with a distance of 70 cm between crops. It is realistic to place from 500 to 1 thousand tubers on one hundred square meters. If an early variety is selected, no more than 600 - 700 tubers will fit on a plot of 1 acre.

When caring for plantings, when the Dutch technology of growing potatoes is used, a few weeks after planting, it is necessary to process the row spacing. Such cultivation of potatoes makes it possible to get rid of weeds, to enable tubers to grow and develop normally. For the purpose of processing in the fields, a milling cultivator is used. The first processing of crops on their site is carried out by the harrowing method. This should be done a few days after watering.

To form ridges, you need to use a shovel, hoe or hand hiller. If there are irregularities on the site, it is customary to level them out by means of a microrelief in the autumn. Plantings are recommended to be watered 3 times per season. This is done before flowering, during flowering after 10 days and after it ends. Spraying of culture is also required from Colorado beetles.

Tuber preparation

For planting, potatoes are selected without damage and signs of disease, having a size of egg. They are left in diffused light for 3 weeks at a temperature of 12 degrees Celsius. This is required for greening. Next, sorting is carried out again and the tubers are placed in storage. The temperature should be maintained at + 3 - 4 degrees.

A month before planting, the tubers are washed and then heated at a temperature of about + 24 degrees for 2 to 3 days. In order to disinfect, it is good to place them in a solution boric acid. There are quite a few options for germination. The easiest is germination in the light. The temperature is normally 18 - 20 degrees Celsius in the first 10 days and somewhere + 15 in the next. The length of the processes in a month can be about 2 cm.

Growing methods

Methods for growing potatoes are quite diverse.

In the case of growing potatoes under straw, the tubers are usually slightly deepened into the soil and covered with a layer of this material having a thickness of up to 20 cm. You can additionally cover it with a film. A layer of straw is laid again after emergence and the stems reach a height of 20 cm.

Dutch technology involves deepening the tuber by at least 5 cm. The distance between the ridges is usually up to 100 cm, and between the bushes - 30 cm. The method was discussed in more detail above.

Using the Gülich method, the site should be divided into squares measuring 1 by 1 meter. In each, a tuber is planted with eyes down. After the shoots germinate, soil should be brought into the center of the bush. When the first leaves appear, the soil is poured again, then again. To enable a strong and healthy bush to form. The yield with high-quality watering and loosening can be about 15 kg of potatoes from each specimen.

Not all novice gardeners are aware of the following method. The method of growing your favorite vegetable in barrels is not only interesting, but also provides an excellent opportunity to save space on your own plot. It is necessary to remove the bottom in the barrel, make holes on the side for air access and drainage. A layer of compost is placed on the bottom in combination with the earth. The thickness is normally about 10 cm. Tubers are laid on top, compost and soil are layered on them, and so on to the top of the barrel. The contents should be watered and complex top dressing should be applied. The degree of yield is about 1 bag of selected fruits from each design.

As the experience of many avid summer residents shows, it is possible to grow high-quality potatoes in bags. This method is somewhat reminiscent of the barrel method in its features. Drainage, tubers are introduced there, and after the appearance of shoots, compost with earth is added. The addition of land is carried out as the tops grow. But it also requires regular watering.

Video “Potato Care”

From the video you will learn how to care for potatoes.

The modern technology of growing potatoes is the organization of intensive production of crops, and a well-thought-out marketing policy allows you to quickly recoup the funds invested in potato growing. A rational combination of all the above components and a comprehensive technological solution for production processes from tillage to pre-sale preparation of tubers make it possible to ensure high profitability of potato growing.

Preplant soil preparation

The most important place in the technology of potato cultivation is occupied by pre-planting soil preparation. The quality of its implementation largely affects the conditions for the implementation of subsequent activities. Soil cultivation for potatoes should focus on creating favorable thermal and air conditions. For the development of plants, it is necessary to create a homogeneous soil structure, to contribute to the preservation of moisture in the layer of tubers with insufficient moisture, to prevent the danger of waterlogging in case of excessive precipitation, to help cleanse the arable layer from weeds and pests and pathogens.

Mechanized stone removal

The soil prepared for planting must meet the following requirements:

Deviation from the given depth should not exceed ±2 cm;

· the surface of the field should be leveled, the average height of the ridges should not exceed 5 cm;

the degree of crumbling (the content of lumps of size< 25 мм по наибольшему сечению) – не менее 95%;

· degree of destruction and cutting of weeds, application of fertilizers – not less than 96%.

Soil cultivation methods are selected taking into account the alternation of crops in the crop rotation, texture and the physical condition of the soil, weather conditions, species and prevalence of weeds. In this regard, it is advisable to consider preplant tillage in close connection with the main (autumn) tillage. Preparing the potato bed while picking up stones and clods reduces the number of work steps and shifts part of the autumn work into spring, while not failing to notice the following advantages:

Easy planting of potatoes

· best growth in loose soil

well-formed potato tubers of the same size,

less damage during cleaning,

Rooted harvesting with simple machines.

Ridge and ridge-belt cultivation technologies are more resistant to adverse environmental influences. In conditions of excessive moisture on the ridges, there is less risk of damage to tubers as a result of suffocation, since the nest is located above the bottom of the furrow, in addition, the ridges are less eroded by heavy rainfall.

In areas with a threat of spring drought, potatoes are planted along smooth surface using a marker. However, for most areas of cultivation, planting in pre-cut ridges (ridges) is recommended.

Comb cutting

Preplant cutting of ridges (marking the field), allows you to:

speed up the start of planting by two to five days due to faster heating of the soil;

· ensure group operation of planters and increase the productivity of planting units by 10-15%;

more accurately maintain the landing depth;

deposit locally mineral fertilizers;

Exclude preplant cultivation (on light soils);

Perform local cutting of slots to drain excess water from the area where the tubers are located.

Care includes:

destruction of weeds

formation of ridges with hilling,

Maintaining the condition of the soil of the ridges and row spacing in a conditioned state, up to harvesting.

Care technology depends on the type of soil and the tools used. The first treatment - loosening the row spacing with simultaneous pouring of soil on the ridges and harrowing - is carried out no later than five to seven days after planting, when the weeds have not sprouted and are in the soil in the "white thread" stage, and therefore they are easily destroyed.

Inter-row processing

The second treatment before germination is performed, if necessary, with the same set of working bodies. Hilling without harrowing is carried out on seedlings with the formation of full-profile ridges with pouring of loose soil over tubers of at least 18-20 cm. Further loosening of row-spacings with hilling is carried out in case of strong soil compaction in row-spacings and in ridges, for example, after heavy rains.

Systemic protection of potatoes from diseases and pests

The ecological basis of the potato protection system is an agrotechnological complex, which creates conditions for good growth and development of plants, helping to reduce damage to them by various harmful organisms.

Treatment with phytocides

The basics of general measures that ensure the phytosanitary well-being of potato fields:

Observance of the correct crop rotation and the return of potatoes to their original place not earlier than in 3-4 years, prevents damage to it by nematodes, certain viruses, as well as rhizoctoniosis and scab. Special requirement in the production of seed potatoes - return to the old place no earlier than 4 years. This requires a soil analysis for the presence of potato nematodes, sufficient isolation from neighboring plantings, etc.;

the presence in the soil of the necessary humus content to increase its biological activity and antiphytopathogenic potential, to create loose soil and stabilize its structure, to address the issue of intensity of soil cultivation, increase moisture capacity and, most importantly, increase the digestibility of nutrients and microelements;

- balanced and timely application of fertilizers. Potatoes are very demanding on nutrients. To obtain high yields and good quality tubers, they must be available to plants on time, in the required quantity and in the desired form, while not only the main nutrients (NPK), but also Ca, Mg, S and trace elements. For better absorption of nutrients, optimal acidity and humus content of the soil is needed. An important role in increasing the resistance of potatoes to diseases is played by potassium and phosphorus. So, in areas of increased harmfulness of late blight, rhizoctoniosis, bacterial diseases, common scab, it is necessary to apply per 1 ha increased rates of potassium and phosphorus compared to nitrogen at the rate of I \ I: P: K 1: 1.2-1.5: 2;

· high-quality processing predecessor stubble, autumn and preplant tillage. From the point of view of plant protection, tillage should provide: a loose, finely cloddy, homogeneous soil structure before planting, elimination of compactions in the arable and subsoil layers of the soil, uniform distribution of organic residues of the predecessor and intermediate crops in the arable layer, awakening of weeds to germination for their destruction by mechanical means, formation optimal ridges for potato plant growth and mechanical harvesting of tubers without damage. Thus, the cultivation of potatoes with autumn cutting of ridges reduces the development of rhizoctoniosis by 2-4.9 times, common scab by 2.1-2.8 times compared with conventional tillage, and also prevents the development of tuber rot;

early, but soil- and weather-oriented planting of tubers at an optimal planting depth;

· creation of conditions for optimum density of standing and uniform distribution of plants across the field;

- selection of resistant or tolerant varieties to reduce the risk of viral diseases, potato cancer, late blight and nematodes;

Compliance with all the requirements of phytohygiene: timely destruction of intermediate hosts of potato pests and diseases, the remains of tubers and tops in the field, as well as the space during planting;

· Pre-sowing dressing of tubers against rhizoctoniosis and other fungal diseases transmitted through tubers, and currently also against such pests as wireworm, Colorado potato beetle, etc.

Cleaning and post-harvest handling

Harvesting is the most complex and time-consuming technological operation in the cultivation of potatoes. Depending on the purpose, conditions and time of sale of potatoes, harvesting can be carried out using three technologies. Harvesting begins with pre-harvest haulm removal 10-12 days before harvesting in order to improve the working conditions of harvesters and accelerate the maturation of tubers.

Harvesting potatoes with a combine

In-line harvesting - harvester (digger) - vehicle - sorting point - vehicle - storage or sending for sale. With this technology, the process turns out to be completely finished, potatoes are stored for storage without foreign impurities and calibrated into fractions.

Post-harvest sorting

Transshipment cleaning - harvester (digger) - vehicle - temporary storage for two to three weeks - sorting with sorting storage or sending for sale. Direct-flow cleaning - harvester (digger) - vehicle - storage. With this technology, the tubers are mechanically damaged much less compared to the production technology, but unsorted potatoes with an admixture of soil and leftover tops are stored for storage, as, for example, when harvesting with a combine.

Storage

Potato storage technology largely depends on the initial quality of tubers, which is determined by the input and current tuber analysis.

Technological stages of storage:

drying potatoes

The treatment period

cooling period,

the main period

spring period.

Pre-sales processing

Pre-sale commodity processing of potatoes is carried out mainly at storage enterprises. Conveyor lines are used

to identify non-standard products,

washing and drying

sizing and sorting,

packaging in consumer packaging.

Seed preparation

Currently, the in-line technology of tuber preparation using sorting points KSP-15 is widely used.

Potato sorting station KSP-15V

The technological process of preparing seed tubers for planting includes the following operations: unloading tubers from storage or piles, loading into vehicles, selection of tubers with defects on the sorting table, calibration by fractions, air-thermal heating on sites or in containers, after air-thermal heating, secondary selection of substandard tubers on the sorting table, accumulation in storage bins, loading of tubers into vehicles with simultaneous processing pesticides, transportation to the field, loading the planter into the bunker, planting.