We build with our own hands: how to make concrete smooth. How to make papier mache products smooth How to make papier mache products

Ways to align the inner and outer corners. Application of material and tools. Calculation of an even angle, ways to determine the angle by 90 degrees.

How to straighten the corner of a wall

A flat surface is a sign of the quality work of plasterers and fillers.

Can be glued on various wallpapers, paint, panel or ceramic. If there are no workers, how to level the corner of the wall, make the surface even, smooth?

Drawing 90-degree angles requires materials, tools, and certain skills.

Why is it necessary to level the corner of the wall

Smooth wall joints in the room - a neat appearance. If curved walls can be hidden behind wallpaper and paintings, then the corners will make the room untidy.

Another disadvantage of the curvature of the master is the difficulty of installing tiles, wallpapering, and another finish. To align the joints of the walls, you need to work hard, however, in the future this will affect appearance and neatness.

How to align the inner corners of the walls in the room with your own hands

To align the internal joints, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work.

1. The cleaned surface from tiles or wallpaper is checked for voids under the plaster. It is necessary to tap the adjacent walls from the ceiling to the bottom. In the event of a change in sound (empty), it is better to roll the plaster. Otherwise, it may itself fall off along with the finish coat. Another sign of emptiness are small cracks running horizontally to the floor.
2. After the collapsed coating, remove all debris. It's a dusty job, but it won't interfere with later work.
3. Everything is cleaned from dust and small pebbles with a dry brush. To reduce dust, you can spray the place with water from a sprayer.
4. Next, the surface is coated with a primer, preferably 2 times.
5. A plumb line is lowered from the ceiling to the floor to determine the curvature. When large deviations are found the best option is drywall. Otherwise, the plaster layer will have to be applied several times, each dried layer being primed.

The inner corner can be leveled in several ways. In addition to drywall, conventional gypsum or cement plaster, beacons, corner spatulas.

How to level previously plastered walls in an apartment

If the wall is curved, then leveling the seam will be a waste of work. Curved plastered walls should be identified by the percentage of curvature. This can be done with a level, a plumb line, a rule. The walls are aligned in a circle.

For leveling walls, materials are applicable:

1. Drywall. For large differences, a frame metal base is used. If the walls have a slight curvature, then the GKL is glued to the surface.
2. Chipboard. Applicable plates for leveling not very curved surfaces.
3. Panels. Aligning the walls, use the frame base.

Depending on the room, humidity and temperature changes, the desired material is selected.

How to display a 90 degree angle on walls

When self-plastering walls and leveling joints, a plaster corner profile is used. It can be metal or plastic. On the sides of the corner there is a reinforced mesh. The profile is applied to wet plaster and set with the help of a level. Reinforced mesh covered with plaster.

And also the docking surface can be made even with an angled spatula. It has a perfectly flat shape. With no effort, it creates a 90-degree wall joint.

It is difficult to bring out 90 degrees on your own. This is possible only with small differences, where putty is applicable.

What materials are used to level wood?

The wooden surface also needs pre-treatment followed by leveling. align wooden surface You can use materials:

1. Drywall. For installation, you must first measure the degree of curvature, and then make measurements and calculate materials. The frame base is made from wooden slats or metal profiles. For strong frame make transverse stiffeners. GCR fastening in the corners is carried out using several technologies. The joints of the walls are smooth at 90 degrees.
2. Chipboard. They are also attached to a frame base made of wood. All elements are treated with drying oil or antiseptic agents.
3. Plywood 6-9 mm. It should be processed. The material is mainly used for leveling surfaces in the garage, pantry, country house. For fastening, a wooden frame is also created.

After that, the created surface with even corners is puttied, primed and covered with a finishing material - wallpaper, paint, tile.

As well as walls and their joints wooden house level with materials:

• putty - a layer of the superimposed mixture of 2 mm. Before applying putty, it is necessary to process the walls;
• cement mortars - they are applied to a rough surface or they are pre-stuffed with shingles or a large mesh;
• use of corners. If the walls are even or have small differences, metal or plastic corners. In this case, after a second layer of putty, the angle is 90 degrees.

Cement mortar shrinks. When applying a thick layer, make sure that the created plane does not flow down.

How to make even the outer corners of the walls

Curved outer corners are the result of the hasty work of the builders. To align them, you must first determine the degree of curvature. Another reason for alignment is frequent impacts with sharp and heavy objects.

For alignment, materials and tools will be used. A level is also required.

What will be required

For work, you will need a perforated corner, putty or plaster mixture based on gypsum, primer, regular and angled trowels.

It is not difficult to carry out the work if everything you need is “at hand”. Even the most curved docking surface is created at 90 degrees without much effort and time.

How to align wall corners at 90 degrees with a corner

The outer corner is easier to level than the inner. For this, a perforated metal corner is used.

1. First, the surface is cleaned and coated with a primer.
2. After reveal the degree of curvature.
3. A plaster or putty gypsum mortar is applied to the corner on both sides.
4. It is pressed into it and leveled with a corner level.
5. Give time for the solution to solidify. All excess weight is removed. The sides are leveled with a spatula.
6. After drying sandpaper it is necessary to remove the excess and apply a thin layer of the solution again. At the same time, the work is done carefully so that there are no tubercles.

The final step is sanding with sandpaper and coating with a primer for finishing.

The perforated corner will not only level the 90-degree angle, but also protect the surface from impacts.

How to set a 90 degree angle when plastering walls

If the angle has a large percentage of curvature, then a different method is used. A beacon is set up on the wall from the junction on the opposite side. From him to the side is alignment. Thus, equalize the adjacent wall. Smooth walls form an angle of 90 degrees. The final leveling is done with an angled spatula.

Ways to check the 90 degree angle between the walls inside and outside

There are several ways to check how flat the corner is. So:

1. A square is the easiest way.
2. The second way is to create a corner from a profile. Measure 30.60.90 cm from the corner along one wall. The length of one side of the profile will be 90. Set aside 30.60.90.120 cm on the other side on the adjacent wall. The length of the second side of the profile corner will be 120 cm. From one point where postponed 90 to another point 120 there should be a distance of 150 cm. The sides of the profile are connected with screws at 90 degrees. The edges are connected with another piece of profile equal to 150 cm. This corner is measured inner corner in the room in several places.
3. The outer corner is measured in the same way, only all marks are marked on the floor. That is. From outer corner on the floor, you need to retreat a length multiple of 4. Let's say 1.6 meters. It is laid along one wall. Further, along the other wall, 1.2 meters should be set aside. There must be a distance of 2 meters between the end points. If so, then the angle is 90 degrees. If not, then alignment should be applied.

Before you start leveling the joints of the walls, you need to find out how much they have a deviation, curvature. DL leveling is used as drywall, plywood, and ordinary putty, and perforated corners. To derive an exact beautiful angle, you need to stock up on materials, tools and a little mathematical knowledge - the Pythagorean theorem.

Useful video

A number of wood products sometimes want to be made perfectly even, so that their surface is glossy and smooth, like glass. FROM modern materials and accessible hand tools, this can be done without difficulty even for a beginner. True, sometimes you need to practice on materials that are more accessible and improvised, so as not to spoil the finished product during such decoration. In this step by step instructions we will tell you how to make a perfectly smooth wooden surface with your own hands.

materials

Before you start, you will need to prepare:

• sandpaper of different grain sizes (the more options you have, the better);
• protective gloves;
• components for breeding epoxy resin;
• empty container;
• wooden spatula;
• plastic polish;
• rags for polishing;
• soldering lamp.

Step 1. First, you need to carefully treat the wooden surface that you decide to make perfectly smooth. This step is very important, the success of your event depends on it.

Take coarse-grained paper and treat the surface completely with it. After that, go to a slightly lighter grit paper and continue until you have used all the paper you have collected and the surface of the wood is very smooth.

Periodically during operation, brush off the resulting dust with a rag or dry brush.

Step 2. Make sure the prepared surface is free of dust and deep scratches. If they are, in the next stages the flaws will come out. Get rid of all irregularities while sanding the surface.

Step 3. Take the components for diluting the epoxy resin solution and mix them in an empty container, in the ratio indicated by the manufacturer in the instructions.

When mixing the ingredients, mix them with a wooden spatula. Try not to slosh the mixture too much so that bubbles do not form in it.

Step 4. Pour the prepared epoxy solution onto the prepared wood surface.
You can practice in advance on any other wooden products. You need to define for yourself optimal height during resin spill. If you raise the container too high, bubbles will form on the surface. AT finished product they will not look aesthetically pleasing. If you pour too low, you won't get a perfectly smooth surface either. The resin will have to be leveled manually over the surface.

Step 5. If after pouring the epoxy you see a small amount of bubbles. Process them immediately by bringing a lit blowtorch to the surface for this.

Under the influence of the flame, the bubbles will burst, and the surface will become smooth. Do not hold the lamp for too long, otherwise the composition will light up.

Step 6. After the epoxy has dried, which usually takes about a day, take fine-grained sandpaper and carefully sand the surface. Pour the second layer of epoxy. Similarly, in case of bubbles, treat it with a blowtorch.

Step 7. When epoxy compound dry thoroughly, take plastic polish and a polishing cloth. Rub your item thoroughly. Ready.

Papier-mache in art, needlework is used as a material for making sculptures, puppets, fruit bowls, dolls and other items. You can make a variety of crafts for the interior. The surface of papier-mâché is easily dyed in desired color also it can be decorated.

How to make paper mache products

To prepare a mass of papier-mâché, you will need unnecessary newspapers or other paper, glue, water. Glue mixed with water in a ratio of 2/1. Newspapers should be cut into strips two centimeters wide or torn into small pieces. Combine the newspapers and the adhesive solution, mix until a homogeneous mixture with a spoon or bristle brush.

If you use stationery glue to make the material, keep in mind that difficulties may lie in wait for you when painting the molded product. The paint may refuse to adhere to the surface. It is best to prime the product with art white or paint before painting. acrylic primer and then paint over.

Some products look better with a smooth surface. When pasting the form with strips of paper, it is not always possible to achieve perfect smoothness. But the procedure for leveling the surface is not as complicated as it might seem - you just need to be patient with it.

How to get a smooth papier-mâché surface

First you need to align the most noticeable pits by gluing small pieces of paper there. Do this until the surface looks more or less even. The product must be dried, after which the surface is treated with a fine-grained sandpaper. Perform the processing in circular light movements, pressing should be as light as possible. Remove paper fibers periodically with a rag. Coat the treated surface thickly with glue and dry well to make the top layer stronger. This procedure can be repeated several times to increase the strength of the top layer. After that, you can start painting, inlaying or decorating the surface in another way.

For minor roughness, cover the surface with several layers of PVA glue or use an aerosol varnish for cars.

If you want to paint the product, after the staining procedure is over, it is better to coat the surface with varnish in two or three layers. Varnish is suitable for both nitro and furniture, just make sure that the paint does not “float”. The product processed in this way will turn out smooth and shiny.

Everyone who starts to make repairs will have to face such a problem that the walls even modern buildings do not shine at all with a perfectly flat surface. Rather, on the contrary, they are replete with various roughness, notches and flaws. The waviness and unevenness of the walls is clearly visible even on walls consisting of concrete slabs. If the irregularities are no more than a few centimeters, they can be corrected with putty, but if they are significant, then you will have to take up plastering work. Such a need may arise, and it cannot be avoided.

However, plastering work now, for example, when working, is not a cheap pleasure, therefore it is best to reduce the cost of all processes as much as possible. To do this, you can simply miss those parts of the walls that are hidden from view, plastering only the most noticeable places or the front walls of the rooms.

What places need to be brought to an ideal, if possible, state? The answer to this question is quite simple:

Walls that are at right angles to the window, or those on which oblique light falls.
This will be simply necessary, provided that there will not be furniture that hides the unevenness of the walls.
Locations for skirting boards.

You should especially pay attention to those places that will be right in front of your eyes. In addition, attach the plinth to uneven surface will be extremely difficult. In order to check how uneven the walls are, no special equipment is needed, it is enough to take a long straight line. wooden block and attach it to the wall in the place where the plinth will be attached. In those places where irregularities are observed, you can put a layer of plaster, 15 centimeters high, and then gradually smooth out the irregularities with putty. Of course, care must be taken that subsequently, for example, when cosmetic repairs, simply did not fall off the wall. To do this, the wall must be cleared of old plaster well primed with a special primer, or simple glue PVA diluted with water.

Other wall defects can simply be leveled with putty, this will be quite enough for visual effect. Another point must be taken into account necessarily - gypsum plaster is attached to the surface only mechanically, that is, does not enter into any chemical reactions with her. Therefore, it should not be used in places where walls can vibrate, for example, when opening or closing doors.

The most common defects that are constantly observed are peeling and cracking of the finished plaster. According to building codes, when working with brick walls, in conditions where the temperature is above 23 degrees Celsius, the surface must be moistened with water. If this is not done, then the plaster may peel off.

High-quality plaster should be made on beacons that do not exceed the thickness of the plaster layer. If the coating is assumed to be single-layer, then the applied plaster must be immediately leveled, and when using trowels, after the mortar has set. From these, as well as other "little things", will largely depend on how long the work you have done will "last".

The secret of putty lies in the fact that with it you can even out only small irregularities, no more than 5 cm. Therefore, large differences will have to be masked with decorative structures or drywall. Moreover, at the very beginning, they may seem insignificant, and only at the end of it you will find that the wallpaper does not fit together, the skirting boards do not stick to the walls, or the furniture is crooked. Therefore, you need to try to make all the necessary measurements in advance, taking into account the future design of the apartment. In addition, please contact Special attention on compliance with technical standards in the preparation of the necessary solutions, since a discrepancy can, subsequently, spoil the whole result.

It should also be taken into account that from drafts in the room, temperature changes, as well as other natural (and not quite) factors, cracks may occur, and when plaster or putty is applied to damp surfaces, peeling and peeling will appear. The same can happen from excessive drying of the surface. Accordingly, you need to either dry or moisten the walls.

There is another point that also needs to be taken into account. Do not allow the imposition of heavier coatings on lighter ones. For example, cement mortar in no case should it be applied to plaster and the like. Irregular surfaces such as wooden structures in the walls, it is necessary to cover with a special mesh.

After the plaster has completely dried, it is necessary to tap the entire surface. As a result of this, it is possible to detect places of unstable fit of the plaster. It will have to be beaten off and plastered again. In general, summing up, we can say that following some rules and adhering to building codes, available excellent result, at minimum cost.
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Comments

Elena 19.08.13

We live in the ordinary high-rise building and during the repair faced with the problem of uneven walls and ceilings. The differences in some places reached up to 5 centimeters. In some places, where the differences are not striking, we reduced the surface to nothing with putty. And in the corners of the rooms, near the cabinets, the walls had to be leveled. It took a lot of plastering, and the process is tedious. Sometimes, after drying, the plaster moved away from the wall and had to be redone. But now we have even walls and there are no problems with wallpapering.

Elena's process is really tedious, given that you have furniture in all rooms and this makes your work very difficult.

Yuri 21.07.14

An important point in wall plastering is the ratio of sand and cement and water. If the mortar is not mixed correctly, the plaster will not stick to the wall and will easily come off. It will be a complete torment. To do this, I usually use a trowel, an ordinary Soviet tool, and make a sketch, after that I level everything with a spatula. Naturally, you need to use the level at every step. A small level, by the way, will not work, you need a long one. After the plaster has dried, putty can be applied. Well, it’s already easier here - I apply it with a spatula and evenly distribute it on the wall. We rub the dried putty with sandpaper and get mirror-smooth and smooth walls.

Maxim 07/23/14

I never thought about how to level the walls before. But we bought a new home and everything here was so crooked that we had to master the technique of leveling the walls.
I started by reading articles on the Internet and mastered some rules.
Be sure to do the initial alignment of the walls. it is made with a starting putty and this layer will be the thickest in comparison with the rest. Next comes the alignment itself, and only then finishing work. For all stages you need to buy a special mixture.
After doing the last step, you should clean the walls with sandpaper.

Fox 25.07.14

You write that "the walls of even modern buildings do not at all shine with a perfectly flat surface." Then imagine what kind of surface I have at home, which was built by self-taught Armenians in the 90s, and where their hands grow from is generally a big question. The walls just “lie down”, when I glue the wallpaper, I just lay them on the wall, and when I get to the corners and batteries, I just remember all the obscene language that I know to myself. Last year, only one room was plastered by the master, it's lovely). It is pleasant to look at a flat, smooth wall with a smooth coating. With such walls, it is pleasant to glue wallpaper and lay tiles.

Vladimir 07/30/14

My brother bought an apartment in a nome house, so the walls there were all filled up. Even the horizontal slabs were laid out of level. The plaster was thrown in at random. In general, the builders did their best). I had to put corners on each corner. It's good that now they have come up with very convenient corners, with a grid, which made it possible to align these corners and everything fell into place. After the putty, everything became even. But a lot of money was spent on this, putty now costs a lot, I had to apply a large layer, and not just one. It took a lot of time and effort, but in the end the apartment now looks perfectly flat. With ceilings it was easier, gypsum-cardboard leveled everything.

Andrey 06.08.14

We built our house with our own hands, not without builders, of course, but we did a lot ourselves, including plastering the walls. The main thing is to calculate the correct thickness of the outline and align it well. For this there are corners and a grid. It will also be mandatory to use levels, preferably long ones, for walls. When applying plaster nearby, you need to have a container with water for the tool. If it is constantly moistened, the tool on cement will glide perfectly, which will facilitate the work. Not the last thing will be the correct ratio of sand and cement, without this the plaster simply will not hold. It is better to calculate together with the builders.

Anna 06.10.14

My husband and I moved to old apartment his parents. Naturally, we decided to make repairs, when the wallpaper was torn off, we were in shock, in front of us was a shabby, uneven wall. The shop advised us gypsum plaster with thermal insulation properties. As it is written on the package, thanks to it, walls can be leveled without the use of additional finishing materials. We applied the plaster with an ordinary trowel, we had to apply three layers to completely level the walls, of course we were very tired, it was especially hard with the corners. But it was a pleasure to glue the wallpaper, then on even walls.

Apartments on the secondary market and in a new building have something in common: for example, uneven walls with many visible defects. Of course, you can stick thick wallpaper with a pattern and forget about the problem, but more delicate materials will require careful leveling of the surface. What materials to choose and in what sequence to carry out the work, we tell today.

1. Substrate surface preparation

The first step is to prepare the base surface and remove substances that weaken the adhesion of materials - grease, dust and dirt. To remove dust, use a vacuum cleaner or a regular brush.

When working on smooth concrete, monolithic foundations Treat the cleaned surface with weber.prim contact bonding primer to create a rough surface. This will allow the thick layer of plaster to adhere better to the smooth base.

2. Installation of beacons for alignment

Before plastering, it is necessary to set the final alignment plane - a regular or laser level. Use metal, plastic or rubbed beacons for this purpose: keep in mind that metal and plastic beacons will need to be removed from the wall after the plaster mixture has dried.

The main advantage of rubbed beacons is that they do not need to be removed after the plaster layer has dried - this greatly simplifies the work. You can create such beacons using a 28 × 80 mm profile and gypsum plaster. Make sure that the distance between the beacons is slightly less than the length of the rule used.

3. Basic alignment

To hide significant surface irregularities, use weber.vetonit profi gyps plastic gypsum plaster: it is able to even out differences up to 50 mm in one layer (locally - up to 100 mm).

To prepare the solution, pour into a bucket required amount water, pour out the plaster from the bag, mix the dry mixture with water using a drill with special nozzles for 3 minutes. The resulting solution is usable within 40 minutes.

The plaster easily pounces on the wall and adheres firmly to various types mineral surfaces. After application, smooth it out with a conventional two-handed spatula. If you are processing large area, it is more profitable to apply the plaster mechanized - using a mixing pump.

4. Finishing alignment

After complete drying plaster layer, you just have to remove the small irregularities of the wall using finishing putty weber.vetonit LR+. When preparing the mortar, follow the instructions on the back of the plaster package. The result should be a plastic homogeneous mass that can be used within 24 hours, and when stored in a closed bucket - within 48 hours.

Apply putty on the wall manually with a metal spatula or mechanically in a thin layer of 1 to 5 mm. Apply each subsequent layer on a completely dried previous one: drying time is about a day.

After last layer dry, remove the remaining small irregularities with a fine-grained sandpaper, almost zero with a grain of 50-63 microns or less. After that, you can safely proceed to pasting the wall with wallpaper.

5. Superfinishing

If you decide to paint the walls, then a super-finish leveling will not be superfluous. To create an ideal base without the slightest graininess, ready-made superfinishing polymer putty weber.vetonit LR pasta will help. It is sold already in finished form, so it is doubly convenient to work with it. Due to its homogeneous consistency, the paste can be easily applied in the thinnest layers - from 0.2 mm.

After drying, treat the surface of the putty with sanding paper and do not forget to remove dust. Be sure to prime the walls before painting: this will reduce the absorbency of the wall, strengthen the surface and ensure the necessary adhesion of the paint.