Natural tiles how to lay. The price of installation of a roof from a ceramic tile. The required number of ceramic tiles for the roof

Natural ceramic tiles are considered to be one of the oldest roofing materials. During this time, she proved to consumers excellent performance characteristics, such roofs stand for many decades, and even centuries.

Modern technologies and materials have allowed manufacturers to significantly improve the characteristics of ceramic tiles and eliminate traditional shortcomings. One of the disadvantages was the great complexity and laboriousness roofing works. Now this problem is not considered urgent, the designers have developed special locks, due to which not only the laying of tiles is facilitated and accelerated, but also the reliability, durability and tightness of the roof are significantly increased.

Ceramic tiles belong to the elite coating, such roofs can only be seen on prestigious houses, historical or religious buildings. Ordinary consumers are of little interest in the technology of installing tiles, but they all pay attention to appearance. And it depends on two components.

Prices for ceramic tiles

Ceramic tiles

Geometry of tiles

The more complex the geometry, the more expensive the material. The fact is that performance largely depends on the geometry. industrial equipment, and this factor has a decisive influence on the cost of production.

What profile can a tile have?

Flat. The simplest profile and the cheapest tile. It is made on continuous pressing lines with further piece cutting. The disadvantage is that the strength of the fastening is questionable by some developers, and big square overlap reduces the useful size of each tile.
Tray. Traditional European material, often used in places of worship and monasteries. Hence the second name "Monk-Nun". In all operational parameters, it surpasses the flat one.
S-shaped. In terms of tightness of the coating, it occupies a leading position, original shape completely eliminates wetting truss system due to slanting rain.

There are also differences between the types of locks for fixing individual tiles, but they do not affect the installation technology.

Ceramic tiles are a piece of roofing material that has a lot of advantages over other coatings. For example, the life of a tiled roof is hundreds of years. Learn more about the advantages of shingles, its disadvantages and characteristics can be

Features of processing external surfaces

IN old times ceramic tiles had only one color, which depended on the chemical composition of the clay. At present, technology has gone so far that it has enabled manufacturers to change not only color, but also physical characteristics finishing front surfaces of a tile.

Type of outer coating	Short description
	This is the natural color of the clay obtained after annealing. Depending on the annealing temperature and the chemical composition of the clay, it can have several shades. The natural color is indicated by the surface of the tile - it is a little rough, in many ways similar to the surface of the facing red brick.
	This color is achieved due to the complexity of the technology for the production of roofing material and allows you to achieve the most identical shades of different batches of tiles. The fact is that slight differences in colors create difficulties during installation. It has to be constantly mixed, otherwise large spots with multi-colored shades may appear on the roof. This significantly degrades the appearance of the building. To exclude such phenomena, a special clay milk with a stable chemical composition. After firing, the surface of all tiles becomes completely the same.
	The most complex processing of the outer surface of the tile, significantly improves all the operational characteristics of the roof. The disadvantage is a significant increase in cost. Glazed tiles are fired in two stages. At the first, only clay is fired, then a special composition is applied and the tiles are again fed into the kiln for re-firing.

Modern ceramic tiles resemble the traditional ones in only two things: the name and the material of manufacture. All other characteristics: appearance, size and shape, physical and operational characteristics are significantly different. has undergone significant changes and laying technology, now the work is done much easier and faster. But this does not mean that ceramic tiles are as easy to install as metal roofing. As before, only the most experienced, responsible and conscientious roofers can perform such work.

Conventionally, the technology can be divided into two large and equally important stages: preparatory and main.

Preparatory stage

At this stage, the technology provides for the construction of a truss system, lathing, special layers of hydroprotection, etc. Let us consider these works in more detail.

For the installation of tiles, it is necessary to prepare measuring tools, a grinder with diamond disc for cutting tiles, a screwdriver, tongs and pliers, a stapler and a hacksaw for wood.

Important. During laying, be sure to follow the safety rules, work with safety systems, protect your respiratory organs and eyes.

Step 1.

To do this, you should find out the number of columns (vertical rows) of the tiles. In this case, it must be taken into account that the extension beyond the extreme side rafters should not exceed 33 cm.

Make calculations very carefully, tiles are an expensive material, excesses have Negative influence on the total estimated cost of the roof.

Each slope must be calculated separately, taking into account the range and number of special additional elements and tiles, the need for cutting, the length of skates and valleys, the presence of chimneys, ventilation pipes and other engineering communications. Then the data is summarized and only after that the material is purchased. Elements of the drainage system are purchased separately.

Step 2 Drip installation. It is needed to drain condensate that falls on the protective membrane. The element is nailed along the entire length of the eaves with an overlap of about 10 cm. When joining in the valleys, the metal strips are cut at the appropriate angles, the amount of overlap depends on the angle parameters.

Step 3 Installation of crates in valleys. These are very complex and most dangerous sections of the truss system, it is here that leaks most often appear, rot prematurely wooden structures. In the valleys, nail the bars of the diagonal counter-lattice to the rafter legs, the lower ends should be cut flush with the metal cornice strips. In the valley, waterproofing is necessarily mounted, you can use any modern canvas.

Step 4 Nail the membrane along the entire length of the slopes, direction from bottom to top, overlap within 10–15 cm. The canvas is fixed to the rafter legs with a stapler. The membrane is glued to the dropper of the cornice overhang double sided tape. Avoid wrinkles.

Step 5 Nail the bars of the counter-lattice, they are fixed to the rafters over the membrane.

Practical advice. The length of the bars is not more than 1.5 m, leave holes for ventilation between them natural ventilation roof space.

In order to make it convenient and safe to work on a slope, a temporary counter-lattice can be nailed to the bars in several places; it is used only for the movement of workers. In the future, as the main counter-lattice is made, the temporary bars are removed.

Step 6 Cover the valley and the ridge on the other side of the slope. The overlap of the material on the triangular slope should be approximately 5 cm. The upper row is always laid on the lower one, the overlap in these places is at least ten centimeters.

Laying material on the ridge of the roof

Step 7 Mount the counter grille on triangular and rectangular slopes. If the roof is complex hipped, then the bars are nailed on the ridges along the junction line of the slopes, then the vertical bars of the counter-lattice are stuffed, be sure to leave a gap between them and the diagonal ones for ventilation.

Step 8 Along the perimeter of the roof along the cornice overhang, nail the lower bar of the crate; at the docking points, it must be filed for a tight connection. Cover the ventilation gap with perforated tape.

Installation of the lower bars

Step 9 Installing the bottom railing. This is already a more complex and very responsible technological operation, it requires very careful markup. First you need to know exactly the position of the bracket for fixing the gutter and the tiles of the first row.

Do not forget that the overhang of the tiles into the gutter should not exceed a third of its diameter. Specific values are further adjusted depending on the vertical distance between the gutter and the tiles.

After the fitting has been done several times, finally mark the position of the batten rail under upper part tiles. Nail the bars of the counter-lattice only under the level, they must be strictly in a horizontal position.

Step 10 Nail the upper ridge bars of the counter-batten. Place them at a distance of 3 cm from the ridge line. The final marking of the position of the bars along the entire slope is best done with a special chopping rope.

Step 11 Installation of the crate on the slopes. First, the calculation of the distance and marking is done. Take these operations very seriously, all further work on laying the roof depends on them.

Important. The calculation of the counter-lattice must be done with such a condition that on the slope in without fail fit whole rows of tiles. Such work can only be performed by professional roofers, amateurs should not try to do them. The consequences of the mistake are the need to completely dismantle not only the roof, but also the counter-lattice.

Prices for a safety belt from various manufacturers

Safety belt

How to do the calculation and markup?

Measure the distance between the bottom support bar and the last one near the ridge.
Remember that the distance at the overhang should be within 32–39 cm, in other areas the crate spacing is 31.2–34.5 cm. The parameters may vary depending on the manufacturer, the exact data is always written in the instructions.
Divide the resulting length by the size of the allowable step so that you get an integer number of rows.
With a tape measure, make marks on the first and last vertical rails of the counter-batten.
The marking of the rows must be done with a special marking cord. Beat off your lines for each row of the counter-lattice.

Please note that during the manufacture of the counter-lattice, roofers never use templates, but mark the position of each bar individually. This algorithm of actions significantly reduces the likelihood of errors. With this, the first stage is completed, you can proceed to the second.

Tiling technology

Installation of tiles begins after the installation of the drainage system, in extreme cases after screwing the gutter hooks. Each manufacturer drainage systems recommends its technology, you should read the instructions and follow their requirements.

Step 1. Work should begin with the gutters of the valley, they divert water to weirs. The elements are fixed to the crate with special brackets in increments of ≈30 cm.

Step 2 Install the first gable tile on the gable overhang.

Important. WITH reverse side tiles have a special support spike, its presence is caused by technological features production. This spike is not needed for the first row, it should be carefully knocked down with a hammer. Work carefully, do not split the surface of the tiles. If the spike is left in place, it will interfere correct installation coatings.

Step 3 Mark 90 cm from the edge of the gable tile to the left. This is the distance between the three vertical columns of the tile. Make such marks along the entire length of the slope, then use a string to mark the entire height of the roof. The lines will help to constantly control the correct position of the tiles, which simplifies the installation of the roof and makes various technological errors unlikely.

Step 4. Lay out the first bottom row, attach each tile to the lathing rail with nails or self-tapping screws. To do this, you need to drill holes in the comb.

Step 5 Lay out the vertical column of the gable row. All gable tiles also need to be fixed, but with at least two self-tapping screws.

Scheme of laying tiles, correct pruning. in pink shingles are shown cut in half lengthwise

Carefully check the position of the rows made. Everything is in order - excellent. Further, the tiles are laid out from right to left from bottom to top. In these areas, nothing is nailed, which greatly speeds up the process of covering the roof. In the places of the valleys and at the ridge, the tiles again need to be screwed. Ridge elements are fixed with special devices.

Fastening of the spinal timber and tiles near the valley

Laying the first tiles on the ridge

Skate tiling. Fastening of the lower extreme tile of the ridge

Prices for popular models of screwdrivers

Screwdrivers

Video - Ceramic tile laying technology

Installation of ceramic tiles is a complex process for a person without experience, requiring reinforcement of the roof truss structure. A ceramic tile weighs ten times more than a metal tile, since its base is clay. Any mistakes when laying roofing material can lead to serious problems, so it is better to entrust all work to professionals. But if you are confident in yourself and your abilities, then first read the installation instructions for ceramic tiles, given in this article.

Installation rules

Remember the basic rules for installing ceramic tiles, which will make your work easier:

Installation is carried out from right - to the left, from below - up
Before laying the slabs, they are lifted 5-6 pieces per roof and evenly distributed over it
Compared with metal roofing for a roof made of ceramic tiles, it is necessary to strengthen the truss structure by 15-20 percent
The optimal slope of the roof for the installation of ceramic tiles is 50 degrees. Minimum slope- 11 degrees
Lathing and counter-latticing step - 30 centimeters
It is better to deliver tiles to the construction site immediately before the start of work.
Transportation of ceramic tiles is carried out by trucks on pallets. The weight of one element is from 2 to 4 kilograms

Shingles calculation

Use the table to determine the number of tile tiles. Useful width and length - the dimensions of the tile. Measure the area of the roof and make the appropriate calculations.

Should you use ceramic tiles?

Many people have a question: “Is it necessary to cover the roof with ceramic tiles at all?”. After all, it is difficult to install, and this process is laborious, because it is necessary to lay one element at a time. It is much easier and faster to cover the roof with ondulin or metal tiles. Let's try to answer this question.

Here are some of the benefits of ceramic tiles that make some homeowners use them as roofing material:

Ecological purity. Ceramic tiles are made from clay according to all requirements. Thanks to firing at a temperature of 1000 degrees, the material acquires a brown-red tint.
Duration of operation. Ceramic tiles can last up to 100 years! And there will be no corrosion. This material is durable and reliable, non-flammable and noise-absorbing.
Uniqueness. A roof covered with ceramic tiles is fundamentally different from others. But again, this is a matter of taste.
High resistance to ultraviolet radiation, precipitation
Easy to replace damaged roof sections

Flaws:

Big weight
High price
Difficulty of installation
Brittleness under high mechanical stress

To use ceramic tiles or not - the choice is yours. Compare all the advantages and disadvantages, compare them with other roofing materials and make the right choice!

Video about the installation of ceramic tiles

Cement-sand tiles have a lot of weight, so at the design stage it is necessary to lay an increased strength of the foundation, bearing walls and rafter system. Tiling is possible on any type of roof, the recommended angle of inclination of the slopes is 22 - 60 °.

Base and framing

The rafter system of a tiled roof must be strong. The distance is determined project documentation, depends on design load and length rafter legs, while taking into account the climatic region of the building, snow and wind load, total weight roofing.

The greater the distance between the rafters, the more thick timber crates will be needed. The recommended section of the rafters is at least 50 * 150 mm.

Before mounting the battens, the plane of the rafters is leveled: fluctuations in surface irregularities should be within -5 to +5 mm per 2 m.

deposit photos

Laying waterproofing

A waterproofing membrane or film is laid on top of the rafters parallel to the cornice overhang with the front side (with logo) up. The rolls begin to roll out from below and move upwards without pulling tightly, leaving the membrane between the rafters to sag by 1-2 cm.

The size of the overlap of one roll on another is usually indicated by dotted lines on the film and is 10 cm. If the slope is steep, then the overlap is increased to 15–20 cm and the membrane is glued with double-sided tape.

Waterproofing materials are fixed on the rafters with a stapler, and then with counter-lattice bars.

It is unacceptable to make cuts or breaks in the film, folds are also undesirable. If the angle of inclination of the slope is less than 16 °, then a solid base is made under the CPU tile, on which.

Installation of the counter-lattice

A counter-lattice is mounted on top of the film on the rafters - bars 30 x 50 mm or 50 x 50 mm. They are nailed one after the other not close, a distance of 5-10 cm is left between them for free air circulation and ventilation.

On the ridge, the ends of the bars of the counter-lattice from two slopes are cut off and tightly joined.

Lathing installation

Bars 3-5 cm thick are used for the crate. The location of the first bar from the eaves depends on how much the tile will hang over the gutter system.

The step of the crate can be from 31 to 35 cm, the exact value is indicated in the accompanying documentation by the manufacturer and depends on the angle of inclination of the slope.

Installing a drip

The cornice is the most prominent place on the roof, important from a functional and decorative point of view:

drainage is done here;
the entrance of the ventilation hole for air intake into the under-roof space.

A metal dropper is mounted on a cornice board, its total length is equal to the length of the slope plus 0.3 m on each side. The overlap of the waterproofing membrane on the cornice is made at least 15 cm, it is left on top of the drip bar. An open ventilation gap is provided under the cornice board.

deposit photos

Installation of ordinary tiles

For load distribution cement-sand tiles on the roof in the process of work, it is preliminarily laid out in 5-6 pieces, evenly placing the stacks along the slope.

Tiles are laid in rows along the roof from bottom to top from right to left. The first and final rows of tiles are preliminarily laid out without fixing, markings are made from them using a coloring cord. Fastening is carried out with galvanized self-tapping screws in special holes, without tightening the fasteners to the stop.

Fastening with self-tapping screws to the crate is carried out only for those tile elements that are located in the extreme rows along the perimeter, as well as trimmed parts near the valleys. If the slope of the slope is steep (over 60 °), then the entire tile is fixed with self-tapping screws, regardless of its location.

Arrangement of the valley

Waterproofing at the junction of the slopes is done more carefully: first, a roll is rolled along the gutter from top to bottom, then the film rolls are overlapped from one slope to another.

On top of the film, in addition to the main crate, two more of its types are stuffed:

diagonal crate - along the gutter of the valley;
speeded up - parallel to the main one.

Installed along the gutter aluminum elements valleys from the bottom up with an overlap of 10 cm and are attached to wooden blocks using staples. Foam seals are installed along the valley elements.

deposit photos

Skate formation

Ridge elements of cement-sand tiles are installed after completion of all other types of work.

Special holders are mounted over the connection of the slopes, and in them there is a ridge bar, which is covered with an insulating sealing tape with ventilation holes. Then, ridge tiles are successively “mounted” on the timber.

Separate ridge elements cling one after another with the help of special clamps, which are attached to the bar with self-tapping screws. End caps are fixed with stainless steel screws.

Compliance with the installation technology of cement-sand tiles will provide the roof with durability and save it from leaks.

It is far from a secret that ceramic roofing tiles have earned their wide popularity among many developers due to their technical and aesthetic qualities. At least the period of its operation, capable of reaching a hundred years, can be considered confirmation of this. So, the manufacture of ceramic tiles is carried out using the sintering of natural materials, so the coating is able to endure absolutely any impact from natural factors. Of course, like any material, ceramic tiles have some drawbacks, the main of which is the rather laborious installation of a roof made of ceramic tiles, or rather, its individual elements, as well as the need to clearly and strictly follow the requirements of the installation instructions.

Starting work on the installation of ceramic tiles

Starting work with a material such as ceramic tiles, its installation can be divided into two main stages. During the first stage, all calculations are performed, and the bulk of the required materials are prepared, and at the second stage, the laying is carried out directly.

The required number of ceramic tiles for the roof

When for a room such as a bath, the roof may include one, two or more slopes located at different angles. The device of the tile is carried out according to the principle of overlapping, the size of which is affected, first of all, by the angle of the roof slope. If we subtract from the entire length of the ceramic part the segment that is necessary in order to form the overlap, we get a value that has the name of the useful length of the material. The effective width indicator is usually indicated by the manufacturer in the instructions attached to the material.

Having received all the necessary data to calculate the area, you should calculate how much material is required per 1 m² of roofing. The data obtained should be rounded up, which is justified by the need to cut off part of the material.

After that, to the already prepared data, you need to add another tiled row, which is required for the "battle" and trimming. It is also important not to forget to calculate the number that are needed for the device of the skate and.

Calculation of the amount of waterproofing material

In the event that ceramic tiles are mounted with their own hands, it is worth remembering that if roof slope equal to 22 degrees, then it is imperative to lay a layer of waterproofing. It is best to use for this roll material, which is laid according to the principle of overlapping the canvases at a distance of 10 centimeters, letting in gable and pitched lines of overhangs of 15 centimeters each, observing overlaps through corners protruding from above by 15 - 20 centimeters. To calculate the required amount of material, you need to multiply the total pitched area by 1.4.

Laying a waterproofing membrane with an indent of 30 centimeters from the ridge can guarantee normal ventilation to the structure. The skate itself must be equipped with a special insulation tape.

In the area of \u200b\u200bthe chimney passage and the junctions of the walls, it will be necessary to leave an overflow if the bathhouse on which the roof is mounted is attached directly to the room.

Calculation of the parameters of the crate and rafter legs

Thus, the equipment for the production of ceramic tiles works in such a way that the normal weight of natural tiles, which falls on 1 m² of roof, is 40 kilograms. Added to this is the potential snow load, especially for specific regions with snowy winters. That is why, when equipping a rafter system, it is important to approach the process very carefully and execute it so that it is powerful. But there is no special need to use an exceptionally thick beam, it will only be possible to reduce the installation step of the rafters. best solution for the rafter leg there will be a beam having rectangular section approximately 75x150 millimeters. Install mounting trusses it will be more correct every 60 - 90 centimeters.

For the device of the crate system, a beam with parameters of 50x50 millimeters is suitable, but you can also use a rectangular analogue (40x60 millimeters).

The rows of sheathing should have the same number as the horizontal rows of tiles. Another row is also added here, which will run along the overhang of the eaves.

Fixing ceramic tiles

The main fastening elements of the coating are zinc-treated screws and special clamps. Sheets of ceramic tiles must be carefully fixed in places where the wind load is increased. Be sure to fix the bottom row, which runs along the eaves line, as well as the row located along the ridge and pediment. In the event that work on laying the material is carried out on a roof whose slope is more than 50 degrees, then ordinary elements should be additionally fixed according to the staggered order. With such a device, one tile element will be able to support neighboring ones located above and below.

Verification as part of the preparation phase

In order to avoid any errors during the construction of the lathing system, associated, for example, with the skew of the material, the parameters of the mounted rafter system must be measured even before the start of direct installation.

First, the direction in which the horizontal slats are located is corrected, placing them according to the fan principle. In this case, the space left between the bars should increase towards the larger pediment.
Any deviations in the vertical direction should be removed according to the same fan principle, forming a slight backlash of parts in the desired direction.

Start off verification work stands from sloping diagonals. Provided that their parameters differ from each other, each side of the ramp should be measured separately.

Installation of ceramic tiles, details on the video:

The process of laying ceramic tiles

When arranging natural tiles on a base of waterproofing and insulation, it is important to equip the roof with two gaps designed for ventilation. The first of them should be located between the thermal and waterproofing membrane, and the second - between them and the coating. With this method of laying, all elements of insulation, wood, as well as the tiles themselves can be freely released from excess moisture, as a result of which the service life will be significantly extended.

The first of the ventilation gaps can be mounted both with the help of a crate, and by laying a 5 cm thick edged board along the ridge.
The counter-lattice device is designed to provide a second gap.

Laying order ceramic elements:

initially, without any fasteners, rows are laid along the ridge. If it is not possible to complete a series of whole pieces, the ceramic elements can be cut using a grinding tool equipped with a stone cutting disc. Pruning should only be done on the ground;
through pre-prepared directions, lines for mounting vertical columns are marked. It is important to outline the line of the pediment and further the lines located through 3 - 5 vertically arranged rows;
tiles must be fixed only in accordance with the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is best to start laying from the lower right roof corner and move to the left and up;
it is important not to forget about the arrangement and fixation of the additional parts intended for the pediment and the ridge. The edged board mounted on the ridge should not have points of contact with the tiles with ridge tiles. Elements are adjusted to each other by trimming;

Natural laying technology roof tiles has a number of features that must be observed when performing work. Ceramics covered houses hundreds of years ago, but so far it has not lost its relevance and popularity among homeowners, despite modern roofing materials capable of imitating a natural tile coating with sufficient quality. But, unfortunately, not every owner can afford the installation of ceramic tiles, as it belongs to the elite materials. In addition to the high cost of the material itself, laying it will also be expensive, because beautifully and correctly laid tiles require the participation of highly qualified craftsmen.

Features of a ceramic tile roof

Like any other natural material, baked clay tiles have many positive characteristics. But it is not without its drawbacks, the main of which is its massiveness. Weight ceramic coating ranges from 40 to 70 kg per square meter, which involves strengthening the truss structure. This is achieved either by increasing the cross section of the rafters, which is not at all necessary, or by reducing their pitch. But in both cases, material costs increase significantly.

Installation of natural tiles with a roof slope of up to 22 degrees requires an additional waterproofing layer. And with a slope of more than 50 degrees, the laying technology requires additional fastening of the tiled elements with screws or kleimers.

Ceramic tiles are able to create perfect roofing systems and high-quality coatings on roofs of any architectural form.

Additional details, on the one hand, reduce the time of work, but some of them, on the contrary, complicate the installation of the roof and increase the time for its construction. Included piece tiles includes the following elements:

privates;
skating;
walk-throughs;
ventilation;
half;
side;
gable;
decorative.

Among the advantages of tiles and tiled roofing can be noted:

durability (more than 100 years);
noiselessness;
environmental friendliness;
fire resistance;
frost resistance;
absence of static electricity on the surface;
does not require periodic painting;
does not respond to biological influences.

In addition to the large weight, the fragility of ceramics belongs to the negative characteristics, therefore, when transporting and laying tiles, it should be treated carefully and carefully.

Calculation of materials for a tiled roof

Still on stage design work calculate the materials needed for the work. Professionals use special computer programs, allowing you to determine as accurately as possible how much natural tiles are needed, the installation of which additional elements will be required, how many fasteners you need to purchase.

If desired approximate calculations the basic materials needed for a tiled roof can be produced independently.

Roof tiles

The sizes of a piece tile have indicators of the total and usable area. To determine its quantity, you need to know:

the length and width of each slope, taking into account the slope of the roof and the size of the overhangs;
specified by the manufacturer usable width material;
the amount of overlap when laying tile rows, depending on the slope of the roof and affecting the useful length of the tiles.

Installation of ceramic tiles with a slope of up to 25 degrees is carried out with an overlap of 100mm, from 25 to 35 degrees - 75mm, and more than 45 degrees - 45mm. These indicators are subtracted from the total length of the piece tile, resulting in a useful length, which is multiplied by the useful width and find out usable area one element.

Next, calculate the number of tiles in one square meter. For this, the unit is divided by the usable area, expressed in square meters. To find out the total amount of material, the resulting figure is multiplied by square meters roofing, and the results are rounded up.

It should be noted that calculations must be made for each slope separately. When laying tiles, some parts have to be cut off, which ultimately increases the amount of material required for installation.

There is a more accurate, but time-consuming method of calculation. The length of the slope determines the number of tiles that will be laid on the roof, based on the useful length of the element. This indicator determines the number of rows of tiles. Next, the number of tiles in one row is calculated.

The number of rows is multiplied by the number of tiles in the row, and the result is rounded up. In this case, it is recommended to add one row of tiles for trimming and a possible battle for each slope. At complex roofs The area is divided into simple geometric shapes.

Additional elements for gables and ridges are calculated based on the length of the structures, while not forgetting to round the result up.

Waterproofing

On roofs with a slope of up to 22 degrees, a waterproofing layer is arranged. To do this, it is recommended to use a roll membrane, laying it along the ridge and overhangs from the bottom up with an overlap of 10 cm. It is also required to leave overlaps of 15 cm on the gables and overhangs, not forgetting the overlaps of 15-20 cm at the locations of the protruding corners. Leaks are also left in the areas adjacent to walls, chimneys, ventilation shafts, dormer windows and etc.

The membrane panels do not let moisture in, but contribute to its removal to the outside. In places of overlap, adhesive tape is glued onto the film or it is fixed with a stapler to the crate. Along the perimeter and at the junctions, it is fixed with roofing nails, or wooden slats. Overlaps may be trimmed only after the installation of the tiles is completed.

Quantity calculation waterproofing material it is allowed to produce according to a simplified formula. To do this, the total area of \u200b\u200bthe roof, taking into account the slope, is multiplied by a factor of 1.4.

Rafters and lathing

Tiled roofing can only be laid on a sufficiently powerful roof structure. This requirement comes from the large weight of the tile itself, to which is added in the calculations snow load depending on the climatic zone.

As a rule, more massive bars are not used to strengthen the rafter legs, they optimal size is 75*150mm. The strength of the structure is increased by reducing the pitch of the rafters, which is chosen in the range from 60 to 90 cm.

The crate for ceramic tiles is made of square bars with a side size of 50mm or rectangular - 40 * 60mm. Lumber is laid along the cornices, the width of which is 15-20 mm greater than that of ordinary elements.

The number of horizontally laid battens should correspond to the number of rows of tiles plus an additional cornice row.

The marking of the location of the bars is carried out using a coated cord and templates that match the useful height of the tile. If it is necessary to join horizontal rails, their connections are placed on rafter legs.

Fasteners

in places subject to increased wind load;
the whole row along the eaves;
on the gables and along the ridge;
on roofs with a slope of more than 50 degrees (through one element).

Based on these requirements, fasteners are calculated.

Installation of ceramic tiles

To ensure the normal operation of a tiled roof, care should be taken in advance to ensure its ventilation. The presence of a waterproofing layer implies the arrangement of two air gaps, one of which should be located between the heat and waterproofing, and the second between the waterproofing membrane and the roofing.

This design contributes to good under-roof ventilation and does not allow moisture to accumulate in wooden elements roofs and insulation.

In the first case, the gap is provided by mounting the crate or installing an additional beam along the ridge. But there is no need for an air gap if it is laid as a waterproofing membrane film. In the second case, the gap appears due to the counter-lattice.

The air flow is through ventilation holes located at the bottom of the slopes. The outflow of air masses is carried out through aerators and special openings located in the ridge structure. With a large area of \u200b\u200bthe roof, it is recommended to organize on the gables ventilation windows, contributing to the rapid ventilation of the under-roof space.

Before laying tiles, they are evenly laid out over the entire surface of the roof in piles of 5-6 pieces. This must be done on all slopes at once, so that the truss structure cannot warp under the weight of heavy tile tiles.

First, lay out the top row of tiles along the ridge and the bottom row along the overhang, without attaching the tiles to the crate. With a successful layout, the cornice row is fixed and the installation of the tiles is continued from the bottom up in the direction from right to left. The material is fixed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Next, the ridge and gable parts are laid.

Mounted on a ridge with an edge edged board so that it does not touch the ridge elements, except for the attachment points. At the intersection of the pediment and the ridge, the tiles are adjusted in place by cutting ceramic parts. It is recommended to cut it on the ground with the help of a grinder.