The rotation of the earth around the sun determines. Significant climate change is coming. Earth's annual rotation

Our planet is in constant motion. Together with the Sun, it moves in space around the center of the Galaxy. And that, in turn, moves in the universe. But highest value for all living things, the rotation of the Earth around the Sun and own axis. Without this movement, the conditions on the planet would be unsuitable for sustaining life.

solar system

Earth as a planet solar system According to scientists, it was formed more than 4.5 billion years ago. During this time, the distance from the sun practically did not change. The speed of the planet and the gravitational pull of the sun balance its orbit. It is not perfectly round, but stable. If the force of attraction of the star were stronger or the speed of the Earth decreased noticeably, then it would fall on the Sun. Otherwise, sooner or later it would fly into space, ceasing to be part of the system.

The distance from the Sun to the Earth makes it possible to maintain optimal temperature on its surface. The atmosphere also plays an important role in this. As the Earth rotates around the Sun, the seasons change. Nature has adapted to such cycles. But if our planet were further away, then the temperature on it would become negative. If it were closer, all the water would evaporate, since the thermometer would exceed the boiling point.

The path of a planet around a star is called an orbit. The trajectory of this flight is not perfectly round. It has an ellipse. The maximum difference is 5 million km. The closest point of the orbit to the Sun is at a distance of 147 km. It's called perihelion. Its land passes in January. In July, the planet is at its maximum distance from the star. The greatest distance is 152 million km. This point is called aphelion.

The rotation of the Earth around its axis and the Sun provides, respectively, a change in daily regimes and annual periods.

For a person, the movement of the planet around the center of the system is imperceptible. This is because the mass of the Earth is enormous. Nevertheless, every second we fly through space about 30 km. It seems unrealistic, but such are the calculations. On average, it is believed that the Earth is located at a distance of about 150 million km from the Sun. It makes one complete revolution around the star in 365 days. The distance traveled in a year is almost a billion kilometers.

The exact distance that our planet travels in a year, moving around the sun, is 942 million km. Together with her, we move in space in an elliptical orbit at a speed of 107,000 km / h. The direction of rotation is from west to east, that is, counterclockwise.

The planet does not complete a complete revolution in exactly 365 days, as is commonly believed. It still takes about six hours. But for the convenience of chronology, this time is taken into account in total for 4 years. As a result, one additional day “runs in”, it is added in February. Such a year is considered a leap year.

The speed of rotation of the Earth around the Sun is not constant. It has deviations from the mean. This is due to the elliptical orbit. The difference between the values ​​is most pronounced at the points of perihelion and aphelion and is 1 km/sec. These changes are imperceptible, since we and all the objects around us move in the same coordinate system.

change of seasons

The rotation of the Earth around the Sun and the tilt of the planet's axis make it possible for the seasons to change. It is less noticeable at the equator. But closer to the poles, the annual cyclicity is more pronounced. The northern and southern hemispheres of the planet are heated by the energy of the Sun unevenly.

Moving around the star, they pass four conditional points of the orbit. At the same time, twice in turn during the semi-annual cycle, they turn out to be further or closer to it (in December and June - the days of the solstices). Accordingly, in a place where the surface of the planet warms up better, there the temperature environment above. The period in such a territory is usually called summer. In the other hemisphere at this time it is noticeably colder - it is winter there.

After three months of such movement, with a frequency of six months, the planetary axis is located in such a way that both hemispheres are in the same conditions for heating. At this time (in March and September - the equinoxes) temperature conditions approximately equal. Then, depending on the hemisphere, autumn and spring come.

earth axis

Our planet is a spinning ball. Its movement is carried out around a conditional axis and occurs according to the principle of a top. Leaning with the base in the plane in the untwisted state, it will maintain balance. When the speed of rotation weakens, the top falls.

The earth has no stop. The forces of attraction of the Sun, the Moon and other objects of the system and the Universe act on the planet. Nevertheless, it maintains a constant position in space. The speed of its rotation, obtained during the formation of the nucleus, is sufficient to maintain relative equilibrium.

The earth's axis passes through the planet's ball is not perpendicular. It is inclined at an angle of 66°33´. The rotation of the Earth on its axis and the Sun makes it possible to change the seasons of the year. The planet would "tumble" in space if it did not have a strict orientation. There would be no question of any constancy of environmental conditions and life processes on its surface.

Axial rotation of the Earth

The rotation of the Earth around the Sun (one revolution) occurs during the year. During the day it alternates between day and night. If you look at the Earth's North Pole from space, you can see how it rotates counterclockwise. It completes a full rotation in about 24 hours. This period is called a day.

The speed of rotation determines the speed of the change of day and night. In one hour, the planet rotates approximately 15 degrees. Rotation speed in different points its surface is different. This is due to the fact that it has a spherical shape. At the equator, the linear speed is 1669 km / h, or 464 m / s. Closer to the poles, this figure decreases. At the thirtieth latitude, the linear speed will already be 1445 km / h (400 m / s).

Due to axial rotation, the planet has a slightly compressed shape from the poles. Also, this movement "forces" moving objects (including air and water flows) to deviate from the original direction (Coriolis force). Another important consequence of this rotation is the ebbs and flows.

the change of night and day

A spherical object with the only light source at a certain moment is only half illuminated. In relation to our planet in one part of it at this moment there will be a day. The unlit part will be hidden from the Sun - there is night. Axial rotation makes it possible to change these periods.

In addition to the light regime, the conditions for heating the surface of the planet with the energy of the luminary change. This cycle is important. The speed of change of light and thermal regimes is carried out relatively quickly. In 24 hours, the surface does not have time to either overheat or cool below the optimum.

The rotation of the Earth around the Sun and its axis with a relatively constant speed is of decisive importance for the animal world. Without the constancy of the orbit, the planet would not have stayed in the zone of optimal heating. Without axial rotation, day and night would last for six months. Neither one nor the other would contribute to the origin and preservation of life.

Uneven rotation

Mankind has become accustomed to the fact that the change of day and night occurs constantly. This served as a kind of standard of time and a symbol of the uniformity of life processes. The period of rotation of the Earth around the Sun to a certain extent is influenced by the ellipse of the orbit and other planets of the system.

Another feature is the change in the length of the day. The axial rotation of the Earth is uneven. There are several main reasons. Seasonal fluctuations associated with the dynamics of the atmosphere and the distribution of precipitation are important. In addition, the tidal wave, directed against the motion of the planet, constantly slows it down. This figure is negligible (for 40 thousand years for 1 second). But over 1 billion years, under the influence of this, the length of the day increased by 7 hours (from 17 to 24).

The consequences of the Earth's rotation around the Sun and its axis are being studied. These studies are of great practical and scientific importance. They are used not only to accurately determine stellar coordinates, but also to identify patterns that can affect human life processes and natural phenomena in hydrometeorology and other fields.

Regardless of the fact that the constant movements of our planet are usually imperceptible, various scientific facts have long proved that the planet Earth moves along its own, strictly defined trajectory, not only around the Sun itself, but also around its own axis. This is what causes the mass natural phenomena observed by people on a daily basis, such as the change in the time of day and night. Even at this moment, reading these lines, you are in constant motion, motion, which is due to the movement of your native planet.

intermittent movement

It is interesting that the speed of the Earth itself is not a constant value, for reasons that scientists, unfortunately, have not been able to explain until that time, however, it is known for certain that each of the centuries the Earth somewhat slows down the speed of its usual rotation by an amount equal to approximately 0, 0024 seconds. It is believed that such an anomaly is directly related to some kind of lunar attraction, which determines the ebb and flow, for which our planet also spends significant share its own energy, which "slows down" its individual rotation. The so-called tidal protrusions, usually moving in the opposite direction of the Earth, cause the emergence of certain friction forces, which, in accordance with the laws of physics, are the main inhibitory factor in such a powerful space system as the Earth.

Of course, there is really no axis, it is an imaginary line that helps to make calculations.

In one hour, it is believed that the Earth makes a revolution of 15 degrees. For how much it turns around the axis completely, it is not difficult to guess: 360 degrees - in one day at 24 hours.

Day at 23 o'clock

It is clear that the Earth turns around its own axis in 24 hours familiar to people - an ordinary Earth day, or rather, in 23 hours, minutes and almost 4 seconds. Movement occurs invariably from the western part to the eastern and nothing else. It is easy to calculate that under such conditions, the speed at the equator will reach about 1670 kilometers per hour, gradually decreasing as it approaches the poles, where it smoothly passes to zero.

It is impossible to detect the rotation performed by the Earth with such a gigantic speed with the naked eye, because all the surrounding objects move along with people. All the planets in the solar system make similar movements. So, for example, Venus has a much lower speed of movement, which is why its day differs from the earth's by more than two hundred and forty-three times.

The fastest planets known today are Jupiter and the planet Saturn, making their complete rotation around the axis in ten and ten and a half hours, respectively.

It should be noted that the rotation of the Earth around its axis is an extremely interesting and unknown fact that requires further close study by scientists around the world.

Since ancient times, people have been interested in why the night is replaced by day, winter in spring, and summer in autumn. Later, when the answers to the first questions were found, scientists began to consider the Earth as an object in more detail, trying to find out how fast the Earth rotates around the Sun and around its axis.

Earth Movement

All celestial bodies are in motion, the Earth is no exception. Moreover, it simultaneously has an axial movement and movement around the Sun.

To visualize the motion of the earth, just look at the top, simultaneously rotating around the axis and quickly moving across the floor. Without this movement, the Earth would not be habitable. So, our planet, without rotation around its axis, would be constantly turned towards the Sun with one of its sides, on which the air temperature would reach +100 degrees, and all the water available in this area would turn into steam. On the other side, the temperature would be constantly below zero and the entire surface of this part would be covered with ice.

Orbit of rotation

Rotation around the Sun follows a certain trajectory - an orbit, which was established due to the attraction of the Sun and the speed of our planet. If the attraction were several times stronger or the speed was much lower, then the Earth would fall into the Sun. What if attraction was gone? or greatly decreased, then the planet, driven by its centrifugal force, flew off tangentially into space. It would be like if an object tied to a rope is rotated overhead, and then abruptly released.

The trajectory of the Earth's motion is elliptical, not perfect circle, and the distance to the star varies throughout the year. In January, the planet approaches the point closest to the luminary - it is called perihelion - and is 147 million km away from the luminary. And in July, the Earth moves away from the sun by 152 million km, approaching a point called aphelion. 150 million km is taken as the average distance.

The earth moves in its orbit from west to east, which corresponds to the "counterclockwise" direction.

It takes the Earth 365 days 5 hours 48 minutes 46 seconds (1 astronomical year) to complete one revolution around the center of the solar system. But for convenience, it is customary to count 365 days for a calendar year, and the remaining time “accumulates” and adds one day to each leap year.

The orbital distance is 942 million km. Based on the calculations, the speed of the Earth is 30 km per second or 107,000 km/h. For people, it remains invisible, since all people and objects move in the same way in the coordinate system. And yet it is very large. For example, the highest speed of a racing car is 300 km/h, which is 365 times slower than the speed of the Earth in its orbit.

However, the value of 30 km/s is not constant due to the fact that the orbit is an ellipse. The speed of our planet fluctuates a bit throughout the journey. The greatest difference is achieved when passing the points of perihelion and aphelion and is 1 km/s. That is, the accepted speed of 30 km/s is the average.

Axial rotation

The earth's axis is a conditional line that can be drawn from the north to the south pole. It passes at an angle of 66 ° 33 relative to the plane of our planet. One revolution occurs in 23 hours 56 minutes and 4 seconds, this time is indicated by a sidereal day.

Main result axial rotation - the change of day and night on the planet. In addition, due to this movement:

• The earth has a shape with oblate poles;
• bodies (river flow, wind) moving in a horizontal plane are somewhat displaced (to the left in the Southern Hemisphere, to the right in the Northern Hemisphere).

The speed of axial movement in different areas is significantly different. The highest at the equator is 465 m / s or 1674 km / h, it is called linear. Such speed, for example, in the capital of Ecuador. In areas north or south of the equator, the rotation speed decreases. For example, in Moscow it is almost 2 times lower. These speeds are called angular., their exponent becomes smaller as they approach the poles. At the poles themselves, the speed is zero, that is, the poles are the only parts of the planet that are without movement relative to the axis.

It is the location of the axis at a certain angle that determines the change of seasons. Being in this position, different regions of the planet receive different amounts of heat at different times. If our planet were located strictly vertically relative to the Sun, then there would be no seasons at all, since those illuminated by the luminary in daytime northern latitudes received as much heat and light as southern latitudes.

Axial rotation is influenced by the following factors:

• seasonal changes (precipitation, atmospheric movement);
• tidal waves against the direction of axial movement.

These factors slow down the planet, as a result of which its speed decreases. The indicator of this decrease is very small, only 1 second in 40,000 years, however, over 1 billion years, the day lengthened from 17 to 24 hours.

The motion of the Earth continues to be studied to this day.. This data helps to make more accurate star maps, as well as to determine the connection of this movement with natural processes on our planet.

Our planet is constantly in motion:

• rotation around its own axis, movement around the Sun;
• rotation together with the Sun around the center of our galaxy;
• motion relative to the center of the Local Group of galaxies and others.

Earth's motion around its own axis

Rotation of the Earth around its axis(Fig. 1). An imaginary line is taken for the earth's axis, around which it rotates. This axis is deviated by 23 ° 27 "from the perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic. The earth's axis intersects with the earth's surface at two points - the poles - North and South. If viewed from North Pole, then the rotation of the Earth occurs counterclockwise or, as is commonly believed, from west to east. The planet makes a complete rotation around its axis in one day.

Rice. 1. Rotation of the Earth around its axis

A day is a unit of time. Separate sidereal and solar days.

sidereal day is the amount of time it takes the earth to rotate on its axis with respect to the stars. They are equal to 23 hours 56 minutes 4 seconds.

solar day is the amount of time it takes for the earth to rotate on its axis with respect to the sun.

The angle of rotation of our planet around its axis is the same at all latitudes. In one hour, each point on the surface of the Earth moves 15° from its original position. However, the speed of movement is inversely proportional to geographical latitude: at the equator it is 464 m/s, and at a latitude of 65° it is only 195 m/s.

The rotation of the Earth around its axis in 1851 was proved by J. Foucault in his experiment. In Paris, in the Pantheon, a pendulum was hung under the dome, and under it a circle with divisions. With each subsequent movement, the pendulum turned out to be on new divisions. This can only happen if the surface of the Earth under the pendulum rotates. The position of the swing plane of the pendulum at the equator does not change, because the plane coincides with the meridian. The axial rotation of the Earth has important geographic implications.

When the Earth rotates, a centrifugal force arises, which plays an important role in shaping the shape of the planet and reduces the force of gravity.

Another of the most important consequences of axial rotation is the formation of a turning force - Coriolis forces. In the 19th century it was first calculated by a French scientist in the field of mechanics G. Coriolis (1792-1843). This is one of the inertial forces introduced to take into account the influence of the rotation of a moving frame of reference on the relative motion of a material point. Its effect can be briefly expressed as follows: every moving body in the Northern Hemisphere deviates to the right, and in the Southern - to the left. At the equator, the Coriolis force is zero (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Action of the Coriolis force

The action of the Coriolis force extends to many phenomena of the geographic envelope. Its deflecting effect is especially noticeable in the direction of movement of air masses. Under the influence of the deflecting force of the Earth's rotation, the winds of temperate latitudes of both hemispheres take a predominantly westerly direction, and in tropical latitudes - east. A similar manifestation of the Coriolis force is found in the direction of movement of ocean waters. The asymmetry of river valleys is also associated with this force (the right bank is usually high in the Northern Hemisphere, in the Southern - the left).

The rotation of the Earth around its axis also leads to the movement of solar illumination over the earth's surface from east to west, i.e., to the change of day and night.

The change of day and night creates a daily rhythm in living and inanimate nature. The daily rhythm is closely related to light and temperature conditions. The daily course of temperature, day and night breezes, etc. are well known. Daily rhythms also occur in wildlife - photosynthesis is possible only during the day, most plants open their flowers at different hours; Some animals are active during the day, others at night. Human life also proceeds in a daily rhythm.

Another consequence of the rotation of the Earth around its axis is the difference in time at different points on our planet.

Since 1884, a zone time account was adopted, that is, the entire surface of the Earth was divided into 24 time zones of 15 ° each. Per standard time take the local time of the middle meridian of each zone. Neighboring time zones differ by one hour. The boundaries of the belts are drawn taking into account political, administrative and economic boundaries.

The zero belt is Greenwich (by the name of the Greenwich Observatory near London), which runs on both sides of the prime meridian. The time of the zero, or initial, meridian is considered World Time.

Meridian 180° accepted as international date measurement line- conditional line on the surface the globe, on both sides of which the hours and minutes coincide, and calendar dates differ by one day.

For smarter use in summer daylight in 1930, our country introduced maternity time, ahead of the zone by one hour. To do this, the hands of the clock were moved forward one hour. In this regard, Moscow, being in the second time zone, lives according to the time of the third time zone.

Since 1981, between April and October, the time has been moved forward one hour. This so-called summer time. It is introduced to save energy. In summer, Moscow is two hours ahead of standard time.

The time zone in which Moscow is located is Moscow.

Movement of the Earth around the Sun

Rotating around its axis, the Earth simultaneously moves around the Sun, going around the circle in 365 days 5 hours 48 minutes 46 seconds. This period is called astronomical year. For convenience, it is considered that there are 365 days in a year, and every four years, when 24 hours out of six hours “accumulate”, there are not 365, but 366 days in a year. This year is called leap year, and one day is added to February.

The path in space along which the Earth moves around the Sun is called orbit(Fig. 4). The Earth's orbit is elliptical, so the distance from the Earth to the Sun is not constant. When the earth is in perihelion(from Greek. peri- near, around and helios- Sun) - the closest point of the orbit to the Sun - on January 3, the distance is 147 million km. It is winter in the Northern Hemisphere at this time. The farthest distance from the Sun in aphelion(from Greek. aro- away from and helios- Sun) - greatest distance from the Sun - July 5. It is equal to 152 million km. At this time, it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere.

Rice. 4. Movement of the Earth around the Sun

The annual movement of the Earth around the Sun is observed by the continuous change in the position of the Sun in the sky - the midday height of the Sun and the position of its sunrise and sunset change, the duration of the bright and dark parts of the day changes.

When moving in orbit, the direction of the earth's axis does not change, it is always directed towards the North Star.

As a result of a change in the distance from the Earth to the Sun, as well as due to the inclination of the Earth's axis to the plane of its movement around the Sun, an uneven distribution of solar radiation during a year. This is how the seasons change, which is typical for all planets that have an inclination of the axis of rotation to the plane of its orbit. (ecliptic) different from 90°. The orbital speed of a planet in the Northern Hemisphere is higher in winter time and less in summer. Therefore, the winter half-year lasts 179, and the summer half-year - 186 days.

As a result of the movement of the Earth around the Sun and the inclination of the earth's axis to the plane of its orbit by 66.5 °, not only the change of seasons is observed on our planet, but also a change in the length of day and night.

The rotation of the Earth around the Sun and the change of seasons on Earth are shown in Fig. 81 (equinoxes and solstices according to the seasons in the Northern Hemisphere).

Only twice a year - on the days of the equinox, the length of day and night on the whole Earth is almost the same.

Equinox- the moment at which the center of the Sun, during its apparent annual movement along the ecliptic, crosses the celestial equator. There are spring and autumn equinoxes.

The inclination of the Earth's axis of rotation around the Sun on the equinoxes of March 20-21 and September 22-23 is neutral with respect to the Sun, and the parts of the planet facing it are uniformly illuminated from pole to pole (Fig. 5). The sun's rays fall vertically at the equator.

The longest day and the most short night observed per day summer solstice.

Rice. 5. Illumination of the Earth by the Sun on the days of the equinox

Solstice- the moment of passage by the center of the Sun of the points of the ecliptic, the most distant from the equator (solstice points). There are summer and winter solstices.

On the day of the summer solstice on June 21-22, the Earth takes a position in which the northern end of its axis is tilted towards the Sun. And the rays fall vertically not on the equator, but on the northern tropic, whose latitude is 23 ° 27 "All day and night, not only the polar regions are illuminated, but also the space beyond them up to latitude 66 ° 33" (Arctic Circle). In the Southern Hemisphere at this time, only that part of it that lies between the equator and the southern Arctic Circle (66 ° 33 ") turns out to be illuminated. Beyond it, on this day, the earth's surface is not illuminated.

In a day winter solstice On December 21-22, everything happens the other way around (Fig. 6). The sun's rays are already falling sheer on the southern tropic. Illuminated in the Southern Hemisphere are areas that lie not only between the equator and the tropic, but also around South Pole. This situation continues until the spring equinox.

Rice. 6. Illumination of the Earth on the day of the winter solstice

At two parallels of the Earth on the days of the solstice, the Sun at noon is directly above the head of the observer, that is, at the zenith. Such parallels are called tropics. On the Tropic of the North (23° N), the Sun is at its zenith on June 22, on the Tropic of the South (23° S) on December 22.

At the equator, day is always equal to night. The angle of incidence of the sun's rays on the earth's surface and the length of the day there change little, so the change of seasons is not expressed.

arctic circles remarkable in that they are the boundaries of areas where there are polar days and nights.

polar day- the period when the sun does not fall below the horizon. The farther from the Arctic Circle near the pole, the longer the polar day. At the latitude of the Arctic Circle (66.5°) it lasts only one day, and at the Pole it lasts 189 days. In the Northern Hemisphere at the latitude of the Arctic Circle, the polar day is observed on June 22 - the day of the summer solstice, and in the Southern Hemisphere at the latitude of the Southern Arctic Circle - on December 22.

polar night lasts from one day at the latitude of the Arctic Circle to 176 days at the poles. During the polar night, the Sun does not appear above the horizon. In the Northern Hemisphere, at the latitude of the Arctic Circle, this phenomenon is observed on December 22.

It is impossible not to note this miraculous phenomenon nature, like white nights. White Nights- these are bright nights at the beginning of summer, when the evening dawn converges with the morning dawn and twilight lasts all night. They are observed in both hemispheres at latitudes exceeding 60°, when the center of the Sun at midnight falls below the horizon by no more than 7°. In St. Petersburg (about 60°N) white nights last from June 11 to July 2, in Arkhangelsk (64°N) from May 13 to July 30.

The seasonal rhythm in connection with the annual movement primarily affects the illumination of the earth's surface. Depending on the change in the height of the Sun above the horizon on Earth, there are five lighting belts. The hot belt lies between the Northern and Southern tropics (the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn), occupies 40% of the earth's surface and differs the largest number heat coming from the sun. Between the tropics and the Arctic Circles in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres there are moderate zones of illumination. The seasons of the year are already expressed here: the farther from the tropics, the shorter and cooler the summer, the longer and colder the winter. The polar belts in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres are limited by the Arctic Circles. Here, the height of the Sun above the horizon during the year is low, so the amount of solar heat is minimal. The polar zones are characterized by polar days and nights.

Depending on the annual movement The Earth around the Sun is not only the change of seasons and the associated uneven illumination of the earth's surface across latitudes, but also a significant part of the processes in the geographical shell: seasonal weather changes, the regime of rivers and lakes, the rhythm in the life of plants and animals, the types and timing of agricultural work .

Calendar.Calendar- a system for calculating long periods of time. This system is based on periodic natural phenomena associated with the movement of celestial bodies. The calendar uses astronomical phenomena - the change of seasons, day and night, the change in the lunar phases. The first calendar was Egyptian, created in the 4th century. BC e. On January 1, 45, Julius Caesar introduced the Julian calendar, which is still used by Russian Orthodox Church. Due to the fact that the duration of the Julian year is longer than the astronomical one by 11 minutes 14 seconds, by the 16th century. an “error” of 10 days accumulated - the day of the vernal equinox did not come on March 21, but on March 11. This mistake was corrected in 1582 by a decree of Pope Gregory XIII. The count of days was moved forward by 10 days, and the day after October 4 was prescribed to be considered Friday, but not October 5, but October 15. The spring equinox was again returned to March 21, and the calendar became known as the Gregorian. It was introduced in Russia in 1918. However, it also has a number of drawbacks: unequal duration of months (28, 29, 30, 31 days), inequality of quarters (90, 91, 92 days), inconsistency of numbers of months by days of the week.

Since time immemorial, mankind has been interested in the processes that take place in the Universe. Why does the sun rise every morning? What is the Moon? How many stars are in the sky? Does the Earth rotate, and at what speed?
What is the speed of the earth?
People have long observed the change of day to night and the annual sequence of the seasons. What does this mean? Later it was proved that such changes are due to the rotation of our planet around its axis. However, humanity did not come to this knowledge immediately. It took many years to prove the obvious this moment data.
For a long time, people could not realize this phenomenon, because, in their opinion, a person is in the camp of calmness, and it is not visible that any movement passes through him. However, such a statement is not correct. All objects around you (table, computer, window, etc.) are in motion. How can it move? This is due to the rotation of the Earth around its axis. In addition, our planet moves not only around the axis, but also around the celestial body. Moreover, its trajectory is not a circle, but resembles an ellipse.
To demonstrate the features of the movement of a celestial body, they often turn to the Yule. Its movements are very similar to the rotation of the Earth.
Later scientific methods It has been proven that our planet is moving. Thus, the Earth makes one rotation around its axis in a day - twenty-four hours. It is with this that the change of time of day, day to night, is connected.
The mass of the Sun is much greater than the mass of the Earth. The distance between these celestial bodies reaches one hundred and fifty million kilometers. Studies have shown that the speed of rotation of the Earth reaches thirty kilometers per second. A full turnover is completed in one year. In addition, in four years one more day is added, which is why we have leap year.
But humanity did not come to such results immediately. So, even G. Galileo opposed the theory that spoke of the rotation of the planet. He demonstrated this assertion in the following way. The scientist threw a stone from the top of the tower, and it fell at the foot of the building. Galileo noted that the rotation of the Earth would shift the place where the stone fell, but modern research completely deny these allegations.
Based on the foregoing, it follows that humanity has come a long way to understanding that the Earth is in constant motion around the Sun. First, the planet rotates on its axis. Also, our celestial body moves around the luminary that provides us with heat. This is what causes the change of time of day and seasons.