Bath with a separate steam room ventilation scheme. Natural ventilation in the bath: the principles of arrangement and layout of ventilation openings. The way "from the grandfather"

Bath procedures are not only one of the good ways to maintain hygiene, but also an opportunity to remove accumulated harmful substances and toxins from the body. However, in order for the visit to be comfortable and beneficial, a good one is needed to exclude the possibility of the formation of fungi and mold due to high humidity. Ventilation in the bath, equipped by specialists or with your own hands, will ensure the flow of fresh air into the room and remove exhaust gases and fumes resulting from the operation of the heater and the use of hot water.

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Do you really need ventilation in the bath or can you do without it?

The functions of bath ventilation are complicated by the fact that it should contribute to a fairly rapid removal of moist air from the premises and qualitatively regulate the temperature in the steam room. It is especially important to have a good exhaust system for baths equipped with gas and solid fuels - to maintain the combustion process in such structures, an influx of an impressive amount of air is required. Lack of ventilation will lead to excessive concentration of carbon dioxide, which adversely affects the health of people and which can lead to loss of consciousness.

Inexperienced craftsmen try to carefully isolate the premises, sealing up the slightest gaps to increase the speed of heating the steam room and keep the heat longer. However, this is the wrong approach, since ventilation holes must be mandatory. Properly arranged allows you to:

create a healthy microclimate in the bath;
reduce the concentration of humidity and quickly drain the premises;
get rid of carbon dioxide;
quickly warm up the steam room and other bath rooms;
eliminate stagnant and unpleasant odors;
get rid of pathogenic fungi and mold;
keep the interior decoration in its original form.

From the foregoing, it becomes clear how important the device is in the exhaust system bath. Before you make ventilation in the bath, you must first learn about its varieties and basic installation schemes.

Effective ventilation in the bath - scheme and device

Before you further deal with the exhaust system and proceed with its arrangement, you should know that ventilation can be natural and forced. There are also differences in ventilation systems and their schemes depending on the location. Well, now about everything in order.

natural ventilation

This option is optimal for most baths, as it is the cheapest and quite effective. The location of the ventilation openings must be determined based on the size of the room, the location of the heater and shelves, as well as the material from which the sauna is built. Whatever the ventilation schemes in the baths, there is one general rule - the inlet should be located at a height of 20-30 cm from the floor level, and the exhaust at the same distance, but from the ceiling.

The dimensions of the vents should be approximately 300-400 mm 2. If the air exchange is too fast, which will cause a decrease in the temperature in the steam room, the ventilation openings must be covered with special control dampers. To improve the appearance, it is desirable to mount decorative grilles on the vents, which can be easily bought in specialized stores or made by hand.

However, this type of ventilation is not suitable for a steam room. All ventilation openings (inlet and outlet) must be at the same level from the floor. Thus, the incoming air streams are heated from the furnace and rise up, while the cooled air flows down and enter the exhaust vents. To keep the heat in the room, the openings can be closed with special dampers.

Forced ventilation

Mechanical movement of air is carried out by installing special devices on the ventilation openings (). This will allow you to quickly update the air, which is very important, especially in the washing room. This ventilation option is well suited in cases where it is installed in the bath. The forced exhaust scheme in the bath has a number of advantages over the natural one:

it is possible to filter incoming air masses;
maintaining a given microclimate;
even distribution of heated air.

For large volumes of fresh air to enter the steam room, it is necessary that the ventilation openings are located diametrically to each other. During installation, it is not necessary to place the inlet and exhaust vents at the same level in order to exclude the closure of air flows, which will cause a concentration of cooled air below, and on the contrary, it will be very hot at the top.

Important! Since high humidity and high temperature are the main enemies of any electrical equipment, the fan case must have reliable moisture protection, and the connection must be made in full accordance with the PUE.

The advantage of forced-type ventilation is accelerated air exchange and advanced adjustment options. Such an exhaust system is equally effective regardless of the strength and direction of the wind, as well as weather conditions.

The device in the baths of floor ventilation

The floors in the bath rooms are operated in extreme conditions. The impact of moisture on the floor is carried out both from below from the side of the soil, and from above. The most difficult conditions are created in the steam room, where hot steam comes into contact with the wooden flooring, cooling and condensing. The resulting condensate penetrates into and creates a favorable environment for the development of fungus and mold.

An effective floor ventilation scheme helps prevent the damaging effects of mold and remove excess steam. Floor ventilation can be natural or forced. However, for efficiency when installing a ventilation system, the following conditions must be observed:

prevent floor cooling during the adoption of procedures;
ensure fast and efficient drying, but it is important not to overdo it in order to prevent cracking of the wood;
the arrangement of the ventilation system is required to be carried out at the construction stage.

When arranging ventilation vents, it is necessary to take into account the climate, wind conditions, landscape, sources of pollution, as well as internal factors - the type and location of the heater, the design of doorways, the presence of vents. Most often, vents for ventilation are located at 3 different levels:

under the floor covering or in;
under the heating structure or at the level of its foundation;
in the wall at a distance of 350-450 mm. from the floor level (best done behind the heater).

The device in the ventilation baths under the floors has a number of advantages. In addition to eliminating condensate and improving the quality of drying the floor covering, the air flow from below does not form drafts and, therefore, ventilation can also be used in the process of taking bath procedures. For greater efficiency, it is important to correctly create a drain system to remove drains outside the building.

Creating air exchange in the foundation of the bath

The creation of an exhaust system in the bath is extremely necessary, as it not only helps to prevent the formation of mold, but also to protect the building from rot. The characteristics of the ventilation system are calculated at the design stage. The type and location of bath ventilation largely depends on the prevailing winds, topography and the presence of water bodies, which often cause buildings to flood.

It is possible to ensure normal air circulation by arranging several holes, the number and size of which are calculated in accordance with the size of the bath. The diameter of the vents must be at least 110 mm. Ventilation openings are usually made opposite each other. In the event that the building is located in a lowland, densely surrounded by other buildings, or there are natural barriers to the free movement of air flows, then vents must be arranged on all sides of the foundation, since this is the only way to achieve high-quality ventilation.

The ventilation system in the baths in the steam rooms

Traditionally, a stove-heater is installed in the steam room, which forms the basis. The air from the steam room passes through the blower, which ensures its good circulation. To obtain the maximum outflow of air masses, the stove should be installed below the level of the finished floor, and to start the ventilation process of the room, it is enough to slightly open the window or the front door. The disadvantage of such a ventilation scheme in the steam rooms of the baths is that when there is no combustion process, the air circulation stops.

In addition to the heater, ventilation in the steam room is provided by additional openings with special dampers to regulate air exchange. After each bath procedure, you should open it for a while, otherwise the air in the room will be heavy and humid, and there is also a risk of carbon monoxide poisoning.

When the furnace is being heated and the room is being heated, the ventilation in the steam room must be closed. After the steam room is fully warmed up, the exhaust dampers can be opened. To exclude the formation of reverse thrust, it is necessary at the stage to make sure that the exhaust openings are larger in area than the supply openings.

In the event that the stove is not installed in the steam room itself, then a different ventilation scheme is used in steam Russian baths. Near at a height of 300 mm. an inlet is made from the floor level, and an exhaust opening is arranged on the opposite wall from it at a distance of 300 mm. from the ceiling. Sometimes an inlet is made at the bottom of the wall behind the stove so that the air coming from the street is heated from the heater and the room cools moderately. On the wall opposite from the heating device, 2 holes are made that will form a single exhaust duct. The first opening is located at a height of 1,000 mm. from the floor level, and the other under the ceiling. With this ventilation scheme, the steam room warms up faster and, accordingly, fuel is saved.

Air exchange device in the washing

In the washing room, as well as in the steam room, there is high humidity, which contributes to the appearance of mold and fungi. To avoid this, it is necessary to create an effective ventilation system in washing baths. In the washing room, a large amount of moisture accumulates under the floor, so to remove it, it will be enough to lay an asbestos pipe, one end of which is under the floor covering, and the other is led out to the roof and equipped with a deflector.

Efficient controlled ventilation in bathhouse sinks will ensure dryness, moderate temperature, fresh air supply, carbon monoxide removal and fuel economy in the premises.

Scheme of ventilation in the dressing rooms

The proximity of the dressing room to the steam room leads to the fact that condensate settles on the wooden surfaces of the sheathing. To preserve the cladding and prevent decay processes, the room must be well insulated and drafts excluded. The simplest ventilation scheme for a dressing room is to remove moist air through a washing or. It is best to organize a forced-type ventilation system for this room.

How to properly ventilate the bath

Having more or less dealt with the ventilation system in the bath, you must also take into account other important points. The exhaust device must not:

cause a violation of the temperature regime in the premises;
allow cold air to rise to the ceiling;
remove fresh air from the room.

The principles by which proper ventilation of the premises is created in the bathhouse depend on the architectural features of the structure of the building. In the event that special slots are provided in the floors for water drainage, then fresh air can flow through them and there is no need to make additional exhaust openings.

Often they make small windows, which, when opened, act as a hood. In addition, if the furnace of the heater is located directly in the steam room, then ventilation is even easier - just open the combustion chamber and adjust the air exchange by changing the position of the damper. These are the simplest, but most effective and low-cost options for installing a ventilation system.

Features of air exchange in frame baths

If in or air circulation is carried out through rows of lower rims, then in frame-type buildings sheathed with a large amount of heat-insulating material, there is no natural ventilation and for this reason it is necessary to provide for the creation of special openings with dampers.

The most efficient system for a bath is supply and exhaust ventilation. To organize high-quality air exchange, it is necessary to create two channels. One of them is located near the floor and serves to bring fresh air into the room (if necessary, you can install a fan), and the second is arranged at a short distance from the ceiling and is necessary to remove hot and humid air masses and carbon monoxide. Ventilation openings in frame baths should be equipped with special control dampers.

When creating a ventilation system, it is necessary to take into account the area and shape of the steam room, as well as the location of the heater.

Chopped bath ventilation

In the Russian bath, where steam was traditionally prepared by hand, forced air circulation schemes are not suitable. In order for natural ventilation in wooden baths to contribute to healing, the following schemes should be followed when creating it:

ensure the possibility of ventilation (creation of windows, door and ventilation openings);
the upper borders of doors and windows should be at the same level;
for steam rooms of a small size, simple ventilation is sufficient;
a heater with a chimney is a natural exhaust of exhaust air and gases;
for normal air exchange, it is possible to equip a ventilation supply opening with a damper and an exhaust opening under the ceiling next to the heater.

The device of good ventilation in a log cabin is a very important point, since it is necessary to exclude the accumulation of excessive moisture, which negatively affects the wooden structure and can cause the development of pathogenic fungi and mold.

Ventilation system in a brick building

You should think about the arrangement of ventilation in brick baths even at the construction stage. Since a brick building does not provide for natural air circulation, the number and location of openings should be taken into account in advance.

The air exchange system in a natural way is identical to that in a Russian bath - the inlet is located next to the stove, and the exhaust is under the ceiling. However, if the bath is designed for a large number of people, then you should think about creating a forced ventilation system.

The fan must be installed at the inlet of the exhaust duct leading to. To speed up air circulation, several exhaust pipes are mounted, but it may be necessary to install supply valves so that the air masses are not discharged due to the difference in the volumes of supply and exhaust air. An overly powerful fan can lead to the same problem, and a device that does not match the area of \u200b\u200bthe room in terms of power will not be able to perform its functions normally and the air exchange in the steam room will be rather weak.

Ventilation Bastu

Recently, new and more efficient solutions have been found to create ventilation systems. Such innovations include the ventilation scheme in the Bastu bath. Among Russians, this system is very popular because of the ease of installation and high efficiency.

The principle of ventilation according to Bast is as follows. The red-hot heater acts as a heat pump and draws air from the supply duct. Cold streams, passing through, heat up very quickly and rise to the ceiling. Naturally, they push an equal volume of near-floor air through the exhaust duct. In the Bastu ventilation system, the supply and exhaust openings are located at the bottom.

For the device of such ventilation, two stainless pipes are required - the lower one is installed diagonally from the heater at a height of 200 mm. from the floor, and the top above the stove. Both outlets must be equipped with damper grilles. However, like all natural-type ventilation systems, Bastu can only work when the stove is running or when there is strong wind outside.

The main advantage of the Bastu ventilation installed in Russian baths is the ease of installation, which you can do yourself, thereby saving your money.

Competent ventilation device in the bath

Normal ventilation can be only if the conditions for the inflow of fresh air and the removal of exhaust air are created in the room. Despite the common concepts - ventilation is not entirely true, since it is always supply and exhaust. The principles of operation of ventilation for any premises are almost the same - fresh air enters through the supply opening and is removed through the exhaust.

When calculating ventilation systems, it is necessary to take into account the volume and purpose of the premises, the presence or likelihood of the formation of carbon monoxide or other chemical compounds harmful to health. Regulatory acts establish the frequency of air exchange within an hour, which can fluctuate 1-10 times or more. Next, the parameters and location of future air ducts are determined, taking into account the climatic zones and weather conditions characteristic of the area. In the event that natural-type ventilation is not able to provide the necessary air exchange rate, then forced-type systems are used.

Where to place a window in the bath?

Windows in the bath are not only a source of light, but also a way to ventilate it. There is an erroneous opinion that the window in the steam room adversely affects the safety of steam in the room and the temperature. However, experienced attendants are advised to make even two windows in the steam room. One window is located above the shelves, and if the steam turned out to be too hot or someone felt unwell, then just open the window and everything will be in order. The second window is placed under the shelves, which allows you to quickly dry the sunbeds. It is made small and opaque.

Important! According to safety regulations, sauna windows should open inward.

It is also worth installing a window in the washing room. It will not only help to ventilate the room, but also to urgently evacuate in case of fire. The dimensions of the window should be such that a medium-sized adult can climb through it. Some bath owners are interested in the question: is it possible to install? If in the washing room, then yes. However, in a steam room, where the temperature reaches one hundred and above, the material from which the windows are made will begin to release toxic substances and warp. For windows in the steam room, it is best to use wood that is not resinous. You can easily install a window in a bath with your own hands, since the technology is no different from installing it in a residential building.

A grate made of wood or heat-resistant plastic and a metal mesh will prevent insects and pets from entering the premises. A corrugated hose or a galvanized pipe is usually used as an air duct. Experts do not recommend installing plastic pipes in a steam room, since they are not designed for operation at high temperatures.
It is advisable to install the fan only on one, for example, on the supply air. Fans used for baths must be made of heat-resistant materials and have good sealing.
A video on how to make a fan with your own hands will more clearly show the process (a bladeless version is presented):
ventilation valves
The ventilation valve for the bath is mounted in the supply and exhaust ducts. There are two types of this device - KIV (air infiltration valve) and KPV (forced ventilation valve). Outwardly, they practically do not differ from each other, and the principle of their work is the same. The outer part of the damper is equipped with inclined shutters to prevent water from entering from the outside, and the inner part is equipped with a head and membranes for sound and heat insulation.

When installing valves, you should follow a few recommendations:
for bath ventilation it is necessary to install dampers made of heat-resistant materials;
installation must be carried out on the bearing walls of the bath;
it is not advisable to mount the valves on the walls facing the or trash can.

Article

Ventilation in the bath is essential. First of all, ventilation is designed to ensure the safety of people who take bath procedures.

Everyone knows that when you breathe, you inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. In a tightly closed room, he will begin to suffocate after a while. And in the steam room, where the temperature is high and the concentration of water vapor, this will begin to happen even faster.

Relaxing on a shelf, there is no time to get to the saving one. The price of the wrong ventilation device can be too high.

The second important factor is the decay of the tree. Enjoying bath procedures and benefiting from them, smelling rot and mold, is very problematic. Therefore, proper ventilation in a Russian bath is a guarantee not only of its benefits, but also of the health of vacationers.

In the photo - rotting wood with insufficient drying of the tree

Experts believe that such a ventilation device in the bath can be considered correct, in which the air in the room is replaced three times in one hour. The ventilation scheme in the bath is selected depending on the type of structure and materials used in the construction of the walls.

General principles of ventilation in the bath

The correct arrangement of the bath and ventilation in it, regardless of the type of structure, is based on the following basic principles:

Fresh air that enters the steam room should not violate its temperature regime;
The already exhausted air, which contains the most carbon dioxide, should be removed from the room;
The location of the air in the steam room should be layered: the hottest - under the ceiling, on the bench - the most comfortable and cold - near the floor.

Note!
There should be no draft in the steam room!

If all these principles are followed, then bath procedures will bring the maximum effect for which they are calculated - the restoration of mental and physical strength.

Ventilation device in a free-standing wooden bath

Wood is considered an ideal building material for a bath. Wooden walls "breathe", so the issue of air exchange is partially solved in a natural way.

However, even in a wooden building in a steam room, ventilation is necessary. At least for quick drying of the tree after taking bath procedures.

An important role in the air exchange processes is played by the operation of the sauna stove. When water is poured on, a column of hot steam is created, which rises up. As it cools, it lowers, pushing the used air out of the steam room.

Together, the above factors allow you to create the necessary humidity and temperature in the steam room, and ensure normal air circulation.

Let us consider in more detail the ventilation device in wooden baths. The main tasks for us, of course, will be to ensure the inflow of fresh air and the removal of already exhausted air. Our instructions will help you cope with these tasks.

Ensuring air flow

The correct frame is laid in such a way that the lower crowns are free. With this installation, it is possible to access fresh air from the street.

In addition, in any case, there will be gaps around the steam room door that are sufficient for it to enter. The stove in such baths is placed closer to the door so that it immediately heats up.

If the steam room is designed for 6 or more people, a separate air duct is brought to the heater, which supports the combustion process. If you make this duct double, then the problem of fresh air supply is solved once and for all.

Exhaust air removal

If the heater is heated directly from the steam room, then the exhaust air is ejected through the furnace into. If the oven is properly installed, no additional holes are required.

In order to dry the room after the end of the bath procedures, a small hole can be cut in the wall (up to 200x200 mm). At the time of heating and work of the steam room, it is closed with a special plug.

If there is a window in the steam room, such a hole is not needed. Sometimes a window from the steam room is cut through into the washing room, and either a through hole to the street or another window is already made in the washing room. Thus, when drying, two birds with one stone are immediately killed, both the steam room and the washing room are dried.

Thus, the myth that ventilation is not needed for a wooden bath is confirmed when the following conditions are met:

The steam room is calculated for 2-4 people;
The lower crowns of the log house are laid freely;
The stove-heater is heated directly from the steam room;
There is a hole or window in the wall for ventilation.

Actually, such family baths are usually built on personal plots.

Ventilation device in a free-standing brick bath

A brick structure, as well as a structure made of foam concrete, expanded clay blocks and other capital structures, is another matter. Ventilation in a brick bath is more complex.

The first difference is that the floors in a brick building must be ventilated. The thing is that the floors in the bath are constantly in contact with water, and if they are deaf, then you will have to change the boards about once every three to four years. You can not even talk about unpleasant odors and mold.

The ventilation of the floor in the bath is laid even at the stage of foundation construction. To do this, special holes are made in the foundation on opposite sides. These holes will provide through air circulation under the floor and dry the log.

The second difference is the obligatory presence in the steam room of special supply and exhaust openings. There may be several. Two air inlets are made at floor level and covered with bars so that rodents do not penetrate.

There are 4 most popular schemes for the ventilation device in the bath, from which you can choose the most suitable for you.

Scheme No. 1. The air inlet is located behind the stove at a distance of 50 cm from the floor. An exhaust hole is cut in the opposite wall no higher than 30 cm from the floor. A bath fan is installed on it, which will circulate air.

According to this scheme, the air in the steam room is heated evenly, the incoming air is heated from the stove and rises. Cooling, it goes down and exits through the outlet. The lower it is located, the stronger the air flow will be. When using a fan, a ventilation valve can be installed on the outlet.

Scheme No. 2. Suitable for those baths where the stove is heated from the steam room. In this case, the inflow is done directly under the stove. The flow of fresh air is sucked in by the stove, supporting combustion, and provides an inflow directly into the room.

The exhaust hole is located above the floor and a corrugated pipe is connected to it, which rises up to the level of the roof and goes outside. In other cases, the ventilation duct is made in the wall.

Note!
If the walls of the bath are made of expanded clay concrete blocks, then it is best to lay the ventilation ducts during construction.

Scheme No. 3. According to this scheme, ventilation for the bath is arranged through cracks in the floor. In this case, the supply hole is made in the wall near the stove at a height of 30-50 cm from the floor. The air, heated up, rises and exits through the cracks between the floorboards into the basement. From the basement space, it is thrown out with the help of a special pipe.

Note! For the normal functioning of this type of ventilation, it is necessary to leave gaps between the floorboards of 5-10 mm.

Scheme No. 4. This scheme is suitable in cases where the stove also heats other rooms.

Fresh air is sucked in by the stove through holes in the floor and, passing through the firebox, goes into the steam room and into the washing room. It is removed from the premises through the holes located below, above the floor level.

There are also combined ventilation schemes, but for their do-it-yourself device, consultation with a specialist is necessary.

To clearly understand how ventilation is arranged in the bath, the video in this article will help you.

Proper organization of air exchange in the bathhouse is a serious task that requires a professional approach. It is not enough to build a bathhouse, finish the interior, install heating equipment and furniture. It is important to ensure effective ventilation of the bath rooms, to create a favorable microclimate that allows you to enjoy water procedures and contributes to a long service life of the finish, as well as the entire building.

Ventilation in the bath - the key to comfort

Rest in the bath will be a pleasure if the room is easy and comfortable to breathe.

In the steam room, the air temperature is very high, so if there is no ventilation in it, you can suffocate or get heat stroke

If there is a violation of the correct air exchange or in the absence of ventilation in the steam room, it will be difficult to breathe and it will be impossible to stay for a long time.

To create a comfortable microclimate allows the ventilation system, which ensures the supply of oxygen-saturated air and the removal of "exhausted" air masses.

The traditional layout of the bath complex provides for a dressing room, a washing department, as well as a relaxation room, and it is important to ensure effective air circulation everywhere.

Favorable microclimate in the relaxation room will allow you to relax after visiting the steam room

An increased concentration of moisture does not give pleasure both in the process of water procedures and during rest. The human body is sensitive to lack of oxygen and high humidity.

The conclusion is unambiguous: in the bath you need to make good ventilation, so that it is pleasant and comfortable not only to bathe in it, but also to relax.

Violation of air circulation or lack of ventilation causes:

Types and principles of ventilation arrangement

For any type of bath (Russian, Finnish sauna, Turkish hammam) ventilation is provided, which can be carried out in different ways.

Natural air exchange

The principle of formation of convection air flows is based on the difference in temperature and air pressure from the street side and inside the bathhouse.

Temperature difference contributes to the movement of air currents

Maximum air exchange efficiency is achieved due to the correct location of the supply and exhaust ventilation lines.

For ventilation of the premises of the Russian bath and sauna, the traditional arrangement of air channels is used. The supply air duct is placed at a distance of 0.2–0.3 meters from the floor, and the exhaust duct is located at the same distance from the ceiling. Adjustment dampers should be provided in the room to optimize air flow and ensure a comfortable temperature regime.

The damper allows you to control the flow of air into the room

Natural ventilation should provide air exchange, maintaining the temperature of the room and not creating discomfort during the rest. The advantages of natural air exchange are simplicity and low costs associated with the absence of the need to purchase expensive equipment.

Combined variant

The method of organizing the movement of air masses in a room using a fan that provides circulation is called combined. At the same time, there is no regularity in the location of the ventilation ducts.

The ventilation scheme is determined individually and provides for the installation of an outlet and a channel equipped with a fan, which is mounted on the supply line or exhaust duct and creates the necessary pressure drop.

Ensuring air exchange in the bath rooms by a combined method is convenient and economically justified.

forced circulation

Forced air exchange system is also called mechanical. The system is equipped with automation elements that control the temperature regime, adjust the humidity and the intensity of the circulation of air masses.

Forced air exchange provides the maximum level of comfort.

The increased costs associated with the purchase and installation of equipment, as well as the complexity of maintenance, limit the use of a mechanical air exchange system in small bath rooms.

For rooms with an increased area, forced circulation is used if natural or combined air exchange is not effective.

If the bath rooms are large, forced ventilation must be arranged in them.

The following types of mechanical ventilation are used:

Exhaust, equipped with a filter element and a fan. This type of ventilation provides effective removal of unpleasant odors and polluted air masses from rooms with swimming pools, washing departments and recreation areas. The use of an exhaust system requires the supply of fresh air, which is necessary to compensate for the vacuum created by the fan.
Supply, providing the flow of air rich in oxygen. Due to the increased pressure, air masses saturated with vapors leave the room through the ventilation ducts, as well as through the gaps in the doors and windows. Combining the supply line with a heating device allows you to supply fresh heated air. The design of the supply air exchange is more complex.
Supply and exhaust, combining the principle of operation of supply and exhaust ventilation. The use of this principle of ventilation in the sauna room requires preliminary calculations. The intensity of circulation is determined based on the fact that the volume of incoming air must correspond to the volume of displaced. In order to prevent the penetration of air from the bathroom into the recreation area, the ratio is deliberately violated. This allows you to create a reduced pressure in the toilet room and direct additional flows into it.

Principles of organizing air exchange

When planning a ventilation device, be guided by the following recommendations:

It is important to correctly calculate the area of \u200b\u200bventilation lines. The cross section of the vent and air duct is determined by the size of the steam room, for each cubic meter of volume of which it is necessary to provide 24 cm 2 of the ventilation duct area.

For a comfortable stay in a heated steam room, provide the possibility of more than five air exchanges (the air in the steam room should be updated 5 times per hour). The layout of the supply duct and exhaust duct, as well as their number, should facilitate easy circulation of masses in the steam room.

Efficient air exchange will increase the service life of wooden floors. To ensure it is necessary:

The correct ventilation device will allow you to fully enjoy the steam room and get great pleasure from the bath rest.

Video: ventilation in the bath

How to make ventilation in the bath with your own hands

The organization of air circulation in each room has individual features.

Waiting room ventilation

The vestibule or dressing room is used as a dressing room. The department is located away from areas with high humidity and temperature.

In a ventilated changing room, it will always be dry and comfortable

The use of the front door contributes to the flow of fresh air and reliable ventilation of the locker room.

The location of a ventilation grill with a valve in the upper part of the wall will ensure natural air exchange and control the volume of incoming air masses.

During the construction of the building, it is necessary to provide a ventilation hole. If there is no air channel, then it must be done independently:

Air exchange in the sink

The washing compartment, in which the shower is installed, is ventilated due to the natural circulation of air flows moving from rooms with high humidity to ventilation vents or small windows.

The easiest way to ventilate the washing room is with the help of a window.

To increase ventilation efficiency and reduce humidity, it is advisable to equip the shower room with an exhaust fan.

Install the fan according to the following algorithm:

To ventilate the washing room, use fans with an operating voltage of 220 volts and a low power of 20–100 watts.

When purchasing a fan, pay attention to the ability of the device to operate at elevated temperatures and humidity, as well as the degree of protection, which should not be lower than IP44.

Organization of air circulation in the steam room

To ventilate the steam room, make 2-3 channels designed for air exchange. One line will provide fresh air, and the rest will allow the exhaust air masses to leave the room without hindrance.

The increased size of the exhaust duct allows you to quickly ventilate the steam room

Arrange the channels according to one of the proposed ventilation schemes.

The intensity of air exchange depends on the location and size ratio of the supply and exhaust ducts

Making holes at the construction stage will preserve the integrity of the finishing materials and facilitate work.

The area of the incoming line must correspond to the size of the outlet channel. However, a more efficient convection flow can be achieved by slightly increasing the diameter of the exhaust line.

A prerequisite is the installation of adjustable valves that allow you to change the intensity of air exchange.

In a wooden bath, it is better to make a valve from the same wood that was used for interior decoration.

The implementation of measures for the arrangement of channels is not difficult:

Video: ventilation in the steam room

Creating a microclimate in the rest room

Comfortable temperature conditions and optimal air circulation in the relaxation room are achieved through natural air exchange.

An air duct at the top of the wall provides sufficient fresh air

It is important to provide an air duct equipped with an adjustable damper or ventilation valve. This will, if necessary, increase the intensity of the movement of air masses.

To organize access to fresh air, instead of a ventilation duct, you can use a window

Drilling a hole and installing the valve is not difficult.

Video: making a vent valve

Variants and layouts of ventilation ducts

In the bath, you can use different options for the location of ventilation communications, providing for natural air circulation and the use of a fan.

Various options for the ventilation device differ in the location of the channels, but provide high air exchange efficiency

One of the proposed schemes of natural air exchange, which provides for the following options for placing ventilation lines, will ensure comfortable acceptance of bathing procedures:

To achieve a favorable temperature regime and comfortable humidity, air exchange schemes provide for the installation of a fan:

Remember that the performance of the fan installation is determined by multiplying the volume of the steam room by the air exchange coefficient.

For example, to determine the required air exchange in a steam room with an area of 10 m 2, having a height of 2 meters, it is necessary to multiply the volume by the air exchange coefficient equal to 5 (we already said above that in the steam room the air should be completely updated 5 times per hour). The resulting fan performance value is 10 x 2x 5 = 100 m 3 / h.

Heated air ventilation

Ensuring air exchange with simultaneous heating of the incoming air is carried out in the bath in various ways. They involve the use of a fan or natural air exchange. For example, by placing certain air channels in the immediate vicinity of a hot furnace, it is possible to simultaneously supply oxygen-saturated air and increase its temperature due to the heated surface of the heating unit.

In order to create a favorable temperature regime, comfortable humidity and smooth heating of the incoming air masses, it is necessary to use plugs or slide valves located on the air lines. To carry out ventilation, while heating the air at the same time, is a rather difficult task.

Each heating unit has its own individual "character". Only as a result of experiments, it is possible to choose the optimal mode of air exchange and ensure a comfortable temperature in the bathhouse.

To increase the temperature of the incoming air masses, you can use an electric heater that heats the air entering the room. This is another option for air ventilation with simultaneous heating.

The air entering through the ventilation ducts can be preheated with a heater

The power of the electric heater is selected experimentally.

The electrical equipment used in the bathhouse must withstand high temperatures and humidity, be reliably grounded and have a protection class of at least IP44.

Combining air ventilation with heating allows you to create comfortable conditions for vacationers, as well as reduce the costs associated with heating the premises with the help of heating equipment.

Acquaintance with the principles of organizing proper air circulation in the steam room, as well as other rooms of the sauna and bath, will allow you to independently organize the process of effective air exchange. It is important to correctly calculate the dimensions of the air lines and optimally place the inlets of the channels in the premises. Remember that the design of the heating device and the chimney additionally affects the degree of air circulation. By following the recommendations, you can avoid mistakes and enjoy wellness treatments in a bath with a comfortable microclimate.

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Ventilation in the bath is a mandatory structural element. Without full-fledged air exchange and fresh air supply, even the highest quality wooden building can completely become unusable in 2-3 years. However, even in this short period of time, bathers will have to enjoy such “charms” as dampness, unpleasant smell, lack of fresh air.

Therefore, the installation of the ventilation system must be approached with all responsibility. This is not difficult. Moreover, in most small private baths (especially with the “Russian bath” mode), natural ventilation is the most optimal. And its construction, unlike the forced analogue, will not require the installation of expensive fans. And in some baths, it is generally created "by itself" - only due to the appropriate design of the steam room.

How is the natural ventilation system arranged?

Natural ventilation is driven by air convection that occurs when there is a difference in pressure (temperature) in the room (bath) and outside.

According to the laws of physics, the heated air in the room always rises, and the cold air descends to the floor. The main task of ventilation in the bath is to ensure the flow of fresh air (cold) and displace the exhaust (warm). Therefore, when planning natural ventilation, the inlet is usually located below the exhaust. Then the warm air, rising up, goes out through the exhaust shaft. At the same time, a vacuum (reduced pressure) is created in the room and fresh cool air is drawn in through the inflow near the floor. Gradually, it warms up again, rises and displaces a portion of the exhaust air through the hood. This ensures continuous convection and natural ventilation.

As extracts in a bath with natural ventilation, air vents, vents, and a stove chimney can be used. The air flow is carried out through the crowns of the walls (in chopped baths), ajar doors, ventilation openings. Both supply and exhaust openings (air vents, vents) are provided with shutters or adjustable grilles. This helps to control the air exchange in the room and prevent drafts.

There are several options for natural ventilation. Each of them has its own advantages, special functionality and some restrictions on use.

Option 1. Volley ventilation - airing

Volley ventilation is common in small Russian baths. This is the usual ventilation, which is performed either after bathing procedures, or between entering the steam room. Volley ventilation contributes to a quick change of air, drying the surfaces of the steam room.

With burst ventilation, the role of ventilation holes is performed by a door and a window leaf located on opposite walls. To change the air, they are opened for a short time after soaring (or between visits to the steam room). Depending on which direction the pressure drop is directed, air will move from the window to the door or vice versa.

The role of salvo ventilation is to freshen the air in the steam room, but at the same time not to cool the walls. Therefore, the ventilation time is short - 1-2 minutes is enough.

Option #2. Ventilation with outflow through the chimney

A stove with a chimney can be the driving force behind ventilation. When the fuel is burned, the exhaust air is drawn into the furnace blower and exits through the chimney. In order for fresh air to flow in, a gap of about 5-10 mm is made at the bottom of the door. Or loosely close it during procedures. In log cabins, when a fire is burning in a stove, air from the street is drawn in through loosely fitted lower rims.

Ventilation through the outflow of air through the chimney is only possible while maintaining the fire in the stove. If fuel combustion is not maintained during vaping (e.g. in black-baths or short-duration ovens), no air change will be performed. A more versatile ventilation system will be required.

Option #3. Air exchange through vents

Air exchange through special vents is a universal type of natural ventilation. It allows you to gradually change the air in the steam room several times during the soaring (ideally - 5-6 times per hour). With proper planning of such ventilation, drafts and a decrease in surface temperature will not be observed.

The exhaust hole is usually arranged under the ceiling, above the top shelf. It has dimensions of 15-20 cm, it is square or round. The hood is closed with a removable plug or a sliding damper (door), with which you can change the size of the hood and the degree of air exchange.

A few more rules:

It is undesirable to place the ventilation holes at the same level opposite each other. It is highly likely that fresh air entering the steam room will immediately fly out into the hood. This eliminates the full circulation of air, but leads to the formation of a draft.
The linear dimensions of the hood, ideally, should match the dimensions of the inlet. Or be more. If the dimensions of the hood deviate downwards, new clean air will not enter the bath.
If you want to increase the outflow of exhaust air, the dimensions of the hood make it larger than the supply vent. Or they arrange 2 hoods for 1 inlet.

For the influx of clean air in the steam room, an inlet is equipped, as a rule, 0.2-0.4 m from the floor surface. It can be on the same wall as the hood, or on the opposite side. It is desirable - next to the stove, so that the incoming air has time to heat up and enters the soaring zone already warm. The inlet is closed with a ventilation grill so that the air is drawn into the room in separate streams, and not in a continuous stream.

Step by step installation guide

The classic workflow is:

In the walls of the bath, two holes are made with transverse dimensions of 100-200 mm. It is advisable to form ducts even at the construction stage, so that later you do not have to carve them into finished walls. One hole is made behind the stove (or next to it), at a distance of 20 cm from the floor. The other is on the opposite wall, diagonally, at a distance of 20 cm from the ceiling.
Boxes are installed in the holes. They can be bought ready-made - made of metal or plastic. In chopped baths, it is better to use wooden boxes knocked together from boards.
A ventilation grill is placed on the inlet, and a valve on the exhaust. If one of the holes goes outside, an insect net is installed on the outside of the box.

But this order of work is not the only correct one - it all depends on what kind of structure you have and what duct scheme you have chosen.

Advantages and disadvantages of such a system

Among the advantages of natural ventilation, the most significant are:

simple device and easy installation;
low cost - natural ventilation does not require the installation of expensive forced fans;
Efficiency in work - allows you to avoid spending on electricity;
reliability - the absence of mechanical devices makes natural ventilation practically “eternal”, not subject to breakdowns and not in need of repairs.

There are also disadvantages:

the dependence of the ventilation force on the temperature difference in the steam room and on the street;
in autumn and winter, cold air coming from the supply openings lowers the temperature in the steam room, drafts may occur;
smells from the street.

Agree, the shortcomings are insignificant. In a small bath, standing on its own site, natural ventilation is the most rational solution. If there are no pools and large washing facilities inside, there is no point in overpaying for mechanical fans (for forced air exchange). If, for some reason, natural ventilation cannot cope with the functions assigned to it, you can convert it into mechanical ventilation at any time - just put fans on the holes!

Greetings, dear host. You built a house, gave birth to a son, planted a tree near the house, it's time to think about health. Yes, yes, about your health, and your family. It's time to build a bathroom!

How to build, from what materials, where to choose a place - you decide - you are the owner, and I will talk about, probably, the most important and important part of the construction - ventilation. Ideally, the calculation and organization of the ventilation system should be carried out at the construction planning stage. But in real life, there are many options:

the bath is being built, but they forgot about ventilation
construction is over, and then they remembered
steam room inside the house

Building a bath without ventilation is not a rare case, you should not sprinkle ashes on your head and think that you are stupider than others. Not at all, at least you remembered, and this is already something. Adjustment of air circulation is possible, even if it has not been provided.

It is not advisable to rely on burst ventilation: the accumulated heat does not go away with the door open, but, according to the laws of physics, turns into steam and settles in the form of condensate on the walls and floor. Hello fungus! It’s a pity, of course, because redevelopment, and this is what it is, will cost a pretty penny. And when in the house? What about a brick house?

air is enriched with oxygen
creates the optimum temperature
removal of excess moisture
removal of accumulated carbon dioxide

The diameter of the ventilation carried out affects the quality of the process: a small traction force will not allow the entire system to work fully, which will nullify all the work done, and an excessively powerful traction, on the contrary, will not allow creating the optimum temperature. Proper ventilation requires compliance with indents:

for supply air flow 10-30 cm from the floor
for the upper hood 20-30 cm from the ceiling

Do you need a steam room?

Yes, definitely yes. This famous and very useful building is being erected with the main goal: recovery. Steamed skin passes accumulated slags and dirt through itself, while saturating the body with oxygen, and what kind of oxygen are we talking about in a tightly sealed room?

A steam room without ventilation is more like a hyperbaric chamber with carbon dioxide; within a few minutes, unbearable heat and lack of oxygen will drive you out of the steam room. To arrange an outlet with a natural outlet, forced exhaust - depends on the technical and your capabilities. The main thing. The hood from the stove, it is gas, wood, must have a separate overpass.

Ventilation in the steam room in the Russian bath

The Russian bath differs from the sauna in the principle of operation of the steam room, the method of heating and ventilation. The bathhouse was heated "in black" and "in white". In the first version, the stove was heated, the stones laid on top of the hearth were heated, the burnt coals were raked out and carried away, the heat came from the stones, the air was outflowed through the door or window. In the second version, the stove worked during the park, the smoke came out through the chimney, and excess heat also went through it. In a modern bath, in addition to the chimney, additional exits are used.

There are many options: in the finished room, connect the steam outlet of the vent to the existing air ducts, through other rooms, when the wiring goes inside the house, bring a separate pipe to the street by drilling a hole in the wall.

The location of the holes varies depending on the desired result: the hood is lower - the temperature rises faster, higher - better air circulation.

Steam room ventilation

Supply and exhaust diameter

Basement. The steam room is ready. The only opening is the front door. Already good. For the organization of forced ventilation we use it. It's easier - cut a hole at the bottom of the door with a jigsaw, put blinds, grating.

Better - in front of the door, from the side of the steam room, build a box with outlets from sewer pipes under the stove and to the side. Use the grate with a valve - in winter, the air is colder, it will take longer to warm up the room.

The air flow from under the stove will rise up, capturing heat, and an additional draft of fresh air will go from the pipe laid aside (in winter it can be tightly closed with a valve). Next, we cut a window to Europe. Kidding. Outside.

From the outside, we mark the approximate place where you need to make an extract. Above the ground - lucky, below the level - we remove the soil, make a dig (so as not to miss, it is better to take it wider). A concrete wall or masonry can be drilled with a special tool. It is unlikely that he will be found by a non-specialist.

Alternatively, rent a tool. You go to the Internet, open sites that specialize in such a service, and place an order. But you and I are simple people, we will break through. A puncher is not a rare thing, I have it, I think you will also have it.

We go down to the basement again. I managed to sheathe the walls - nothing, we will remove the sheathing. On a bare wall, mark the place where the pipe exits with a marker. Be careful with the diameter! Above, I already gave the calculation formula. You can take a piece of pipe and circle around. Silently stepping back along the perimeter of the circle (the hole should eventually be slightly larger than the diameter of the pipe), a through hole is drilled with a perforator, after 2-3 cm the next one, and so on in a circle.

With a chisel you break the formed jumpers - that's it, the opening is ready. You take out the remains of the wall, trim the edges and walls of the tunnel, and try to advance the pipe. Happened? Cool. No - pay attention to what interferes, bring down the excess.

When the wall is made of timber, the technology for cutting the opening is on the same principle as on brickwork, with a small difference: a jigsaw is taken instead of a chisel. Sewer pipes are not suitable for an exhaust pipe, galvanization is required.

We insert the segment into the opening, fill the voids with insulation (glass wool, mineral wool), sew up the walls with wood. The gap between the casing and the pipe must be foamed. We make a box. It is needed to regulate the degree and height of heating the room. The thickness of the box corresponds to the diameter of the pipe with which it is connected, the length depends on the height of the steam room. Two windows are cut out on the box, which are equipped with a blind valve. One window is located about twenty cm from the ceiling, the lower one is 50-60 cm from the floor.

When the stove is fired, both exhaust dampers in the steam room are closed, as a result, the lower one opens first, and then, if necessary, the upper one. So you can easily adjust the temperature right during the procedure.

Using the built-in fan will improve the outflow of hot air from the room. Don't forget about gratings at the outlet of the duct to keep dry leaves and other debris out. By the way, it is necessary to clean the hood at least once a year.

Bastu has become widespread. The system has taken root due to the ease of installation and efficient heat distribution. Only now it is better to mount it initially, at the construction stage. The above scheme and the device for circulating air flows are fundamentally different from those described by me in this article earlier.

The bastu principle is an inverted glass. As you can see, both the supply air duct and the outlet are almost at the same height - just above the floor level.

The lower pipe, through which air enters the steam room, originates from the street, the outlet is located behind the stove - in fact, this is the thrust. The heated air outlet is located strictly diagonally from the stove, located below the bench. Warm air from the stove rises, creates an increased pressure under the ceiling, and cools down a little in the opposite corner and, descending, enters the ventilation.

The main difference is approximately the same air temperature along the height of the room, while in the Russian bath the upper bench is hotter, and the lower one is more comfortable.

When the heated air masses rush to the lower point of the exhaust, they will take heavy moist air with them and dry the floors faster.

The downside here is the dependence of effective work on the strength of the wind on the street, when the air blown into the exhaust pipe interferes with the natural outflow, moreover, it can reverse it. Then the steam room will be filled with the smell of burnt fuel, which will not allow you to get the proper result from the procedures.