Pink, blue, lilac. Color psychology. The influence of three colors on a person. How colors in the interior affect our mood

The most sensitive force of perception of information by the senses is vision. Each eye contains about 37 million color-sensitive receptors. The light we see is made up of waves of different wavelengths that are perceived and recognized. different parts brain. Different segments represent the color. Our brain divides the visible color spectrum into only 3 main ones: red, green and blue(pgb model). Others are formed by mixing these three in our minds.

From scientific theses, I want to add: everything that is not focused by our eyes is colorless, no matter how sad. In order for a color to be born, 3 components are necessary: ​​light, an object and a person! Without us, our eyes it simply does not exist!Color has no variant effect on everyone, but the attitude is formed for everyone, depending on the associations.

It is interesting that in many countries color treatment was previously practiced, the so-called color therapy.

Ancient inhabitants poured juices, water into goblets and lowered them into gems certain color. After surviving for some time, after saturating the liquid with the planned energy, they gave it to the patient to drink.

IN Ayurveda and today color treatment is carried out. Primarily, the Ayurvedic doctor determines what body type the patient has. They are of three types: Vata, Pitta, Kapha. Vata represents Air and Ether; Pitta - Fire and Water; Kapha - Water and Earth. You understood that a bit of an esoteric vision with an estate of astrology and a bit of a Western division into interventionists and extroverts. If some energy is in short supply, the healer assigns the missing “color” to it.

Of course, color therapy is a pseudoscience and everyone has the right to decide for himself - to believe it or not. But the effect of paints on human psychology has been scientifically proven more than once.

So in the middle of the 20th century, the scientist Luscher in Switzerland conducted a test, during which the influence of 4 thousand shades on human psychology was observed. Studies have shown that regardless of nationality and religion, it changes the functionality of some of the body's activities. For example, being in a juicy red room for a long time, people's heart rate increased, their pulse increased, blood pressure increased, and the excitability of the body was generally observed. And on the contrary, having been in a dark blue space, the subjects' body temperature dropped by 2 degrees, the general condition spoke of calm.

Color affects the formation of a certain environment, which is one of the components of a good .

Since ancient times, the "first" flowers were White black And red. This was due to the use of natural ingredients to obtain paint.

Each territorial region formulated its own basic palette with its own number of colors. On ancient east- five, in Europe - three. Ito, one was replaced by another periodically. Since the time of Newton, it has been considered that there are seven main ones, which I will describe in this article.

7 BASIC COLORS

Red- warm, improves mood, appetite, stimulates the brain. At the same time, with a long stay next to him, it irritates, there is an overexcitation of the nervous system and rejection.

Very controversial color, use it carefully. Suitable for non-residential rooms - entrance hall, hall, kitchen. From residential - only a living room and an office. Ito, I advise you to use it in an accent form: pillows, a piece of wall, accessories, a rug in the rooms where you are long time. If there are hyperactive children in the family, then it is worth refusing to use red so as not to aggravate the child's condition. It is very good for the kitchen, as it stimulates the digestive system. You can use it in the form of parts of facades, an apron, a refrigerator. But keep in mind that the visual narrowing of space cannot be avoided, therefore it is only suitable for large areas rooms.

Also red is characterized with luxury. Perfect for decorating chic apartments in, the combination with gold adds sophistication.

Due to its ability to increase efficiency for some time and improve apatite, it is suitable for non-residential real estate: supermarkets, fitness centers, gyms, cafes fast food(so that people quickly saturate their stomachs and do not want to stay up for a long time - they left).
Orange- Cheerful, invigorating and warm. Helps people who fall into a depressed state, not seeing a way out in this situation. In general, it acts the same as red only weaker. The excitation of the body is less weak, the pulse does not increase and blood pressure does not rise, so orange colors are tolerated more pleasantly.

In any case, even if he is not so active, he still acts strongly on the psyche, so you should not overdo it. It looks great in dilution with white, in the form of accents. Rich in tone. It can be compared to a fruit. As it matures, it changes from light cherry plum to ripe persimmon. Of the most beautiful shades, I distinguish: salmon, amber, coral, pumpkin, copper, carrot and apricot.

Such as, Indian, African, modern -, and bohemian love it for its juiciness and warmth (it does not have a cold shade, as it is obtained by diluting two warm ones - red and yellow). Designers often use it in spaces located to the north, where there is a lack of heat.

Since it is similar in psychological impact with red, I advise you to use it in non-residential premises, with the exception of children's playrooms, a living room.
Yellow- Energetic, bright, exciting cheerful, energetic and warm like the sun itself. It turned out due to the merger of red and green, and therefore absorbed the properties of both in equal amounts in half. Penetrates into any loophole, easily and for a long time coexisting in it.

It does not have as many shades as its predecessor orange. The most common are lemon, beige, cream, sand. Lemon will cool the space, the rest will warm.
Green- the calmest color. It does not move anywhere and is not in a hurry, the complete absence of impulses, which is transmitted to the contemplator. The color created by nature itself, we observe from birth, so pleasing to the eye and dear. On the medical side, it weakens the auditory receptors, lowers blood pressure, and is excellent for migraines. In light performance pleases, in the dark - pacifies. There are many natural organic shades for every taste: dried greens, forest grass, mint, emerald, avocado, pistachio, etc. There are no problems with combinations with other colors. The main thing is exposure in cold and warm colors.

Greens, as mentioned earlier, are very soothing, so they are suitable for any non-residential premises, and for the living room, respectively. In it, it will act as a sleeping pill. But it is worth stopping at light, translucent tones: green tea, light pistachio or olive. The surface, be it painting or furniture, is only matte. No cold in the green manifestation.

For people who follow proper nutrition, green kitchen silently contribute to the regime of restrictions. Because unlike red, it dampens the appetite.
Blue- the color of coolness and freshness. Causes pleasant associations associated with sea air, boundless ocean, serene sky. Partly because of this, it is considered one of the favorite colors of mankind. Blue makes it possible to enjoy memories or build new dreams.

Achieved by diluting blue with white. From the first one takes calmness and peace, from the second - purity and joyful thoughts. These qualities are perfectly felt in the interior. But also do not forget about the coldness of the color, respectively, it must be combined with warm tones so that a depressive atmosphere is not formulated.

As for the choice of a room in which a blue one can live, there are no prohibitions here. Suitable for absolutely any space, any purpose and area. The living room will favorably influence live communication, in the bedroom - for relaxation, it will take away fatigue and create an aura ideal for relaxation, in the bathroom - it will visually increase the enclosed space, and a relaxing mood will be provided.

Easily coexists in many styles, especially in French, in modern.
Blue- the color of nobility, degree, tranquility. From a medical point of view, it has the ability to relieve pain in neurology and inflammation. Under the influence of blue, a person’s feeling of anxiety decreases and time control is slightly disturbed, which leads to relaxation. And with all the depth of this exquisite color, you still need to know the measure. Calm features with prolonged exposure become depressing.

Interestingly, depending on the tone, the radiating mood changes. The deeper the shade, the more it penetrates us. Dark blue awakens in us a hunger for purity, for the infinite. Blue on the verge of black can even scream about sadness. Emotions decrease as lightens up. Being reborn in blue, blue becomes indifferent and distant as the sky. And with even more intense whitening, it becomes silent until it becomes completely neutral white.

Blue is well suited for rooms with any purpose of operation. Styles are also unlimited. The shade of cobalt and ultramarine are technologically advanced options, so they are good in, sapphire and dark blue are ideal in.
Violet- cooled red with blue paint. It sounds a little sad, since there is a redemption. Indeed, this color is very mysterious. In China - the color of mourning, in India - sadness. It has a depressing effect on nervous system and at the same time has a tremendous impact on the spiritual part of a person. Thanks to a strong influence, consciousness is freed from internal fears, which leads to the ability to draw creative power from within oneself. Probably the most confusing color. In yoga, the highest 7th chakra is Sahasrara, located on the top of the skull, namely purple. It connects the thin threads of man with the universe. Intuition, insight, awareness of the essence of what is happening - purple helps all this.

In living spaces, it simply needs to be diluted warm colors, otherwise freeze or even an apathetic state will haunt you regularly. I do not recommend diluting with red. Burgundy is sickly depraved and does not bring anything good to housing. But in a duet with yellow, purple is beautiful. The missing beauty appears. As a background, preference should be given to bleached purple or light purple. In this tone, it is suitable for both residential and non-residential spaces. In public places, it is favored by meditation centers.

Color in the interior is a very powerful means of influencing a person. After all, it can affect our mood, appetite, performance, emotions and even health. And all this is not fiction, but already scientifically substantiated and proven facts.

Features of the influence of color in the interior on the human body.

As you know, each color has its own frequency and wavelength, so they just have the same physical effect on the human body. Behind last years in folk, and in official medicine more and more such method of treatment and diagnostics as color therapy is spreading. Such practices have been known to mankind since the times of Ancient Egypt, Rome and India. It goes without saying that it will not work to get rid of all ailments only with the help of color, but it is possible to use the accumulated knowledge as an additional factor of influence.

It is very important to choose the color scheme for the interior based not only on your own preferences, but also taking into account the peculiarities of the influence of color on a person. It's not so bad if you just don't like the chosen shade of paint on the walls. It is much worse if it starts to cause aggression in already quick-tempered people, or if it lowers the pressure in a hypotonic person even more. To avoid this, just remember:

Color activates the work of the body, increases blood pressure, warms, enhances libido. In large quantities, it can aggravate allergic reactions, increase aggression.

Invigorates, stimulates blood circulation, the work of the digestive, nervous and reproductive systems, has a beneficial effect on the respiratory tract, increases appetite. Contraindicated in increased sexuality and irritability.

Stimulates the cleansing of the skin, liver, digestive system. Strengthens nerves, memory. Helps to activate mental activity, fight depression, apathy. Limited use for nervous disorders and anxiety.

Able to reduce pain and reduce pressure. It strengthens the heart, eyes, muscles, helps relieve irritation, concentrate, get rid of insomnia and migraines.

(blue) color has antimicrobial properties, anesthetizes, fights inflammation, reduces pressure, promotes relaxation, helps to focus and be more attentive. In excess, it can be tiring and depressing.

It has an antipyretic effect, has a beneficial effect on the heart and lungs, helps to relieve pain, especially headaches, cope with insomnia, nervous and mental problems. Depressing in large numbers.

Helps fight irritation, soothes, contraindicated in depression and melancholy.

White cleanses and removes toxins. Restrains irritability, promotes relaxation.

Black helps to concentrate, negatively affects people with nervous disorders.

Invigorates, extinguishes irritation, promotes rejuvenation.

As you can see, warm colors have a stimulating and tonic effect, while cold ones calm you down.

The most neutral and versatile are beige and green.

Anastasia-Pigulevskaya

Julia Babintseva

Irena Polyakova

Artem Evstigneev

Alexander Zenzura

Vladimir Nikiforov

Julia Babintseva

Speaking about the influence of color in the interior, do not forget about the intensity of shades. You need to be careful with bright and saturated tones, they can cause irritation and fatigue, so it is better to use them limitedly as accents that are not large in size. For the main tone, it is better to take light pastel colors. However, this is not the ultimate truth, everything is individual here.

We talked about physiology, now as for emotions. Each color evokes in us certain natural associations and emotional reactions that are characteristic only for it, by the way, these reactions will not differ much among representatives of different cultures and nationalities.

So red is associated with fire, blood, wine and can cause anger, joy, and a surge of strength in a person. Yellow is inextricably linked with the sun and light, optimism, sublimity, fun. Orange, as it were, is intermediate between these two colors. Blue for many is water, cold, sea, it evokes a feeling of calmness, stability. Green is associated with spring, trees, grass gives us confidence and hope. Since purple is very rare in nature, people on a subconscious level are used to treating it as something exceptional, exclusive. Apparently, therefore, only emperors and nobles could afford to dress in purple clothes. Since then, the status of solemn, royal, luxurious has also been attached to this color. From time immemorial, black has been associated with the night, the universe, the abyss, which accordingly gives rise to a sense of mystery, danger, mysticism. Gray is associated with ashes, dust and causes mostly sadness, boredom and passivity.

Alexander Gurevich

Natalia Nikulina

Larisa German

Vilena Tarasova

Dmitry Tereshchuk

Evgeny Zhdanov

Studying in more detail the influence of color in the interior, remember: there should be a measure and harmony in everything. Whatever beneficial effect this or that color has, do not put the entire room at its disposal. If you stay in such a room for too long, the effect can be reversed. The best decision- combine different colors and shades.

Lilac color has a calming effect, being a very beautiful shade of purple. On our website, we will consider the possible use of this soft and delicate shade in interior design.

This color has a special charm, it is truly mysterious and magnificent. Most of all, the lilac color is to the taste of the beautiful half of humanity. Since men do not like this color too much, it can be used to decorate the bedroom, where there is most of the feminine "yin" energy in feng shui.

When bright red and soothing blue are mixed, purple hues are obtained. The influence on the human psyche of this color depends on the proportions in which blue and red were used.

Red is most pronounced in purple, which has an exciting effect on a person. Blue color has a calming effect. It can be found in a lavender shade.

Psychologists have come to the conclusion that purple
most often you can meet in apartments and houses those people who are depressed, feel anxiety, experience mental disorders.

If a person with a balanced psyche stays in a room with purple walls for a long time, then he will begin to feel out of place, he will have a feeling of melancholy and hopelessness. The impact of purple depends on the saturation of the hue.

If the room is small in size, then dark and thick color shades should not be used for finishing the ceiling and walls, as it creates the feeling that the room is decreasing in size, and the walls seem to squeeze you. In this case, it is best to use a lilac shade, which is much more delicate. Such a shade will not affect the mood, as it is not strong enough for this.

The bedroom will look very nice, the design of which combines white with lilac color.
White color brings a sense of freshness to any style. This is a neutral color that creates a lyrical mood in the bedroom, especially if vintage elements like shabby chic are used in the design of the room.

Blue color is perceived as cold, while white creates a feeling of coolness and peace. As a result, such a bedroom will provide a good sleep and a calm mood.

Lilac shade can be combined with other neutral colors.

Since lilac is still a weak color, the outlines of objects in the room will seem a little fuzzy. Brown, gray or cream will not make this shade brighter, so they should not be combined with it. It is best to combine a lilac shade with brighter shades of a contrasting color or with a monochrome palette.
Lilac hue goes well with other shades purple palette. An interior with a combination of blackberry, plum, purple and lilac will look especially attractive, with a touch of magical mystery.
Saturated tones are best used in textiles and furnishing details, while light shades are perfect for decorating walls. The decor in the bedroom will be truly luxurious if you use velvet and silk.

If we talk about the combination of purple with contrasting shades, then purple will be most organically combined with yellow. In addition, there are a sufficient number of shades in the yellow spectrum, among which you can choose those that will look great next to the lilac color. However, it is best not to use two weak shades, because otherwise the decor in the bedroom will be too faded.

If the bedroom is small in size, then it is best to make the base a soft shade, and it is best to choose bright colors for textile and decor elements.

Decorators often use color combinations such as "two contrasting colors", "main color and neutral", "shades of a monochrome range".

In addition, for the lilac color, it is possible to choose one of the red or green shades, which will allow you to experience the most positive emotions.

In the event that two more colors besides lilac are used to furnish the bedroom, you should stop at contrasting orange and green, or on pink and blue adjacent according to the Itten circle.

But at the same time, the third color should be used in very small quantities, for example, in small details. The second shade will look great in textiles and decor, shading the main color.

A bright and beautiful interior in a small bedroom can always be created using lilac and other shades that will create a special mood.

In the design of each interior, a competent choice of colors and shades is important. They are able to subconsciously shape the mood, modify the perception of certain things and contribute to concentration. Color can mask flaws or flaws in an interior, enhance the design of a room, and optimize the interior ambiance.

Color and emotional state of a person

In combination with the power of light, color significantly affects the internal (mental and physical) state of a person in the room. For example, a sunny morning, a blue sky without clouds invigorates and cheers you up, while an overcast, “gray” one, on the contrary, suppresses, causes emotional apathy, and worsens your mood.

Numerous studies have shown that the perception of color depends directly on the genetic and acquired memory of a person. Any reaction to it necessarily has a certain basis - social (traditional), generic (intra-family) and personal (internal) reasons. It is on this fact that one of the areas of psychotherapy, referred to as color therapy, is based.

Well chosen color solution in interior design, in addition to the impact on the psyche, indirectly affects the physiology and physical condition. Scientists have noticed that the inhibition of vital activity at all levels of the body occurs with the dominance of "depressive" colors in the interior (gray, brown, black). In contrast, “stimulating” colors (yellow, red, orange) activate, increase tone, and improve mood.

Watch a video about the influence of colors in the interior on a person

Properties and features of color in the interior

1. Red - excitement, stimulation, and motivation to action. In the subconscious of a person, it is associated with aggression and blood, instantly activates aggressive instincts inherited from primitive ancestors. This color is preferred by energetic and temperamental people.

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Use red in the interior of the room with great care. Before design work, it is necessary to carefully analyze the purpose of each room, psychological features living and General characteristics premises. For example, a rich red color activates digestion and improves appetite, so it is advisable to use it everywhere in a dining room or dining room - wallpaper, accessories, furniture, dishes, etc. Of course, without a fanatical excess, otherwise the effect will manifest itself in the form of asthenia and unreasonable irritability . But the use of any shades of red, especially bright ones, is contraindicated in places of rest and relaxation.

2. Yellow - warmth, optimism, stimulation of the intellect. In the human mind is directly associated with warmth, sunlight and a sense of happiness. The yellow color and its “soft” shades (beige, ocher, cream) are ideal for the design of a children's room and unified common areas.

3. Orange - is a transition from red to yellow. In its properties, one can find manifestations characteristic of similar colors. So, orange, by analogy with yellow, stimulates and gives warmth, but at the same time it is able to evoke passion, excite, push for physical activity.

Perceiving this color, the human subconscious creates pleasant associations with ripe fruits, pleasant mood, warm. Bright shades of orange, in the form of small accents, are appropriate in the sports area or work area, where they will evoke positive emotions and set you up for productive work.

Attention! Caution should be used in combinations of orange and green, as they are strongly associated with the image. late autumn, withering, approaching cold weather and despondency!

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4. Pink - kindness, romance, tenderness, naivety and innocence. It perfectly soothes and relaxes, appeals to peace and gentleness. These features also contain the negativism of this color - an incentive to laziness, low activity and intoxication with calmness. Used in recreation areas or to neutralize bright accents in the workplace.

5. Blue - the color of a cloudless sky, a symbol of coolness, transparency, friendliness and kindness. It promotes proper rest after physical, emotional or mental stress, relieves muscle tension, normalizes work of cardio-vascular system.

6. White – undoubtedly, it is purity, freedom, lightness and freshness. Visually expands the area of ​​\u200b\u200bspace, creates realistic effect spaciousness and airiness in the interior. There is no better background than white - it enhances the properties and virtues of other expressive colors.

Advice! It is necessary to combine white with saturated red very carefully, as this will certainly cause annoying associations with the hospital - pain, suffering, limitation, illness, inferiority, etc.!

7. Silver - association with a festive atmosphere, bright dreams, New Year's holidays. Of course, no one makes the interior completely silver, although, in hi-tech style this coloring is actively used.

8. Gray - first of all, it is melancholy and sadness. Awakens the feelings that arise during cloudy weather, prolonged downpours, late autumn. Experts do not recommend this color for use in the interiors of living rooms. The exception is the room of a hyperactive person, where gray details will soothe and set you up for work.

9. Blue - slowing down, cold, soothing. In small quantities it relieves stress and calms, and in large quantities it is a burden on the psyche and an obstacle to concentration.

Large mirror in the interior of the hallway

Content:

The interior, according to the exact translation from French, is nothing more than the interior space of a building or room. According to the results of a large number of different opinion polls, most of both adults and children believe that the environment around us in one way or another affects the psyche, mood, state of mind. Next, we will figure out whether this is so and how exactly the interior affects a person.

Most of the items used today in the interior are considered traditional. However, few people think that they were originally acquired, based on the influence of an object on a person’s mood.

For example, imagine that you are visiting an apartment that you have not known before, and the first thing you see is a mirror. Of course, in this case, the apartment predisposes you to itself, since you have already seen at least one familiar face.

However, if there was a window instead of a mirror, you would immediately want to leave this house. This is explained by the fact that there is a feeling of a draft, as if it takes you away.

There is also another effect of mirrors on the mood and feeling of the world. Scientists have proven that if a large number of mirrors are hung in a room at a certain angle, then the person in the room will experience an incomprehensible panic fear. This technique was used in ancient Egypt when the priests wanted to intimidate a person and subdue them to their will.

Advice! It should also be noted that such sensations can be caused by sharp asymmetric transitions in interior design, as well as a large amount of bright purple.

Quite a lot can affect the psyche and disposition. Thus, the desktop should never be placed with its back to the door. If it does not work out otherwise, the back of the table must be protected with something. The same applies to the sleeping area, if the bed is in plain sight immediately upon entering the room, it should be protected with something. Bookcases, shelving or mobile partitions will do.

For many years, how colors affect a person in an interior has been studied, and the results are amazing. However, it is very important to use these techniques without overdoing it, since they can both benefit and harm. Thus, blue inspires a sense of stability and stability, but at the same time stillness. The same goes for the orange color scheme. On the one hand, such shades can set in a positive way, but with their abundance, they can make a fuss.

Advice! It is advisable to use delicate shades of yellow in interior design, as they allow you to focus.

Numerous studies have shown that if a bouquet of flowers is placed on the table where a person works yellow color, he will think better and faster, while the memory of the latter will improve. Previously, this technique was used quite often, especially in various academies and universities. It is in such an environment that it is best to prepare for an important exam, presentation or speech.

However, be careful: not only the color design plays a role, but also the volume and shape. That is why a yellow picture hung near the desktop allows you to provoke memory lapses, and small transparent curtains - to increase immunity.

Bright red accents in interior design

We have already understood the importance of the influence of the interior on a person, but let's try to figure out exactly how certain colors and their combinations have their magical effect.

It is very important to treat the selection of colors for decorating your home environment as responsibly as possible. If you neglect this, you can forever remain oppressed, agitated, and so on.

For example, red is a representative of a warm color scheme, therefore, it should calm and set in a positive way. However, in reality, everything is not so at all. Red has an exciting effect on the human nervous system, thereby causing a whole set of associations in him - power, aggression, blood.

It suppresses all other shades in, but this does not mean at all that it cannot be used. It can be used quite well as an accent. For example, an apartment decorated in delicate pastel colors can be supplemented with a red chandelier, an ornament on the wall, a picture frame, and so on.

The most unfavorable colors, shades and their combinations include:

• Red. As we understood, it causes only excitement and nervous tension;
• Black and dark purple shades visually reduce the space;
• Brown tunes in a melancholic mood, it can even lead to depression;
• Blue creates a cold atmosphere, which makes the room feel uncomfortable.

Yellow curtains in the interior of the living room

That is, blue, purple and blue shades have an incomprehensible soothing, but at the same time depressing effect. They are flowers that encourage you to lock yourself in the inner life of the apartment. You can use them in children play corners, in combination with green are well suited for the bedroom. These shades are usually used to calm overly active children.

Consider the most suitable color scheme for interior design:

• The whole set of shades from yellow to green is the most favorable and calm colors. Each of the presented colors sets in a positive way, reduces the feeling of fatigue;
• Shades from yellow to beige are pastel. They are great for any room, give a feeling of comfort and coziness;
• Turquoise colors are often used to decorate the bathroom, as they inspire a feeling of freshness;
• A light shade of blue is perfect for bedrooms and recreation areas, as it has a calming effect and causes drowsiness;
• A dark shade of blue allows you to somewhat calm the ardor. Perfect for business premises with a negotiating table;
• bright yellow and orange colors uplift the mood, as well as tone the body and soul. In no case can not be used in the bedroom;
• White color can cause a feeling of frost, cold. However, in combination with other bright or warm accents, it can look very good. For example, terracotta or red patterns allow you to cheer up and improve your mood;
• Black accents perfectly complement the overall design of the room, giving a special charm;
• A mix of grays and more bright colors often used to decorate business premises.

Student room interior design

Every person needs their own space. This is especially felt in school age. Thus, the student's room should have as few unnecessary things as possible, and as much free space as possible. However, in reality, everything looks completely different, and the student’s room is littered with a mass of unnecessary things, toys, or even household items that did not fit in common rooms, leaving no room for the child to manifest his own Self.

It is also very important to take care of proper lighting in the apartment. It is a well-known fact that lighting should fall exclusively from the left side.

Optimal lighting of the kitchen-living room

At the same time, today it is believed that work zone does not need full daylight at all, since it can easily be replaced by artificial light. However, this is not quite true. Ideally, you need to combine both options so as not to get tired too quickly.

In the event that you sit down at your desk in the dark, a table lamp alone will obviously not be enough. Not only should it be included, but also general lighting in the room. Wherein table lamp should be placed on the left side.