Grinding plaster is a restorative process. Grinding plaster: pre-cleaning the surface, repairing defects, making mortar and restoration procedure How to grind old plaster correctly

In order for the building to always look neat and inviting, you need to regularly take care of its appearance, and then it will be like a well-groomed young lady, pleasing to the eye and soul. Unfortunately, not everyone understands that a building is a visiting card of the people who are in it. Under influence climatic conditions and weather precipitation, it is not uncommon for a network of cracks and defects of a different kind to appear on the surface of a painted or lime-coated facade. Such negative points should be immediately eliminated by carrying out work on the repair of plaster facades.

Plastered buildings are repaired by chipping off the defective facade plaster and forming a new one in its place. It is not necessary to re-plaster the entire facade - you can restore the building only in damaged areas. At the same time, cracks and cracks are cleaned and embroidered.

Giving an old house a new look is not a cheap pleasure, but you can significantly save money by inviting as workers industrial climbers. Professionals in their field will carry out high-altitude work by the method of industrial mountaineering on highest level quality and with great care.

How is the process of grinding facade plaster

The principle of grinding facade plaster consists in applying a mortar layer to problem areas, which not only hides damage, but also provides protection to the facade. The walls of the house are preliminarily prepared (for this, we moisten the area of the building we need with a brush, so that the fresh solution subsequently grabs tightly with the old plaster). After that, a special composition containing crushed sand is applied. In case when working surface It consists of cement-lime or lime-gypsum plaster; for grinding, lime paste with sand is used in a ratio of one to one. If the working quadrature is large, then to save time, plaster is applied in a checkerboard pattern, at intervals of 1.5 dm.

Then the working surface is again abundantly moistened and rubbed to a state of a homogeneous smooth surface. There should be no gaps. A professional for updating plaster, even with uneven application of the material on the wall, is able to make a perfectly smooth facade with the help of grinding

Plastering is an important step in ennobling a room.

Plaster is a very flexible material that complete drying can already be used. All inaccuracies and irregularities are determined before the plaster dries and corrected in time. If the size of the crack is significant, then it is subject to cutting and then wetted from the inside. Inside, plaster of special strength is rammed (with the addition of gypsum dough or chalk solution).

Such repair work strengthen the overall facade structure and make the building look like a new building, giving it not only an attractive appearance, but also extra strength and resistance against the effects of temperature extremes and other adverse climatic conditions.

Grinding is the grouting of old plaster with a preliminary spreading of a thin layer of mortar on it. When grinding, a thin, well-worn film of the solution remains on the surface, covering all defects. Before grinding, the plaster is moistened or washed with water using a brush. Apply the same solution that made the old plaster.

Grinding should be done with a solution on fine sand; clean gypsum dough or lime-gypsum mortar should not be used. From prolonged friction with a grater, the gypsum mortar rejuvenates and loses strength. Grinding should not be carried out with pure lime or cement paste or sand alone. With such grinding, good quality does not happen.

When the nabel is not cleaned very well, wooden canvas The trowel very strongly rubs the solution into the plaster, mixes it with whitewash, rubs it evenly, providing a strong adhesion to the old plaster.

Thick felt or felt can be nailed to the grater cloth if it is well cleaned. Such a grater rubs cleaner, but does not rub the solution much into the surface of the old plaster.

Peretirka is done like this. About 0.5 m2 of a wall or ceiling is moistened with water, a little solution is taken on a grater and smeared with separate strokes (spots), placing them in a checkerboard pattern, 10-15 cm apart.

After that, the rubbed area is once again moistened with water and rubbed with a grater, carefully rubbing the solution, without gaps. If in some places there are pro-tirins, that is, not covered with a solution and not frayed places, they are corrected. Grinding - grouting with a grater - is performed in a round or straight way, so that the surface is equally worn, without rough spots, gaps and grouting of the solution.

With a good quality of grinding, there are no unrubbed spots on the surface - places, thickly applied mortar and rubbing.

Cracks may appear on the surface of the plaster during grinding. A thin, barely noticeable crack is cut with a knife or the end of a cut to a depth of no more than 5 mm, thereby removing the sooty edges of the old plaster. After that, the cut cracks are abundantly moistened with water and covered with a solution (embroidered).

To grease wide cracks, use the same mortar with which the plaster was made, press it into the crack with force to fill it.
Small cracks can be smeared with clean gypsum dough, but it is best to mix it with chalk (1 part gypsum, 2-3 parts chalk). Places smeared with pure gypsum or gypsum mixed with chalk require careful priming when painting, preferably twice. The primer is necessary so that the gypsum absorbs the paint composition less and does not form prominent stripes or spots on the surface. Cracks are rubbed in the usual way.

When unremovable rust spots are found, or they reappear after grinding, it is best to cut down the plaster in such a place and re-plaster the surface. In extreme cases, rusty places can be notched, moistened with water and applied with a layer of new mortar at least 1 cm thick.

The gaps between the wall and the plinth are also carefully covered. Pre-clear the existing gap by cutting, moisten it well with water, fill it tightly with a solution, cut off the protruding solution, level it and grind it with a small trowel or grater. After greasing, the skirting boards are cleaned of the adhering solution, washed with water or wiped with a wet cloth.

Grinding of plaster is necessary in rather rare cases, when various defects form on the surface of the walls. As a rule, they appear when the mandatory requirements are violated during the plastering of the walls, but this can also occur over a long period of operation. Grinding of the surface is carried out when cracks, stains, and other damage appear. After the cracks are eliminated, the surface is washed and filled flush with the level of the wall using plastic mortar. The resulting transitions are removed along with the old plaster, while the whites are cleaned off with a spatula.

The procedure for performing the work is quite simple, but it is necessary to carry out all the activities with high quality so that after the first years it is not necessary to carry out all the activities again. When grinding plaster, a wooden grater and sifted quartz sand, in places where there are defects, lime mortar is used. In the process of work, the main task is the complete elimination of the resulting defects, after which the wall is cleaned. To work, you need to prepare a solution. Mix quartz sand and lime dough in a ratio of 1: 1, add water until a creamy state. For this purpose, it is best to use a special mixer or a special spiral nozzle, which is used complete with a drill.

Joints of the old and new plaster it is necessary to moisten with water, after which the layer of the old primer must be cut and moistened. A solution made from quicklime should be applied in one go, but in some cases it is necessary to use several layers. After the treated areas are completely dry, the surface intended for grinding should be covered with a layer of mortar. After that, in a circular motion is done using wooden grater. Do not overdo it, the efforts used in the grouting process should be moderate, which will allow you to complete all the work without damaging the already existing layer of plaster.

With the help of felt or felt, you can significantly improve the quality of the work performed. It is worth noting that materials alone cannot produce a high-quality layer of plaster, in this case, as elsewhere, the presence of the necessary working skills plays a significant role. Until the treated surface is completely dry, it should be protected from too rapid drying, excess moisture, freezing, shaking, and generally any mechanical influences.

Monolithic wall decoration, regardless of the type of material used, will always win in terms of reliability and durability over a restored defective surface. But it is far from always justified to completely dismantle the old coating for applying a new one, therefore, restoration measures should not be abandoned. The most common operations of this kind include grinding plaster. What is this operation? This procedure is in the nature of a minor repair in the form of sealing a damaged finish. Accordingly, it has its own characteristics and nuances of execution.

Grinding features

This technique can be compared to a partial primer or spot restoration of a defective area. But if shallow flaws can be dealt with with putty with a light grout mixture, which will also provide a leveling effect, then grinding aims to repair deep damage, but with a small area. Does this mean that the work is being simplified? In a sense, yes, because the volume of laying can not be compared with the complex design of the walls with a new coating. On the other hand, the restoration of individual sections always entails a violation of the surface geometry - the same threat is especially evident during the grinding of plaster. What does it mean? Placing a thick layer of mortar in a small area can cause problems when correcting the surface. Accordingly, the accuracy of applying the mass and further alignment will be important. The problem is that mechanical alignment may not give the expected result, since the fluid mixture after work is still deformed under its own load.

Preparation for work

A critical step during which the target workspace is prepared. The surface is cleaned of dust, dirt and other foreign particles. Light sanding can also be done to remove loose layers of old remaining plaster. It is not worth overdoing this operation, since strong fluctuations can affect the structure of the adjacent solid coating. If, after stripping, elements of metal reinforcement appear outside, they should first be sealed with a special putty that is acceptable for use in contact with metal surfaces. It will also be important to have such a quality as the adhesiveness of the grinding of the plaster interior spaces. This is a property that determines the adhesion of the new mortar layer to the base surface. As the removal of dirt from the damaged area increases adhesion, so the composition of the laid putty should, at a minimum, organically interact with the solution of the applied plaster. However, the choice of a suitable mixture should be given special attention.

What solution is required?

Main question in choosing a dry mix for grinding - what should be the type of base? It is better to refuse modified compositions immediately, since the plasticizers included in them are small areas in direct contact with a foreign mixture, they can manifest their qualities in different ways. After all, do not forget what grinding of plaster means? This is the incorporation of a new solution into an already existing structure coatings. Universal option it may seem like a traditional cement composition, in which both adhesion is high and strength will allow to form secure termination. But, the cement-sand mixture has a long curing period, and this is an undesirable characteristic for a mass laid flat in a small area.

The best solution would be a gypsum mortar. In addition to environmental friendliness and fast hardening, such a base will make it possible to perform plastic and shrinkage-resistant grinding of plaster. What will it give in practice? Firstly, it will remove the problems of post-processing damage, when it will be necessary to perform leveling and corrective operations. Finishing is performed once, after which the laid mass is not deformed. Secondly, gypsum will allow you to repair even complex and hard-to-reach areas precisely because of its plasticity. In some conditions, such plaster can be used as a substitute for putty.

Grinding technique

The operation is preferably performed manually with a spatula with a small rule for surface correction. After 2-3 hours after laying the base mass with complete sealing of the defective area, with the help of a lattice grater, sags and all kinds of irregularities should be removed. By the way, wall plaster grinding can be done in several layers if the embedment depth exceeds 25 cm. In this case, the first layer should be applied without intermediate treatment. Moreover, to increase adhesion with the subsequent layer, the initial surface should be made rough. And after the second pass, the excess is removed and the texture of the coating is leveled.

Grinding in combination with jointing

If it is necessary to make a deep seal of the crack, it is advisable to perform a preliminary jointing. This is a kind of cleaning, but in a more in-depth technological version. The jointing procedure consists in removing the remnants of the problematic concrete along the edges in the crack zone. Finishers are advised to blow out the defect cavity itself as much as possible, which will stop its further spread. In the process of grinding plaster with jointing cracks, a chisel with a hammer is used to remove old finish and construction vacuum cleaner to purge the fracture. The rest of the operation is performed according to the standard scheme for laying the solution.

Features of outdoor work

Repair of the facade coating has its own specifics, for which the following amendments are made:

The solution must be made on a composition intended for outdoor use. In particular, the silicate filler will allow you to perform high-quality grinding facade plaster. What does this mean in terms of operational impact? At a minimum, protection from precipitation will be provided with the strengthening of the structure of the problematic coverage area.
Plaster must not be applied to a dirty surface. To clean the facades, a special sink is used under high pressure.
Termination is carried out with a mandatory preliminary primer in 2-3 thin layers. At the final stage, the leveling of the plaster can be done with a waterproof sealant.

Conclusion

As a repair and restoration operation, grinding allows you to preserve the overall structure of the base coat for some time, but you should not overestimate it. The heterogeneity of the structure of the finish itself creates favorable conditions for the future formation of new cracks. Therefore, experts use the concept of temporary grinding of plaster. What does it mean? Repair of damages and defects of the coating is carried out only on certain period to the nearest overhaul. Otherwise, there is a risk to detect signs of the same cracks in the place of grinding through a new decorative finish already in the first months after work.

What is the grinding of plaster, almost every master finisher knows. But those who are faced with the issue of restoring the finish for the first time will have to study this issue more carefully. And our article will be focused primarily on beginners, although experienced professionals will be able to find something useful in it.

Preparatory work

Surface pre-cleaning

Grinding plaster is the process of restoring the leveling layer without dismantling it. In other words, during grinding, we simply cover up the cracks and cracks that have formed over time with a new layer of mortar, while trying to make it as thin as possible. Subject to compliance with all the rules for the performance of work, this technology makes it possible to extend the service life of the coating for several more years.

The success of recovery depends on how accurately all operations are implemented. That's why virtually every instruction begins with a description of the preparation.

He will not make an exception, and we will tell you how to properly prepare the surface for restoration:

The main problem for the plaster layer are cracks. In order for the solution that is used for restoration to penetrate into them as deeply as possible, the cracks must be expanded.
To do this, use a strong sharp knife with a straight blade, or a special one. Using a knife, we cut off the edges of the crack at 45 0, and we do this so that a small depression forms under the surface.

The depth of the cut depends on the condition of the surface: small defects can be embroidered by 10-15 mm, but old and large cracks are deepened to the full thickness of the plaster layer.
After jointing, all cavities are cleaned of dust and moistened with plenty of water.

Advice! Instead of water, you can use a penetrating primer, but the price of work in this case, of course, will increase.

In parallel with the jointing of cracks, we prepare the gaps between the wall and the baguette (plinth). We clean the gap with a knife or spatula, picking out debris and fragments of plaster from there. The cavity must be moistened or treated with a primer.
Remove rust stains by cutting plaster mixture to the base. If the stain has a low intensity, the plaster can be left, but the area must be sanded for further leveling.

Defect repair

After all the cracks are embroidered, and the seams are cleaned, you can proceed with the repair work:

We fill large recesses with a thick repair compound. In this case, the solution is pressed into the crack with force so that no cavities remain inside.

Thin cracks can be filled with grout. However, it is much more convenient to use acrylic for this purpose, which retains elasticity after drying.
Instead of acrylic, a mixture of 2 parts of chalk with 1 part of gypsum can be used to eliminate minor defects.

Advice! If a gypsum repair compound is used, then a primer over the leveled layer is mandatory.

We also fill the gap between the wall and the baseboard with mortar, driving it inward with a spatula. In order not to damage the molding material, we cover it with polyethylene or seal it with masking tape.
It is also necessary to take care of the contact points of the plaster layer and communications, for example, ventilation ducts and metal pipes. To avoid re-formation of cracks, cover all gaps with acrylic sealant.

When the composition used to eliminate defects polymerizes, grinding can begin.

Performing grinding

Making a solution

As a rule, the restoration of the plaster layer is carried out using the same compositions that were used when leveling the wall. As for the grinding mixture itself, it must necessarily include sand. Sifted, with a grain size of not more than 1 mm, is best suited.

The solution is prepared in the following proportions:

Lime dough - 1 part.
Sifted sand - 1 part.
Water - until the consistency of thick sour cream is reached.

Note! If it is necessary to rub large area, then it is better to prepare the solution in several portions. The thing is that the resulting composition can seize, and then the quality of the restored surface will be significantly lower than when using a fresh mixture.

Recovery procedure

Do-it-yourself grinding of the plaster layer is carried out according to the following algorithm:

We use for work. To improve the quality of the surface, you can use a pad of thick felt or felt.

Before starting work, we moisten the wall on an area of \u200b\u200babout two square meters.
The solution prepared according to the above scheme is collected on a grater and applied to the surface to be leveled. For best quality processing, the application is carried out in a checkerboard pattern, with an interval between strokes of 15-20 cm.
Re-moisten the surface using a spray bottle or a rag moistened with water.
Having installed the grater with a plane on the wall, rub the surface in a circular motion. In this case, it is necessary to evenly distribute the solution over the entire area, trying to achieve the most even layer.

Advice! If in some areas the old plaster is exposed during the work, add a small amount of grinding mixture there.

We carry out grouting until all sections are leveled. At the same time, we make sure that in the process of work we do not damage ceiling moldings, polished skirting boards, etc.
Since the applied layer has minimum thickness, it must be dried carefully, and only in natural conditions. During the drying process, the surface should be protected from mechanical influences, drafts and temperature changes.

After drying, surface defects are eliminated by grinding. Small build-ups and accumulations of sand grains can be cleaned off with a hard wooden block or a brick, and then wipe this place with fine sandpaper.

Conclusion

The technology given in the article allows you to restore the plaster layer of facades and interiors with minimal cost finance and time. Naturally, it can be realized only if the plaster layer is sufficiently different, and only redecorating ().

If you plan to try this technique in practice, we recommend that you watch the video in this article before starting work.