The main question of gardeners: how to plant potatoes? Planting potatoes the right way

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planting material

​Superelite​

The best option is to plant potatoes with an indent of 90 cm between rows. In this case, hilling is easier and the tops work better for the harvest. Keep in mind that what planting material the larger, the less often you need to land. Whatever planting scheme you choose, you need to plant potato tubers at the same depth, planting in even rows, leaving a layer of loose soil under the tubers. All this contributes to the creation optimal mode for plant growth.​

Germination of potatoes should begin about 20-30 days before planting. Before germination, the tubers must be washed in a solution of potassium permanganate. Then the planting material is laid out in one (maximum two) layers in boxes. Boxes must be kept at a temperature of 20–22 ° C in a bright place, avoiding direct sunlight on potato tubers. Usually, potatoes begin to germinate in the dark, so long, weak sprouts appear that can easily break off during planting. Ideally, the sprouts should be green, strong and have a length of no more than one - one and a half centimeters. After two or three weeks, boxes with seed potatoes can be moved to a cooler place with an air temperature of about 10–14 ° C, for example, to a glazed balcony.​

Video "Rational planting potatoes"

Soil preparation and site

It seems that there is nothing easier, and all gardeners and summer residents already know how to plant potatoes. There is a lot of useful information about planting potatoes on the Internet, great amount magazines and books have devoted an uncountable number of articles to this topic. Nevertheless, starting to plant potatoes on your own, you constantly discover something completely new and unexpected. Experience in planting potatoes is accumulated by summer residents after each successful (or not very successful) harvest. Over time, not only the methods of planting and caring for potatoes are improved, but also the methods of tillage. One of these methods is the use of a walk-behind tractor, which will make it easier to grow potatoes.​

Thirdly, it is important to correctly determine the readiness of the soil. Ideally, if it is warmed up by 10 cm, birch leaves usually bloom at this time. The optimal planting depth is 9-10 cm, the beds should be located from north to south.
Potatoes should be planted in a sunny and open area. This crop should not be planted in the shade, as well as in lowlands, where there is a high probability of stagnant water and fog formation.

A prerequisite for obtaining a good harvest is crop rotation.

​From the video you will learn which methods are most common when planting potatoes, and which ones bring the most profitable results.​
When choosing potato varieties for your backyard, pay attention to the timing of their planting and ripening. Some gardeners believe that planting vegetable crop follows as early as possible, others insist on later dates. Even experts are not able to name a specific planting date, since the recommended dates vary depending on the area. But even in the same region, planting potatoes can be different years carried out not on the same day - a lot depends on weather conditions.​

landing technique

It would seem that all experienced and even beginner gardeners know how to plant potatoes correctly. But each time, carrying out this responsible process, you can learn a lot of new things for yourself. In order to get a high-quality and rich potato harvest, all the nuances should be foreseen and taken into account - take care of the availability of good planting material, prepare the soil and the planting site, and be sure to follow all the points of the vegetable planting technique.

​ – small size tubers that are a first year crop grown from super super elite tubers.​

If you wish, when planting potatoes, you can make a separate hole for each tuber and fill it with fertilizer, ash and humus, and only then lower the potato there. After laying the tubers, the holes are covered with earth, leveling it with a rake.

During germination, potato tubers need to be moistened by periodically turning over and spraying them. Tubers need to be sprayed every other day. For spraying, plain water, ash solution and mineral fertilizers. This alternation of spraying reduces the risk of potato disease, stimulates its growth. The solution must be prepared immediately before spraying.

I think it's no secret to anyone that the fundamental factor excellent harvest potato is what seeds are used when planting it. And you need to start harvesting seeds in the fall, during harvesting. Why in autumn? Autumn for selection

Video "Methods of planting potatoes"

With it, you can greatly facilitate and speed up the laborious process of planting potatoes. Today it is used even in small summer cottages.

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How to plant potatoes correctly

And finally. If you have in stock a large number of time, you can fill each hole with ash and fertilizer. Knowing how to plant potatoes correctly, you may spend a little more time on it, but the harvest will be more plentiful and early.​

When planting potatoes in areas with closely spaced groundwater, tubers should be planted on ridges. If the landing is carried out in a dry area, then it should be planted in trenches.

How to get a rich harvest?

Potatoes are best planted in places where previous year legumes, cucumbers, zucchini or squash, pumpkin, cabbage or onions grew. But in place of potatoes next year, it is better to plant pumpkin crops, that is, pumpkin, zucchini or cucumbers.

Any plant requires a thorough study of its growing conditions and care methods. It is logical that by spending effort on its cultivation, we do not want to get wilted sprouts, but strong, strong seedlings, developed plants that can then give a decent harvest.

Folk signs suggest gardeners to plant a vegetable crop when buds appear and bloom on a birch, and leaves on poplars. You can also use the rule of "three tens" - according to it, in middle lane you can plant potatoes when at night the temperature stays at 10 degrees for a couple of days, the soil in the area at a depth of 10 cm will warm up to 10 degrees. Planting dates also depend on the variety of potatoes - they distinguish early ripe varieties(harvest can be harvested after 50 - 65 days), mid-ripening (harvest should be expected in 80 - 95 days), late-ripening (they will please you with a harvest only after 110 or more days).​

So, we have already decided that any summer resident accumulates experience in planting potatoes as each harvest is successfully harvested by him. First an important factor that directly affects the achievement of the result is the choice good material for landing. Seeds should be harvested already when the autumn harvest is carried out. Planting material is advised to take from those bushes that gave maximum amount harvest. In order to harvest planting material, it is recommended to choose tubers, the size of which is about 4–5 cm, but larger potatoes can be selected for planting. As practice shows, if you plant potatoes from large tubers, then it is able to ripen earlier and produce more root crops in a season.

Elite

Many gardeners after a lean year have to cut potatoes before planting in order to reduce seed consumption. Doing this is highly discouraged. By cutting just one diseased tuber, with the same knife you will infect several more potatoes. In this case, do not be surprised why then you will not have a crop. If you still have to cut seed potatoes, then do not forget to at least periodically disinfect the knife by dipping it in a concentrated solution of manganese or in a 5% solution blue vitriol. Another nuance is that the tuber must be cut not across, but along. After all, the highest quality sprouts appear on the so-called top of the tuber. By cutting the potato across, you will get two unequal halves, one of which will give good sprouts, while the second, on which there are no top “eyes” at all, can germinate much later.

A good place to grow potatoes is a greenhouse. Spread the potatoes on a straw bed and cover with plastic wrap. So you provide him with warmth, light and sufficient humidity - excellent conditions for the emergence of sprouts.

We plant correctly

seed potatoes

Using a walk-behind tractor in the process of planting potatoes is convenient and simple:

• ​Following simple rules potato care, you will provide yourself with a good harvest.​
• Should you cut a potato? This is the right of choice for every gardener. Some believe that if the tuber is cut, it will lose a large amount nutrients. In fact, this is not so, because in each potato there is a so-called “top”, in which all the strongest sprouts are concentrated. Therefore, you can save planting material, while saving some of the potatoes for food.​
• Two weeks before planting, bring planting material into warm room with good lighting. So by the time of planting, sprouts will appear on the tubers. Before planting, it is necessary to disinfect the tubers, for which the potatoes should be placed in a solution boric acid. Keep the tubers in the solution for at least half an hour. This will prevent the development of pests that can ruin the crop. You can also increase the yield by soaking the planting material in diluted manure. To get a good result in this solution, potatoes should be left for two days.
• Many gardeners, despite the rather laborious process of caring for potatoes, still prefer to grow it on their own. Purchased potatoes, cultivated in industrial scale, in most cases does not taste good, unlike home-grown potatoes.​

If you believe lunar calendar, landing can be planned during the third lunar phase, that is, within 3 to 5 days after the onset of the full moon.​

Some gardeners traditionally prefer to plant potatoes that must first be cut, or use germinated eyes for this purpose. Experts say that if you cut the root crop, and then dry it in the sun and powder the cut with ash, you can achieve a good effect. But in order to pre-cut the potatoes and then dry them, there must be warm weather. In the event that after planting the weather is cold and with precipitation, it may very well turn out that the potatoes that you decide to pre-cut in order to obtain planting material will simply rot. But experienced gardeners they still prefer to cut the tubers, because most often when planting a crop, they still germinate and give good harvest. In any case, it is up to you to decide whether or not to cut the tubers before planting.

Cut or not?

- These are planting tubers, which are the second year crop obtained from super elite potatoes. They are considered the most productive. It is they who are recommended to be used for landing.

It is best to plant potatoes the size of a chicken egg. The smaller the planting material, the weaker the bush will grow out of it, respectively, there will be less harvest on it. So why not plant the largest tubers, because they have a much larger supply of nutrients? Yes, but this will not lead to a significant increase in yield, and the consumption of planting material will increase significantly. So it's best to stop at the golden mean.​

Before planting, potatoes must first be pickled, thereby protecting them from the effects of an aggressive soil environment. At the same time, after processing potatoes with special dressing preparations, a long-term effect is formed on the seed material. protective film. Almost no one, by the way, does this, and then all gardeners unanimously complain about various infectious troubles. There is no need to be afraid of these "chemicals", they are not absorbed into the plants. For pickling, a solution of 20 g of boric acid in 10 liters of water is used. Tubers in baskets or nets are immersed in the solution for a few seconds, and then dried.

Seedling Care

is the most successful period. Potato planting material should be taken from bushes that have given best harvest. The size of tubers for planting material should be at least 4–5 centimeters. It has been noticed that the larger the planting potato tubers, the earlier it will ripen, and the yield from each individual bush will be higher.

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Be sure to know how to plant potatoes

To make the first furrow even, draw a line on the ground with a stretched cord and draw a walk-behind tractor along it. If this is not done, both the first and the remaining furrows may turn out to be uneven.

How to plant potatoes

• A week after planting, start loosening the soil: this will destroy the weeds and give the necessary oxygen access. When the height of the tops reaches 15 cm, you need to spud the bushes for the first time, after another two weeks - the second.
• The negative point of cutting the tubers is the high probability of infection of healthy potatoes. This can significantly reduce the yield. Therefore, if you cut off a spoiled part of a potato, periodically disinfect the knife in a solution of potassium permanganate or copper sulfate.
• How to plant potatoes:

In order to get a rich harvest of tubers, you need to know how to plant potatoes correctly. Heed the following tips:​

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How to plant potatoes? Secrets of growing under straw and using a walk-behind tractor

How to grow potatoes the right way?

Proper planting of potatoes today is not just the process of burying root crops in prepared soil. The depth of planting potatoes depends on the type of soil, humidity, quality of planting material. The general requirements for planting are as follows - for marking the beds, markings should be made using a rake with three teeth located 80 cm apart - this will be the distance between the beds. The interval between the bushes can be measured by the length of the leg. Potatoes need to be planted at a depth of half a palm. Approximately 20 - 25 kg are planted per 100 meters of square tubers of medium size.

The tubers should be taken out of storage in mid-March, dipped in a solution of potassium permanganate and laid out in boxes for germination. They need to be kept at a temperature of 20 - 22 degrees, and after a couple of weeks they should be transferred to a colder place. The tubers need to be moistened, turned over and sprayed - with water, ash solution and mineral fertilizers, which alternate.

​Next are the categories of seed potatoes grown from elite tubers: first reproduction, second, etc. All these categories also give a good harvest, but they accumulate more and more various diseases from year to year. Potatoes after the third reproduction are only suitable for eating.

Planting potatoes, as we have already said, must be selected in the fall, and from the most powerful bushes marked in advance with pegs. If you listen to this council and you will select not the best tubers for planting, but tubers best plants, then for many years you will not need to buy seed potatoes, while the crop will remain stable. If the yield becomes worse over time, then you need to buy new planting material. It is recommended to renew seed potatoes at least partially every five years.​

Very often summer residents have to deal with a situation where the planting potatoes are already ready, but due to the late spring it is not possible to prepare the soil for planting. In order to save the planting material, in this case, you can put the potatoes in grooves prepared in advance, filling it with humus, sawdust or ordinary earth. For insurance, you can cover the groove with a film. The tubers in such a groove will lie without problems for 1-2 weeks, after which it will be possible to plant them in a permanent place.

Potatoes under the straw

Some summer residents also plant sprouted seed eyes or chopped potatoes. Indeed, cut potatoes after a short drying in the sun and dusting with cut ash can give a very good harvest. Only for this you need ideal wet and warm weather. But if after planting the weather is rainy or cold, then it is likely that the cut potatoes will rot without sprouting, or giving very weak sprouts.

Then manually lay the tubers in the furrow at a distance of about 20 cm from each other, and also with the help of a walk-behind tractor, the furrow with potatoes is filled up. And by connecting a potato planter to the walk-behind tractor, you will completely save yourself from manual labor when landing.​

We use a walk-behind tractor together with shovels

To grow potatoes, achieve at the same time high yield, swipe root dressing. It can be prepared, for example, from nettles: 10 kg of nettles will be needed for 100 liters of water. The mixture is infused for about five days. Before use, the composition must be stirred and used in the amount of 1 liter per bush.

If you plan to cut the tuber and plant both halves, then you should cut along. Otherwise, you will separate the "top" of the potato, which will bring you a harvest in the future, and the second half will either give a small number of tubers or will not bear fruit at all.

Arrange the ridges in the direction from north to south and plant the tubers according to the 80x35 scheme to a depth of about 10 cm;

• - it is best to plant potatoes at a time when the soil temperature at a depth of about 10 cm will not be lower than +8 ... +9 degrees. As a rule, the optimal time for planting is last days April - early May. If you plant potatoes in cold earth, then the culture will spend a lot of energy on germination;

• When shoots appear, they need to be sprinkled with earth three times as they grow - to get a powerful root system. There are three main options - smooth landing, in ridges and in trenches.​

To plant potatoes, the soil also begins to be prepared in the fall. The tops remaining from the dug out root crops should be removed from the site. To prevent pests from overwintering in it, it is recommended to burn the tops. The soil must be dug up and plowed up, while the depth should be on the bayonet of a shovel.

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How to plant potatoes and get the highest potato yield?

You need to plant potatoes correctly - then the result will be!

The same potato variety should not be grown for more than 3-4 years, or it is necessary to update all planting material after this period of time. ​Before you buy potatoes for planting, you should have an idea of ​​what you are buying.​ We have already talked about how to plant potatoes with a walk-behind tractor, so today we will consider some general principles to be followed when planting potatoes.

The best soil for growing potatoes are sandy loam, light and medium loam; cultivated and fertilized soddy-podzolic and gray forest soils, as well as drained peatlands.​

Quality potato seeds are the key to a good harvest!

​Usage modern methods planting potatoes will facilitate your work on the site and allow you to minimal cost grow a delicious crop. You can use an infusion of cow or bird droppings, they should water the ground near the bushes, preventing it from falling on the foliage. An obligatory moment in the care of potato seedlings is the hilling of the bushes. The change in day and night temperatures can be quite abrupt, which adversely affects the root system of potatoes and may adversely affect the yield. Therefore, ascended potato bushes need to be hilled up so that only the crown of 2-3 cm remains on the surface.

Under each tuber, you can additionally pour fertilizer, wood ash and humus;

Getting ready to plant potatoes

Soil and its preparation

Not every potato is suitable for planting. Planting material should have small eyes, while the potato should be medium in size and should not be soft (sluggish). In order for the crop yield to increase, you need to pay attention to which varieties grow best on a particular type of soil. Tubers from those bushes that gave the maximum yield this year are best selected for planting next season;

​Smooth or landing traditional method“under a shovel” involves raising a layer of soil with a shovel, laying tubers, which you previously decided to cut or not, into a prepared hole, and then covering it with a layer of earth from above. This planting technique is well suited if the area is flat, the water does not stagnate on it, the sun's rays warm up and illuminate the ground perfectly, and you have helpers - planting alone in this way is quite difficult.

Large clods do not need to be crushed so that the earth can breathe. If the soil has not been fertilized for a long time, they use the well-known cow dung - it is also humus. Phosphorus-potassium fertilizers have proven themselves well, which must be scattered over the site before digging it up. If the site is located in a lowland, you need to do drainage grooves so that water leaves the garden.

How to prepare seed potatoes for planting?

Before buying planting potatoes, be sure to ask the seller for quarantine and varietal certificates. In no case do not buy potatoes in the absence of such a document. Buying a pig in a poke, you run the risk of bringing serious pests and dangerous infections to your site. So, for example, to Perm region such a quarantine object as a potato moth comes very close. And the potato moth is many times more serious than the wireworm familiar to all of us, since it eats away the entire tuber, which leads to a complete loss of the crop.

There are the following categories of seed potatoes: super-superelite, superelite, elite, tubers of the first, second and third reproduction. The first three categories of potatoes are grown in nurseries.​

First of all, pay attention to the choice of a place for planting potatoes. The most common mistake most summer residents make is that potatoes are planted for many years in a row in the same beds. But we all know perfectly well that the place needs to be changed periodically. At the same time, in order to obtain a good harvest, it is also necessary to fertilize the soil. If the ground contains a very small amount of sand, then the potatoes will grow poorly. In this case, the earth must be specially loosened with sand in order to ensure the supply of oxygen to the potato tubers.

Not so long ago, people thought that potatoes tolerated hyperacidity soil. It has now been proven that potatoes growing on acidic soils are most susceptible to pests and diseases. Potatoes are in great need of nutrients, especially during tuber formation.

Potato is a very tasty root vegetable grown in all gardens of the country. But before you get big harvest, you need to spend a lot of time and effort on planting potatoes. It's about that

Potatoes are ready for planting, but the ground has not yet warmed up - what should I do?

The formation of tubers can be accelerated as follows: during the flowering period, if the planting area is large, scatter dry fertilizers over the area or, if the area is small, add a glass of humus under each bush.

It's time to plant potatoes...

How and when to plant potatoes?

Everyone is sure that planting potatoes is the most elementary activity on suburban area. But it is not so. In fact, not everyone knows how to plant potatoes correctly. In this case, as in any other, there are nuances. About them - a little lower.

cover with a layer of earth or sawdust;

​- good results can be achieved if you plant potatoes from another region, or at least exchange planting material with a neighbor;

With a high level of groundwater and in waterlogged areas, it is better to choose planting in ridges. With the help of a hoe or a tractor, ridges are made about 15 cm high at a distance of 70 cm, into which the tubers are then planted. You can also plant potatoes in trenches - in areas with a hot climate, on sandy and dry sandy soils. It’s like ridges on the contrary - they need to be deepened into the soil in order to protect them from drying out and overheating.

With the onset of spring, when the soil warms up well, the entire area should be dug up again. Only this time, one should not neglect the grinding of clods of earth, as well as the removal of weed roots. Fertilizers that are on the surface should be dug in. After that, you need to level the soil so that it does not have time to dry out. The presence of sand is necessary in the soil, then the root crop will grow and develop better. The beds should be placed in a north-south direction, and the seeds should not be lowered to a depth of more than 10 cm.

Do not forget to properly fertilize the soil before planting and periodically process potatoes from Colorado potato beetles, since there are plenty of funds for this now!

How to cut potatoes for planting

​Super-superelite​

What should be the planting potatoes?

The most suitable period for planting potatoes is around the time when leaves begin to bloom on birch trees. At this time, the soil should warm up at a depth of about ten centimeters to 9°C. By the way, there is also a popular sign, according to which you need to start planting potatoes when birch leaves become the size of a penny coin.

Start preparing the soil for planting potatoes on next year follows at the end of this summer. Fertilizers are applied for digging: 13 g / m² of ammonium nitrate or 10 g / m² of urea, 10–13 g / m² of 30–40% potassium salt, 15 g / m² of double granulated superphosphate.​

How to choose seed potatoes in retail outlets?

how to plant potatoes

Harvesting requires the owner to invest enough labor in his plot. However, there is another way to grow potatoes: it is suitable for those who do not have enough time for traditional cultivation.​

First, you need to choose the right seeds for planting. This is a guarantee of a good harvest in the future. Since autumn, it is recommended to select the highest quality tubers for subsequent planting. Level the soil with a rake.

- Potatoes of different varieties should be planted, and they should have different term maturation. This contributes to long-term storage of the crop, since early-ripening varieties usually deteriorate quite quickly. Therefore, first of all, you need to eat early potatoes, and later ones can be stored for the winter. unusual ways potato planting refers equipment under straw - when the tubers are laid out on the site and covered with straw, and as the tops grow, they add it to the rows and spud as in traditional planting; the technique of planting in boxes on organic matter - they build ridges-containers in which tubers are placed in organic raw materials and planted; planting in barrels - fertile soil is placed in a container with drainage holes with a layer of about 15 - 20 cm, potatoes are laid and sprinkled with soil.

When to plant Well, now you know how to choose the right planting material and plant potatoes in your area.

is a top-class seed material grown from microtubers. It contains all characteristics of the variety and is free from different kind viral diseases.

Potatoes should be planted at a depth of 8-10cm, while the beds should be located from north to south, the recommended planting pattern is 80x35cm. You can plant potatoes more often according to the 60x60cm scheme, however, in this case, the stems will interfere with each other's growth. Densely planted plants are not blown enough, which increases the likelihood of late blight. In this case, high-quality hilling will not work, so many tubers will turn out to be green, and such potatoes are not suitable for food.

​Seed potato tubers selected for planting must be without fail landscaping in a bright place (under various canopies, in the shade of trees) so that corned beef poison is developed inside the tuber, which allows potato tuber persist for a long time. At the same time, direct sunlight should be avoided on the tubers. We have already considered the issue of proper harvesting and storage of potatoes, so we will not repeat ourselves.

, We will talk in our today's article.

The “under the straw” method is as follows: sprouted tubers are laid out on undug soil and covered with a layer of straw (about 20-30 cm), cut weeds or leaves are also suitable for this. No more work is required until autumn: a layer of plant residues retains moisture well and protects from heat. The grown crop is harvested in the fall, when the tops begin to dry out: the straw layer is removed and the tubers are harvested.

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Secondly, do not forget to prepare the tubers for planting. They must be warmed up after being removed from storage. It is desirable to germinate tubers. The start of preparation should occur in late March - early April. During the germination period, provide the tubers with moisture and light mineralization with ordinary ash and mineral fertilizers.​

The best time to plant potatoes How to plant an aster for seedlings

Plot for growing potatoes choose in advance, taking into account the crop rotation and with a high agricultural background. Be sure to alternate crops: potatoes should return to their original place no earlier than 3-4 years, which gives the release of the soil from pathogens of many fungal and bacterial diseases.

Preparing to plant potatoes

The best precursors for potatoes are leguminous crops (beans, peas, etc.), cereals (for example, winter rye grown as green manure), beets, and virgin soil (in the latter case, wireworm is possible). Crops such as cabbage, carrots, peppers, cucumbers, tomatoes are undesirable, as they are affected by the same diseases as potatoes (soft rot and late blight).

Some gardeners, in order to obtain a very early harvest of tubers, specially select a well-heated piece of land from which the snow melted early.

High-quality preparation of tubers and timely planting of potatoes largely determine the future harvest of this crop. The best option for planting, when the soil of the site has been dug up since autumn, with the incorporation of a full norm of manure (up to 10 kg per sq.m). On heavy soils, you can also apply 2/3 in autumn phosphorus-potassium fertilizers- superphosphate (it will dissolve for a long time even in wet soil), potassium chloride (so that chlorine, which is undesirable for potatoes, is washed out).

If in the autumn digging was carried out on a shovel bayonet, then in the spring it is done at 1/2-3/4 of the previous depth, so as not to turn the weed seeds planted to the depth back to the soil surface. Mineral nitrogen and 1/3 of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are applied for spring digging of the site or during planting. On light soils, it is preferable to apply both organic and mineral fertilizers in the spring. It is advisable to use both mineral and organic fertilizers for planting.

The soil is prepared as it matures, when it warms up to +6 ... + 8 ° С at a planting depth, and a lump thrown from a shovel will crumble. When digging, carefully choose the rhizomes of weeds (especially perennials - wheatgrass, which is a favorite "dish" for the larvae of beetles - click beetles, pink thistle and thistle field) and wireworm larvae, remove stones.

The dug-up earth is left for 1-3 days (depending on weather conditions) to “breathe” so that the layer of earth turned outward is “warmed up” before planting, but it should not be allowed to dry out seriously so that the moisture necessary for the initial germination of tubers does not evaporate. The prepared soil should be loose (finely cloddy), well permeable to water, air and heat in order to create tubers during the first growing season. optimal conditions for rapid development powerful root system and above-ground mass.

So that the potatoes do not fall into the cold soil, it can be covered with a black film for heating. It can also be covered for a week and an already planted area. Furrows are placed from north to south.

Planting tubers

When planting at an earlier date with well-sprouted material, the tubers are covered by 4-5 cm so that the potatoes do not fall into unheated soil. During normal planting, the depth of planting potatoes in the soil is 7-8 cm - the distance from the top of the tuber to the soil surface is considered, and on light (sandy and sandy) soils it is increased to 8-10 cm. Small tubers are planted to a depth of 4-5 cm The distance between rows is 70 cm, in a row - 30 cm. If the variety is characterized by large tubers, but it is necessary to obtain a sufficient amount of seed material for future planting, the distance between the tubers is reduced to 20 cm.

for effective breeding interesting variety potatoes can be strong greened sprouts of tubers ( better size 7-8cm) plant in open ground(in well-fertilized soil) with a slope of 30 degrees to the soil surface, leaving their top 1-2 cm long above the soil. They are shaded from direct sunlight for 3-5 days (you can make a small frame - wire arcs and cover plastic wrap) and irrigate with plenty of water.

Planting potatoes in open ground seedlings do when the possibility of damage to it by recurrent cold weather is excluded. Such small plants immediately begin vegetation and quickly adapt after planting to field conditions. Bushes grown from cuttings form up to 3-5 tubers with a total weight of up to 0.5 kg, and contain a significantly lower amount of bacterial and viral infection than the crop obtained from whole tubers.

It should also be mentioned planting potatoes in segments (division) of the tuber, but, in my opinion, it is better to avoid this, as the tubers are seriously injured). Before planting, large tubers are divided into 3-5 parts so that at least 2 buds or sprouts remain on each piece. The cut points are dusted with ash and dried in the shade until a crust forms. After cutting each tuber, the knife should be disinfected in a strong solution of potassium permanganate to avoid the possible transfer of bacterial and fungal infections.

However, in some cases, it is still not possible to avoid rotting of the tuber cut before planting or in the soil. But it is still better not to use cut tubers as planting material - such potatoes are more affected by diseases and damaged by pests, it is even preferable to plant them with sprouts.

Potato varieties

Now the trading network offers for sale to the population at least 60-65 varieties, including Dutch, Finnish, Polish, German and others, as well as Belarusian and Ukrainian selection. By the way, according to Leningrad experts, most Dutch varieties are very strongly affected by late blight, Finnish varieties show very weak resistance to this disease (it’s not for nothing that the Finns “bought” the Nevsky variety from us for breeding), and German ones are clearly inferior to Russian ones. By the way, domestic experts believe that the offensive of foreign varieties on the domestic market has the character of aggressive expansion, and the entrepreneurship of exporting farmers is actively encouraged by their governments, while no one supports our producers.

The gardener should use 4-5 varieties for planting (two of them must be nematode-resistant), preferably zoned and of different early maturity. If several tubers are purchased especially valuable variety for reproduction, I advise them to plant in a separate place.

Tubers for planting should be 30-50 mm in diameter, of high varietal purity and germination, recovered from viral and bacterial infection. The tubers must be warmed up or vernalized, they are planted with well-formed eyes, with short and strong sprouts.

To obtain food and seed batches of the crop, the planting density of potatoes and the subsequent stalk are calculated. To do this, tubers are selected for planting, on which at least five eyes have sprouted, which means that five main stems will develop.

For a full harvest row spacing for early - mid-season varieties recommended 65-70 cm (for late 75-80 cm) with a distance between tubers of 30 cm, i.e. 450-500 tubers per 100 m2. For the sake of insignificant land savings, row spacings of 45-50 cm should not be made too narrow: this makes it difficult to hill up loose soil, and developing roots are pruned during hilling, as a result of this, plants lag behind in growth and development, form a crop later and weaker. In addition, due to lack of soil, the tubers are exposed and green, which is unacceptable when obtaining ware potatoes.

You should not use random or your own low-quality (degenerated due to many years of use) potatoes for planting. It is better to purchase planting material of high reproduction or use tubers from the autumn single selection.

Since the majority of Russians are forced to meet their needs for potatoes by planting on their plot, it is possible to approximately determine the area under potatoes and calculate the future "theoretical" harvest (at the same time, serious planting care during the growing season and pest and disease control are required). Depending on personal needs, 2-4 acres are allocated for potatoes on their plot, and sometimes up to 10-20 acres or more. In principle, a family of 3-4 people needs about 500 kg of potatoes per year. This is taking into account the stock of seed stock for the next year (with an average yield of 120-180 kg per hundred square meters).

It must also be taken into account that potato - photophilous plant , which is not planted between perennials fruit trees to get a fairly full-bodied crop. You can try to approximately calculate the potential harvest needed by the family, which can be obtained from 1-1.5 acres and even from fifty. High-quality (elite) planting material productive variety allows you to get a crop of 4-8 centners per hundred square meters or more. Even when growing potatoes on sandy soils with a good agricultural background, but using a virus-free, elite, well-vernalized material, you can get 500 kg or more from a hundred square meters. When calculating the needs of mineral fertilizers, you should know that 500 kg of tubers "take out" 2.5-3 kg of nitrogen, 3.5-5 kg ​​of potassium, 1 kg of phosphorus from the soil.

If you are planning to get early harvest potatoes, it is preferable to use early varieties culture than early planting. It has been verified by experiments and practice that potatoes planted in an unheated soil sit in it for a long time without signs of development, then slowly germinate, and its sprouts are more often affected by rhizoctoniosis (the tips of the sprouts turn black and often die without leaving the soil surface). Often potatoes planted much later than this overtake early plantings.

To early varieties include the varieties Zhavoronok, Priekulsky early, Belarusian early, Zhukovsky early, Isora, Spring, White spring, Bullfinch, dutch varieties: Fresco, Latona, and to the middle early ones - Detskoselsky, Elizabeth, Nevsky, Reserve, Svitanok Kyiv, Rozhdestvensky, from foreign ones - Adretta, Romano, Sante, Nikita, Lisetta and others.

For enthusiastic potato growers who want to get second potato harvest(two-yielding culture) on the same area, early and medium-early varieties are better suited, in which the receipt of marketable tubers (economic precocity) is 55-65 and 65-80 days, respectively. Then, when planting potatoes, the row spacing is 80 cm, the distance between the tubers is 30 cm. When the plants reach the beginning of flowering and the second (last) hilling is carried out, rows of tubers of the second crop are planted in the middle of the row spacing. When harvesting potatoes spring planting at the same time spud plants of the second planting period.

According to the folk calendar, the optimal end date for planting potatoes is the formation of a full leaf of poplar.

But fight against colorado potato beetle it is advisable to start from the end of April - the beginning of May, i.e. long before planting potatoes. In the area where they are going to place potatoes, pre-sprouted tubers are planted. Overwintered hungry beetles greedily pounce on young shoots - they are easy to collect and destroy. Before and after planting potatoes, you can spread out (in low containers, on the bottom of which a little water is poured) potato peelings or tubers cut into pieces along the potato beds. Being highly sensitive to the smell of freshly cut potatoes, nearby beetles fly and gather in this container, from which they are then selected and destroyed.

A. Lazarev, candidate biological sciences, Senior Researcher, All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Pushkin - St. Petersburg

The first questions that arise when growing potatoes are: how to plant potatoes correctly, what is the time for planting potatoes, where is it better to plant them and how to prepare the soil for planting them. In this chapter you will find the answers to them.

Planting dates for potatoes.

Potatoes prepared for planting after vernalization can be planted starting from the third decade of April. A reference point for planting time can be blossoming birch leaves. At this time, early varieties of potatoes are planted. In the first decade of May, mid-season, mid-late and late varieties potatoes. This usually coincides with the flowering of the bird cherry. In exceptional cases, it is allowed to plant potatoes in the second and even in the third decade of May. Plant potatoes only in warm soil. This is one of the ingredients for a future good harvest. For early dates planting, it is recommended to preliminarily keep the soil under the film for several days so that it warms up deeper.

Soil for potatoes.

Potatoes prefer sandy and loamy soils. The soil structure should be loose. Only on such soils can a good potato crop be obtained. Potato is a crop demanding on soil fertility. Since autumn, the soil intended for planting potatoes is dug up on a spade bayonet and 10 kg of manure or compost and 1 liter of ash per 1 sq. meter. Ash can be replaced with autumn mineral fertilizer, applying it according to the instructions on the package with its obligatory embedding in the soil. Do not use fresh manure when growing potatoes. In the spring, on light sandy soils, additional mineral fertilizers (preferably special ones intended for potatoes) or ash are added for digging. Can be deposited dolomite flour at the rate of 40 g per 1 sq.m. The magnesium contained in it favorably affects the potato crop. For heavy loamy soils, fertilizer applied in the fall is often sufficient.

Where to plant potatoes.

When growing potatoes, be mindful of crop rotation. Do not plant it in the same place or after tomatoes and peppers. These crops share the same diseases that can accumulate in the soil and be transmitted to newly planted plants. If potatoes are grown in the same place from year to year, then after harvesting them for disinfection, sow the soil with some green manure, such as white mustard. Good yields are obtained by growing potatoes after cucumbers, cabbage, legumes or any cruciferous. Choose sunny and sunny conditions for planting potatoes. open spaces. Do not plant potatoes under trees. Refuse to plant it in lowlands, where stagnant water and fogs are possible. If your area is close to ground water, plant potatoes in high ridges. If the area is dry, plant potatoes in trenches.

Read about the potato planting scheme on the next page.

In the photo: Potatoes are planted in holes. A stretched cord will help make the rows with potatoes even. Ashes are poured into the hole with potatoes. it the best fertilizer for potatoes.

It is clear that the quality of the seed material will certainly affect the abundance and quality of the crop itself. This axiom is also true in the case of planting potatoes, which for some time now have been equated in Russia with the second bread. At first glance, it might seem unpretentious plant like a potato does not require special approach to cultivation, but it was not there.

Prepare seeds in the fall

First of all, you need to make it a rule to plant in the spring not the potatoes that were left after the winter, but those specially selected for this purpose since autumn. It is necessary to pay attention already during the digging of potatoes to good bushes with the largest number of even tubers. Surely from this family, even small potatoes will be prolific. To ensure their safety throughout the winter will allow landscaping, which must be achieved not under direct sunbeams, but in partial shade.

The corned beef poison produced in the process will allow the tubers to last longer. If there are few such productive bushes, then I choose the rest of the whole on such a basis as a large number of eyes. It is important that they are located over the entire surface of the tuber.

You can grow potatoes from whole tubers, from cut ones, and even from potato peelings if they still have eyes. As a rule, tubers of medium size or even smaller are selected for planting. But if you plant small potatoes from year to year, then it will gradually degenerate. Experts advise not to get hung up on the size of the potato, but at the same time they recognize that large tubers can produce a much larger yield. But then more seed potatoes will be needed. This is the case when you should seriously think about cutting tubers.

How to properly cut potato tubers

Scientists and practitioners are convinced that from the shares of a tuber grows full harvest potatoes, exceeding the result of planting a medium-sized whole potato. The opinion that cut tubers cannot provide the required amount of nutrients to the future crop has no scientific basis. Any share of the tuber, and very large potatoes can be divided into 3-4 parts, “feels” whole if there are kidneys on it. It is better if there are 2-3 of them.

Although the buds that are in the apical (apical) part germinate first of all in the tuber, and the rest do not show activity, it is not at all necessary to cut the potato lengthwise into 2 parts, dividing the top in half. The physiological characteristics of the potato are such that the rest of the eyes sleep as long as the top dominates. If the apical eyes are cut off, then others will begin to grow.

The only negative in the technology of planting cut potatoes is that in wet weather it can rot faster than a whole one. But for safety, the cut surface can be treated with ash. It is advisable to cut the potatoes in advance, 5 days before planting, and keep them cut up all this time, in boxes, in a warm, ventilated room. It can even be split into two layers. During this time, the cut place will become weathered and coarse, and the sprouts will hatch. For large farms, this method is quite laborious, but on personal plot cutting several buckets will not be a big deal.

Potatoes are famous for their high yields, which makes it possible to survive in today's food shortages. In addition, most food products are far from natural in quality. Therefore, everyone is interested in getting a bountiful harvest, but how to plant potatoes in order to get a good harvest will be discussed in this article.

It is difficult to imagine a person who would not know how potatoes are planted. Moreover, there are many sources of information about this, including on the Internet. The technique of planting this root crop has been written in many books and magazines. In this case, the difference information and find really useful information pretty hard. Often, summer residents gain experience as a result of their approaches, which do not always end successfully.

Quality planting material is the key to success

How to get a good potato harvest in the country, this should be taken care of in the fall. As a rule, immediately after harvesting, the selection of planting potatoes is carried out. Seed potatoes are selected according to a special algorithm: potatoes are selected from the bushes that gave bountiful harvest. At the same time, planting material should have a diameter of 4-5 cm. The use of smaller potatoes is not desirable, since the crop may not ripen, as a result of which the yield of bushes will suffer.

There are many technologies. Some owners plant sprouted potato eyes or potatoes cut into two parts. This approach allows you to have a good harvest, but there is a risk of rotting cut potatoes, especially during rainy periods. Chopped potatoes may not sprout at all or they will, but very weak ones.

Soil preparation

Potatoes prefer light and medium loams, as well as sandy loams. In addition, prepared sod-podzolic and gray forest soils, as well as drained peat bogs, can serve as excellent soil.

More recently, many believed that potatoes grow and develop wonderfully in acidic soils. Recently, scientists have shown that acidic soils contribute to the rapid defeat of potatoes by diseases and pests.

During the formation of tubers, the bushes spend a lot of useful substances.

A vegetable garden is prepared for planting potatoes at the end of this summer. For this, the site is dug up with the introduction the following fertilizers: ammonium nitrate- 13 g per square meter, urea - 10 g per square meter, potassium salt - 10-13 g per square meter, double granulated superphosphate - 15 g per square meter.

Preparing tubers for planting

It is very important to know how to plant potatoes in order to have a good harvest. Harvest next year prepared after the harvest of the current crop. After selecting seed potatoes, they are placed under a canopy in a bright place for landscaping. The tubers will turn green, which will allow the potatoes to continue to survive, thanks to the poison of corned beef. This poison is produced in potatoes by exposure to light.

Somewhere 20-30 days before planting, potatoes begin to germinate. Before this procedure, the tubers can be washed in potassium permanganate. After that, the planting potatoes are laid out in boxes in one or two layers and placed in a bright place with a temperature of +20°C-+22°C. At the same time, the direct rays of the sun should not be allowed to fall on the potatoes. Planting material is mainly germinated in a dark place, after which weak sprouts also appear. In fact, you need strong, green sprouts, no more than 1.5-2 cm long. After 2-3 weeks, the boxes with planting material are moved to a cooler place, with a temperature of no more than + 14 ° C .

In the process of germination, potato tubers are regularly moistened and turned over. This procedure is carried out every other day. Spraying is carried out with ordinary water, ash solution and mineral fertilizer composition in turn. This minimizes the chance of infection of the tubers and also encourages their growth. The mixture is pounded just before use.

A greenhouse is considered an excellent room for sprouting potatoes. In this case, the potatoes are laid out on a bed of straw and covered with plastic wrap. This is an ideal environment for the emergence of young healthy shoots.

Before planting, it is better to pickle the tubers in the composition of boric acid (20 g per 10 liters of water). Seed dressing helps protect tubers from various infections. To do this, the tubers are placed in boats or baskets and immersed in the solution for a short time, after which the potatoes are dried.

The tubers are ready for planting, what's next?

Sometimes, due to late spring, it is not possible to plant potatoes on time, despite the fact that they have sprouted and are ready for planting. The reason can only be the fact that the earth did not have time to warm up. To save planting material, it is placed in grooves prepared in advance in the ground. Potatoes are covered with earth, where they can lie for a couple of weeks without any damage.