How cherries are harvested on an industrial scale. How to make a do-it-yourself cherry picker from a tall tree. What are pullers

The time and effort spent on caring for the garden and the cherries growing in it culminate in a long-awaited and pleasant moment - fruit picking. Choose right time and adaptations for this procedure is as important as timely watering and fertilizing trees.

Choosing the time to collect

Firstly, a lot depends on the ripening period of the fruits of those trees that grow in the garden. Ready to clean first early varieties, such as Chocolate Girl, Shpanka, Youth, Baby, Miracle Cherry and Dessert Frost. You can harvest from them in the second half of June.

Mid-season varieties ripen later, by mid-July, and complete the season cherry trees with a late ripening period - Lyubskaya, Shchedraya and Malinovka. Their fruits are harvested in August.

It should be noted that most cherries have a mid-season harvest. These include Vladimirskaya, Zhukovskaya, Kharitonovskaya, Turgenevka, Morozovka and Griot of Moscow.

If several trees of the same variety grow in the garden, then the fruits will ripen first on those that are located in more sunny places. Harvest is better to start harvesting immediately when it appears ripe cherries, as they can fall off or serve as food for birds.

Those berries that did not have time to ripen are best left on the tree and picked later. With the planned transportation of berries, they are plucked in advance, 2-3 days before full ripeness. It should also be borne in mind that cherries do not ripen after picking, like pears or apples, so you should not pick them too early. Even after lying down for a week or more, the berries will be sour and unripe.

Cleaning is recommended in dry weather, preferably before lunch and after the dew has evaporated, or in the evening, when Sun rays will be less active. In the case of frequent rainfall, the taste of the berries may deteriorate greatly, and the crop will significantly lose quality due to decay caused by high humidity. To prevent loss of harvest, cherries must be harvested quickly and either canned or processed in another way.

It must be borne in mind that watering is completely stopped in 14-20 days in order to preserve the quality of the crop, as the berries will accumulate excess moisture and will quickly deteriorate.

What are the collection methods?

You can harvest cherries in different ways - manually and mechanically. In individual farms, it is mainly used manual way, since there are not so many trees, and you can slowly and carefully remove and prepare the ripened fruits. But even with this method, there are several tricks, the use of which depends on what will happen to the berries next - their use in fresh, processing or transport to another location for later storage. These methods are as follows:

The last method of "milking" is used exclusively in cases where the fruits taken from the tree are planned to be consumed or preserved in the near future, without delay. Cherries harvested by the "milking" method lie no more than 2 days, then they begin to deteriorate. The collection with the cutting or part of it is carried out in order to increase the shelf life and for the subsequent transportation of the fruit to another place.

When cutting with secateurs, the stalk should be left about halfway so that the cherry lasts longer.

When the fruits ripen and it's time to harvest, you will need a number of devices that will help you do this with minimal or no losses. These can be ladders, hooks for pulling branches, fruit pickers, gardening scissors etc. In this case, it is unlikely that it will be possible to do without a ladder, as well as without fruit picking. This is especially true if the cherry trees are vigorous, and it will not be possible to reach the upper branches. Thread gloves will also come in handy, as cherry juice leaves marks on the skin for some time and is difficult to wash off.

Fruit pickers are nets or bowls with long handles. It is better to use them when you need to pick cherries quickly, not expecting to store or transport for a long time. Berries, falling into a net or a bowl of a fruit picker, can be broken or crushed.

Harvest when the cherry ripens, only in dry weather, preferably after the dew has evaporated, as excess moisture will contribute to deformation and crushing of the fruit. It is strongly not recommended to shake the berries from the tree, but lay polyethylene film next to the trunk in any case does not hurt.

They put the collected fruits in baskets or boxes, it is best to store cherries in willow, birch bark containers, which are well ventilated. Berry trays are often used with liners made of cardboard such as Tetra Pak or plastic.

Baskets with burlap inside, the so-called "columns", are also convenient for storing harvested fruits. Narrow and high, they can greatly facilitate the laborious process, as a special hook is attached to the handle, for which they are suspended from the stairs. In "columns" cherries can be stored for up to several days.

Properly harvesting cherry trees is undoubtedly one of the most enjoyable gardening activities, albeit quite stressful. The joy that the work was crowned with success, and the efforts invested in tree care were not in vain, serves worthy reward any owner.

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Caring for a cherry orchard is not an easy task. Planting seedlings, watering, fertilizing, pest and disease control - all this in order to get a high yield. And now comes the time when the cherries sing! This is the culmination of the summer season.

Harvesting

How do amateur gardeners pick cherries? What harvesting device is used by large peasant farms?

The ripening period of cherry fruits is extended in time and depends on the variety and the region where it grows. Cherry sings from the beginning of July to the end of August. If the weather is cold, then the berries may be late in ripening. Early varieties ripen first. Finish the season - late ripening.

Picking berries in the country

Harvesting cherries is a laborious process that requires a lot of time. How to harvest cherries?

The fruits of those trees that get more solar heat and light can ripen earlier. Harvesting should begin as soon as the first fruits ripen. Do not wait for all the berries on the trees to ripen. Harvesting must be done as they mature. Otherwise, overripe fruits will either be pecked by birds, or they will fall off on their own and part of the crop will be lost.

On the garden plot it is better to pick cherries by hand, carefully picking each berry.

There are several ways:

cutting off part of the cutting along with the berry with scissors;
collection of fruits with cuttings;
picking berries without cuttings.

The choice of one or another method depends on the method of further processing of berries. But climbing trees with a ladder and a bucket is a dangerous activity. Therefore, you can use a simple device for picking cherries with tall tree with telescopic handle.

Devices are:

collet with grip;
collet wire;
fruit picker "tulip" - in the form of a plastic cup with slots;
pneumatic fruit picker.

How to make a do-it-yourself cherry picker? For this you will need:

plastic bottle;
holder (long stick);
awl, screwdriver, knife.

A plastic bottle must be put on the pointed end of the stick with its neck. Fix it to the holder with a self-tapping screw. Cut a hole in it in the form of a vertical flag, so that on top of the “window” you get a prong about which the ripened fruit will fall off the tree and fall into the bottle.

With such a tool, it will be possible to collect both ordinary and felt cherries.

Harvesting in peasant farms

Cherry, like cherries, is very popular and in demand in the market. Therefore, it is grown in the gardens of peasant farms over vast areas.

On an industrial scale, harvesting is as mechanized as possible.

In order to quickly collect berries, you can use:

Cherry picking machine. The principle of its work is very simple. A tarp is spread under the tree. With the help of the mechanical "hand" of the machine, the barrel is vibrated. The fruits are shredded and fall onto the fabric, and then they are sorted and packed in boxes.
Felix Z combine manufactured by Weremczuk FMR. Designed for mechanized harvesting of cherries and sweet cherries. The combine harvester has an arched frame and, passing through a row of trees, crushes a ripe crop from them with the help of special brushes onto a conveyor belt. The conveyor then delivers harvested crop berries in containers.

Garden care after fruiting

After harvesting, you need to spray the trees with fungicides and insecticides from diseases and pests. You can also treat the plants with a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture.

During the summer season, watering is done two to three times a month, depending on weather conditions.

In rainy summers, trees are not irrigated to avoid stagnant water and wetting of the root collar. In autumn, water-charging irrigation is carried out, 5-6 buckets per plant.

It is necessary to make rejuvenating pruning for powerful and old cherry trees. It is not necessary to allow a strong thickening of the crown. It is necessary to cut off dry, diseased, damaged, as well as lower branches. They pull nutrients from a tree, and few fruit buds form on them.

How to feed the garden after fruiting. Many gardeners have a question: “When, and how to fertilize trees?”. Feeding should be done after harvest or before winter in order to prepare the tree for fruiting in the next season, and, as a result, get a high yield. It is more expedient to use organic fertilizers, as they have a full range of substances in their composition necessary for the plant. As a rule, you need to proceed from the calculation of one bucket of compost or well-rotted manure per 1 m2 trunk circle. In no case should you fertilize the trees with fresh manure, otherwise the roots will “burn out”.

Can also be used mineral fertilizers. Their purpose is to feed the cherry with the necessary elements, such as potassium and phosphorus, for full growth, development and future fruiting. But nitrogen fertilizers better apply in early spring in the form of roots and foliar dressings. Spraying is carried out with a solution of urea (40 grams per 10 liters of water).

This year I decided to break the established tradition and personally be present at the ripening of cherries. As it turned out, the cherry begins to ripen at the very top of the tree, where the berries are best lit during the day, and maybe for some other reason - I don’t know, I’m not a botanist (and they don’t seem to be called berries, but how else to call them - don't know either). And since there are no special stairs, scaffolding or other tricky devices for breaking cherries from the very top of a tree in the country house, there is no desire to climb trees for 30 years either, then I thought about how I could pick ripening cherries.

First of all, I got into the Internet, but there was only one more or less adequate answer to such a request. And even then it turned out that a long stick, plastic or metal pipe, a piece of a bicycle inner tube, a rope and a bag for picking up plucked cherries. There were no drawings or photographs on the site, and from short description I understood how to connect all this together and, most importantly, how to fasten the rope so that the ripe sweet cherry is clamped in the trimming of the camera. Therefore, I was no longer interested in how the cherries would roll down the pipe and get into the bag, and I began to develop my own system for picking cherries.

I had the main thing - a stick about 3-3.5 meters long. I went to the tree and made sure that I could reach almost any berry. It remains only to figure out how to pick a cherry with this stick.

Various ingenious systems like the one shown in the cartoon about Donald Duck and badgers climbed into my head. Well, there are scissors at the end of the stick and, again, a rope. And if without a rope, then somehow expose the blades of the knives (I have old disposable ones in the garage). But then I got under my feet the details of a child metal constructor and I quickly constructed a fully functional system.

I took a strip, bent it to make a brace, and screwed the brace to the stick at about a 40-45 degree angle. And then to the top of the bracket, another piece is heavier so that when the stick rotates, when the bracket instead of horizontal takes almost vertical position, the part was lowered and thus clamped the sweet cherry previously caught in the bracket.

In general, the system turned out to be quite efficient and even passed field tests, I even picked a few cherries. However, sweet cherries grow quite densely, the distance between cherries is sometimes less than 1-1.5 centimeters. Therefore, the created model of the cherry tree, although it passed field tests, it was decided to develop a simpler, smaller and more reliable model. Therefore, I do not enclose drawings and photographs of the first model of the cherry roll.

And then I remembered that something in " Young technician", or in "Science and Life" in the section " Home master- advice "a similar topic has already been discussed and one of craftsmen suggested for this purpose to use the usual hairpin, which women use to create hairstyles a la "Butterfly". It is enough to bend one leg of the hairpin so that the cherry leg passes between the legs of the hairpin, and fasten the second leg to the stick. Or maybe I saw something similar in a store like "Everything for the garden and garden", but then I did not attach any importance to this. Nevertheless, I decided to reproduce this design, and since there was no free hairpin at hand, I used steel wire. Now the cherry tree looks like this:

And at work like this:

I don’t give the youngest one (he’s 2 years old) a Cherry roll yet (he has enough fishing rods), and the older one (this one is already 10) tears cherries with this device quite normally, but he’s not in a hurry to put the tool back in place. That's it.

P.S. As usual, it took no more than two hours to make a cherry roll, but even 3 days were not enough to write this article.

When it's harvest time, many happy garden owners start thinking about again where to buy or how to make convenient fixture for picking cherries from a tall tree. This is really a problem: a large part of the crop sometimes disappears due to the inability to reach the top of the plant.

Fixture Features

On the market you can find a lot of improvised means for removing cherries from the top of a tree, but you can do the same at home. The manufacturing process is simple, and the materials that are required for this, for the most part, can be found at home.

When choosing a device, you need to consider several factors.

Efficiency (how quickly they can pick berries and whether they will crumble or deteriorate).
Safety (can they get hurt, etc.).
Convenience (how comfortable it will be to hold it in your hands, work for a long time).
The length of the handle (it is important that it is long enough to reach the top of the desired tree and pick berries).

Types of pullers

Each person should be guided by what type of improvised means will be more convenient for him personally.

To collect fruit from a tree, gardeners often use one of homemade varieties pullers:

in the form of an iron can with teeth;
a plastic bottle with a hard wire hook attached;
a hook from a tube through which cherries fall into a bag or bag.

From the tube

For this type of puller, you need to take a pipe with a wide diameter so that 3-4 cherries or sweet cherries can simultaneously slip through it.

Since the device will have to be kept on weight for a long time, the most preferred materials are aluminum or plastic.

One end of the tube is cut at an angle. The pointed end is cut into 2 parts. The groove between them should be such that the leg of the fetus can easily be inserted into it. The resulting 2 ends are bent so that you end up with a hook. To do this, it is best to heat them with fire and rest them on something solid.

The other end is also amenable to heating, after which it is placed on a solid base (for example, a cut bottle), on which a bag or bag for cherries will be put on during collection. Thus, picking high-growing berries will not be difficult.

This type of harvester is the most popular because of its convenience, but not everyone has a similar tube at hand in the country at a crucial moment, so you should familiarize yourself with other options.

From a plastic bottle

It is also common makeshift fixture from PET bottles. To do this, it is cut into 2 parts and then taken top part. A piece of hard wire is glued to it with a rope and glue or tape so that a watering can is formed. The stem of the fruit should pass into the narrowed groove of the wire, after which, when pulled, the berry comes off and ends up in the bottle.

The design is simple for making at home, therefore it is popular with gardeners.

In this case, they try to choose a stick according to the width of the neck of the bottle, so that it is convenient to put it on or stick it. Some prefer to use the bottom of the bottle.

From a tin can

This method is less common due to the fact that the resulting sharp edges can easily be injured.

It is not advised to use it, especially if you have small children in your family.

AT tin can you need to cut a hole so that there are teeth on top of the lid that can grab and hold the berry. The jar is tied to a stick or an aluminum metal tube so that the puller is not too heavy.

Usage

Depending on the type of device, its use may vary. It is important to take into account its structure and think in advance what difficulties may arise in the work.

Whatever option is chosen, its application will come down to one thing - to hook or hook a berry, and then, feeling that the berry is fixed, you need to pull it with force and remove it into a special container (jar, bottle, bag, etc. ). Then, from this container, cherries are poured into buckets or boxes.

conclusions

Every gardener can make a special device for removing high-growing cherries. Its design and materials are not complicated or inaccessible, but you should be careful and choose the material, as well as the type of puller, according to your needs. Harvesting with it will be much easier and more enjoyable.