What is the difference between organic and mineral fertilizers. organic fertilizers

Mineral fertilizers are inorganic substances that are often used in agriculture to compensate for vitamin deficiencies and minerals in the soil. They are more accessible than organic fertilizers, have a wide spectrum of action, provide effective and quick result. Another name is tuki.

Farmers skeptical about chemical fertilizers, prefer to treat their sites with organic analogues that contain a small amount of useful substances. different cultures, berries, vegetables and shrubs require wide range elements for optimum growth and high yields. AT different soils ah, some of its elements may be missing:

manganese and iron - in clay;
copper - in peat;
zinc - in marshy and sour;
potassium, magnesium and nitrogen - in sandstones.

The lack of elements can manifest itself in a change in the color of the foliage, a change in the shape and size of the fruit. In such a case, it is necessary carry out top dressing. Mineral fertilizers can be single-component or combined. Useful elements contained in mineral salts help:

Vegetables and fruits can be harmful to humans only if the treatment scheme with mineral fertilizers when growing these plants has been violated. Tuks can easily be introduced into cold ground and work at low temperatures. Do not use too large doses of liquid fertilizers. In the remaining 15-20 days before harvest, stop any processing and top dressing to avoid poisoning of fruits, tubers and berries.

Growth bright colors, improved taste, high yield contribute to properly applied mineral fertilizers. Their types and characteristics differ depending on the composition of substances, concentration, types of treated plants.

Mineral-based fertilizers are used in large agricultural firms and in private summer cottages. There are several types of fertilizers and their classification consists of the following categories:

unilateral (simple) - contain one substance in the composition, include nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus fertilizers;
complex - consist of several substances that jointly affect plants and soil;
microfertilizers - have a complex set of trace elements (calcium, manganese, molybdenum, iodine).

Nitrogen-based fertilizers have significant diffuse properties. They are easily soluble in water, can be used in liquid and solid form. Their introduction starts in spring so that useful substances penetrate the ground before intensive plant growth. For certain groups of substances, there are rules for processing and concentration.

Mineral fertilizers include ammonium nitrate containing 34.5% nitrogen. Main component supplemented with substances such as chalk, phosphorus gypsum, phosphate rock and limestone. This fertilizer is not suitable for podzolic soils, a small set of cations that nitrify nitrogen reduces the usefulness of saltpeter.

Saltpeter is best suited for potatoes. It is effective and fast acting, purchased at a low price. Cultivated lands increase their yield by 40–60% already in the first year of application. Pests and diseases affect growing potatoes much less.

Feeding rate ammonium nitrate before sowing - 10–20 g / sq. m. For use in liquid form, it is diluted in a ratio of 50 g of the substance per 100 liters of water. The solution is enough to spray on 100 square meters. m area.

Saltpeter can act even on unheated soil, so it can be poured onto the snow. Top dressing will melt its way to the ground. It is used to fertilize fruit bushes and grapes, in recent days March or early April. Such an early application makes it possible to eliminate nitrogen starvation in plants entering active vegetation. Organic fertilizers only work on warm earth, so the use of saltpeter is preferable.

Ammonium nitrate is an explosive substance, so its sale is limited to private buyers. Do not allow the heating of the fat and its mixing with other components.

Sodium nitrate is a white substance in the form of granules, related to nitrate fertilizers. It is applicable to saline and acidic soils, not suitable for black soil. The substance is introduced at the rate of 30–35 g/sq. m. Sodium nitrate contains a small amount of nitrogen - 15–17%, so it is important to observe a certain feeding technique. It is distributed over the fallow until the beginning of the spring plowing of the soil. During this period, the necessary concentration of nitrogen is formed for young shoots, but they do not have time to disappear beneficial features from interaction with air.

This nitrate cannot be used in greenhouses. With prolonged storage, saltpeter loses a significant proportion of its useful properties. Spring top dressing is carried out for beds with light soil, in a row way. Heavy loamy soil is best fertilized in the fall.

Amide fats include nitrogen carbamide or urea. It contains a lot of concentrated nitrogen - 45%, when mixed with soil, release of ammonium carbonate. When spread over the surface, most of the fertilizer will evaporate, turning into gaseous ammonia, so the fertilizer must be deepened to the level of germination of the root system.

The use of urea is acceptable for closed and open ground. It is combined with many types of agricultural crops. In a liquid consistency, nitrogen dissolves in water and interacts better with the soil. Urea fertilizer rates:

20 g/sq. m for root feeding of beets and tomatoes;
5-12gsm m for root application and 50–60 g per 10 l of water when sprayed (3 l per 100 sq. m) for vegetables;
10 g/sq. m for root fertilizer of peas and cucumbers;
10-20gsm m when deepening, 20-30 g per 10 liters of water when irrigating shrubs and fruit trees(spraying is carried out after 5 days of flowering and repeated after 4 weeks).

Urea solution is incompatible with dolomite, superphosphate, lime and chalk. This fat copes well with a lack of nitrogen, is especially important for the ovary and formation of tomato fruits, improves their taste.

As a result of the general interaction of calcium carbide and a nitrogen atmosphere, calcium cyanide containing 19% nitrogen is obtained. The substance slowly decomposes with water, so fertilizer must be applied in the last days of March. The lime content makes calcium cyamide a good nutrient for podzolic soils. Release form - dry light powder. Oil oils help to improve the properties of the fat.

Calcium cyamide concentrate is used as a herbicide. It is a cheap industrial waste, it is necessary to interact with it in protective equipment.

Unilateral potash fertilizers

Includes 50% of the main item. It is used during autumn digging, at a ratio of 20–25 g/sq. m. Chlorine goes into deep soil layers and has practically no effect on plants.

This fertilizer is ideal for many cereal crops, beets, potatoes and barley. Useful Components have high density, the substance is acidic and dissolves well in water. For cereals and vegetable crops, the fertilizer is distributed in the amount of 2 q/ha. When planning the planting of sugar plants, the dose of fat is increased by 25–50%.

Ideal for replenishing the deficiency of this element in plants. It contains no impurities. Potassium sulphate has a good effect on the ovary and ripening of cucumber fruits. The potassium content in the fat is 46%. When digging in the spring, the following composition rate is introduced - 25–30 g / sq. m, at root fertilizer- 10 g/sq. m.

Potassium salt is a dark red crystals, consisting of chlorides. The most common among agronomists is an outstanding variety of salt - sylvinite. This substance is applied under berry crops in spring (20 g per bush). AT autumn period the fat is spread over the ground before plowing (150–200 g/sq. m).

Simple superphosphate is 20% phosphorus anhydride and is the best choice for any soil suffering from a lack of this element. Tuk is not flammable, so it is quite easy to store it. Fertilizer is used during the period of development and growth of plants, with good soil moisture.

Superphosphate renders big influence on the development of flowers, especially roses. After feeding, the stems thicken, color becomes bright, and flower stalks are denser. The element is introduced by the continuous method, at the rate of 0.5 q/ha.

Double superphosphate has a higher concentration of the main element (32–47%). It is economical to use due to the absence of useless components. Superphosphate is indispensable for flowers. Feeding roses in the fall helps them to successfully endure frosts.

Phosphorus flour is a white powder used for acidic soils, for cereals, vegetables and fruit crops. It increases the immune system of plants, helps fight diseases and pests, increases winter hardiness, and accelerates growth. The main element is 19% of the volume, 35% is calcium. Top dressing is applied in the ratio of 3–3.5 c/ha.

Combined mixtures contain many useful types of components that reanimate plants, support their growth, development and fruiting. This list combines compound and complete mineral based fertilizers.

Nitroammophoska consists of equal amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus, used for garden and soda plants. This top dressing shows itself well on chestnut, sod-podzolic, sierozem and chernozem soils. The best complex fertilizer for clay soil with slow diffusion in autumn. AT sandy soil it is better to bring in the spring.

Nitrophoska is a combination of superphosphate, potassium chloride, gypsum, ammophos, potassium nitrate, precipitate and ammonium chloride. It has the form of balls that dissolve well in water. Suitable for most crops, distributed in the spring, at the time of sowing and during the growing season.

Helps in the growth, fight against diseases of tomatoes and cucumbers. Equally effective in local and continuous application. A chlorine-free compound is used to fertilize potatoes.

Ammophos includes magnesium, potassium and phosphorus. It is suitable for open landings and is also used in greenhouses and greenhouses. The composition contains a rare and useful ingredient - sulfur. Sodium and chlorine in top dressing are absent. The granules are light and small, crumble well. Substances are evenly distributed over the granules. It is a universal fat, especially helps the growth of flowers (peonies, roses, phloxes).

Diammophos is a mixture of potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus. It is applicable to any soil and under any crops. Small pink beads, treated with anti-dust reagents, scatter well and evenly. Top dressing does not change the acidity of the soil.

Due to the fact that diammophos is not washed out of the soil, subsequent generations of plants continue to receive nutrients. The composition is suitable for any type of top dressing. It goes well with flowering tomatoes, helping them to better absorb trace elements and fight pests.

In the absence of copper, molybdenum, manganese, zinc or iron in the soil, microfertilizers are used. They contribute development of the root system, disease protection and growth acceleration. There is a classification of microfertilizers according to the main substance:

complex - consist of several substances, protect against pests, increase yield ("Master", "Oracle", "Sizam");
copper - applicable to wetlands (pyrite, blue vitriol);
boric - promote the growth of young crops ( boric acid, borax);
molybdenum - used for forest soil (molybdic acid ammonium).

The lack of certain substances is often reflected in appearance plants. The following signs may indicate a deficiency:

The preparations are applied in dissolved form by watering or mixed with the soil when digging. Some fertilizers cannot be mixed with each other:

urea is incompatible with manure, lime, ammonium nitrate and simple superphosphate;
used separately from chalk and dolomite;
simple superphosphate must not be mixed with ammonium nitrate, lime and urea;
potassium salt is not combined with chalk and dolomite.

It is better to purchase fertilizers based on minerals from trusted manufacturers. Well proven product firms "Fasco", "Agricola" and "Kemira".

Attention, only TODAY!

Everyone who uses their household plot for harvesting, at least heard about the benefits of fertilizers. But not every gardener thinks about the real use of useful substances, and if he does, he does not always use it. Of course, in open areas of the garden, subject to proper crop rotation and plant changes, there are already enough organic residues and nutrients - these are insects, plant waste, and rainfall moisture. But such structures as a greenhouse are a space where, if not sterile, then a very closed and limited atmosphere in the natural circulation of substances reigns. Here, for high-quality growth and fruiting, plants need fertilizers - their types and characteristics will be described in our article. For example, nitrogen is very important for vegetables. There are three types of nitrogen fertilizers- amide, ammonia and nitrate. More details will be given below. Now let's talk about what mineral fertilizers are.

Mineral fertilizers are usually used along with organic fertilizers. The name of fertilizers speaks for itself - they contain minerals. minerals, needed by plants, a lot - copper, zinc, potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, and so on - almost everything that can be found in the periodic table.

Depending on the type of soil, plants lack one or another element. Simple mineral fertilizers contain one mineral, complex - several. The most common mineral fertilizers are nitrogen, potash and phosphorus. Phosphorus is superphosphate, bone meal, thermophosphate and some others. Added to the soil for digging in autumn or in early spring. This is due to the fact that due to their poor water solubility, they reach the roots for about 2 months. When fertilizing the soil with phosphorus additives, it should be remembered that they cannot be combined with lime.

We will single out a separate topic nitrogen fertilizers, since their significance is great precisely at the beginning of the growth of the future crop.

Types of nitrogen fertilizers

Nitrogen is found in both organic and inorganic substances. In industry, it is produced mainly by processing synthetic ammonia. Mineral nitrogen fertilizers are divided into three main groups.

Amide are urea, combinations of urea with formaldehydes, calcium cyanamide; well accepted by all vegetable crops.
Ammonia - ammonium chloride, sulfate and ammonium bicarbonate; gratefully these include long-ripening plants such as onions, cabbages, tomatoes and cucumbers.
Nitrate - sodium, potassium and calcium nitrates. Suitable for plants with a short ripening period - radishes, dill, parsley, lettuce, early cabbage.

When using nitrogen fertilizers, it is important to remember that excess nitrogen is very harmful to humans, animals and environment. It is necessary to strictly adhere to all the recommendations indicated on the fertilizer packaging!

Organic fertilizers - their types and characteristics

They are considered the most natural and safe, as they are of natural origin. Organics gives the soil numerous nutrients, improves its structure, develops the activity of beneficial microorganisms. organic - their types and characteristics deserve special attention. They are very important in, as they provide greenhouse land with carbon dioxide. It is used in four main types: bird droppings, manure, humus and peat. All varieties are used as compost - in combination with mineral fertilizers, plant residues, peat. They are often entered as .

One of the most budgetary and effective fertilizers, especially in the countryside, is manure. All the most important substances are contained in it in optimal concentration. In addition, manure improves the structure of the soil, and, decomposing, gives carbon dioxide and helps plants absorb necessary elements. Fresh manure is brought to the garden in the fall and dug up, and the one that has overgrown can wait until spring. In spring, it is advisable to use fresh manure to warm the earth, since its temperature reaches 70 0.

Bird droppings are also a very valuable fertilizer. It is several times larger than manure, rich in minerals and trace elements. Due to such a high concentration, it should be introduced into the soil in a very dosed manner. About half a liter of litter is bred in 10 liters warm water and water the plants with the solution.

Humus - decomposed remains of plants, leaves, roots, manure. This is ideal for growing seedlings.

Peat is a highly acidic additive, so it is mainly used as one of the components of compost.

Types of potash fertilizers

Potassium in fertilizers is most often found in combination with other elements. It increases the keeping quality of fruits, increases the resistance of plants to diseases, and contributes to the full ripening of the crop. Distinguish potash fertilizers with and without chlorine. Chlorine-containing products include potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium salt. These supplements are used in autumn to avoid harmful influence chlorine for planting. For nightshade, potash fertilizers without chlorine are chosen. Neutralize soil acidity caused by chlorine by pre-lime application.

Types of liquid fertilizers

In liquid form, many fertilizers have a milder effect on plants, are absorbed more easily and more fully, and are distributed more evenly in the soil. Liquid can be both organic and solutions of synthetic fertilizers.

organic liquid fertilizers are used in the form of infusions of herbs, mullein, special starter cultures from some food products(onion, garlic, pepper, yeast, sugar, bread - folk recipes lots of).

Chemical liquid fertilizers are divided into nitrogen and complex. All of them represent solids dissolved in water.

Types of fertilizers and methods of their application- the topic is very broad. Focus on the characteristics of the soil of your site, the crops you grow and, of course, common sense - everything is good in moderation!

Figs, figs, fig trees - these are all the names of the same plant, which we strongly associate with mediterranean life. Anyone who has ever tasted fig fruits knows how delicious it is. But, in addition to a delicate sweet taste, they are also very healthy. And here is an interesting detail: it turns out that figs are completely unpretentious plant. In addition, it can be successfully grown on a plot in middle lane or at home - in a container.

Quite often, even experienced summer residents face difficulties in growing tomato seedlings. For some, all seedlings turn out to be elongated and weak, for others, they suddenly begin to fall and die. The thing is that it is difficult to maintain in an apartment ideal conditions for growing seedlings. Seedlings of any plants need to provide a lot of light, sufficient moisture and optimal temperature. What else do you need to know and observe when growing tomato seedlings in an apartment?

Delicious vinaigrette with apple and sauerkraut- vegetarian salad of boiled and chilled, raw, pickled, salted, pickled vegetables and fruits. The name comes from a French sauce made from vinegar, olive oil and mustard (vinaigrette). Vinaigrette appeared in Russian cuisine not so long ago, around the beginning of the 19th century, perhaps the recipe was borrowed from Austrian or German cuisine, since the ingredients for the Austrian herring salad are very similar.

When we dreamily touch bright seed bags in our hands, we are sometimes subconsciously sure that we have a prototype of the future plant. We mentally allocate a place for him in the flower garden and look forward to the cherished day of the appearance of the first bud. However, buying seeds does not always guarantee that you will eventually get the desired flower. I would like to draw attention to the reasons why the seeds may not sprout or die at the very beginning of germination.

Spring is coming, and gardeners have more work to do, and with the onset of heat, changes in the garden are happening rapidly. Buds are already beginning to swell on plants that were still sleeping yesterday, everything literally comes to life before our eyes. After a long winter, this can not but rejoice. But along with the garden, its problems come to life - pests and pathogens. Weevils, flower beetles, aphids, clasterosporiasis, maniliasis, scab, powdery mildew- the list can be very long.

Breakfast toast with avocado and egg salad is a great start to the day. The egg salad in this recipe acts as a thick sauce seasoned with fresh vegetables and shrimp. My egg salad is quite unusual, it is a dietary version of everyone's favorite snack - with Feta cheese, Greek yogurt and red caviar. If you have time in the morning, never deny yourself the pleasure of cooking something tasty and healthy. The day should start with positive emotions!

Perhaps every woman at least once received a blooming orchid as a gift. It is not surprising, because such a lively bouquet looks amazing and blooms for a long time. Orchids cannot be called very difficult indoor crops to grow, but not fulfilling the main conditions for their maintenance often leads to the loss of a flower. If you are just getting started with indoor orchids, you should find out the right answers to the main questions about growing these beautiful plants in the house.

Lush cheesecakes with poppy seeds and raisins, prepared according to this recipe, are eaten in my family in the blink of an eye. Moderately sweet, plump, tender, with an appetizing crust, without excess oil, in a word, exactly the same as mother or grandmother fried in childhood. If the raisins are very sweet, then granulated sugar can not be added at all, without sugar, cheesecakes will be better fried and will never burn. Cook them in a well-heated frying pan, greased with oil, over low heat and without a lid!

Cherry tomatoes differ from their large counterparts not only in the small size of the berries. Many varieties of cherry are characterized by a unique sweet taste, which is very different from the classic tomato. Anyone who has never tasted such cherry tomatoes with their eyes closed may well decide that they are tasting some unusual Exotic fruits. In this article, I will talk about five different cherry tomatoes that have the sweetest fruits with unusual colors.

I started growing annual flowers in the garden and on the balcony more than 20 years ago, but I will never forget my first petunia, which I planted in the country along the path. Only a couple of decades have passed, but one wonders how different petunias of the past are from today's many-sided hybrids! In this article, I propose to trace the history of the transformation of this flower from a simpleton into a real queen of annuals, as well as consider modern varieties of unusual colors.

Salad with spicy chicken, mushrooms, cheese and grapes - fragrant and satisfying. This dish can be served as a main dish if you are preparing a cold dinner. Cheese, nuts, mayonnaise are high-calorie foods, combined with spicy fried chicken and mushrooms, you get a very nutritious snack that is refreshing. sweet and sour berries grapes. The chicken fillet in this recipe is marinated in a spicy mixture of ground cinnamon, turmeric and chili powder. If you like food with a spark, use hot chili.

The question is how to grow healthy seedlings, all summer residents are concerned in early spring. It seems that there are no secrets here - the main thing for fast and strong seedlings is to provide them with warmth, moisture and light. But in practice, in a city apartment or a private house, this is not so easy to do. Certainly, everyone experienced gardener there is a proven way to grow seedlings. But today we will talk about a relatively new assistant in this matter - the propagator.

The variety of tomato "Sanka" is one of the most popular in Russia. Why? The answer is simple. He is the very first to bear fruit in the garden. Tomatoes ripen when other varieties have not even faded yet. Of course, if you follow the recommendations for growing and make an effort, even a novice grower will get a rich harvest and joy from the process. And so that efforts are not in vain, we advise you to plant high-quality seeds. For example, such as seeds from TM "Agrosuccess".

A task indoor plants in the house - decorate your home with your appearance, create a special atmosphere of comfort. For this we are ready to take care of them regularly. Care is not only watering on time, although this is also important. It is necessary to create other conditions: suitable lighting, humidity and air temperature, make the correct and timely transplant. For experienced flower growers there is nothing supernatural in this. But beginners often face certain difficulties.

Tender chicken breast cutlets with champignons are easy to prepare according to this recipe with step by step photos. There is an opinion that it is difficult to cook juicy and tender cutlets from chicken breast, this is not so! Chicken meat contains practically no fat, which is why it is dry. But, if you add cream to the chicken fillet, White bread and mushrooms with onions, you get awesome tasty cutlets that both children and adults will like. In the mushroom season, try adding forest mushrooms to the minced meat.

Article content

Modern agriculture actively uses all developments chemical industry for achievements good harvests. Fertilizers (litter, ash) were used by the first land farmers, and today there are various fertilizer compositions for fields, orchards and orchards of different soils and all kinds of climatic conditions.

In agriculture, simple and complex fertilizers are isolated. Simple ones contain 1 active element, and multi-component additives are called complex.

Complex additives are divided into:

By composition - double (nitrogen-potassium, nitrogen-phosphorus), triple (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium).
According to the mixing method - complex, mixed and combined (complex mixed).

Complex fertilizers are liquid and solid fertilizers, including a mineral complex. The main properties of complex fertilizers are distinguished:

a chemical compound includes 2 or 3 elements;
consists of identical granules and molecules;
produced by processing the primary component or less complex fertilizers;
have low or high hygroscopicity;
well or poorly soluble in water.

Such fertilizers are, in fact, salts, in which the proportion of the content of elements depends on the needs of a particular plant and is regulated by mixing with simple fertilizers.

If potassium nitrate consists of 46% potassium, 13% nitrogen, then nitrogen or any phosphorus must be added to their composition.

The dose that must be applied to the soil for top dressing depends on the concentration of the main component. The more it is, the less it needs to be applied. When complex fertilizers are applied, the components are evenly distributed in the soil and reduce costs by 15%.

Types of complex fertilizers and their composition

Compound fertilizer usually includes 4 main components in different combinations: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium. And they differ in the ratio and type of bonds on which hygroscopicity and water solubility depend. Why is it necessary to use these components in the soil?

Nitrogen. This substance is important for the absorption of sunlight and energy through photosynthesis. Nitrogen is part of the chlorophyll involved in this process, as well as nitrogen is a constituent of lipoids, alkaloids and other substances important for plants. Nitrogen - for rapid growth.

Phosphorus. One of the 3 most essential components for plants. Phosphorus controls metabolic processes inside plants, is a source of energy for cells. This element is included in the structure of RNA and DNA, which are responsible for the transfer of genetic information. Thanks to phosphorus, the proper development of the plant, growth, fruiting occurs. The lack of phosphorus leads to the cessation of growth and development of the seed chambers - the plant does not bear fruit, changes color, shape, leaves begin to die. Acute shortage can even lead to the death of the roots, including those of trees, up to their fall.

Potassium. Organic composition The soil does not contain potassium, although it is necessary for the yield and endurance of plants, which is why it is used as a fertilizer. Increased resistance of plants to drought, low temperatures. Potassium affects the growth and formation of fruits. A lack of potassium leads to darkening of the leaves, lethargy and weakness of the buds and inflorescences. More than others, sunflower, buckwheat, beets, potatoes, wheat and other grains need fertilizers rich in potassium.

Magnesium. This element, like nitrogen, is included in the structure of chlorophyll and carries out the main organic processes plants. Magnesium also facilitates the absorption of phosphorus. Magnesium carries out carbohydrate metabolism in tubers, roots, seeds, fruits. With a lack of magnesium, wilting and dying off of unripe fruits can be observed.

The combination and use of the main components for soil in fertilizers:

Ammophos. It consists of nitrogen with phosphorus, which are highly soluble in water, such are its properties. It is applied when sowing all types of crops and as top dressing for vegetable, field and other crops.
Diammophos. Also contains nitrogen and phosphorus. It is used as ammophos, and in animal husbandry as a feed additive.
Diammofoska. In addition to nitrogen and phosphorus, potassium is also present. Shows good properties on all types of soils and crops.
Magnesium ammonium phosphate. Magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus. The drug is poorly soluble in water. Applicable to all cultures, large doses are possible, harmless. Effective in sandy lands, for potatoes, root crops with abundant watering.
Nitrofos or nitrophoska. Nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus. Slightly soluble in water. Ineffective as an ordinary top dressing.
Nitroammophos. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. It dissolves quite well. Valuable general purpose supplement.
Sulfoammophos. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. The additive is actively used.
Potassium nitrate. A popular nitrogen and potassium fertilizer. Gives effective nourishment to plants. Found in natural form. It is applicable in vegetable growing and in cultivation of the cultures sensitive to the content of chlorine.
ammonium metaphosphate. Also includes phosphorus, nitrogen. Entered as main efficient fertilizer for acidic soil.
Carboamophos and carboamophoska. High saturation with nitrogen and phosphorus. Due to the gaseous combination of nitrogen, nitrogen loss is possible, therefore a quick turning into the soil is necessary.
Superfoska. The combination of phosphorus and potassium. Can be a basic fertilizer.
potassium metaphosphate. Phosphorus, potassium in it are highly soluble in the soil. Good ones physical characteristics and application.

For high yields and proper development, plants require air, light, heat, water, as well as nutrients. The creation of these conditions in the field or garden guarantees success in growing crops and high yield. The soil that accepts the seed of a plant cannot provide it with all the necessary substances in the right amount, so the use of fertilizers is necessary.

Complex fertilizers solve the problem of mutual digestibility of various elements, increase the useful properties of the components, reduce consumption and labor costs for tillage.

Proper and timely soil treatment with high-quality fertilizers is the basis for obtaining healthy plants and bountiful harvest, this can be confirmed by any agricultural technician. The question of choosing dressings torments gardeners and gardeners around the world. Organic and mineral fertilizers are presented on the market in an assortment produced by various companies, in a wide price range. It is important to make an informed decision.

organic fertilizers

Many adherents of this type of top dressing consider them the only acceptable and natural, without chemistry. Organic matter has a positive effect on the composition of the soil, improves development and increases yield. However, all types organic dressings after being introduced into the soil, they decompose into the same elements as the mineral ones. The main difference is that the decay process occurs evenly, while mineral preparations contain ready-made elements.

Manure. It is considered the most valuable organic compound. Settled manure (from 5 months to 3 years) is used to enrich all types of soils. The mixture is applied when digging the earth 6–9 kg per 1 sq. meter.

After manure is applied, some crops can only be planted on next year(tomatoes, cucumbers, onions, etc.).

A mixture of manure and water is used for all types of garden, horticultural and indoor plants.

Peat. Increases looseness and airiness of the soil, but does not have enough useful elements. Usually, various mineral components are added to peat to improve its properties. You can collect peat yourself in the swamps. Peat is brought in, as a rule, in the fall.

Bird droppings. It has a nutrient-rich composition, but use it carefully. Excess litter can cause nitrate accumulation in the fruit. Average rate of use: 500 gr. raw fertilizer and 200 gr. dry per 1 sq. soil meter. The rate of application depends on the type of bird.

Compost. It usually consists of a mixture of fallen leaves, sawdust, peat, etc. To enrich the compost with nutrients, various mineral additives are often added.

Bone flour. An excellent source of calcium and phosphorus. It is brought directly into the ground. An aqueous solution is used for monthly plant nutrition. For 5 liters of boiling water, 250 gr. bone meal, a week later the solution must be filtered. Dilute the prepared solution with water in a ratio of 1:5 and water the plants under the root.

Right now in flower shops special organic fertilizers are commercially available concentrated, in liquid form, odorless. Such bottles can be safely used at home, for potted flowers. The solution is diluted with water according to the recommendations on the package.

The main types of mineral fertilizers

The most common mineral constituents are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in varying proportions. In the spring, at the beginning of growth, the formation of shoots and stems, and before the appearance of the first flower buds, nitrogen is needed. Next comes an increased intake of phosphorus and potassium is needed in preparation for frost.

Nitrogen. Needed to improve the fertility of all types of soils. Nitrogen is consumed by all types of horticultural, horticultural crops, trees and shrubs, and indoor flowers. The rate of nitrogen fertilization depends on the type of soil and plant. With a sufficient content of other mineral elements in the soil, the productivity of nitrogen compounds increases.

In the absence of nitrogen in plants, growth slows down, leaves turn pale and turn yellow.

Phosphoric. Improve fruit quality and overall yield. Especially important for fruit, grain, berry and most vegetable plants. With a lack of phosphorus, the plants acquire a bluish-pink or brown-green hue, the process of fruit formation worsens and slows down. The method of application and dosage depends on the type phosphate fertilizer(phosphates, superphosphates, phosphate flour, etc.).

Potash. They nourish plants, help to synthesize various substances, increase frost resistance, resistance to diseases. All potash fertilizers are soluble in water. The type and amount of top dressing depends on the type of soil.

Complex mineral fertilizers. A common type of top dressing contains two or more components. High content nutrient elements. Various complex preparations have a different ratio of nutrients. It is necessary to select top dressing based on the type vegetable crops and soil. These types of fertilizers often have a list of horticultural or indoor crops on the packaging for which they are most suitable.

Organo-mineral fertilizers

The introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers together significantly enhances their overall effectiveness. The soil becomes loose, airy, the amount nutrients and humus, improves the quality and increases the fruiting of plant crops. It is applied to all types of soils and plants at sowing and as root fertilizer. In liquid form, it is used for foliar feeding.

Often, mineral supplements supplement the lack of nutritional components in organic ones. Organo-mineral compounds are obtained by physico-chemical combination of elements. Such balanced formulations are available in liquid and powder form, in capsules, granules.

Complex organo-mineral compounds can be formed in the natural environment, for example, sapropel. Fertilizer is formed at the bottom of reservoirs, and consists of organic matter (remains of plants and animals) and mineral components.

Top dressing is an indispensable source of nutrition for every plant in open field, greenhouse or flower pot. Proper application of organic and mineral fertilizers will nourish the plants and become a guarantee bountiful harvest. Before applying any type of top dressing, you must carefully study the instructions and packaging. It should be remembered that an excess of certain types of fertilizers can harm plants.