Watering after what event vegetables. Watering vegetable plants
Watering vegetable plants
How to properly water vegetable plants
Water is part of plant tissues. It provides the movement of nutrients, participates in all synthetic processes, regulates the temperature of the leaves.
With a lack of moisture, the yield decreases sharply, plant tissues coarsen, and the taste and commercial qualities of vegetables are lost. With excessive water supply, vegetables become watery, contain little sugar, salts.
The need of vegetable plants for water depends on the characteristics of the crop, variety, intensity of root formation, adaptability of the ground part to the economical use of moisture for transpiration, and is also determined by external factors.- temperature, illumination, wind power, the presence of batteries.
The root system of many vegetable crops significantly inferior to field crops in depth, penetration, distribution to the sides, degree of branching, and the ability to extract hard-to-reach moisture from the soil.
Most vegetable crops are inferior in power to the root system of cabbage. Individual roots of this crop reach a depth of 1.5 m. In winter wheat, the roots penetrate to a depth of 2 m, in corn- 4 m. And the surface of the leaves, and hence the evaporating capacity, is ten times less than that of cabbage.
Vegetable crops vary greatly in the structure of the root system. There are 3 groups of plants:
1. Plants with a highly branched root system, extending 2-5 m deep and wide (pumpkin, table beet, horseradish).
2. Plants with a relatively powerful and branched root system, penetrating into subsurface horizons and reaching a depth of 1-2 m (carrot, parsley, tomato, cabbage).
3. Plants with a weakly superficial (in onions) or highly branched root system (in cucumbers), located mainly in the arable layer.
According to the ability to extract water from the soil, vegetable crops can be divided into the following groups:
1. Plants that extract water well and use it intensively (beets).
2. Plants that extract water well and use it sparingly (pumpkin, corn, carrots, parsley, tomato, pepper, beans).
3. Plants that produce water poorly and use it uneconomically (cabbage, cucumber, eggplant, radish, turnip, swede, lettuce, spinach).
A. Plants that weakly extract water from the soil, but use it sparingly (onions, garlic).
Plants of the third and fourth groups need artificial irrigation more than others: The plants of the second group are the least demanding on irrigation and tolerate the lack of moisture better than others.
The greatest need for water occurs in the phase of seed germination. Normally, these processes are high humidity soil (about 90% of total field capacity). Therefore, it is very important not to miss the moment when the soil is ready for cultivation, has not yet lost moisture, and at this time to sow the seeds. That is why it is recommended: early spring sowing, especially for such "tight" germinating crops as carrots, parsley, onions. It is necessary to have time to take advantage of the moisture that has been accumulated from the spring snowmelt. If the deadlines are missed, the soil is dry, you will have to moisten the soil before sowing, which is not always possible.
When shoots appear, the roots begin to grow rapidly and extract more and more water from the soil. At the same time, the moisture content in the soil should be reduced to 60-80%. So, watering the plants at this moment is not necessary. The roots in this case will develop well, go deep and extract enough moisture. And if you water the soil at this time, the roots will develop poorly.
When transplanting potless seedlings, it loses most of the roots. Therefore, after planting it in a permanent place, there is a temporary strong increase in the need for soil moisture. Therefore, it is important to moisten the soil well before planting seedlings of cabbage, cucumber, tomato and other crops.
Increased soil moisture is required during the intensive formation of productive parts of plants (fruits, bulbs, root crops). During the ripening of fruits, seeds, bulbs, the need for moisture decreases, and its excess becomes even harmful.
To get a good harvest, it is important not to miss the timing of watering, to give the plants moisture when they need it most. The need for watering can be determined, first of all, by appearance plants. In cabbage, with a lack of moisture, the leaves are covered with a bluish bloom, and their edges are bent. The leaves of tomatoes appear dark green in color, the hairs covering the leaves take on almost vertical position. The leaves of cucumbers, carrots darken and curl slightly. In onions, the feather becomes bluish-white, its tip bends down and turns yellow. The leaves of the table beet become smaller and turn bright purple.
You can determine the timing of watering according to the condition of the soil. To do this, they take a handful of earth from the depth of the arable layer, squeeze it in their hand and watch how the lump is formed, how strong it is. On light loams, watering is necessary if the soil forms into a ball, but it disintegrates without pressure. Plants are watered on medium and heavy loams if the ball formed in the hand breaks up when pressed.
In warm weather, plants are best watered in the evening. It is believed that at this time the soil air cools, compresses, and water will easily penetrate into the soil pores (A.T. Lebedeva, Homestead, 2004). But you need to water in such a way that excess moisture evaporates by night. This is especially important for tomato and eggplant plants in greenhouses. It is important to prevent the formation of condensation on inside films, on the leaves, stems of plants, so as not to cause the development of diseases.
In cold weather, it is better to water in the morning. But in any case, irrigation water should not be colder than air. In a greenhouse, plants should generally be watered with warm water. To do this, it is pre-poured into barrels. The barrels, painted black, are placed in a sunny place so that the water is heated. It is impossible to water the greenhouse with water directly from the well, as this will lead to the development of root rot and further to the death of plants.
It must be remembered that crops such as lettuce, dill, spinach, onion sets need frequent watering. The roots of these plants are shallow, and the plants often suffer from lack of moisture. Experienced vegetable growers recommend watering these crops in hot weather, even in the morning and evening, to create the necessary soil and air moisture. Such conditions are necessary in order to form juicy, tender greens.
Special mention should be made of watering onions. If necessary (in dry weather), it is watered only in the first half of the growing season. Then stop watering.
Root plants should be watered infrequently, but plentifully. When watering, it is necessary to moisten the entire root layer (15-20 cm). The maximum water consumption of these crops occurs in July-August. It must be borne in mind that frequent watering, in which only the top layer of soil is wetted, will only harm the plants. They will develop "lazy" roots that are content with the moisture that is available in the topsoil. In addition, frequent watering compacts the soil, a crust forms.
It must be remembered that in any case, soil moisture should be uniform. With sharp transitions from a lack of moisture to its excess, cracking of root crops and potato tubers occurs. At the same time, the quality of products deteriorates sharply.
In most cases, it is enough to water the root crops 3-5 times during the growing season.
There are some peculiarities in watering cucumbers. When growing seedlings, plants are watered moderately so that it does not stretch. Before planting in a permanent place, the beds and seedlings are very well moistened. Further, until the seedlings take root, the plants are watered rarely (or not even watered at all) until the fruiting begins. Humidity in the soil is enough to maintain at the level of 73-76%. With the onset of fruiting, water after 1-2 days (depending on the weather).
It is better to water along the grooves so as not to erode the soil. Previously, refreshing watering of plants was recommended when all plants were moistened. But it seems to us; it is worth abandoning them so as not to contribute to the development of diseases. And the humidity of the air can be raised by watering the paths, the sides of the ridges, the side fence of the greenhouses.
Seedlings of zucchini, pumpkins, squash are often watered after planting, and then watered rarely, but plentifully. In the second half of the growing season, zucchini and squash are watered every 2-3 days. Pumpkin is watered less often- 1 time per week.
AT last years many vegetable growers use plastic bottles for irrigation, they are dug near cabbage, tomato plants and watered into these bottles. In this case, moisture goes directly to the roots of plants. This is especially important for tomatoes, eggplants in greenhouses, thus it is possible to maintain optimal humidity air (65-70%) needed by these plants.
In recent years, drip irrigation of vegetables has been increasingly used. This method allows you to deliver water and nutrients directly to plant roots.
For drip irrigation in the garden, plastic, rubber and metal pipes. They make holes in them. Then the tubes are laid out between the rows of plants. One end of the tube is soldered, and the other is connected to a water pipe or to a container of water.
Plants can be fed through such tubes, using ballast-free fertilizers for this, so as not to clog the irrigation holes.
A. Fedina
When planting tomato seedlings in the ground, put a flagellum of straw into each hole. The roots of the plant will get more air and get stronger faster.
Before sowing cucumber seeds warm in the sun, to obtain seedlings, - hanging a bag by the battery or by the stove for 2 weeks. You can warm them up in a thermos with hot water holding for 2 hours. Before sowing, the seeds must be sorted, unsuitable removed. Sorting is carried out in solution table salt, mix well and hold for 10 minutes. Floating seeds are discarded. The rest are washed well running water and disinfected in a dark solution of potassium permanganate, where they are lowered in a gauze bag.
pepper roots do not like direct sunlight, so seedlings should be planted thicker. Peppers planted in the ground should be watered more often, but in small doses. Excess moisture harms him. It is useful to feed pepper with an extract from wood ash(Infuse 250 g of ash for a week in a bucket of water. Plants will develop better and get sick less.
When sowing seeds of cucumbers, melons, watermelons, pumpkins, zucchini seeds in each hole should be placed sideways, and not upside down. When they germinate and reach the phase of three or four leaves, the most developed stalk is left to bear fruit. In order for it to develop better, the remaining stems are cut off, but not pulled out. Otherwise, the roots of the remaining plant may be damaged.
7 Little Secrets to Growing Delicious Tomatoes
Well, first of all, you need to define what it means delicious tomato? It is a fleshy, with a thin skin, sweet, tender pulp, without unpleasant sourness, with a characteristic “delicious” tomato smell. Do you agree?
The taste of a tomato depends on a certain ratio of sugars and acids. The less acids and more sugars, the tastier the fruit. Where are the most acids? That's right, in the juice of the tomato seed chamber! Therefore, the more pulp and fewer seeds, the sweeter and tastier the tomato.
There are few secrets to growing delicious tomatoes, and they are all completely simple and do not require any special effort and money. I would like to make a reservation right away: secrets are not at all terrible summer secrets transmitted to the ear, these are just those moments, the implementation of which almost always ensures a really tasty harvest))
Secret one: a lot of light
Tomatoes should be planted where they will receive a lot of sunlight. In addition, tomatoes do not like crowding. They are best on the southern slopes, and even protected from cold winds.
Secret two: proper watering
Tomatoes need to be watered properly. It must be remembered that the soil moisture under the tomato should be high - at least 85%, but the air humidity should remain at about 50-60%. For the best effect, watering should be infrequent, but plentiful. And overdoing it is also bad - excess moisture will cause the tomatoes to become more watery, and therefore less sweet!
Secret three: "potassium permanganate"
If you like tomatoes more juicy, then at the time of flowering you can pour a solution of potassium permanganate (2-3 grams per 10 liters of water).
Secret #4: warm water
Watering tomatoes is advised only with settled water, preferably even warmed up to +23 ... +24 degrees. It is very good to add a little manure, compost or green grass mass (weeds) when settling water.
Secret Five: The “Tricky” Fertilizer Schedule
It is necessary to fertilize at an early stage, and then you should take a break until the ovary is formed. The point is that the excess nitrogen fertilizers leads to a slowdown in this process. But when the ovary has already taken shape - then go ahead, now fertilizers will only benefit! And another little "secret" - you can add 4 drops of iodine per bucket of water to the irrigation water. Watering with this water once a week will help the tomatoes become larger ... and ripen a little earlier!
Secret six: salt and ash
In Italy, they generally conducted a successful experiment: they watered tomatoes with diluted sea water which made them noticeably tastier! And in the USA, they managed to develop a variety of salty-tasting tomatoes that grow on sandy soils. You can water them ... just with sea water! These are miracles
Secret Seven: The Homeland Effect
And finally - the tomato must ripen on the bush! The more it is connected with the "homeland" - the tastier it will be!
Growing peas - the harvest is 4 times more!
In order to grow more peas (the yield can increase up to 4 times), as well as to stretch the fruiting period, pinch the top of the head, after which the peas sprout several side shoots.
Pinching can be done at any time, even when the plants are still very small, but it is better to do this in the morning of a sunny day so that the wound has time to dry out and the plant does not get sick. Lateral shoots can also be pinched over time, and then they will branch out even more.
The more stems the plant eventually has, the more you can get from it, and the later it will ripen. Therefore, it is logical to pinch half of all plants, then half of half, and so on, to end up with plants with different periods maturation.
It is necessary to grow peas on supports or stretched ropes, to which it will cling during growth (otherwise it will lie on the ground, it will grow worse, and it will be completely inconvenient to collect it). For better growth the soil under the peas must be loosened and weeds removed.
It has been noticed that when growing peas in containers, on next year it gives a greater yield (this is associated with the fact that a population of bacteria necessary for the life of peas is formed in the ground).
Planting in containers is advantageous in that you can germinate peas indoors and then put them outside - this will protect them from being eaten by birds, mice and ants, however, peas in containers must be monitored: watered, preventing the earth from drying out.
You don't need to thin out the carrots!
It is done like this: 10-12 days before sowing, we tie the carrot seeds in a rag, more freely. We dig into the moist earth on the bayonet of a shovel.
During this period, seeds are weathered essential oils that prevent seeds from germinating.
After the specified period, we dig out the nodules with seeds from the ground. The seeds will be already swollen, large, almost germinated. Pour them into a bowl and powder with ordinary starch. The seeds stop sticking to the fingers and are clearly visible on the dark, damp ground. Carefully lay them out in grooves at the desired interval and sprinkle with sand or dry earth.
Carrots germinate 3-5 days after sowing!
And without watering, since watering will create a crust from the ground over the seeds, and it will be very difficult for them to break through. That's it, that's the end of the worries. Until the very shoots.
TO GROW FASTER
During flowering, pollination is done by hand. For this, a male flower is plucked, its petals are cut off and pollen is applied to the pistil. female flower(in the center of the flower). With the help of one male flower you can pollinate 2-3 female. In addition, it is necessary to use bees, bumblebees and other insects. To do this, take 1 teaspoon of honey, dissolve in 1 glass of water and sprinkle flowering plants with this solution in the morning.
Another secret to growing zucchini is the placement of zucchini. It is recommended to plant them every year in a new place - this way you can avoid diseases and increase productivity. When choosing a site for planting, keep in mind that these plants love light and water.
But watering should be carried out only under the root and only warm water This will help prevent fruit rot. When the ovaries appear, water the zucchini twice as intensively.
* Pollination of squash.
Excellent pollinators of zucchini are bees, bumblebees and wasps. To attract these insects to your flowering bushes it is recommended to spray the plants with a weak solution of honey in the early morning. This will increase productivity.
* Pruning bushes.
Due to the fact that zucchini bushes are prone to overgrowth, they must be cut. Deleting is worth the most large leaves that block out sunlight. Under the sun's rays, the ovaries will develop faster.
Every vegetable loves water. Water is required to carry nutrients from the soil to the roots and further to various parts plants, especially to the leaves. Leaves need water for normal passage chemical reactions and to prevent overheating of the plant from direct sun rays. To a large extent, plant tissue is made up of water. Different kinds plants contain different amounts of water, some more, others less. Vegetable crops contain 80-95% water. To achieve high yield vegetable crops, 300-800 liters of water are required during the growing season per 1 m 2 of the occupied area.
Both excess and lack of moisture in the soil inhibit the growth of the plant. With improper watering, leaves develop worse, the laying and formation of reproductive organs are abnormal. This leads to deterioration inproductivity and deterioration in crop quality.
Therefore, proper timely irrigation, together with various other methods of cultivating vegetable crops, will make it possible to get a good harvest. Any gardener and summer resident, with a watering can or a hose, needs to know the characteristics of the crop he waters. Some crops may change their water requirements during the growing period.
Let's look at the most common vegetable crops: , , , , , .
This vegetable is demanding on moisture. It is required both inside the soil and in the air. Most often, precipitation does not provide the full need of cucumbers for moisture. Without watering, the cucumber crop will be poor. This is due to the fact that with weak watering, the roots develop. poorly , and they are located shallow, where the earth dries up quickly. The plant has many leaves, they evaporate a lot of moisture. With large differences in soil moisture, flowers and ovaries are shed. Many ugly fruits are formed, their quality is deteriorating. They are tasteless, bitter and quickly turn yellow.
Abusing watering and flooding the beds is also not worth it. Cucumbers are watered 1-2 times a week depending on the weather, soil type and plant age. 1m 2 requires 20-30 liters of water. Like tomatoes, cucumbers are watered so that the leaves of the plant are dry by night. On hot days with very dry air, you need to carry out refreshing watering, 5-10 liters of water per 1m 2.
The pepper has a shallow, horizontally branched root system. He presents high requirements to watering. With insufficient soil moisture, the plant develops poorly, loses some of the buds and ovaries, the fruits form small and deformed, and are affected by vertex rot.
Eggplants are even more demanding on soil moisture. Be careful. on raw and cold ground plants practically do not set fruits and develop poorly. The lack of soil moisture also negatively affects the development of plants. This is especially noticeable during the fruiting period, due to the dryness of the soil, buds, flowers and ovaries may fall off.
Both of these vegetables need normal soil moisture throughout the growing season and react negatively to small and short cold snaps. When it gets colder, it is more useful to delay watering a little than to chase deadlines. On cool cloudy days or when there is a cold wind, watering significantly cools the surface layers of air, the soil and the plants themselves. This negatively affects the general condition of the bushes, and ultimately the yield.
At the beginning of the growth of peppers and eggplants, they are watered less often and at lower rates, and during the fruiting period - more often and with more water. Irrigation rate ranges from 15 to 30 liters of water per 1 m 2.
For eggplant, furrow irrigation is preferable; local soil moisture to the depth of the main mass of roots (25-30 cm) is also suitable.
Cabbage is very demanding on moisture. With dry soil and dry air, plants develop poorly, form few leaves, heads are small or they do not work at all. Waterlogging of the soil also adversely affects the growth of cabbage.
After planting, the seedlings are irrigated to maintain good soil moisture until the plants are fully established. Irrigation rates are 10-15 liters of water per 1 m 2. early cabbage in the phase of filling, the head of cabbage is watered more often and at higher rates (20-25 liters per 1 m2 of beds).
Mid-season and late-ripening varieties of cabbage are intensively watered during the period of mass formation of leaves and heads. late cabbage stop watering 2-3 weeks before harvest.
When watering vegetables, you should always take into account their features. They all love water, but you should not pour vegetables. By following the rules described above, you will get a rich, healthy harvest.
