Growing early cabbage. Early cabbage: planting and care. How to grow white cabbage: sowing for seedlings, planting and care in the open field

White cabbage is quite popular among summer residents, so they are very concerned about the question of how to properly grow it to get a good harvest. This vegetable culture is rich in a variety of vitamins that are necessary for the human body, and its taste is delicate and juicy.

It keeps well in the winter, makes a delicious salad, and is also great as a filling for pies. Let's try to figure out how to grow white cabbage and look after her to collect excellent harvest.

Why white cabbage is so popular

In our country, this vegetable is very popular, and it gained its fame in ancient times. Even 4 thousand years ago, this culture began to be cultivated in Ancient Egypt. Gradually she moved to European countries, including Russia. Our scientists have developed varieties that are suitable for the Russian climate.

Since white cabbage is great for storing in winter, it quickly gained its popularity. In fermented form, this is valuable source of vitamins, and thanks to the brine, strength is restored and seriously ill people recover.

This vegetable crop contains a large amount of ascorbic acid and vitamin U, which can cure stomach diseases. It is also used in folk medicine and cosmetology.

Characteristics of white cabbage

This vegetable loves light and needs a lot of sun to grow. Cabbage is quite cold-resistant, prefers fertile soil and enough demanding for watering.

With strong heat, the growth of the culture stops, if the temperature exceeds the mark of +35 degrees, the heads of cabbage cease to be tied. +18 degrees is considered the optimal temperature for growing. Adult heads of cabbage are able to withstand frosts down to -8 degrees.

Depending on the timing of ripening varieties of cabbage are:

Early.
Mid-season.
Late.

Early varieties are good to use fresh, middle and late varieties are best marinated and fermented, and the latter are also remarkably stored.

Today, scientists have bred a large number of varieties and hybrids of white cabbage, which suitable for any climate zone . This moment is important for cultivation, because in this case the vegetable crop gives a rich harvest.

How to grow seedlings

AT middle lane Russian cabbage is usually planted with seedlings. March in boxes with specially prepared soil(sand, soddy land, peat) sow early varieties.

Experienced gardeners do not recommend use garden soil to grow white cabbage, as there is a risk of seedling infection. Before planting seeds, it is necessary to treat the soil with a solution of potassium permanganate.

Mid-season varieties sown in boxes in mid-April, and later - at the end of this month. Seeds must be soaked before planting. hot water for 15 minutes, after which they are transferred to cold water for 3 minutes.

Then 12 hours of them kept in a solution of stimulants and a day in the refrigerator. Prepared seeds must be dried and sown in a box with well-moistened soil to a depth of 1 cm. Before germination, the temperature should be +20 degrees.

If cabbage seedlings are grown on a windowsill, you should give her light in required quantity, otherwise it will begin to stretch, its stems will be long and thin, and the plant itself will turn out to be weak.

Soil preparation

Before planting cabbage in open ground, the soil is preliminarily prepared, preferably if it is loose and fertile. The beds are prepared in advance, and the soil is checked for acidity, it is best if it is slightly acidic or neutral.

If the soil is poor and heavy, then it is necessary to add sand and compost to it about a bucket per 1 m². Because of the economy, many gardeners apply fertilizer directly to the holes. Growing area should be even, without any bias.

Seedlings are planted at the following times:

early varieties - the first half of May;
medium - middle or end of May;
late varieties - late May to mid-June.

The scheme of planting cabbage in open ground

Seedlings are planted according to the following scheme:

Early varieties - at a distance of 50 cm from each other.
For medium and late varieties this value is already 60 cm.

It is better to choose a cloudy day for planting cabbage in open ground, and it is advisable to do this in the evening. If the planted seedlings will be under sunbeams, she can "cook". In the early days it is desirable darken with a thick cloth or branches.

Seedlings should be planted in pre-watered holes, this will not allow voids to form around the hole. Before the appearance of the first leaves, it is better to sprinkle it with dry earth. It is also necessary to ensure that the central kidney is not pulled underground.

Growing cabbage in the open field and care

In order for the cabbage to develop well, its roots must receive oxygen in full, so caring for this vegetable crop necessarily includes loosening, which is carried out immediately after planting the seedlings.

At first, you need to do this shallowly, up to 10 cm. As the heads of cabbage grow, it should be loosened deeper, up to 25 cm. At the same time should be carried out and weeding, as weeds can shade seedlings.

Growing and caring for white cabbage includes watering. This culture is very moisture-loving, but different varieties have different requirements for this process.

An early variety of cabbage during its growth is necessary water regularly but moderately. It is enough to carry out such a procedure once a day so that the soil is always moist.

During the setting of heads (in June), the intensity of watering increases. Two weeks before cutting cabbage, which is carried out at the end of July, they stop moistening the soil, since excess moisture leads to cracking of heads of cabbage.

The mid-season variety is watered in the same way at first, but it is carried out much longer and more intense during the period of tying heads. Stop watering two weeks before cutting.

A late variety constantly needs moisture. Since this type of cabbage is used for storage in winter time, then a month before cutting watering should be stopped.. Otherwise, excessive moisture may affect the storage quality.

It is undesirable to water a vegetable crop rarely and in large quantities, since the roots are able to accumulate moisture, which contributes to their strong development to the detriment of heads of cabbage.

Top dressings and fertilizers

Growing and caring for white cabbage cannot do without top dressing. For the first time, it is recommended to do this two weeks after planting the seedlings during its intensive growth. For this used chicken manure, which is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:15.

The second feeding is also carried out after two weeks and use mullein infusion, which is prepared in advance and insisted for 10 days.

The third top dressing is carried out during the tying of heads of cabbage, while also using mullein infusion or herbal collection from wormwood, thistle, nettle.

Top dressing is carried out in the hole under the roots, trying not to fall on the leaves and it is necessary to combine this process with watering.

Disease and pest control

The main pests vegetable crop cabbage and scoop are considered. Sometimes you can observe the invasion of the cruciferous flea.

This culture is able to absorb various poisons that are used for spraying against pests, so it is best to use folk remedies to destroy them. For example, you can mix mustard powder and red hot pepper and this pollinate the heads with the mixture.

It helps to get rid of the cruciferous flea by spraying with a solution of ash - a liter jar in a bucket of water or vinegar essence, two spoons.

The most dangerous cabbage disease - keel which can be avoided by preventive measures.

Thus, growing white cabbage and caring for it is a rather difficult task. To get a good harvest you need do everything right and in due time and in a timely manner to rid the culture of weeds.

It must be remembered that early, middle and late varieties require different care, and the grown crop is also used for different purposes.

Cabbage has long been one of the favorite vegetables on our table. In the diet of many families, it occupies an important place. This tasty and healthy vegetable is used in many recipes. Not many gardeners refuse to grow cabbage in their area. But to get a great harvest, you need a good, strong seedlings. Consider the secrets of proper cultivation.

Cabbage cultivation and care

First, think about why and when you need cabbage. The timing of sowing seeds for seedlings primarily depends on this. If you want to enjoy a salad in summer period- take early varieties, if for salting and long-term storage- middle and late. Remember, the sowing time also depends on the ripening time.

Variety selection

The purchase of seeds should be taken seriously. With improper and long storage, germination is lost. Give preference to specialized stores.

First, before buying, get qualified advice from a consultant. Sellers will tell you which variety and why it is better to buy, what new items have appeared on the market.
Secondly, in specialized stores carefully control the quality of purchased products. They also receive products from breeding and seed companies. This is an additional guarantee to the buyer, the risk of purchasing low-quality seeds is reduced.
Thirdly, at the first request, a certificate of seed quality will be presented in a specialized store. It contains data on germination, purity and crop year.

Choose seeds different manufacturers and varieties. Thus, the probability of being left without a crop is reduced, if suddenly one of the varieties turns out to be with low germination.

Pay attention to packaging. There should be enough thick paper, pay attention to high quality photo plants, there were no smeared letters. Fraudsters save on packaging. There are white bags with seeds, their quality is often not worse than those with bright packaging. Such seeds are much cheaper. But they should also have all the information about the plant, weight or number of seeds in pieces.

The package contains information about the manufacturer: name, logo, legal and email address, phones. Title in Russian and Latin required, in accordance with the State Register.

Imported seeds tend to be more expensive and while many consider them to be of higher quality, this is not always the case. Buy a little more than you expect to sow. You may need to refresh the crops if the seedlings are too sparse.

Where to sow?

Seedlings for cabbage are grown in greenhouses, greenhouses and often in an apartment. The soil for sowing seedlings on the site begins to be prepared in the fall. The site is freed from weeds by digging a shovel onto a bayonet. At the same time, unevenness should remain, for better absorption of moisture into the soil. In the spring, the soil is leveled with a rake.

To heat the beds, warm manure is spread loosely up to 40 cm, sprinkled with lime or wood ash on top (to prevent fungal diseases). Consumption per 1 sq. m. should not exceed 0.5 kg of lime, 0.6 kg of ash. After 3-4 days, fertile soil or peat is poured with old sawdust.

Growing cabbage at home

Cabbage growing at home

If you grow seedlings on the windowsill, just buy earth mixture for: it has excellent properties, is quite soft and loose, contains the necessary organic, mineral fertilizers. The seeds are laid out neatly in rows in boxes and covered with earth with a layer of 1 cm. You can choose cups and plant a couple of seeds in them, but separately: after that, a stronger plant is left, and a weak sprout is pinched off (do not tear, so as not to harm the roots of the remaining sprout).

After sowing, watering is carried out, the trays are covered with a film until the first shoots. After that, the film is removed.

Don't forget that drainage is needed: if you haven't bought special trays for seedlings, just make holes in the containers that you will use so that the water does not stagnate, causing putrefactive diseases.

Hardening can be done already when the first true leaf appears, taking the seedlings into a cool corridor, veranda or even into the sun, exposing fresh air. Starting from an hour or two, after a week it will be possible to leave the seedlings on the street for the whole day.

Growing cabbage from seed

To disinfect seeds before sowing, they are heated in hot water to 50 degrees for about 20 minutes and immediately cooled in cold water. boiled water within 3-5 minutes. If desired, soak in a growth stimulator for several hours.

Cabbage growing from seeds, when to plant?

Approximate sowing dates: early varieties are sown in early March, mid-season - in the second half of April, late - in late March - early April.

Seeds are sown to a depth of no more than 1 cm. To preserve moisture, they are covered with newspapers or film on top. After 4-5 days they appear, then the film or newspaper sheets are removed.

Conditions for growing cabbage

Growing white cabbage

Until the first shoots appear, it is necessary to maintain room temperature(+20 degrees). Then we lower it to 6-10 degrees. At elevated temperatures and lack of lighting, the seedlings are strongly stretched and lie down. In city apartments, this is difficult to implement, but it is possible if you take them to a glazed loggia. Seedlings must be ventilated. Water once a week with a weak solution of potassium permanganate (3 grams per 10 liters of water).

cabbage pick

When the first true leaf appears (1.5-2 weeks after germination), the seedlings dive - they are planted in pots, cassettes or on large area. An hour before picking, pour plenty of water. They dig in and take with a clod of earth, the root is shortened by about a third. Planted, deepening to the cotyledon leaves.

Growing white cabbage in open ground

We sow in the greenhouse in rows, between which we leave 8 cm. In the row after germination, we thin out so that at least 5 cm remains between the cabbages.

After the appearance of 5-7 leaves in the seedling of early cabbage, 4-6 in the middle and late we plant in open ground.

Growing early cabbage open ground We start at the end of April/beginning of May. A little later - from mid to late May, late varieties are planted. From late May to mid-June, medium cabbage is planted. You should not plant too densely, because it is large.

Plant in the afternoon or at cloudy weather deepening to the first true leaf. After planting, watering is required.

Cultivation of cabbage in the open field photo

Further plant care consists in loosening the soil and regular watering. Cabbage needs moist soil. Shortly before harvesting, watering should be stopped (for 30-40 days, in arid areas for 15).

Features of growing cabbage in a seedless way are attentive to seedlings. You can sow several seeds in the hole, simply pulling out the extra ones and leaving the strongest sprout.

Some varieties of cabbage are grown in the simplest seedless way, even without watering: with frequent rains, on fertile soil. Seeds are sown immediately into the ground to a depth of 1.5-3 cm. Cabbage is not afraid of frost, you need to sow in early spring at the end of March - beginning of April. When shoots appear, they must be thinned out so that there is at least 40 cm between plants. Continue to care for the plants as usual.

Watering

Cabbage cultivation and care in the open field

Cabbage is watered abundantly under the root, wide ridges with deep rows can be arranged to facilitate watering: water will be collected directly in the row and provide the plants with moisture for several days.

Remember to loosen the surface when it dries. This should be done very carefully: the roots of the cabbage are fragile, they are on the surface. Therefore, deeper than 3 cm, do not deepen the chopper next to the seedlings.

top dressing

Feeding should be no more than once every 10-12 days, and only 10 days after planting in the ground. Preferably regular organic top dressing from manure, chicken manure or fermented grass. Half a liter of fermented composition is enough for a bucket of water to provide the plants with a good supply of trace elements and nutrients. Solution consumption - a liter for each cabbage.

Diseases and pests

To prevent cabbage fly spoilage, plant cabbage as early as possible so that it has enough time to get stronger. Pre-treat the seeds with Prestige solution or other pest control. The cabbage fly debugs eggs not far from the plant on the ground, after a week larvae appear from the eggs, which destroy the roots. Hilling is used to further strengthen the root system. If larvae are found, immediately treat the area with insecticides, and again a week later.

In hot, dry weather, cruciferous fleas and aphids harm cabbage bushes. To save the plants, they are sprinkled with sifted wood ash. Before tying the heads, processing is quite acceptable special preparations from cruciferous flea.

In wet weather, slugs may appear. In the fight against them, you can do without chemistry - sprinkle the area with mustard or ground pepper. Then collect the slugs by hand and destroy.

Butterflies debug eggs on leaves, after a while caterpillars appear and eat the plant. Gardeners spray the beds with an infusion of potato tops and tomato stalks with the addition of laundry soap.

Cleaning

When the heads of cabbage have become dense enough, they are cut off along with a few leaves (so that they lie longer).

Stored in a dark cellar at a temperature of 0 to +5 degrees, stumps down. If uprooted and hung on the ceiling, you can keep the harvest almost until spring and the cabbage will keep the crisp leaves unchanged, will not wither and remain very tasty.

After harvesting, cabbage leaves remain, which are used as feed for livestock.

Cabbage is necessarily grown by summer residents or owners of their own houses with an adjacent plot. Basically, gardeners are guided by white cabbage, since when it is bred in open ground, you can harvest a rich harvest, and for our climate it is one of the best options. Naturally, if you follow the rules of planting and caring for it. These questions will be the subject of the article.

Bed preparation

Any cabbage, regardless of variety, needs an abundance of light. The place chosen for its landing should be under the rays of the sun for most of the day. The shaded segments of the territory are unsuitable for its cultivation, since in this case about high yield no vegetables to speak of.

Cabbage loves slightly acidic soil, and such that moisture is retained in it well enough. Clay soils are considered the best for this crop. To obtain a high yield, the beds should be fertilized abundantly. Most often on garden plots humus is added to the ground. Such natural feeding is quite enough. If it was not introduced in the fall, at the end of the season, it is done in early spring, before the start of earthworks.

Crop rotation rules are the same for both large agricultural lands and modest land plots. In this regard, it is advisable to plant early cabbage varieties where onions, tomatoes, cucumbers, and turnips were grown last year. If the choice fell on late varieties, then their desirable "predecessors" are potatoes, beans, peas.

Main activities

Loosening the soil on the segment allocated for cabbage.
Top dressing of the soil (spring). Recommended fertilizers (except for humus) are potassium chloride, superphosphate, urea.
A few days later - re-digging beds.

planting cabbage

It is meaningless to recommend any exact dates, since each region is characterized by its own climatic conditions. Planting this crop in open ground is carried out mainly in the last spring month. Only approximate days can be given for different varieties cabbage (in May):

early - from the end of April to 10 inclusive;
mid-season - 11 - 22;
late - the last days of May.

When planting cabbage, as well as any other crop, it is advisable to focus on moon calendar. That means right choice lunar day, zodiac sign, phase of the "night Goddess". Since there is some shift over the years, then from this point of view, indicate exact dates landing in open ground is impractical, so as not to disorient the reader.

Landing features

In the soil, cabbage is placed in different ways. Some summer residents grow it in rows, on one plot of territory, others plant it along the line. The main condition is that developed (formed) heads of cabbage should not “interfere” with each other. The recommended distance (in cm) between rows is 65, seedlings - 45. For late-ripening varieties, the intervals increase slightly - up to 75 and 60, respectively.
A small hole is prepared for each plant, into which water is poured (a couple of mugs are enough). The sprout is deepened so that the first leaf is located above the ground. After that, the hole is filled up, the soil around the perimeter is slightly compacted, and watering is done again (in the same volume).
Some gardeners practice planting cabbage with seeds rather than seedlings. But this applies only to late-ripening varieties and provided that the soil in the region warms up early enough (from mid-March) and relatively quickly. In addition, the weather must be stable, without any "surprises" in the form of unexpected frosts. As soon as the first shoots appear, the bed is thinned out. The necessary distances between the sprouts are indicated above.
If it is cool enough at the place where cabbage is planted at night, then a greenhouse effect should be created for young seedlings. The best option- install supports (arcs) and cover the beds with plastic film. In principle, experienced summer residents are well aware of this.

cabbage care

Watering plots

Cabbage differs from the bulk of horticultural crops in that it "loves" water very much. But in the process of irrigating the beds with it, there is a nuance - watering is not characterized by constancy (it means its intensity and amount of moisture). This is regulated depending on the degree of development of culture.

From the moment of disembarkation until the beginning of the formation of heads - during this period, the frequency of watering gradually increases. Much also depends on weather conditions, therefore, the main criterion is the degree of soil moisture. For cabbage - about 75%. In practice, the plot is completely flooded with water so that it is well absorbed into the ground, and to a great depth. And the “older” the culture (and hence the longer its root), the more abundant watering is needed ().

In addition, its consumption increases as the leaves grow. And how to organize irrigation - once every couple of days, and more, or every morning, but in moderation, the owner decides. Days (sunny or cloudy), soil type and a number of other factors (for example, wind) are taken into account, but the meaning is clear. It is desirable that the soil in the place where the cabbage is planted never dries out.

During the ripening period - as soon as there are signs of tying heads, the intensity of watering should be gradually reduced. Too much moisture will cause the cabbage heads to crack.

Watering ends about a month before harvest. Otherwise, the cabbage will turn out "watery". For life, the moisture that a powerful root takes from the soil is already quite enough for her.

Soil loosening

The cabbage root develops down. For normal growth of the culture, it is necessary to provide constant access to it of moisture and oxygen. If you do not follow this, then it is unlikely that you will be able to grow large, strong heads of cabbage.

The first loosening is carried out as soon as it becomes clear that the cabbage seedlings have taken root in a new place. All subsequent events - with an interval of about a week. The main thing is that a crust does not form on the beds, and the earth is constantly loose. Therefore, the period once every 7 days is approximate, since much depends on the intensity of water evaporation, the illumination of the beds, and the strength of the wind.

Hilling

The cabbage root should be constantly sprinkled with earth. This will allow the appearance of side shoots, which also increases the yield of the crop. The first time hilling is done about 3 weeks after the seedlings are placed in open ground. Then it remains only to make sure that the bottom of the cabbage is “covered” with soil, which, when watered, can be partially washed away.

Fertilization

Activities for top dressing the soil in the beds with cabbage are carried out at least three times during the season.

The first. A couple of weeks after planting seedlings. The simplest and affordable remedy- manure (rotted). About 1 kg of dry or 1 liter is diluted per bucket of water liquid fertilizer. The consumption of the mixture for 1 well is about half a liter.
Second. The same, 2 weeks after the first fertilization.
Third. After the formation of heads. The composition of the top dressing is different - 10 g of urea (or potash fertilizer) on a bucket.

Pest control

cabbage fly

This pest lays eggs directly on the ground, and after about 7 to 10 days, larvae appear from them, which penetrate the soil and infect the young, which has just begun to form. root system cabbage. Therefore, a good harvest can not be expected.

How to fight

First. Plant seedlings as early as possible. By the time the larvae appear, the roots will already "come into force".

Second. Regular hilling. The more roots (including lateral ones), the lower the risk of death of cabbage seedlings.

Third. Treatment of beds with insecticides. It is done not only when signs of the appearance of larvae are detected, but also for prevention. Twice, thrice - as needed, with an interval of 7 - 10 days.

Aphid

The appearance of this unwanted "guest" is evidenced by the twisting of cabbage leaves and their acquisition of a pinkish hue. If you look at them back side, then you can find a pest colony there.

How to fight

Spraying cabbage with green infusions of tomatoes, potatoes, an ash-based solution with the addition of laundry soap.
Treatment of cabbage beds with insecticide preparations (several varieties are commercially available).

Cruciferous flea

One of the most dangerous enemies of cabbage. When it appears on the site, the heads of cabbage die literally before our eyes, within a few days.

How to fight

Spraying with preparations based on wood ash, mixtures of ash + soap, ash + tobacco (a glass for a bucket of ash solution).

cabbage butterfly

The danger is not she, but her eggs, from which caterpillars appear. Masonry is made on reverse side leaves.

How to fight

Treatment of the site with insecticides.
Spraying heads with infusions (4 kg of grass per bucket) of tomato or potato tops.

quila

Fighting methods

Unfortunately, most drugs are powerless here. What is recommended?

Regular inspection of cabbage plots and removal of affected plants.
Soil liming.

Experienced gardeners in their plots, in addition to white cabbage, often cultivate other varieties of it. When choosing a specific one, it is necessary to determine what exactly it is grown for, and the required number of heads. Separate recommendations, from the point of view of the author, will be of little use. experienced summer residents.

To the greens. You can make a lot of healthy salads from fresh cabbage. If it is planned to use it immediately for food, then you should focus on early ripening varieties - "Baby", "Bela", Stryapuha, "Zefir", "Gribovsky 147". Although this is not complete list but there is a choice. In such a cabbage, a high content of fiber, which helps to cleanse the body of toxins, improves the functioning of the digestive tract.
For storage. For this, varieties are planted late ripening- "Sugar Loaf", "Russian Winter", "Katyusha F1", "Ulyana F1", "Galaxy", "Kolobok".
For conservation (fermentation). In this case, you need to focus on mid-season varieties - Golden Nectar, Stakhanovka, Volley F1, Cook F1, Mother-in-law F1, Zosya F1, F Sprint, F Rinda.

As folk remedies In the fight against cabbage pests, infusions of tops (potatoes, tomatoes) are often mentioned. But where to get "raw materials" if these crops are still developing on the site? The answer is simple - do not completely burn the grass, but harvest (dry and store) since the fall. It will come in handy in spring and early summer.

Most gardeners are engaged in growing cabbage on their plots. For those who are not familiar with the rules for caring for this culture, achieve good results and getting a crop is much more difficult than for experienced summer residents. Growing cabbage in the open field is not an easy task and requires compliance with certain rules of care and watering.

Everyone is aware of the benefits human body, which gives white cabbage. It not only has an excellent delicate and juicy taste, but also contains many vitamins. In addition, it is valued for the possibility of high yields and long term storage.

Interesting fact! Heads of white cabbage are strongly overgrown central buds. Since this type of plant is biennial. You can dig heads and roots, hold in winter period in the underground, and in the spring to land in open ground. After some time, strong and tall (more than 2 meters) stems will grow from cabbage - flower stalks, on which pods with grains later appear.

A few words about cabbage

White cabbage has gained popularity for a long time. Previously, the cultivation of this vegetable crop was carried out by the inhabitants of Egypt. After some time, cabbage became known in Europe and Russia.

As a vegetable crop, it was, of course, appreciated for being stored for a long time in the winter season. Sauerkraut is considered a valuable source of vitamins.

Cabbage pickle was used to restore strength and for a speedy recovery from serious illnesses.

White cabbage contains a large amount of ascorbic acid and vitamin U. Thanks to this, it helps to cope with various diseases of the stomach.

In addition, it is used as dietary product to combat excess weight, and are also often used for medical and cosmetic purposes.

All about cultivation and care

For rapid growth, white cabbage needs a sufficient amount solar energy.

Compared to other crops, it tolerates cold quite well, but is very demanding on regular watering and good fertile soil.

During periods of strong summer heat, when the thermometer is not more than 30 degrees, its growth and development stop.

Therefore, to get good fruit it needs to create optimal temperature- about 18 degrees. Ripe cabbage is able to withstand frosts down to -10 degrees.

Today, selectors have bred a variety of cabbage varieties and hybrids suitable for growing in different climatic zones.

This moment is quite important for gardeners, for the reason that only the right variety of plants gives good results.

Pick up suitable varieties can be based not only on the timing of the harvest, but also on the taste and size. Cabbage heads can be both very small and huge in size.

How to sow seedlings

How to grow good harvest cabbage? In order for white cabbage to give large and juicy fruits, it is recommended to plant seedlings first.

If you purchased seeds of early cabbage, then it is best to sow them in March. For this you will need:

several boxes or large pots;
garden soil;
mixture of sand and peat.

Mix the earth with sand and peat in advance at the rate of 1:1:1. Spread the resulting mixture into pots or boxes. Make holes in the soil and cover the seeds.

Pour a little water and put away in a suitable room. Do not dive seedlings, otherwise there is a risk poor development root system and, as a result, a small and loose crop.

It is advisable to sow a mid-season variety of white cabbage in April. To do this, you can use a box or a greenhouse. Performing the same steps as in the previous case.

Seeds of later varieties are best planted towards the end of April. Both a greenhouse and open soil are suitable for sowing.

In this case, until seedlings appear, it is recommended to cover the beds with polyethylene.

After ten days, it is necessary to feed the soil using mullein infusion. And a few days before you plant seedlings, you need to fertilize with mineral fertilizers.

If you put pots with cabbage seedlings on the windowsill, then you should carefully monitor that it receives enough solar energy.

Strongly elongated seedlings, in which long and flimsy stems are not advisable to take for cultivation. For the reason that a bad harvest will grow out of it.

How to prepare the soil?

Cultivation of cabbage in the country in the open field is more successful in those parts of the site where tomatoes, cucumbers or potatoes were previously planted.

For this crop of vegetables, it is very important that the soil is loose and fertile. Therefore, most summer residents start preparing beds for cabbage a few weeks before planting.

It is very important that the acidity of the earth in the area is not too high. Perfect option- slightly acidic or neutral soil. To reduce the level of acidity, you can use dolomite flour or lime. Such procedures should be carried out in the autumn.

If the soil in your garden is sparse and heavy, it is advisable to fertilize it by sprinkling it with sand and compost. Calculate from the ratio: number of buckets = square meters.

The land is also cultivated with compost in the spring before digging, adding superphosphate and wood ash. In order to save money, fertilizer can be applied to the wells.

Remember that the area in which the cabbage will grow must be flat. In addition, this vegetable needs good and regular watering.

In no case should the beds be allowed to dry out, otherwise the crop may die. It is desirable to plant seedlings with a distance between the beds = half a meter. Holes should also not be made too close:

for planting early varieties seedlings are best suited for the first days of May;
cabbage of medium varieties is planted on the beds towards the end of May;
late species - from the end of May to the first days of June.

It is desirable to plant plants in rainy and cloudy weather in the late afternoon. This is due to the fact that for weak, non-rooted seedlings, the bright and scorching sun is very dangerous.

Cabbage can die quickly. If the weather is sunny, then the seedlings need to be shaded. For this purpose, you can take branches or pieces of dense fabric.

Planted in pre-watered holes with plenty of water. This prevents the formation of void layers near the root system. Finally, fill the holes with dry soil up to the leaves.

In the process of planting and during further watering, carefully ensure that the kidneys located in the center, from which heads are then formed, are not drawn into the ground. When planting plants, do not dig them deep into the ground, otherwise you will not see the fruits.

Rules for growing white cabbage in open soil

There are several rules when growing, which must be followed without fail.

Soil loosening

How to grow cabbages in an open area of \u200b\u200bground? In order for the grown seedlings of cabbage to grow well and develop the root system, it is necessary to enrich it with oxygen from time to time.

Therefore, it is very important to loosen the soil and properly care for it. It is advisable to loosen the ground as soon as you planted seedlings.

The first time at a shallow distance - no more than ten centimeters. A little later, when the heads of cabbage grow up, you can work out at a greater depth - about twenty-five centimeters.

Watering rules

This type of vegetable is very demanding on moisture, so you need to water it correctly:

Early cabbage during germination should be watered regularly and in moderation. Most summer residents believe that it is enough to water once a day to keep the ground near the plants moist. However, when the heads of cabbage are just tied up, you can water more often. Fourteen days before cutting the fruit (the last days of June), watering should be stopped in order to avoid cracking heads.
Plants mid-season varieties require the same watering, but for a longer time. It is desirable to increase the intensity by the time the fruits are set up to two times a day. Do not water for two weeks before cutting.
Seedlings of late varieties need to be watered abundantly and often. As a rule, such heads of cabbage are intended for long-term storage in the winter. Therefore, they are not watered for a month before harvesting.

Important! When growing cabbage, it is not advisable to water occasionally and in large quantities. Due to the fact that moisture will begin to accumulate in the root system, it will develop rapidly and interfere with the growth of fruits.

Vegetable nutrition

The first time to feed the seedlings is necessary after fourteen days from the moment of planting on the beds, at the time of its strong growth. For this, fresh chicken manure, diluted with plenty of water in a ratio of 1:15, is suitable.

The next top dressing is also carried out after two weeks, but already using mullein infusion. It is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10 and infused for about ten days.

The third time they are fed when the fruit is set using the same infusion of mullein or infusions with weeds, nettles, wormwood and thistle.

Attention! It is necessary to pour the fertilizer into the holes, near the roots. It is advisable not to allow contact with the leaves. This procedure can be carried out in conjunction with watering.

Diseases and pests

Prepare a mixture of mustard powder and red pepper. Pollinate the fruits, so as not to allow falling under the leaves.
An ash solution will help in the fight against cruciferous flea. Mix with water at a ratio of 1 liter = 1 bucket of water.
You can also use vinegar essence. Put 4 tablespoons in two buckets of water.

A lot has been written about the favorite vegetable of a Russian person, but you can always find something that is still unknown about successful cultivation garden queens.

Even from the first centuries BC, information has come down to us about a wonderful vegetable - cabbage. Of course, she looked completely different from what she is now, but this does not detract from her importance in those distant times. Breeding research with the aim of breeding new varieties of white cabbage was especially intensified in the 20th century, when many different types vegetables.

The place for cabbage seedlings should be sunny, without shading.

Having dug up a plot of the vegetable garden for cabbage in the spring, potash, phosphate fertilizers are applied there, and in case of poor soils - humus, deepening them into the soil by loosening with a rake.

The placement of seedlings depends on the varieties of cabbage: early - at a distance of forty-five centimeters, and later - seventy centimeters from each other. Planting time for cabbage is different depending on the type:

Early ripe - from the second half of April to early May.
Medium varieties - until mid-May.
Late types of cabbage - until the end of May.

When planting seedlings, it must be remembered that it is impossible to deepen it much by falling asleep the outlet. It needs to be level with the top layer of soil. At low humidity, seedlings should be watered, and after soaking, sprinkle with dry earth.

It is better to plant cabbage in open ground during the onset of heat in the evening, and during the day, cover the leaves with a canopy of cloth so that they do not get a severe burn. Compliance with the rules for the care and planting of seedlings will help in the future to get strong, healthy heads of juicy crispy cabbage.

Although cabbage is classified as undemanding plants, but it requires special attention:

Watering the vegetable is carried out in an abundant way, spilling the soil up to fifty centimeters deep. During dry summers, up to ten waterings of three liters are made for each bush. You can check if a vegetable needs watering in this way: take some earth at a depth of 7 centimeters, squeeze it in your fist, and then throw it on the path. A crumbling lump indicates that the plant needs water. And the more leaves are formed on the plant, the more moisture it needs, because every day cabbage spends about ten liters of water on their formation. Reduce the amount of watering before harvesting so that the heads do not crack. Excess moisture for cabbage is also considered fatal, it begins to rot.
Top dressing is carried out together with watering, first two weeks after planting seedlings, and after every three weeks. Diluted (1:5) or (1:12) one liter per well is used as a fertilizer. And other fertilizers are taken on a bucket of water ammonium nitrate forty grams, potassium salt, superphosphate - twenty at the first feeding, and during subsequent procedures slightly increase the dose.
Loosening the land around the plantings is combined with vegetable bushes. Mulching with 5 centimeters peat also helps to maintain moisture, reduce the amount, and increase nutrients for the plant.

The juiciness of cabbage, which is so popular in salads and is necessary for sauerkraut, depends on proper care for a vegetable.

The most common diseases of white cabbage:

Of the most common fungal diseases of a vegetable is keel. Not only cabbage, but all of its relatives can be subject to this scourge. Infection with a fungus can be seen by stopping the head of growth, wilting of the leaves. A diseased plant is best destroyed. And to prevent the disease, add slaked lime to the soil, which will reduce its acidity. After the detection of pathology, it is necessary not to plant cruciferous representatives in this area in the future.
black spots on different parts plants speak of infection with a fungus that tolerates winter well in plant waste. Proper preparation seeds, removal of weeds, cabbage residues will help to avoid infection.
With leucorrhoea, areas appear as if covered with white paint on the cabbage, after which the plant begins to turn brown and dry. Preparations containing copper can save the vegetable.
The appearance of a mosaic pattern on young leaves indicates infection with a viral disease that is not treated.

To prevent infection of cabbage with fungal and viral diseases, it is necessary to follow the rules of a vegetable crop, spray seedlings with biological agents such as Fitosporin, Baktofit.

Harvesting and storage rules

Harvesting is carried out in the terms that are determined to achieve the ripeness of early, late plant species. The fact that the plant is ready for storage can be verified by feeling the head of cabbage, determining its density.

The cutting of the head for storage during the winter should be such that a long stalk remains, on which there is a pair of leaves. This will allow you to take moisture from them while lying down, keeping them for a long time. fresh look. Storing healthy, intact heads is best in a basement or cellar at freezing temperatures.

Cabbage is loved for its versatility. It is also good for making salads, first and second courses. It is fried, boiled, stewed, baked. And fresh salads sauerkraut- a pantry of vitamins, useful substances that make us healthy, curing many diseases, improving the functioning of the stomach and intestines. The cabbage leaf itself is used as a compress for inflammatory lesions of the joints, varicose veins.

More information can be found in the video: