Sublimated is a high-quality product, preserved for a long time thanks to high technologies. Sublimation: what does it mean

Instruction

Not only momentary emotions can be sublimated, but also accumulated sensations in general. Z. Freud this process as a "creative" defense: for example, an individual can direct dissatisfaction with his own personal life into creativity; anger accumulated at the authorities can be vented into gym; internal complexes can be compensated by external luxury.

Sublimation is never a release from inner conflict. It is only a part of the mechanism of social adaptation, and therefore it is a problem only to the extent that the analogue found is close to the main desire. For example, repressed sadism can be completely replaced by surgery, because. both processes are close to each other. On the other hand, physical activity can never completely replace the lack of personal life, therefore, the individual will not be able to replace one with the other for a long time.

Sublimation and its characteristics

Sexual desire and energy are part of the basic human instincts. It is believed that these instincts can be transformed into civilized, cultural forms. This process is called sublimation. The main type of sublimation is the transformation of sexual energy (the desire for sexual intimacy, the opposite sex, etc.) into aggression.

Aggression as the final stage of sublimation usually manifests itself in a competitive form: competition with colleagues in professionalism, competition in business, competition between students in studies, between young men in love with the same girl, etc. It is believed that the feeling of excitement and success in case of victory in a competition with an opponent is similar to the feeling of sexual satisfaction and sometimes even stronger than it.

What is sublimation for?

The sexual feeling is the most absorbing and powerful of all the human senses. Driven by such a passion, a person is able to develop in himself courage, sharpness of imagination, perseverance, willpower and hitherto unknown to him Creative skills. The power of sensual desire is so high and so overwhelming that a person often risks his reputation or even his life and does not think about the consequences in order to achieve the desired goal. By curbing this feeling and directing it in the right direction, a person can acquire all the mentioned attributes of divine power. The resulting creative abilities can be used in literature, fine arts, music and other types of vocational work. Thus, it allows you to transform emotions into a dynamic impulse to achieve success.

People with a well-developed sexual sense can achieve the most significant results if they can master the art of sublimation. Many people who have become millionaires or have become widely known in literature, fine arts, architecture, and industry have achieved such results under the influence of love and sexual desire.

Sexual energy remains the main of all stimuli produced for the "uplift" of life. People who stimulate their minds and deliberately practice sexual abstinence have more time, energy and opportunity to implement truly brilliant ideas. All that is needed for this is to fully devote yourself to some business, but do not stop thinking about the object of your sexual desire. As a result of this, a stream of the strongest energy is formed, which can be directed in the right direction.

Freeze-dried coffee belongs to a rare category of products whose quality is beyond recent times not worsened, but on the contrary, it became much better. This drink differs significantly from both powdered and granulated coffee. The main difference is in the special production technology.

Freeze-dried coffee is a crystal that forms when coffee is in a deep state. Getting this product itself is quite complicated and, therefore, such coffee is more expensive than or powdered.

The process "" implies the transition of substances from a solid state to a gaseous state, while excluding the procedure and subsequent transformation into a liquid. Initially, the extract is extracted from the ground coffee, producing traditional instant coffee. Then, using special equipment, this extract is frozen to a temperature of minus 42 degrees. After that, the coffee is crushed and sifted through a sieve. The resulting substance is loaded into a freeze dryer, from which all air is pumped out. Under the action of vacuum, the liquid evaporates from the granules and the coffee becomes solid. This coffee technology is considered one of the most advanced, it allows the taste and aroma of the drink almost in its original form.

One of the meanings of the word " steam"- a substance in a gaseous state, despite the fact that the gas phase is in equilibrium with its liquid or solid phases of the same substance. To observe the process, it is enough to put a pot of water on the fire. At the word" steam"There is a second meaning. This is a field that is not occupied by crops during the growing season and is kept clean.

Molecules of matter are not at all motionless. When a substance is in a solid state of aggregation, they move rather slowly. When the temperature rises, the movement of molecules accelerates, and some of them break away from the main mass. It is this process that you have observed more than once when cooking. Of course, water is steam It also works without heating, but this process is clearly visible if it is large or if you are a vessel with water unattended for a sufficiently long time. Simultaneously with steam ion is the opposite process - condensation. In this case, the molecules are back. You can observe this by putting water to boil in a sealed container. Opening the lid at some point, you will see that it is covered with droplets. This means that too many molecules came off, steam became saturated, that is, when its concentration became the maximum possible at a given temperature and a given pressure. Of course, in the case of a saucepan, the purity of the experiment cannot be achieved, because it is not hermetic and some of the molecules will certainly be removed from the system. During steam formation, the temperature of the entire system remains unchanged until all the liquid is used up. steam it. A gas is formed that has the same chemical formula, but a significantly larger volume. It has the same temperature. Only with full steam temperature begins to rise again, resulting in a superheated steam. Temperature of different substances steam education is different. However, it will be different and at different pressures. For example, at critical pressure, water turns into steam not at 100º, but at 0ºС. In this case, the phases of the substance are not separated. This property is found in steam new boilers. Usage steam and in the industry at one time caused a real revolution. The study of its properties began in France in the middle of the nineteenth century. Appearance steam carts and steam hods made it possible to obtain new communication networks, and the emergence steam new turbines caused the rapid development of energy. AT steam New devices used both saturated and superheated steam. The second has become more widespread, since its coefficient is higher. Working for steam power plants are still in use today. Another method has also been used in industry steam formations - sublimation. It is also called sublimation. In this case, it immediately passes into the gaseous state. This is possible with almost any substance at certain temperatures and pressures. The method is used to clean up . The substance is converted into a gas, while impurities that have others are removed. After that, pure crystals are grown from the purified particles of the substance. The sublimation method is also used in the space industry to provide thermal insulation for aircraft. steam atov during the descent.

What is sublimation

What does sublimated mean? This is the biological material from which water is extracted. The technological process is carried out as follows. Literally, according to the terminology of physicists, lyophilization is the transition of a substance from one state of aggregation to another, without an intermediate stage. The opposite of sublimation, desublimation, can be observed in nature in the form of frost and frost. As an example of sublimation in natural conditions, one can name the evaporation (sublimation) of elemental iodine, the liquid alcohol tincture of which is in every home first-aid kit. Iodine in nature exists only in two states - solid and gaseous, and in the liquid phase at normal conditions does not occur.

The Need for New Methods for the Preservation of Biological Materials

Initially, the need for long-term preservation of products arose among the military and among doctors. It was about preserving donated blood in the form of dry plasma. The creation and preservation of vaccines, sera and blood does not allow the addition of preservatives.

Development of the space industry for life support spaceships required new discoveries in the methods of water regeneration from moisture-containing objects.

Sublimation of berries and other vegetable fruits of the earth

Freeze-dried or freeze-dried, what does it mean for berries, fruits and vegetables? The same as for all of the above. This transformation solid matter into gaseous without passing through the liquid phase. The process is expensive, because it requires a lot of energy. Fruits, vegetables and berries are more than half water. During sublimation in a vacuum chamber, it is completely removed, but first, the fruits are quickly, in shock mode, frozen to a temperature of -100 to -190 degrees Celsius. With a sharp freeze, the intracellular fluid turns into tiny crystals and does not break the cell membranes. During normal freezing, the liquid expands and violates the integrity of the space in which it is enclosed. Sublimated is a product freed from water, but retaining its useful substances and properties. Moreover, with such drying, it completely retains its shape, color and smell.

Characteristic features of molecular drying products

Freeze-dried berries - what is it and how are dried by freeze-drying different from dried traditional way? The fact that they look the same on the outside as fresh. Due to the complete preservation of color and shape, they can be mistaken for synthetic ones, however, if they are lowered into a cup of water, they will absorb moisture within 10-15 minutes and become juicy, as if just plucked from a bush. At the same time, no dye, preservative or flavoring was added to the product. The weight of the sublime, respectively, is several times less than that of a non-dehydrated product.

The disadvantages of this method of processing include very high energy costs. Firstly, this is the creation of a high vacuum, and secondly, the need for very careful initial processing.

Freeze-dried coffee

At the beginning of the last century, the technology for the production of instant and then freeze-dried coffee was invented.

Produced by sublimation, or freeze-dried coffee, what does this mean? This means coffee made from coffee extract that was first frozen and then dehydrated in a vacuum. Instant coffee is obtained from the extract by evaporation without freezing and without the use of vacuum. Sublimated coffee, or, as it is commonly called, “freeze dry”, is much more expensive than instant coffee. Subsequently, it was from sublimated that they began to make granular. Coffee lovers still prefer natural beans. The fact is that during sublimation or in the manufacture instant coffee it largely loses the flavor for which it is so prized. Initially, this technology for processing coffee beans was ordered for the needs of the American army, because in the trenches it is inconvenient to grind grains and brew a drink in a Turk. The need for a product that does not require complex preparation and improves tone was great.

So, freeze-dried coffee, what does that mean? This means that a drink made from beans processed by sublimation still gives vigor, but does not please with an authentic coffee aroma and is quite expensive, although the cheapest and most unpopular varieties are used to produce freeze-dried and instant coffee. The best coffee sold in grains.

The use of sublimate in cooking

We can make an unambiguous conclusion that sublimated is a product that helps out in many situations and greatly facilitates the solution of many problems. From freeze-dried fruits and berries, you can cook a lot of different dishes. They can be used whole, or you can grind them in a blender and use the powder. They color and flavor creams and biscuits.

Whole berries are added to the filling for pies, to cereals, they are used to make healthy drinks. For example, tea with freeze-dried raspberries for colds is much more useful than jam or dried leaves of this plant. In our Russian natural conditions Berries harvested in season are not so easy to preserve. We cannot dry in the sun, as they do in Central Asia - the temperature is not the same, and when cooking compotes or jams, as well as freezing in an ordinary refrigerator, most of the nutrients are lost.

Sublimated berries, fruits and vegetables are very good to use for baby food. They can be ground and introduced into the diet in small portions.

Sublimation - the solution to many problems

Freeze-dried products are suitable for the formation of a dietary table for a variety of diseases. After all, the same rutabagas or pumpkins cannot be found in stores in winter. And such berries as mulberry, honeysuckle, and many other inhabitants of the northern regions will never be able to try, because they are practically not transportable due to their delicate structure. All hope for lyophilization. The sublimated product is a real find for humanity, a gift of science for all people.

Sublimation is one of the types of psychological defense, which was discovered by Sigmund Freud. This is the transformation of lower types of energy into higher ones. For example, sexual energy can be transformed into creative activity, used to achieve life goals.

The release of the psyche from the prevailing instincts.
Transformation of emotions and experiences that accompany human activity.
Transformation of low types of energy into forms acceptable to society.

Sublimation in philosophy

Despite the fact that the term "sublimation" was discovered by a psychiatrist, it is widely used in philosophy. Jung Stilling and the German philosopher Schopenhauer wrote about sublimation in their works. The interest of philosophers in the psychiatric term is due to the fact that it affects cultural aspects. It is the transformation of instincts into socially acceptable forms of energy.

Sublimation in psychology

In psychological science, sublimation is a concept that is seen as a protective mechanism that helps a person maintain a “human appearance”. Thanks to sublimation, a person deprived of the opportunity to satisfy basic needs does not become aggressive and maladaptive. He uses sexual energy to achieve life goals, create creative projects etc. Psychologists have proven that any unacceptable motive can be converted into constructive activity.

Sublimation in other sciences

In physics, sublimation is a concept that is considered as a transition from a solid to a gaseous state. It is from physics that the term "transferred" to other sciences, since it means the transition from one state to another. The word sublimation is even in cooking. For example, if we dry any cooked product, then we will get its sublimated version. In art, sublimation means the transfer of an image to another surface using special technologies. In esotericism, sublimation is the transfer of energy released from the chakras to the creative principle.

sublimation examples

How does sublimation manifest itself? Here are some examples:

Working as a surgeon is a transformation of sadistic tendencies.
Police work is a transformation of propensity to violence.
The work of a pathologist is the transformation of a hidden interest in corpses and death.
Creative achievements are the sublimation of unsatisfied sexual energy.

Sublimation according to Freud

Sigmund Freud was the first to use the term. He considered it within the framework of his theory - psychoanalysis. In Freud's understanding, sublimation is the transformation of instincts into socially important forms of activity. Aggressive energy can be released in sports or strict methods of education, and eroticism in friendly relations and creative activity. The main goal of sublimation is to reduce sexual desire, to "switch" to other activities.

Sublimation in art

Sigmund Freud and all the followers of psychoanalysis believe that all outstanding works of art were created thanks to the sublimating energy that was released as a result of unrequited love and dissatisfaction in sex.

Freud cites Leonardo da Vinci as an example. This outstanding person did great amount discoveries. Whatever he undertook, he managed to achieve excellent results. This is due to the fact that he completely abandoned sexual life.

Freud also explained his colossal performance by the fact that at the age of 40 he stopped having sex. He did this consciously, so he called such a transition conscious sublimation. Freud was an atheist, but at the same time he shared religious views regarding sexuality. He considered it acceptable only if a person wants to have children. By the age of 40, Freud was already the father of 6 children, so he did not see the point in sex.

Sublimation theory

T. Adorno established the relationship between sublimation and television manipulation. When watching TV shows, a person seeks satisfaction not in artistic impulses, but in satisfaction of repressed needs. For example, a person who represses any acts of violence in Everyday life, satisfies the unconscious need for watching crime TV shows and detective series. Scientists have proven that the demonstration of acts of violence on the screens significantly reduces the number of crimes in real life.

How women sublimate

The transformation of sexual energy is different for each person, because we all have different professions and preferences. There are some features of sublimation in women. Unfortunately, the fair sex does not have many options for transforming sexual energy.

If a woman does not get enough sex, she can get creative, play sports, house cleaning, "hit" in the upbringing of children. And if the first 3 options benefit not only the woman, but also others, then the last method of sublimation can turn into disastrous consequences. By studying and applying new methods of upbringing, a woman runs the risk of “falling in love” with a child, as a result of which he will either quickly move out or grow up as an infantile person who is not able to make independent decisions.

How men sublimate

Men have more sublimation options than women. Here is some of them:

Build a career. They plunge headlong into work, so they use their physical reserves for professional achievements.
Find themselves in creativity. Men in such periods manage to create real masterpieces.
They are actively involved in sports. Physical activity is constantly increasing, becoming daily.
They find a favorite thing or completely "surrender" to any hobby. It can be fishing, hunting, football, playing musical instruments, etc.

sublimation rules

Most people sublimate unconsciously, so their lives can change both for the better and for the worse. If you do not have enough sex, transform unused energy competently. This is how you reach good results and you can improve your quality of life. To do this, just follow the rules of sublimation:

Engage in the development of imagination: read books of a fantastic genre, you want to go to exhibitions of artists, do any kind of creativity. Thanks to this, you will be able to make a large number of discoveries, make your wildest dreams come true.
Treat every day as a divine gift. Try to communicate with new people as often as possible. It will give you new experiences.
Trust your intuition. It will help you make incredible discoveries, give you new ideas that will improve the quality of your life.
Use the black hole effect. It is often used by scientists, inventors, artists, writers and others. creative professions. To fully concentrate on the task at hand, close yourself in a dark room for several hours. When you abstract from external influence, brilliant ideas may come to you.
The feeling of falling in love is similar to any emotional upsurge. Therefore, try to live any situation “to the maximum”. Do things that bring you joy and pleasure, communicate with positive people.

How to sublimate sexual energy?

Sublimation is a transformation that can be useful in different aspects life. The best way sublimation of the need for sex - creative work. Sex is one of the most accessible and powerful species energy. If something changes in this area, then human life as a whole also changes. The world is perceived differently, health improves, relationships with others improve. In order not to lose all this, experts advise you to get creative. When artists and writers talk about their muses, they mean the sexual object that helped them transform their sexual desires into creative energy. Many creative people, realizing the power of sublimation, deliberately deprive themselves of sex in order to achieve best results in the profession.

How to transform aggression?

Violation of the instinct of aggression leads to self-destruction, thanks to which a person maintains his life. Aggression cannot be "saved" into oneself, it is necessary to find ways to "defuse". Here is some of them:

Sublimation of aggression by methods of psychoanalysis.
The transfer of emotional experiences to inanimate objects.
Sports. The best option– sports where there is an aspect of competition.
Engaging in creative activities.

The word "sublimation" is used in many sciences. Sublimation is a transformation, a transformation. AT broad sense it means a transition from one state to another. However, most often this term is used in psychology, where it is seen as a variant of psychological defense. Sublimation helps a person to transform aggression and sexual impulses into socially acceptable forms of energy. Thanks to this, a person can live a harmonious life and achieve high results.

Without relenting. This change of the original sexual goal to another, non-sexual, but psychologically close to it, is called sublimation.
In psychoanalysis, most often it is about a change of mental states, a therapeutic transition from melancholy to joy, from grief to pleasure. This is how the protective psyche works, which transforms the energy of sexual desire into a socially approved goal. AT . 1950s Amer. television showed a cycle of programs for young parents. They showed how to swaddle a baby, how to feed him. The most famous experts in the country gave advice to the newlyweds. Then the audience was held to reveal the popularity of the cycle. It turned out that many parents had no idea about the program at all. But childless viewers watched TV lessons with increasing enthusiasm. It was those who did not have children who with pleasure "swaddled the child", "played" with him, joined the parental alphabet.
The TV cycle example can be discouraging. It was assumed that the one who creates an idol for himself is aware of his actions. Here, a different picture emerged. It turned out that the viewer lives in a world of intense, unconscious motivation; he rejoices and suffers, is obsessed with repressed inclinations, desires, aspirations. It is these motives, and not at all critical ones, that determine his actions.
S. is one of the main sources of artistic creativity and intellectual activity and provides their energy basis. T. Adorno, who discovered the effect of a complex interweaving of love and hatred for television characters, came to the conclusion that the sublimation effect can enhance the manipulation of consciousness. Spiritual man is largely determined by the tyranny of the unconscious. The individual seeks in the television spectacle not eternal truths, not a reason for deploying analytical abilities, not deep artistic impressions. He reaches for the TV show under the influence of psychological drives. In this fact lies, according to Adorno, the secret of the duality of consciousness. Rejecting it as a thinking object, the average viewer finds in screen crimes an attractive spectacle, a redeeming liberation from everyday experiences.
Monotonous, exhausting, constantly gives rise to dissatisfaction in a person. Many of his aspirations and expectations do not come true, and therefore are forced out into the sphere of the unconscious. All this is born in the fictitious implementation of failed plans, in a distraction from the unpleasant reality. Roughly speaking, a person needs a psychological one, and he finds it in the plots of mass culture. Psychologists say that when detective, criminal performances are on the "blue screens", real crimes are reduced. Bad inclinations, in the language of psychoanalysts, are sublimated.

Philosophy: Encyclopedic Dictionary. - M.: Gardariki. Edited by A.A. Ivina. 2004 .

SUBLIMATION

(Late Latin sublimatio, from lat. subli-mo - I lift high, I lift) in psychology, mental the process of converting and switching the energy of affective drives to goals social activities and cultural creativity. The concept of S. was introduced by Freud in 1900; in the concept of psychoanalysis developed by him, S. is considered as one of the types of transformation of drives (libido) opposite to displacement. In social psychology, S. is associated with the processes of socialization. S.'s problems are given means. in the psychology of creativity, child psychology, sports psychology and others

Philosophical encyclopedic Dictionary. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. Ch. editors: L. F. Ilyichev, P. N. Fedoseev, S. M. Kovalev, V. G. Panov. 1983 .

SUBLIMATION

(from lat. sublimare to lift up)

thinning, . In Freud's psychoanalysis, the transformation of a repressed sexual desire into a spiritual one, mostly in the realm of religion, metaphysics, or art. It is in this sense that explains the activity in the field of culture; cm. Resublimation.

Philosophical Encyclopedic Dictionary. 2010 .

SUBLIMATION

(Late Latin sublimatio - elevation, from Latin sublimo - I raise high, elevate) - in theories of values means the construction of value from the lowest to top level(for example, Max Scheler); in Freud's teachings - a special substitution or deviation of instincts from their inherent orientation, with Krom the original (usually sexual) attraction is replaced by another, more socially acceptable. In psychology "S." introduced Freud in 1900. In psychoanalysis, the concept of S. is used to explain the psychological. mechanisms of creativity and denotes the transformation in this process of lower (mostly subconscious) drives. Interpreting as one of the ways to discharge the internal. tensions and conflicts, Freud tried to explain it from the standpoint of biological. determinism; with this t. sp. he acted as a failure of S., and S. - as a "successful neurosis." The obvious narrowness of such an explanation gave rise to a dilemma: to do away with biological. determinism and recognize the freedom of choice and decision in creativity or declare its results only a more refined and disguised form of expression of the same fundamentals. drives (claim as "elevating"). Having chosen the second of these paths, the authors of numerous Freudian writings on the problems of creativity assert the existence of a direct connection between the results of creativity and a small number of variants of the basics. drives and their pathological. deviations. For example, according to the works of T. Reik, Goethe's work, his "Olympism" is the result of compensation for paranoid psychosis, to which Goethe is said to have been close in his youth; at the heart of Dostoevsky's work is a sense of guilt generated in childhood by his hostile impulses towards his father (I. Neifeld, Dostoevsky. Psychoanalytic essay, translated from German, L.–M., 1925). A large role in the formation of art is given to compensation for childhood traumas (Z. Freud, Leonardo da Vinci. Recollection of childhood, M., 1912). From these positions, creativity appears as a kind of self-made. psychotherapy.

Psychoanalysts have done a lot of research to identify the conditions of S. and its accompanying processes. General scheme sublimatory activity was proposed by E. Bergler, who singled out five levels of S. with the input and switching of a number of mental. mechanisms. Within the framework of the so-called. egopsychology, in addition to the process of transferring or replacing the object of attraction, emphasizes the role in S. of the transformation of energy itself - it into a form suitable for specific performance. ego functions.

Freud and especially his followers often associate the doctrine of S. with Plato's doctrine of eros. But if in Platonism the lower forms of being are derived from the higher ones, then in Freud, on the contrary, the higher forms are reduced to the lower, to the only real biological ones for him. processes. According to M. Scheler, in the doctrine of S. reveals himself as inverted or as a "play for a fall"; considering the fact that psychic is involved in creativity. and psychosomatic. processes of different levels, the Freudian doctrine of S. tries to reduce these levels to one - drives and their material; while being creative. how the creation of a new quality eludes direct investigation.

Lit.: Freud Z., Delirium and dreams in Gradiva, in the book: Jensen V., Gradiva, Odessa, 1912; his, I and It, trans. from German., L., 1924; Kris E., Psychoanalytic explorations in art, N. Y., 1952; Bergler, E. O., On a five-layer structure in sublimation, "Psychoanalytic Quarterly", 1945, v. 44, no 1.

D. Lyalikov. Moscow.

Philosophical Encyclopedia. In 5 volumes - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia. Edited by F. V. Konstantinov. 1960-1970 .

Synonyms:

See what "SUBLIMATION" is in other dictionaries:

- (chem.) an operation consisting in the separation of volatile dense bodies, for example. ammonia, pyrogallol, benzoic acid, from non-volatile. Dictionary foreign words included in the Russian language. Pavlenkov F., 1907. SUBLIMATION [Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

sublimation- (from Latin sublimo I exalt) the process and one of the main protective mechanisms of the psyche of the transformation of the energy of sexual desire (libido), characterized by the replacement of the sexual goal with the goal "more distant and more valuable in social relations».… … Great Psychological Encyclopedia

Sublimation- Sublimation ♦ Sublimation Change of state (from heaviest to lightest) or direction (from lowest to highest). The word "sublimation", originally denoting moral elevation, was adopted ... ... Philosophical Dictionary Sponville

- (from the Latin sublimo I exalt), sublimation, the transition of a substance from a solid to a gaseous state, bypassing the liquid stage. Sublimation is a first-order phase transition. The process of sublimation goes with the absorption of energy, called the heat of sublimation. Reverse… Modern Encyclopedia

- (Latin sublimo to elevate, elevate) A psychological category that has actively entered the humanities of the 20th century. in the Freudian (see: Freud) interpretation. According to Freud, S. is mental process, as a result of which the energy of natural ... ... Encyclopedia of cultural studies

- (from lat. sublimo I raise high, lift up), sublimation, transition to va from crist. states directly (without melting) into gaseous; occurs with the absorption of heat (phase transition of the first order). C. one of the varieties of vaporization, possible ... ... Physical Encyclopedia

Sublimation- this is a protective mechanism of the psyche, responsible for relieving internal stress, using the redirection of energy to achieve the results of socially acceptable goals, for example, in creativity, in sports, metaphysics or religion. Sublimation in Latin (sublimare) means to uplift or inspire. Initially, this term expressed moral exaltation. For the first time, this judgment was stated by Sigmund Freud in 1900. In social psychology, this protective mechanism of the psyche is associated with the processes of socialization. The problems of sublimation are given significant importance in child psychology, in the psychology of creativity, and in the psychology of sports.

Sublimation what is it? This term can also mean:

– water ice removal technology vacuum way from fresh, frozen products, biological materials;

- the conversion of a substance from a solid to a gaseous state without being in a liquid state;

- in printing, this is a method of transferring an image to different surfaces: polyester fabrics, metal, wood, ceramics;

- sublimation in psychology is the transformation of libidinal energy into creative energy.

Sublimation according to Freud

In accordance with the concepts of his theory, Sigmund Freud described the protective mechanism of the psyche as a deviation from biological energy (sexual desire from its direct goal and redirecting it to socially acceptable tasks).

Freud considered sublimation as an exclusively "positive" defense, which promotes constructive activities, as well as the removal of the internal tension of the individual.

Such an assessment of sublimation is present in any therapy that is not aimed at ridding the individual of his internal conflicts, but at finding a socially adaptive solution.

sublimation method widely used in . In the concept of psychoanalysis developed by Freud, sublimation is interpreted as a kind of transformation of drives (libido). Currently, sublimation has several meanings and is understood more broadly, but regardless of its nature of origin, sublimation is called the redirection of unacceptable impulses. It can take many different forms.

sublimation examples:

- by doing surgery, you can sublimate sadistic desires;

- giving preference to the fine arts, jokes, anecdotes, you can sublimate the excessive attraction to intimacy.

Everywhere, daily surprises await a person in the form of various problematic or overstressed situations that need to be relieved.

sublimation process helps the individual not to ignore internal conflicts, but to redirect the energy of the individual to find ways to resolve them. This expresses the main function of sublimation in psychology.

And her energy can be transformed in sports, for example, in karate or in the severity of raising her own children - applying exactingness towards them. Eroticism can sublimate into friendship.

When he is unable to give vent to his instinctive desires, he subconsciously seeks that activity, that kind of occupation, thanks to which these impulses will be released. Freud explained the creative activity of each individual precisely because of the protective mechanism of the psyche.

sublimation mechanism transforms traumatic, unwanted, negative experiences into different types demanded and constructive activity. Throughout all activity, Freud referred to sublimation certain types of activity prompted by desire, which are clearly not directed towards a sexual goal, these are: intellectual research, artistic creativity, from the point of view of society valuable activities.

So, sublimation in psychology is a protective mechanism of the psyche, which performs the function of relieving internal stress and redirecting this stress to socially significant objects.

Sigmund Freud believed that everything that man calls "civilization" may have arisen due to the mechanism of sublimation.

Psychoanalysts argue that many outstanding works of art are the achievement of sublimating energy from, which are associated with collapse and failures in personal life (often lost or rejected love, unsatisfied sexual instinct, etc.).

As an example, Freud refers to Leonardo da Vinci, the famous painter, engineer and scientist. He practically created the unthinkable for one person. Whatever he undertook, he achieved perfection. At the same time, he had a complete lack of interest in sex.

Sigmund Freud claimed that Leonardo became exceptional because, without internal struggle, he had a complete sublimation of sexual desire - libido. This is how Freud interpreted his own, similar position and attributed his amazing performance at the age of forty to the result of a complete, conscious sublimation of sexual energy. Sigmund Freud, being an atheist, shared the Jewish morality that sex is "decent" only for the purpose of procreation.

"Biographical psychoanalysis" shows that many famous works were created when the authors noted either the loss of love, or disappointment, or the inability to meet the object of passion. Through creativity, energy found its way out. Fantasy in the works completed what the authors lacked in real life.

In psychoanalysis, sublimation is often understood as a change of mental states: from grief to pleasure, from melancholy to joy. That's how it works psychological protection, modifying the energy of sexual desire into a socially acceptable goal.

Theory of sublimation. T. Adorno established the effect of a complex connection of love and people to television heroes and concluded that the sublimation effect can multiply manipulation. After all, the spiritual life of a person is largely developed by unconscious preferences. For example, when watching television, a person is not looking for a reason to develop analytical abilities or artistic, deep impressions and eternal truths. He is drawn to watching programs due to the influence of psychological drives. In this lies the secret of the duality of consciousness.

An ordinary TV viewer, rejecting violence in life, finds an attractive spectacle in screen crimes, and for him it also acts as a redemptive liberation from everyday experiences and overstrains.

Monotonous, exhausting everyday life tirelessly gives rise to disappointment in the individual. Most of his aspirations, hopes do not come true, and are forced into the sphere of the unconscious. All this awakens the need for the artificial realization of failed plans, for abstraction from the hateful reality. In other words, the individual needs psychological compensation, which he finds in watching television or surfing the Internet.

Psychologists assure that watching detective, criminal TV programs reduce the number of real crimes, because when watching the bad inclinations of a person are sublimated.