The best top dressing of cucumbers in the greenhouse and in the open field. Top dressing cucumbers in the open field, the most effective ways

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is one of the most common plants. It can be found in vegetable gardens all over the world. It is unpretentious, and when grown it will not cause much trouble, but fertilizer cucumbers - a mandatory procedure, under any conditions. Timely applied top dressing significantly increases the yield and taste of this crop.

To create plants good conditions, it is necessary to properly prepare the soil. For greenhouse and soil cucumbers, the composition of the soil mixture is different, so a separate option is offered for each case.

Greenhouse soil

Cucumbers in greenhouses are most often grown in greenhouses - on high earthen piles, fenced with a structure made of wood and film, which allows you to open and close the garden. If tomatoes grow in your greenhouse, then next to it you can arrange ridges, best of all with her south side- the plants will receive enough light, and to a large extent will be protected from the wind. Another benefit from this neighborhood is that the cucumber greenhouse will immediately have a ready-made supporting wall - the greenhouse wall. AT northern regions and in middle lane the beds are heated, making biofuel from organic matter of animal and vegetable origin. For this purpose, a collar about 0.5 meters high is poured from stale manure or last year's compost, which is covered with a layer of earth.

It is formed from the following components:

riding -1 part.

Humus - 1 part.

Soddy land (can be replaced with garden black soil, after pickling it with a solution of potassium permanganate) - 1 part.

To this mixture is added mineral fertilizers. For 1 sq.m. take 10 g of ammonium nitrate, 20 g (or 30 regular), and 10-15 g of potassium sulfate. It is necessary to prepare the soil a week before planting seeds or planting seedlings - it should have time to settle and slightly compact so that the plants do not fail when watering.

You can use fresh manure, but then the ground layer should be thicker. The same applies to plant residues - if there is no ready-made organic matter at hand, then fresh grass is laid in the base of the greenhouse, which must be poured abundantly with water and covered with earth. As the village grandmothers say, the greens will “burn”, that is, decompose with the release of heat, providing a comfortable temperature for the cucumbers.

Do not forget about the disinfection of the greenhouse, because many pathogens and microorganisms hibernate on its inner surface. To get rid of these uninvited guests, it is necessary to treat glass, film and structural elements with a bleach solution. It is diluted in a proportion of 300 g per 10 liters of water, and kept at room temperature for several hours.

open ground

Cucumbers love warmth, so it is advisable to plant them in lighted areas, protected from the wind. good place for them there will be a plot at the fence, or at any building, the shadow of which covers the garden only after 9-10 pm.

It is advisable to prepare the earth in the fall. After cleaning from weeds, it is dug up and fertilized. In September - October, "long-playing" mineral supplements are introduced, with long term decomposition, as well as fresh manure - the best fertilizer for cucumbers, which will perepreet in the soil until spring.

Not always present in organic fertilizers required amount minerals other than nitrogen, of course. It is always in abundance in organic matter, because it is formed from plants that animals feed on. But phosphorus may not be enough. Therefore, when preparing the soil for growing cucumbers in open ground, in the fall, superphosphate is introduced, which decomposes for a long time in the soil-retaining complex. On cultivated land use phosphate fertilizers at the rate of 15-20 g per square meter, and on the poor - 25-30g.
In autumn, other mineral fertilizers must also be applied. For 1 sq.m. take 10-25 g of potassium salt, 15-25 g of ammonium sulfate and up to 25 g of ammonium nitrate. To simplify the feeding process, you can simply apply a ready-made complex fertilizer.

By the way, if the site has just begun to be developed, and before that the land “rested”, then fertilizers in the first year can not be applied at all - there is enough of everything in the soil, and the harvest will be good without top dressing.

Growing seedlings

In order to get finished products as quickly as possible, it is necessary to grow cucumber seedlings. If then it is possible to transplant it into a greenhouse, then you can start already in early April.

Seeds are pre-disinfected, slightly dried, and planted in ready-made soil.. It can be done with your own hands - take one part of high-moor peat, one part of humus and two parts of garden soil. Mix all this, and pickle with a solution of potassium permanganate. After processing, shed the finished soil with warm boiled water and dry slightly (so that it is not slurry). During the drying time, the earth will settle. Usually 24 hours is enough.

Seeds are planted in the prepared soil not germinated - so the seedlings are stronger. You have to wait 3-5 days for them. Several seeds are planted in a pot, and after germination, weak sprouts are pinched, leaving the strongest.

After the cucumbers have 2-3 leaves, they can be safely transplanted into closed ground. This is best done in inclement weather so that the plants take root better. With this method of cultivation, the first harvest (taking into account the fact that some varieties have a growing season of 45-55 days) can be obtained as early as late May, early June.

The second stream of seedlings is planted in May. In this case, the finished product can be received in early July. And these cucumbers (depending on the variety chosen) can bear fruit until the end of August.

To prolong fruiting, there is a tricky trick. A well-developed cucumber lash is added dropwise with earth closer to its end. After a couple of weeks, when the plant takes root, the rest, if it has already left the fruiting period, is cut off. The scourge will begin to develop and bear fruit again, and until the frost, there will be delicious and fresh cucumbers on the table.

Seedling transplant

Cucumbers do not like transplanting. Many gardeners grow seedlings in peat, (soluble) pots, through which the roots can easily continue to grow, or in eggshells, which are easily crushed by peeling. root system.

Seedlings are transplanted on a warm, but not sunny day, in calm weather. The earth in pots is pre-moistened. If it is not peat pot, which is simply buried, then the plant must be laid on its side, and gently tapping on the walls, release the earthen lump covering the roots.

After that, it is immersed in a pre-spilled hole, into which a teaspoon is poured in parallel to stimulate growth. By the way, this agrochemical is used for many plants, due to its composition, it is positioned as a universal fertilizer for cucumbers and tomatoes.

When to carry out the first dressing of cucumbers and how?

If cucumbers, both indoors and outdoors, grow well and strongly, then there is no need to rush with the first feeding. Her can be delayed until flowering. But, if the plants are weak, then they need to be fed.

There are many ways to feed cucumbers before they enter the mature growth period. They can be fed with complex, nitrogen-containing mineral fertilizers (ammophos or azophos), individual fertilizers, organics (, bird droppings). The basic rule for the first additional fertilizer of cucumbers is that top dressing should have enough nitrogen in its composition.

Second top dressing

This top dressing is carried out during the fruiting of cucumbers. Plants that form a large mass of fruits actively consume all the necessary substances from the soil. During this period, it will be appropriate to apply phosphate fertilizers, as well as with a sulfur component.

The second top dressing is carried out in order to “take out” all the nutrients from the available soil, cucumbers do not rest on their laurels and do not interrupt fruiting.

Feeding is carried out in several stages. The first - after the appearance of fruits. Plants are watered with a solution of nitrophoska (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water). The second time is a week later. Root top dressing is carried out by dissolving 0.5 l and 1 tsp in 10 liters of water. potassium sulfate.

The following top dressing of cucumbers is carried out at intervals of a week. The main principle is the balance of the composition. Therefore, growth stimulants, ready-made gum fertilizers, and herbal infusions will be appropriate here.

Some interesting facts about growing cucumbers

If the leaves of plants acquire purple hue(especially with hypothermia) - cucumbers lack phosphorus. To save the plants, it is necessary to carry out their foliar top dressing with an extract from superphosphate.

When planting seedlings, do not bury the cotyledon leaves into the soil. Under the influence of moisture, they will begin to rot, and this process can affect the entire whip.

A tasty crop can be grown using a universal fertilizer for cucumbers and tomatoes - potassium nitrate. Potassium has the most positive effect on the taste of finished products, due to its ability to process glucose into sugar and retain it in plant cells.

Yeast can be used to fertilize cucumbers. They contain a large number of useful substances that are in an easily digestible form. In order to prepare top dressing from cucumbers, we take 10 g of dry yeast and 10 liters of warm water. We insist for two hours, and again dilute the resulting suspension in 50 liters of water. We water the beds with the resulting composition.

The effect of various nutrients on cucumbers

Nitrogen

Nitrogen is the most important element for the normal development of plants. The others are also very important, but this one is essential. Without it, the existence of all plant flora is impossible, therefore nitrogen fertilizers are applied very first. Characteristic signs of its shortage is the inhibition of the growth of cucumbers. But such a phenomenon can only be observed on very poor soils, such as sandstone or loam, which has been used for planting for many years.

But a less striking sign of a lack of nitrogen is the yellowing of the leaf. By the way, it is also characteristic of a lack of potassium. But the difference lies in the fact that when there is not enough nitrogen, the yellowness spreads along the leaf veins, and when there is a lack of potassium, along the edges of the leaf. Another sign is that the leaves turn pale before the appearance of yellow stripes, becoming light green. Fruits with nitrogen deficiency become short, pale and thickened.

To prevent nitrogen starvation when growing cucumbers, you need to take care of the composition of the soil in advance. Together with nitrogen fertilizers, it is desirable to apply molybdenum and iron, which contribute to the change in nitrate nitrogen (NO3), and its transition to the ammonia form (NH4), which does not accumulate in fruits in the form of nitrates harmful to humans.

Nitrogen is found in many organic and mineral fertilizers. In manure, horse and cow, in, in compost and in peat. When organic matter is introduced into the soil, the yield of cucumbers increases markedly. Also, organic fertilizers are used to make "hot beds", which not only nourish the earth with nitrogen, but also warm the plantings.

The use of compost and manure (or humus) is almost the same. In the southern regions, they are brought in during digging (at least 1 bucket per square meter), where the soil warms up well even without biofuel.

Chicken manure is well suited for fertilizing cucumbers - it should always be taken 10 times less than cow dung. It is best to use it in fermented form - warm solution the litter is placed in a room with room temperature, and they wait for several days. The color of the resulting solution should be like that of weakly brewed tea. We pour this liquid over the earth after digging, slightly mixing the top layer with a rake.

Potassium

Potassium deficiency is a serious diagnosis for cucumbers. With a lack of this element, the yield is significantly reduced, and the finished product loses its presentation - cucumbers take the form of jugs, with a thin long base, and a small barrel-shaped bottom. This happens due to the fact that in the process of fetal formation, potassium does not reach all tissues, and the fetus “shrinks”. This is bad, the cucumber becomes tough and not tasty, and also loses its juiciness.

Signs of potassium deficiency are yellowing and browning of the leaves. It starts from the edges of the sheet, and goes to its leg. After the leaf has died, the neighboring ones turn yellow. If the roots of the plant were able to extract at least a small amount of potassium from the soil, then it goes, first of all, to the fruits, and not to the leaves.

The use of this agrochemical helps plants fight various diseases and pests (strengthens their own immunity). It also increases the yield and taste of finished products. This fat is completely soluble in water, and is used as a solution for root nutrition, as well as for drip irrigation and irrigation of hydroponics systems. When working with it, you must use personal protective equipment.

For quick resuscitation of cucumbers that are deficient in potassium, you can carry out foliar feeding. But be careful, if the permissible concentration is exceeded, you can burn the leaves of the plant. The recommended doses for feeding cucumbers on a leaf are 10 g per 1 liter of water.

The very first feeding of cucumbers with potassium is carried out in the spring. Consumption-12-20 g / sq.m. The fertilizer is spread in an even layer over the surface of the earth during digging. In order to get to the roots of plants, it needs moisture, and during the time that the bed settles, potassium will dissolve in the soil complex, thanks to the water retained in it from melting snow.

Calcium

If there is not enough calcium, the local immunity of the plant decreases.. This substance is necessary for the proper formation of cell walls and membranes. The lack of calcium negatively affects the crop, the already established ovaries die off, and the flowers dry without blooming. The fruits of plants lose their taste and presentation.

When growing cucumbers, you can correct the lack of this element. To do this, the leaves of the plant are sprayed with a solution of calcium fertilizer, preferably before flowering.

And, in order not to have to quickly save your landings from the lack of this element, you can take a number of preventive measures. For example, add calcium to the soil before planting cucumbers. Many summer residents recommend making crushed for this purpose. It will be useful, but mainly for loosening the soil. Calcium from its composition directly poorly passes to the roots of plants. The shell is best used as an infusion, which is also suitable for foliar feeding.

The most rational way to draw calcium out of the shell is to put it in compost. Planted in the summer of one season, by the spring of the next it will give up most of the Ca to the substrate, and the resulting fertilizer will become excellent top dressing for cucumbers. To keep more calcium in the eggshell, try to keep the shell away from raw eggs. When boiling, about 70% of the calcium remains in the water. By the way, this property is used to make extracts from eggshell, which produce leaf top dressing.

Honey top dressing - we attract bees

Very often, when growing cucumbers, gardeners face the problem of insufficient pollination of plants. To attract insects, you can conduct honey top dressing of cucumbers. We dissolve a couple of spoons of this wonderful delicacy in 3 liters of warm water, wait for it to cool down, and use a herbal broom or sprayer to carry out foliar feeding. After this manipulation, the situation with fruit set should improve.

Another way to help pollinate cucumbers is mechanical. During flowering, it is necessary to shake male flowers over female flowers several times a day (there is no ovary on male flowers). But this method is used only with a small amount of landings.

What to do with cucumber leaves?

So the season has ended, the harvest has been harvested, and it's time to clean the beds after the ground cucumbers. They now have a lot of prickly lashes, partly already dried up. Just throwing them away is irrational, it is better to put them into action, to prepare fertilizers from them. There are two ways of processing tops. The first - burn, and get a potassium-rich fertilizer, . The tops should be burned after good drying, in a stone bag along with wood chips. The resulting ash, after cooling, must be poured into a plastic bag, tightly sealed, and placed in a dry place for storage until spring.

The second way to sell cucumber tops is to process it in compost. A large amount of biomass that is removed from the beds contains elements such as nitrogen and potassium. With the closed composting method (the pile is covered with a film), they will not evaporate, and having interacted with other nutrients, they form an excellent fertilizer by next spring, which can be used, among other things, for fertilizing cucumbers.

Video: educational film on growing cucumbers

Cucumber is considered the most demanding crop in terms of soil fertility. To obtain a high yield of 30-35 kg / sq. m and more, several conditions must be met. On the one hand, the soil must contain a large amount of nutrient compounds. However, the culture does not tolerate a high concentration of elements in the substrate. Therefore, to ensure balance, cucumbers are fertilized with fertilizers. Let's take a look at their main types.

Nitrogen fertilizers for cucumbers

They are necessary for culture at almost all stages of its development. Nutrient compounds are especially relevant at the beginning of the growing season, as they contribute to the formation of leaves. It should be remembered that the use of fertilizers for cucumbers can adversely affect the condition of the fruit. For example, ammonium nitrate is undoubtedly useful for culture. However, it can accumulate in fruits as nitrates, which are harmful to humans. When choosing fertilizers for cucumbers in a greenhouse, you should focus on those in which NO3 is present. They can be used both with proper drip irrigation and spraying. If, at the beginning of growth, an excessive amount of potassium and phosphorus is added to the soil, and the N content is insufficient, this will negatively affect the state of the crop. The plants will be large, with a large number of male flowers and a small number of small ovaries. Subsequent application of the necessary fertilizer for cucumbers in the greenhouse will not correct the situation.

Phosphorus

This element is needed for cucumbers in small quantities. However, it must be done continuously. Phosphorus ensures the normal growth and functioning of the root system, the rapid growth of green mass. The main thing is to apply phosphate fertilizers on time and correctly. It is important for cucumbers to get the necessary nutrients for timely and abundant flowering. Phosphorus also ensures normal fruit set and ripening.

Potash fertilizers for cucumbers

The culture desperately needs such mixtures, as they provide movement nutrients from the root system to the rest of the plant. Potassium contributes to normal vegetative growth and fruiting. It is during active maturation that it is necessary to increase its quantity. At the same time, nitrogen fertilizers for cucumbers are applied in smaller volumes.

Cucumbers do not tolerate chlorine. It is quite often present in nutrient mixtures. However, the potassium needed by cucumbers is used in conjunction with chlorine (KCl). In order to avoid harm to plants, the mixture is applied for autumn digging. With the top open in the greenhouse, all the chlorine will be washed away by snow and rain. To spring landing the desired element will remain in the soil.

Mineral fertilizers for cucumbers are applied to different amount. It depends on the quality of spring and autumn digging, soil characteristics. In addition, you should pay attention to the condition of the leaves. It is not necessary to make mixtures immediately under all plants. It is advisable to feed a few bushes and look at their condition. If after a few days they feel good, then you can make mixtures for the rest of the plantings.

Excess or lack?

To determine what fertilizers are needed for cucumbers, periodic diagnostics should be carried out. There are a number of signs that indicate which element is in excess and which is lacking in culture. You can determine what fertilizers are needed for cucumbers by following the following simple instructions:

The growth of the plant stopped, a bluish tint appeared on the young leaves. These signs indicate a lack of phosphorus.
The leaves brightened and decreased, the fruits began to thicken and shorten, and their color, regardless of the variety, became pale green. In this case, there is not enough nitrogen.
Growth slowed down, a light green border appeared along the edge of old leaves, which began to spread between the veins towards the middle, the edges wrap inward, and the fruits acquired a pear-shaped shape. All these signs indicate that potash fertilizers are needed.

For cucumbers planted in unprotected soil, a different ratio of the necessary elements is required. It depends on the condition of the soil, as well as the period in which they are applied.

Fertilizers for cucumbers in the open field must be balanced. To ensure normal development and growth, you should know the recommended amount of the necessary elements. So, per plant consumed:

23 g of nitrogen.
19 - calcium.
14 - phosphorus.
5 - magnesium.
58 - potassium.

Per kilogram of fruit, you need:

2.64 g of nitrogen.
2.19 - calcium.
6.6 - potassium.
1.55 - phosphorus.
0.57 - magnesium.

The culture is characterized by a long period of absorption of nutrients. But during the formation of fruits, each bush consumes a large amount of K2O (up to 1 g) and N (up to 0.6 g). In this regard, the lack of compounds leads to a sharp decrease in yield. When choosing fertilizers for cucumbers in the open field, it is necessary to take into account the needs of plants at a particular stage of the cycle.

Plant transplant

2-3 days before planting seedlings in the greenhouse, it is advisable to sprinkle the seedlings with a solution of trace elements and add a nutrient mixture. So it will be easier for plants to survive the change of conditions and stress. For cultivation in protected ground, you can prepare a mixture of manure and soddy land. For pre-composting, it is prepared as follows:

Shift 10-15-cm layers of turf with manure (30 cm each) and sprinkle with phosphorite flour. When hyperacidity soils add lime. Burts should be made at least 2 meters high. Every two months, the compost is shoveled, watering with slurry.

In newly commissioned greenhouses, layer-by-layer fertilization is recommended. Compost or manure is laid on the underlying layer at the rate of 25-40 kg per square meter. m and dug up to a depth of 20-25 cm. Horse (fresh) manure with sawdust is added to the loosened mixture. Such a pillow will serve as a drainage. In addition, it contributes to better nutrition of the root system. A composted mixture 25 cm thick is laid on top of the prepared layer. After that, fertilizers are applied for cucumbers. The main dressing includes a full dose of the phosphorus mixture. The rest are made in the following quantities:

Nitrogen - 0.5 doses.
Magnesium - 0.5.
Potash - 0.75.

The remaining parts should be added later.

Important point

When applying fertilizers to the main dressing, it is necessary to pay attention to the amount of ammoniacal nitrogen in the protected soil. At a young age, the culture is very sensitive to its high content. Its share should not exceed 25-30% of the total volume of nitrogen. This is especially important in winter period, in heated structures. With an insufficient amount of light and carbohydrates, plantations do not use ammonia to form protein compounds and amino acids. In such cases, fertilizers for cucumbers in nitrate form should be used.

Plant nutrition

When growing cucumbers in protected soil, fertilizing is a must. It is difficult to keep a large amount of nutrients on a limited amount of land. For example, K and N are washed out very quickly. When loosening materials are added, a lot of nitrogen is required to decompose organic compounds and feed microorganisms. Phosphorus can be excluded from mixtures by adding it only to the main dressing. This is especially true for soils that have been used for more than a year. Mixing is best done in the morning. The first feeding is carried out a month after disembarkation. If there are signs of insufficient amounts of iron and magnesium, spraying is necessary. To do this, prepare a 0.1% solution of Mg sulfate and a 0.1% solution of Fe citrate (or also its sulfate).

Growing in unprotected soil

The culture develops well in fertile soil. On soddy-podzolic soil, plants should be planted in the second year after the introduction of a large amount of organic mixtures. It is not recommended to plant cucumbers in fresh manure. Although it can be made in the fall during the digging process in the amount of 5-10 kg / m 2. Mineral fertilizer can be replaced with a mixture of simple ones: 20 g of urea, ammophos or double superphosphate, 30 g of potassium magnesia and 20 g of potassium sulfate. This mixture is designed for 1 square. m.

When planting seedlings, two feedings should be carried out with chicken manure or mullein. The first is done 14 days after germination. The second dressing is carried out two days before planting in unprotected soil. After that, recharge is carried out every 10-15 days. Fertilizers for cucumbers before flowering should contain a lot of N. Subsequently, plants need phosphorus in large quantities. Feeding can be done complex fertilizers: nitroammophoska and "Stimul-1" (15 g each) or 30 g of a fertilizer garden mixture with trace elements without chlorine per 10 liters of mullein. However, it is not always possible to prepare such a mixture. In this case, the volume of mineral fertilizers should be increased by one and a half times.

fruiting period

In its active phase and during its attenuation, cucumbers need K and N. Feeding plants with complex soluble mixtures is very effective (20 grams per 1 m 2). This top dressing is especially good on light soils, where the crop may be deficient in magnesium. Phosphorus is needed to prolong fruiting. Superphosphate is applied before rain or watering. The second way is best. With the optimal amount of phosphorus, cucumbers also need potassium nitrate without chlorine.

If a complex mixture is not available, you can combine several simple ones. For 10 liters of water: 10 g of potassium sulfate or 20 g of potassium magnesia, 10 g of urea. The resulting mixture is designed for 1 square. m. All irrigation can be combined with the addition of wood ash. It is rich in calcium and potassium. For one hundred liters of water you need from 40 to 100 g of ash. Top dressing with such a solution can be carried out after rain.

A nettle infusion also has a beneficial effect on the state of the culture. The grass should be kept for a week. The infusion is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:7. Plants are watered with a solution every other day. When cloudy weather is established during the growing season, it is recommended to carry out foliar top dressing with urea (20 grams per 10 liters of water).

When cultivating vegetables in the field, it is easy to provide them with basic and additional nutrition (top dressing) by applying the necessary fertilizers. In greenhouses, this task is more difficult due to the limited soil layer, the rapid accumulation of unused fertilizers, which contribute to the rapid salinization of the soil. Excessive nutrition causes the accumulation of unused substances (nitrates, nitrites) in the fruits, causing poisoning and often contributing to more serious diseases. Cucumbers, on the other hand, are a fast-growing crop with weak roots, unable to regulate nutrient intake. To grow a quality crop, you need a nutrition system that will take into account what fertilizers cucumbers need in the greenhouse, in what quantity and combination.

Other optimal conditions in the article we will consider the organization and conduct of dressing cucumbers in greenhouse conditions.

What nutrients are needed for cucumbers

In protected ground from mineral fertilizers, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers are of the greatest importance for cucumbers. As a rule, they should be easily soluble and highly concentrated. To form high-quality products, cucumbers need trace elements: boron, manganese, magnesium, calcium, copper, zinc, cobalt, molybdenum. Their use should be combined with doses of basic fertilizers. High doses of phosphorus increase the plant's need for zinc, nitrogen - for copper and manganese, potassium - for boron. Therefore, fertilizers are produced in the form of complex ones, including several elements.

Cucumbers need increased amounts of carbon dioxide, one of the sources of which is organic matter. Experienced borage growers, preparing the soil for cucumbers, necessarily form an underlying layer of manure or compost with sawdust of about 30-40: 60-70%, using 2-4 buckets of the mixture per square meter. m area. Bedding pad - good drainage. It provides partial nutrition for the root system of plants, is a source of beneficial microorganisms and carbon dioxide.

Soil preparation in a greenhouse is extremely important for cucumbers

The litter is covered with a 25-30 cm layer of soil, seasoned with basic fertilizers, of which only phosphorus is applied at a time the entire dose. Potash and nitrogen use only 70 and 50%, respectively. An excess of fertilizers is negative for the formation of vegetative and fruiting organs of plants. Microfertilizers are recommended to be used with a clear deficiency, which can be easily established by the external signs of the leaf mass of the crop. If solutions of organic fertilizers are used in dressings, then microelement starvation of plants does not appear.

Cucumbers are demanding on the gas environment, mainly on the concentration of carbon dioxide. For optimal photosynthesis, the amount of carbon dioxide in the greenhouse must be increased. Therefore, starting from the flowering phase, lay out by about 9-10 o'clock in the morning 150-200 g of dry ice per 10 square meters. m area. Blocks of ice are placed on stands above the plants.

Dry ice is a source of carbon dioxide

Root and foliar top dressing

Studies of the responsiveness of cucumbers to the provision of nutrients have shown that for the normal development of cucumber plants, regardless of variety, 30-70 g per 1 sq. m, according to age. When carrying out root top dressing with fertilizer solutions, their concentration should be 0.3-0.7%. Top dressing is always applied to moist soil. Foliar top dressing is carried out with ballast-free water-soluble fertilizers using a small-drop sprayer. The concentration of the solution is not more than 0.1-0.2%, unless otherwise recommended in the accompanying.

When feeding cucumbers, it is advisable to combine both types of dressings, especially in poor lighting and low room temperatures. It is important not to overfeed the plants. Cucumbers leave excess nutrition in the form of mineral salts in fruits, without converting them into organic compounds (fruit wasting).

Types and doses of fertilizers in the preparation of dressings

For root dressings, the main fertilizers are nitrogen, phosphorus and potash. They are diluted in a ratio of 2:1:1, not exceeding 20-30 g / bucket of water and use 1-2 square meters. m area. Can be replaced with the same dose of nitroammophoska.

If the growth of cucumbers is delayed, then 2-3-week-old plants can be fed with a solution of urea 20 g / bucket or 15-20 g of nitrophoska and applied under the root.

For foliar top dressing, complex (tank) solutions of the following composition are prepared. Separately, a solution of basic fertilizers is prepared (see above) and separately a concentrate of micronutrient fertilizers from boric acid, molybdenum salt, potassium permanganate, magnesium sulfate, iron and copper sulfate. In 2 liters of water, a teaspoon without the top of boric acid is dissolved, and the remaining elements are 0.3-0.5 g each. 10-12 ml of the prepared microelement concentrate is added to the tank mixture and the plants are sprayed. You can spray the plants only with a solution of trace elements. In order not to bother with the preparation of a microelement solution at home, you can buy ready-made in the store, dissolve according to the recommendations and process the cucumbers. The main thing is not to overfeed the plants.

They will begin to intensively form a vegetative mass, and the fruits will be ugly hooks.

Organic solutions are prepared for root dressings:

1 part of manure is diluted with 5-7 parts or bird droppings with 14-15 parts of water and applied under the root of the plants. Plants are washed from possible burns clean water.

Chemical industry produces fertilizers for cucumbers: Breadwinner, Ideal, Fertility, Giant and others. They can be used in breeding according to the recommendations.

For foliar feeding, Epin, Zircon, Humat are produced, which are also growth stimulants. Ready-made fertilizers are convenient to use. They dissolve easily, do not require time, but increase the cost of grown products.

Fertilizer Agricola

Top dressing mode

The number of dressings and the period of their implementation is determined by the owner. If the plants are green, well leafy, form a lot of female ovaries, do not feed.

If the summer is warm, the plants do not get sick, the bushes are well developed, you can limit yourself to 2-3 root dressings.

If the summer is cloudy, rainy, the temperatures are low, foliar dressings are added to the root dressings. In cold weather with a lack of lighting, the root system of cucumber plants does not work, and nutrition through the leaves contributes to the normalization of nutrition. In this case, foliar top dressing is carried out in low doses through small sprayers in the evening or morning.

Under optimal conditions and a high load of plants with an emerging crop, both types of top dressing should be carried out, preferably according to the classical scheme, which provides for 4-6 times top dressing.

Top dressing of cucumbers in various phases of development

It is carried out in the phase of the first leaf.

1- For 5 liters of warm water, 5-7 g of boric acid and baking soda, stir and spray the plants. You can use 5-8 drops of iodine instead of soda.

The second dressing root and foliar

It is carried out in the phase of 3-4 leaves (2 weeks after planting seedlings). We present possible options:

1 - Scatter dry nitroammophoska over the soil, 30-40 g / sq. m area. Seal with loosening. Water.

2 - In its absence, prepare a tank mixture (10 l) from superphosphate (15 g) and 10 g each of ammonia and potassium salt. You can add 1 cup of ash extract to this mixture. To extract 2-3 cups of ash, pour 3 liters of warm water for 2-3 days. The solution is stirred. Filter. 1 cup ash stock solution is added to the tank mix. Apply to moist soil. Close up loosening.

3 - Dilute the same composition in 20 liters of water for spraying plants.

4 - Dilute manure at the rate of 1:6-8 and bird droppings 1:14-15 and bring under the root.

5 - Run simultaneously with mineral top dressing(first option) foliar trace elements.

The third dressing root and foliar

It is carried out in the phase of the beginning of flowering and the development of the first ovaries.

1 - Nitrofos, potassium nitrate (20 and 30 g) and a glass of ash mixed in a bucket of water and put under the root. Rinse residue from plants with clean water.

2 - 50 g of nitroammofoski scatter neatly on a square. m area and water.

3 - superphosphate 30-40 g and scatter a glass of ash per sq. m wet area and close up with hoeing.

4 - For 2-3 days, carry out foliar top dressing with a set of trace elements, always with boric acid.

The fourth dressing root and foliar

It is carried out in the phase of mass fruiting.

1 - Repeat one of the options for the second or third top dressing.

2 - Spray the plants with urea (10 g/10 l of water).

3 - You can limit yourself to top dressing with dry ash with embedding in wet soil by hoeing.

5 and 6 top dressing

Apply if the plant is alive, but weakened by the formation of previous crops. As a rule, by the end of fruiting, some of the shoots are exposed. The leaf mass occupies the upper half of the lashes. It is possible to spray with ammonium nitrate, urea, an organic solution, a solution of trace elements, but in very low concentrations, since by the end of the growing season all processes in plants slow down.

For owners engaged in organic farming, this feeding system is quite acceptable, since fertilizers do not belong to pesticides and, in the proposed quantities in combination with organic matter, do not adversely affect the living microflora of the soil. If the soil for cucumbers is well fertilized with mature organics, you can limit yourself to fertilizing with ash, organic solutions, decoctions and infusions of herbs (green organics).

Many gardeners unknowingly apply fertilizer to the soil right before planting seeds, but it is not recommended to work at this time. And all because of the fact that the culture big number mineral salts in the soil is detrimental. The most suitable optionduring the preparation of the beds for cucumbersthe use of rotted manure is considered. The mixture is applied during the digging of the garden under the top layer of the earth. In this case, manure will serve as an excellent soil heater, because it is moist and warm soil that cucumbers need for development.

As for fertilizers, it is enough to carry out literally four top dressings over the summer. Organics or, the use of the root and foliar method - here each gardener must choose the most suitable method for him. However, it is desirable to combine methods. So, for example, for warm weather, they are best suited when the roots of cucumbers are well developed. If it's standing in the yard overcast weather, it is best to use the foliar method, spraying the leaves of the plant.

Whichever method you choose, the first time cucumbers are fed 15 days after planting, the second time - at the beginning of flowering, the third - during fruiting. If you want to extend the life of the plant, you can feed the cucumbers a fourth time.

The best fertilizer for cucumbers and the choice of feeding method

Cucumbers are best perceived by organic and mineral fertilizers, they are rather cool towards chemicals. And despite the fact that even in bad conditions you will still get a crop, top dressing should be applied, which will make the plant more resistant to disease.

Top dressing with mineral fertilizers:

First root dressing. We take 5 g of ammophos per meter, evenly distribute the fertilizer over the beds. The incorporation of the preparation is carried out during the loosening of the soil.
The second top dressing can be both root and foliar. In the first case, in a 10 liter bucket of water, we dilute 30 g of ammonium nitrate and superphosphate and 20 g of potassium nitrate each. In the second case, we take 2 tablespoons of superphosphate for a 10 liter bucket of water and spray the plant.
The third dressing (root). In a bucket of water (10 l), stir either 50 g of urea or two tablespoons of potassium nitrate.
The fourth dressing (foliar). For a bucket of water of 10 liters, we need 15 g of urea. After mixing the ingredients, spray the cucumber beds with a solution.

Use of organic fertilizers:

For the first feeding, slurry is best suited - for 8 liters of water, one liter of solution or comfrey infusion in a ratio of 1:5.
Suitable for the second top dressing: take a glass of ash for a 10-liter bucket of water, stir it and put it under the roots of the cucumber.
For the third root dressing, purchase the Gumi preparation: for a 10-liter bucket of water, 2 tablespoons of the preparation are enough.
The fourth dressing should be foliar. For work, the spray solution is prepared in advance. We fill the rotten hay with water in a ratio of 1: 1, we insist the mixture for two days, and only after that it is possible to spray the plants. This will not only extend the growing season, but also protect your plantings from diseases such as powdery mildew.

A few tips for gardeners:

in order not to burn the plants themselves, it is best to water the cucumbers with a watering can without a sprayer, pouring the solution between the plants;
fertilizing preferably in cloudy weather.

Knowing which fertilizer is best for cucumbers will help you rejuvenate the plants by preventing yellow spots on the leaves, which will also help you improve photosynthesis.

Combining foliar top dressing with the use of humus and needles for the root system of cucumbers, you will significantly extend the fruiting period.

Fertilizers for cucumbers in a greenhouse: from theory to practice

Plant nutrition in a greenhouse is somewhat different from the technique used when working with cucumbers in the open field. It is also carried out several times, while it is important to observe the normalization and dosage of fertilizers. So, for example, cucumbers do not tolerate an abundance of chemical and organic dressings, which can disrupt their growth and fruit development. Thus, when moving, fertilizers are used in small doses.

You can also prepare the soil in advance, which should consist of manure and sod land. The mixture is prepared quite simply: a layer of turf up to 15 cm thick is mixed with a layer of manure 25–30 cm thick, sprinkled with phosphorite flour. When working with acidic soil lime must be added. Plants planted in such soil will grow much faster, receiving all the nutrients they need.

If work is carried out in greenhouses or greenhouses that have just been put into operation, gardeners recommend the layer-by-layer application of organic matter and soil mixture. First, manure is introduced at the rate of 30 kg per square meter and dig up the soil to a depth of 25 cm. Fresh manure on wood residues is applied to the prepared layer - this mixture will become excellent drainage and improve the nutrition of plant roots. After that, mineral fertilizers can be applied.

Despite the fact that the frequency of top dressing is about two weeks, it is advisable to monitor the condition of the plants - if you see that your cucumbers develop normally even without fertilizers, you can wait a bit with the introduction of additional funds. Understanding what fertilizers are needed for cucumbers, do not forget that an excess of such substances can adversely affect both the plant itself and the yield.

Cucumbers are healthy and popular vegetables. They are grown both in open ground and in greenhouses. For normal growth and good fruiting an important component of agrotechnical measures is the feeding of cucumbers. What nutrients a vegetable needs, how and when to add them, read the article.

How to prepare the greenhouse and soil

Immediately after harvesting, which occurs in the autumn period, the greenhouse must be cleared of plant residues and the soil dug up. All structures made of metal, wood, glass, plastic should be treated with a disinfectant. You can use bleach at the rate of 300 g per bucket of water. But before use, the composition is infused for three to four hours.

When growing cucumbers, top dressing is required for them. But we must not forget that the soil depleted during the previous season also needs fertilizer. Its acidity will decrease if you first add rotted manure, humus or compost. One bucket of organics is enough for an area of one square meter. After that, the soil is enriched with fluff lime or dolomite flour at the rate of 300 to 500 g per square meter of area.

In the spring, you need to dig the site again. About half a month before planting cucumber bushes, a certain amount of nutrients should be added to the soil:

superphosphate and ammonium nitrate 20-30 g;
potassium salt 15-25 g;
potassium sulfate 20 g.

After that, the soil must be poured with an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate (three grams per bucket of liquid) and covered with a film, which is removed just before planting.

Top dressing during cultivation

In different periods of the growing season of plants, cucumbers in the greenhouse need to be fed. At the beginning of development, the vegetable needs nitrogen, during the period of active growth - potassium, and during fruiting - phosphorus and abundant watering so that the fruits are juicy. Top dressing of cucumbers under the root is carried out with organic fertilizers.

Mineral supplements can be applied by root and foliar methods. Top dressing of cucumbers is carried out in the following periods:

Half a month after landing.
after the plants bloom.
At the beginning of fruiting.
During the period of mass ripening of vegetables.

Top dressing of greenhouse cucumbers under the root

When three or four full-fledged leaves appear on the plant, root dressing of cucumbers is carried out in the greenhouse. What fertilizers can be used for this?

The first top dressing is carried out with ammonium nitrate, sulfuric or potassium chloride in the amount of 15 g of each fertilizer and double superphosphate, which you need to take a little more - 20 g. The whole set is bred in a bucket of water, with a capacity of 10 liters. This composition is enough to water 10-15 bushes. This procedure falls on a period when the roots are strong enough and able to consume the required amount of nutrients.

The second feeding of cucumbers with fertilizers is carried out after half a month or even 3 weeks after the primary one. At this time, cucumbers begin to bloom and form ovaries. They need a lot of potassium. The need for nitrogen is also present, but to a lesser extent. However the best top dressing for cucumbers are fertilizers with organic composition. To do this, use chicken manure or mullein. The composition of the solution includes the following components:

liquid litter - 0.5 l;
nitrophoska - a tablespoon;
water - 10 l;
boric acid- 0.5 g;
manganese sulfate - 0.3 g;
potassium or ash, in its absence - 50 g.

The consumption of the prepared composition is small: three liters per square meter.

The third time cucumbers are fed half a month after the previous procedure. This time they use liquid mullein, for which they dilute it in the amount of one and a half to two tablespoons in a bucket of water with a capacity of 10 liters. Solution consumption is more: 7-8 l. The fourth dressing is done in two weeks with the same composition.

The need for foliar top dressing

When growing cucumbers, vegetable growers draw up a feeding scheme, which necessarily includes a foliar method of fertilizing, that is, spraying the leaves with useful compounds. You can buy them in the store ("Epin", "Zircon") or cook them yourself. Here are some recipes:

Superphosphate, nitric potassium, boric acid, sulfuric manganese, zinc sulfate are taken in proportions: 10/30/1/0.4/0.1. The unit of measure is grams.
For another composition, a 1.5% solution of urea in an amount of 50 g is diluted in ten liters of water. If this solution is combined with mulching, fruiting is extended for some time. As mulch, needles, humus or sawdust.
Boric acid is dissolved in water (1 l) in the amount of a teaspoon and potassium permanganate crystals, 10-12 pieces are enough.

Such top dressings have some advantage: fertilizers are immediately absorbed by plants, and useful material has less loss. But you should always remember that this power supply is optional. Useful substances obtained by foliar feeding do not saturate plants with all the elements they need. It is used in cases where cucumbers lack one or more substances or they do not have enough sun, since the domestic climate is characterized by many cloudy days. Similar top dressing is carried out for cucumbers grown both in the open field and in the greenhouse.

Cucumbers in the open field

The beginning of planting these vegetables in the beds falls at the end of spring and continues until the beginning of the first summer month. Plants find themselves in a new environment, which differs from the previous temperature and soil composition. In order for cucumbers to quickly take root and bear fruit well, you need to prepare it in advance. In the future, in the process of growth, cucumbers should be fed in the ground, as a result of which the yield will increase, and fruiting will be longer in time.

For cultivation, choose a sun-protected, but not very shaded area. It is important that before this, tomatoes, root crops, legumes or corn grow in the garden. You can not grow cucumbers for several years in a row in one place. It is undesirable that the predecessors of the culture were zucchini.

The plot is prepared in the fall. It is carefully dug up with simultaneous incorporation of fresh manure, compost or humus into the soil at the rate of 5 kg / m². Organics are rich in nitrogen, but other trace elements are contained in it in small quantities. Therefore, in spring period potassium and phosphorus should be added to the soil. Enough of them 10-25 g / m² and 15-30 g / m² of superphosphate.

Top dressing of cucumbers in open ground

For good growth and abundant fruiting, cucumbers need nutrients. Vegetables in the open field are fed during the same periods of development as in the greenhouse. For this, fertilizers of organic and mineral composition are used, as in greenhouse cultivation: mullein, litter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.

Below in the article are examples of dressings for cucumbers, regardless of where they grow.

Folk recipes

Foliar feeding of vegetables is carried out using folk remedies. So, infusions from additives of organic origin are a good food for cucumbers.

Preloe hay is poured with water (the ingredients are taken in equal proportions) and insisted for two days. Cucumbers are watered 3 times, with intervals between procedures of one week.
wood ash is an affordable and necessary fertilizer for vegetables. It can be used throughout the growth of cucumbers: from planting to harvest. The interval between procedures should be 9 days. Apply dry matter or infusion, which is easy to prepare yourself. To do this, ash in the amount of 200 g must be filled with water. room temperature, insist for two days, and then, just before watering, dilute in a bucket of water.
Chicken droppings are of great benefit for the growth of cucumbers. Fresh diluted in water in a ratio of 1/10, rotted - 1/20. But before using the infusion, the plants are first watered with plain water. Only row-spacings are processed with chicken manure.
Cucumbers are fed with egg shells rich in trace elements. To do this, it is crushed and sprinkled with vegetable beds. You can also prepare a tincture, for which you need to fill the shell with water and withstand the solution for several days.
An addition to the nutrition of cucumbers is onion peel. A solution is prepared from it. To do this, pour 200 g of husks with a bucket of water and put on the stove. When it begins to boil, the liquid is removed from the heat and insisted for 5 hours. Watering is carried out for each plant.

Top dressing with herbal infusion

A good food for vegetables growing in a greenhouse and open ground are infusions of various herbs. They are easy to make on your own. You don’t need to go far for vegetation - grasses grow under your feet.

To prepare the infusion, you need to chop the quinoa, nettle and plantain. In total, one kilogram is required - 330 g of each herb. Next, the mixture is poured with 12 liters of hot, but not boiling, water and infused for three days. After that, the infusion is filtered.

Feeding cucumbers with yeast

This method is not common, but its use allows you to get high yields of vegetables. Food for plants is prepared simply: yeast in the amount of 100 g is dissolved in a bucket of water, the capacity of which is 10 liters. Exactly one day the infusion ferments. After that, it is ready for use. Top dressing of cucumbers is carried out at the very root during the flowering period.

Vegetables will be enriched with phosphorus, potassium, vitamins and other minerals. The yield will increase significantly and the taste of fruits grown both in the open field and in the greenhouse will greatly improve.

DIY organic fertilizer

Growing cucumbers is not complete without feeding them. All mineral fertilizers are bought. Gardeners who do not have livestock in their backyard also acquire organic matter. The costs have a significant impact on the family budget. But there is a way to prepare organic fertilizer which does not require investments. To do this, you need to collect all the weeds from the garden or from the beds in the greenhouse. Add dandelion leaves, plantain to them and chop everything into small fractions. Pour one kilogram of the resulting herbal mixture with a 10 liter bucket of water. Infuse the solution for a day, strain and water cucumbers with it at the rate of four liters per square meter of plot area.

Honey tincture

Such top dressing is relevant for cucumbers during their flowering period, as it attracts insects that pollinate plants. To prepare it, it is enough to dilute in warm water honey: one liter tablespoon. When the solution is completely cool, they need to spray the leaves and stems.