Secrets of growing multi-tiered onions: expert advice. How to grow multi-tiered onions in open and closed ground

Onions can be found in almost every garden. It is easy to grow, and the yield is excellent. To date, there are many varieties of this culture that are worthy of the attention of gardeners. One of them will be a multi-tiered bow, which will be discussed in our article today.

This onion belongs to the onion family. It is also called viviparous and Egyptian. The multi-tiered bow got its name due to the formation of air bulbs. As a result, the crop is formed in several tiers. It is worth noting that it is impossible to meet this plant in its natural environment.

He has an unusual appearance. The aerial part of the plant is represented by tubular, broad leaves, which are covered with a wax coating on top. It gives the leaves a somewhat bluish tint. The aerial part is able to grow about 40 cm in height. The tubular arrow ends with an inflorescence. On it, air bulbs are subsequently formed. The first link of the arrow is able to grow in height by one meter. From the first inflorescence, a new arrow is formed, which also ends with air bulbs.

As a result, one plant is able to form up to four or five such levels. The approximate weight of one air bulb is up to one and a half grams. Such fruits weigh inflorescences. In one such inflorescence, from 3 to 30 heads can form. Bulbs on top are covered with a strong peel.

This plant is currently represented large quantity varieties. So far, such onions are not very actively grown by our gardeners. However, he has everything ahead, because he has many useful properties which are many times superior to the advantages of other varieties.

It is worth noting that the multi-tiered onion is better than all other varieties of this crop, it is able to produce greens. in early spring. Its feather is crisp and soft, but not very juicy. Cut greens grow back fairly quickly (about a week earlier than that of a batun onion).

Interestingly, feathers begin to grow even under the snow. After all, this plant has excellent frost resistance and is able to withstand temperatures of -7 degrees. At the same time, the greenery itself is formed many times more.

At high yield such an onion is much more profitable in terms of cultivation than its other varieties. It is able to withstand a different number of feather cuts per season. Greenery cutting can be done every 20 days. And if a lot of top dressing was done and the plants were often watered, then the feathers can be cut more often.

Air bulbs should be used as planting material. They can be stored even frozen. Heads, gradually thawing, begin to germinate in the spring.

The advantages of this variety include the following points:

When growing this variety in your garden, you will have greens on the table, starting in early spring and ending in late autumn.

Video “Description”

From the video you will learn a description of an interesting type of onion.

bulbs

From other varieties of this culture, the multi-tiered onion differs in its floral rather exotic arrows. Such arrows are able to form several tiers, on each of which peculiar nests are formed. They are made up of air bulbs. Such fruits have an elongated, but rounded shape. The color of their peel can have different colors:

yellow;
brown;
violet.

The inner scales of the bulbs are whitish in color with slight patches of greenery.

It is worth noting that the size of the fruit from the very first to the last upper tier gradually decreases. Naturally, the largest specimens will be located on the first tier.

Because of these features, the arrows must be tied up, otherwise they will break under the weight of the crop. Without a garter, the flower stalks will lie on the ground, and the formed bulbs will begin to germinate in the soil. For this reason, this variety received another name - a walking bow.

Often single flowers can be found between the formed heads. white color. They are completely sterile.

Onions of this species are not able to form seeds. This plant reproduces exclusively vegetatively, as well as through the division of the bush.

Landing

Terms of planting a multi-tiered bow experienced gardeners determined by eye. If summer planting is carried out, then the bulbs have enough time for rooting. They form a pair of leaves and leave for the winter. But already in early spring, feathers will begin to grow actively.

If a multi-tiered onion was planted in the ground immediately after the fruits ripened, you need to know about one of its features - feathers can only be cut off in March of next year. If you cut the crop in the fall, you can destroy the bulbs. In such a fragile state, they are unlikely to be able to survive the winter.

Planting of the root bulb is carried out according to the nesting square pattern. Between adjacent bulbs, a distance of about 20 cm should be observed. If the seedlings are very small, then their planting can go more densely. In this case, the depth of the bookmark should also be changed. Large seedlings are planted to a depth of 10 cm, and all the rest - up to 6 cm. Each fraction of seedlings is planted separately, as they will have different type sowing, as well as the timing of cutting greens.

Experienced gardeners, who have already encountered this onion variety more than once, use a more profitable method when planting it. This approach involves dividing the beds into two parts. Bulbs should be planted often on one part of the garden, and less often on the other. As a result, in early spring, it will be possible to collect heads and greens from the first part of the garden. In this case, plants can simply be pulled out of the soil. Thus, an effective thinning of the beds occurs. The second part remains until the summer. In June, lush greenery will form on it. It can be cut as many times as needed. Bulbs obtained from the second half of the garden can be placed in the soil. Cropped stumps will soon again give a plentiful harvest, and the planted material will take root and overwinter well.

cultivation

A multi-tiered onion has almost the same cultivation, planting and care as a well-known onion variety. In the presence of certain conditions a plant in one place can grow five years in a row. If all agrotechnical measures were observed, then from one three-year-old bush you can get up to 4 kg of crop. This volume of harvest is collected from plants planted on one square meter.

When planting material is planted in early spring, by the end of autumn, the entire aerial part of the plant dies off. In this form, the onion hibernates. Due to the high winter hardiness, the bulbs perfectly tolerate even the most frosty winter. It is enough for them if there is at least a little snow on top. However, for this the plant must form a good, developed root system.

When growing multi-tiered onions, you need to know that sharp temperature fluctuations, which are typical for March and April, are dangerous for it. They are possible with a long and early thaw, after which severe frosts. But the bulbs that fell from the bush, under such conditions, are capable of retaining their germination capacity even if they were on the surface of the earth.

This variety is cultivated as an annual and perennial crop. An excellent place for its cultivation are considered to be the southwestern and southern slopes, which are freed from snow cover early. The soil should be light and fertile. When growing this onion, agrotechnical measures are practically no different from a batun.

However, there are some peculiarities. For example, if a plant grows as a perennial crop, when planting planting material on wet northern lands in areas where there is no black soil, it is better to form beds. If the crop is annual, then when choosing dry areas of the garden in the southern and middle regions, the bulbs should be planted on a flat surface. In this case, the planting scheme and site preparation is no different from a batun.

reproduction

As noted above, this onion does not propagate by seed. Its reproduction occurs exclusively vegetatively. For this, bulbs are used: basal or air. The latter germinate right on the bush in July. They do not have a dormant period. At the same time, underground bulbs will ripen only by September.

Air bulbs take root many times better. For planting, large material should be selected, which was formed on the first two tiers. In their first year, by autumn they will produce 2-3 daughter bulbs.

Those heads should be planted at the end of which root tubercles or full-fledged roots have already formed.

It is best to use planting material for propagation of this variety, which was obtained from three- or four-year-old plants. Selected heads that are intended for spring, winter planting or forcing must be dried well. They should be stored at zero degrees.

Care

Caring for a multi-tiered onion begins when the snow comes off the beds. At this time, it is necessary to remove all last year's dead plant remains from the beds. Then feeding is carried out. By the third or fourth year, when the bulbs are planted in the same place, the beds become very dense. In this regard, they should be thinned out in early spring or autumn. In each nest, you need to leave basal 1-2 heads. Excess bulbs can be eaten. They can be used in the future as planting material.

In early spring, the ripening of the bulbs can occur under the film. This method of growing will produce greenery about 15 days earlier than when planting plants in open ground. In greenhouses, the feathers will have a lighter color but a less pungent taste.

Bulb ripening is worst in rainy, cool weather. In this case, feathers will grow well, regardless of weather conditions.

The collection of heads in the presence of hot and dry weather occurs in late July or early August. During this period, the arrows begin to turn yellow and dry out.

top dressing

The first feeding is carried out in early spring. At this time it is recommended to use mineral fertilizers. It can be superphosphate, potassium chloride and ammonium nitrate. These three substances are mixed in 10 g based on the calculation per 1 sq.m. beds.

The multi-tiered onion is the earliest ripening among all types of perennial onions grown in the non-chernozem zone. The leaves begin to grow in early spring, still under the snow, they are cut off already in late May - early June. In spring and early summer, young green leaves are used in fresh. They coarsen much later than batun leaves, and taste sharper than leaves. onion. Using small-sized film shelters, multi-tiered onion products can be obtained two weeks earlier.

A multi-tiered onion can be grown in one place for 5–7 years, since the underground bulb divides less intensively than that of a batun, and arrowing does not significantly affect the yield of leaves due to the relatively late appearance of arrows.

Multi-tiered onion propagation methods. Since a multi-tiered onion does not form seeds, it is propagated by basal and air bulbs. First, air bulbs are used, which take root better and faster.

Multi-tiered onions can be cultivated in both annual and perennial culture. If you initially plant five underground bulbs, each of them will produce a nest of three to five bulbs per season and at least ten bulbs per peduncle. Thus, in two years, planting material will be quite enough.

Site selection and soil preparation. The best for multi-tiered onions are areas with a southern or southwestern slope, early freed from snow in spring, with light soils. Sour and heavy clay soils unsuitable for him. Increased acidity significantly inhibits the growth of leaves and branching of plants. That's why acidic soils lime. The soil allocated for multi-tiered onions is well seasoned with organic and mineral fertilizers. An average of 6 ... 7 kg of manure or compost is applied per 1 m 2.

Planting bulbs. Bulbs are planted as soon as they ripen. best term planting - August, but can be planted during September. Before the onset of frost, the plants have time to take root, so they tolerate the winter well, and in early spring they quickly start growing.

A multi-tiered bow is placed on ridges and a flat surface, but in moist areas in the northern part. Non-chernozem zone it is better to place a multi-tiered bow on the ridges according to a two, three and four-line scheme with a distance between lines of 25 ... 35 centimeters, and between rows of -70 centimeters.

Large air bulbs (1.5 cm in diameter) are planted with a distance in a row of 5 ... 8 centimeters, and thinned out in the spring. Small bulbs are planted thickly - 3 ... 4 centimeters from one another. The planting depth of the bulbs is about 10 centimeters, the bulbs are 6 ... 8 centimeters, the soil layer from the shoulders to the soil surface should be 2 ... 3 centimeters.

On seed plots, onions are planted in a single-line or two-line (20X60 centimeters) pattern, at a distance of 10 centimeters. In the spring, the plants are thinned out, leaving the strongest, at a distance of 20 centimeters from each other. Before planting, the bulbs must be sorted into large, medium and small fractions and each fraction should be planted separately.

Landing care. Plant care includes watering, fertilizing with weak solutions of fertilizers, as well as loosening the soil and weeding.

In early spring, when the leaves reach a length of 20–25 centimeters, the crops are thinned out, leaving a distance of 20 centimeters between plants. In this case, the removed plants are used as green onions. With a long-term culture in the second year of life, starting from May 10 ... 15, 1 ... 2 cuttings of green leaves are carried out, but no more, so as not to weaken the underground bulb. The cut is made 5 ... 8 centimeters, above the neck of the bulbs. After each cut, the plants are watered and fed.

The bulk of air bulbs comes from the second year after planting. By the third year of plant life, plantings thicken due to the formation of basal bulbs. In autumn, (in August) or spring (in late April - early May), the plants are thinned out, separating the basal bulbs. They are used as planting material in open and protected ground and for food purposes, like onions.

To get larger bulbs, limit the growth of the peduncle, pinching it after the formation of the second or even the first tier. Since the arrows of a multi-tiered bow are unstable and lie down under the weight of air bulbs, stakes are placed on the site and twine is pulled between them (above the middle of the arrows).

For more early harvest green feather use film shelters.

Harvesting multi-tiered onions. The green leaves of a multi-tiered onion are cut for the first time at 25 days of age, the second - after another 25 ... 30 days. It is not advisable to cut the feather more than 2 times, as the bulb yield decreases.

Air bulbs begin to be removed in late May - June. Bulbs fully ripen in July - August, simultaneously on all tiers. At the same time, they acquire a brown color and are easily separated from the arrows. In the first year, the yield of air bulbs is 1 ... 1.2 kg per 1 m 2. The most productive are 2 ... 3 summer plants.

After harvesting, they are distributed by size and planted immediately. plant in the zone temperate climate possible throughout September. Bulbs, as a rule, take root quickly, leaves grow from them, and plants winter well. With an annual crop, the greens are harvested along with the bulbs in one or two terms - for the first time during thinning, then completely.

Since the mature underground bulbs of a multi-tiered onion do not form a pronounced neck (like onions), they do not lie well, they cannot be harvested for future use for long-term storage.

Storage of bulbs of multi-tiered onions. Dried bulbs intended for autumn-winter forcing are stored for 2-5 months in dry storage in attics and in unheated rooms. They are not afraid of freezing and do not lose viability even at a temperature of minus 20 ... 25 °, however, frequent changes in freezing and thawing are undesirable. Before the onset of frost, the storage facilities are well ventilated, since when high humidity they germinate prematurely and are affected by mold.

Sometimes bulbs intended for planting are stored in refrigerators or cellars at 0 ... 4 ° and relative humidity of 80 ... 90%. It is better to keep them not separated. Nests of underground bulbs for distillation are stored in dry, unheated rooms or in open field in boxes covered plastic wrap or a tarp.

Forcing multi-tiered onions in greenhouses. Tiered onions can be used for forcing green onions in greenhouses and film shelters in early spring. Unlike sets and selection of onions, air bulbs of multi-tiered onions do not have a dormant period and, when planted in the soil, immediately begin to grow.

A multi-tiered onion is less demanding on lighting than onions, and grows rapidly with relatively low temperatures. Bulbs and underground bulbs are used for distillation. In greenhouses, they are planted in a bridge way - close to each other. The duration of distillation is 20 ... 35 days. Harvest of green onions at an air temperature of 10 ... 12 ° 30 days after planting in December is 12 ... 16 kilograms per square meter.

The multi-tiered onion is a perennial with branching leaves and is very frost-resistant. This type of onion can be propagated by vegetative, basal method and air bulbs.

The name multi-tiered arose because of the air bulbs growing in several tiers. It does not grow in the natural environment. Such a bow is also called Egyptian or viviparous. You can see how the air bulbs look in the photo and video.

And we will try to figure out in more detail what advantages a multi-tiered onion has, how it is grown, and what kind of care it needs.

The leaves of the onion are tubular in shape, from 1.5 to 2 cm wide, they can grow 40-50 cm in height in the first year, in next years- 80 cm.

The roots of the multi-tiered onion are stronger than the roots of the onion, and can reach 1.5 meters in length.
Bulbs tolerate well even frost at 40 °.
Air bulb bulbs are best stored frozen.
Growing such an onion is beneficial in that it sprouts 10 days faster than onion batun, and in autumn period it can be planted immediately after harvest.

In spring and summer, onion feathers are good to eat fresh. The process of coarsening of the leaves of this type of onion occurs later than that of the batun, and in terms of taste it is sharper than onion. The green leaves of a multi-tiered onion are quite elastic and juicy, and crunchy when cut.

The leaves of the multi-tiered onion have a high phytoncidal activity, therefore they can be used as an anti-inflammatory agent, for hypertension and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. For treatment, multi-tiered onions are used both fresh and boiled. A pickled onion of this species is good for scurvy and atherosclerosis.

The multi-tiered onion has a strong and well-developed root system. By planting it, you will receive good harvest green leaves suitable for human consumption. At the same time as the pen can be obtained excellent harvest bulbs that are underground and above the ground. Both of them can be used both as seeds and for food.

The bulbs that are above the ground have a rather dense structure, they are pungent in taste, and tolerate low temperatures well.

And underground bulbs are loose and extremely negatively tolerate storage, so it is better to find a use for them right away. They are suitable for various pickles, they are good to pickle, or you can use them as planting material.

Currently, the cultivation of onion varieties such as:

Odessa winter,
Likova,
Gribovsky 38,
Memory.

Variety Likova - high-yielding and early. But this variety requires additional care, protection from diseases such as thrips. The fresh greens of this multi-tiered onion have a pungent flavor. Landing is preferable open.

Air seeds - bulbs - should be planted to a depth of 3-4 cm, and the distance between rows should be 15 cm.

Variety winter Odessa in the photo:

Growing multi-tiered onions

Growing multi-tiered onions is possible both on open ground and in greenhouse conditions.

Outdoor cultivation

Loamy soils are well suited for growing onions. A multi-tiered onion can grow on the same bed for about 5 years.
The second half of August and the beginning of September is considered optimal for planting. Thus, before the onset of cold weather, the onion will have time to take root and endure the winter well, which will give good growth during the spring period.
On the winter period the part of the onion that is above the ground almost completely dies off. But even in this form, the onion winters well.
The multi-tiered onion is frost-resistant and can tolerate temperatures down to -45 ° C, even with little snow cover. But for a successful wintering, as previously mentioned, it is necessary that the onion has time to develop a root system.
A multi-tiered bow can be harmed by sharp jumps in spring temperatures, when, after a rather long thaw, there is a sharp drop in temperature again.
On the beds with perennial plantings onions, with the onset of spring, remove all rotten leaves that may contain pathogenic microflora.
Green onion leaves begin to grow almost immediately after the snow melts. Shooting occurs in the second year of onion growth. The shooting period is the end of spring or the beginning of summer. On the arrows in July-August, several tiers of air bulbs appear. The higher the tier on which the bulbs grow, the smaller they are.
The multi-tiered onion grows especially well in warm weather, with the right amount of moisture.
You can eat this green onion before the first air bulbs appear.
Plant a multi-tiered onion to obtain green leaves at a distance of 20 cm from each other, and the distance between rows should be 25 cm.

For getting seed onions are planted in one or two rows at a distance of 10 cm. In the spring it will need to be thinned out, leaving stronger plants, at a distance of 20 cm from one another.

Before planting, it is advisable to calibrate the air bulbs to small, large and medium. Growing the next crop is best planned from planting material collected from the first, second and third tiers. Bulb consumption will be 150 g per 10 m2.

A multi-tiered bow is also called horned because of its arrows, and the formation of air bulbs gave it another name - viviparous.

In addition to bulbs on tiers, multi-tiered onions also have root bulbs, which can also be eaten and used as seed material.

Growing multi-tiered onions in apartment conditions.

To do this, you need to land in boxes or pots in the fall. air seeds- bulbs. They will sprout quickly and provide you with fresh herbs. Planting a multi-tiered onion in apartment conditions will give a good harvest from underground bulbs. But it should be noted that underground bulbs cannot be stored for a long time. It is better to plant them immediately after digging.

Tiered onion care and harvest

Caring for a multi-tiered bow is

loosening the soil;
removal of weeds from beds;
fertilization and regular watering.

The first application of fertilizers should be done during the period of germination of the leaves, and then - after they are cut. Experts advise to apply 2 buckets of manure per m2 of area with the addition of superphosphates, potassium salts and ammonia fertilizers.

If the soil is heavy, then you need to add coarse river sand to it. Care such as fertilizing can be combined with watering.

Multi-tiered onions are very demanding on soil indicators. For active growth this type of onion needs fertile and light soil and sufficient watering. It is good to plant onions in the beds where legumes used to grow.

The first time you can cut green leaves after 28-30 days, the second - after another 30. The leaves are cut twice a season. It is undesirable to cut more, this will reduce the yield of air bulbs. If you want to get a crop of leaves earlier, then you can cover the bed with polyethylene.

High shooters of a multi-tiered bow require care. To save the air bulbs, it is necessary to tie the arrows to the pegs, otherwise they will break and the seed material will disappear.

Care for ripe air bulbs is to dry them well. This can be done outdoors or in a ventilated area. Dry onion bulbs in the photo below.

You need to remove the bulbs from the arrows on time, otherwise they will crumble themselves and take root.

Multi-tiered onions are a good planting material for the autumn-winter harvest of green leaves in greenhouse conditions. This type of onion, unlike onions, does not have a dormant period of the bulbs, and accordingly grows faster in greenhouse soil. A multi-tiered onion gives a harvest earlier than a batun onion. For a multi-tiered onion, it will be enough to maintain in a greenhouse temperature regime at 15 degrees, despite the fact that the onion needs at least 20 degrees of heat. Air bulbs-seeds are planted in a greenhouse in a bridge way.

After cutting the green leaves of a multi-tiered onion, it is necessary to loosen the soil each time, feed the planting with ammonia fertilizers and potash salt and water well. You may be afraid of so many chemical top dressings per season, but you should not - the multi-tiered onion is the only one that does not absorb nitrates.

The leaves of a multi-tiered onion can be cut when their height reaches 25-30 cm, it is necessary to cut it 5-7 cm above the ground level. Usually the interval between two cuts is 20-25 days.

If you planted a multi-layered onion, like an annual, then you can make three cuts, and then remove the bulbs until the next planting. If you plan to teach air bulb seeds, then the leaves should be spared and not cut off.

Grow perennial multi-tiered onions, if available necessary conditions, can be practically all year round. This onion does not need special care, and its cultivation will not bring you any trouble. But on your table there will always be tender and juicy greens, which are good for health.

How to properly plant onion sets on greens, you can watch the video.

Multi-tiered onion, or viviparous (Allium proliferum) is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Onion family, which is still quite rare in summer cottages and gardens. In the people it is also called Canadian, Egyptian, walking or horned. Despite its exotic and unusual appearance, vegetable crops are extremely unpretentious in cultivation and care.

It is believed that the multi-tiered bow comes from China and was the result of a spontaneous natural hybridization of the batun and onions. In an ancient Chinese herbal book dating from the end of the 14th century, there are references to a plant with similar morphological features called lau-chi-tsun. From East Asia culture came to the European continent in the 19th century, first to England, then spread to other countries. It was brought to Russia only at the very end of the last century.

Outwardly, a viviparous onion looks like a batun. It also has fistulate hollow leaves covered with a bluish wax coating, reaching a height of 45-60 cm and a diameter of up to 1.5-2 cm. The plant produces a flower arrow up to 0.8-1 m long, but not seeds are formed on it, but air bulbs (bulbs). Moreover, the plant is characterized by the formation of several bulbous tiers (3-4, sometimes 5).

At the first level, the largest onions are formed with a diameter of about 2-3 cm and a weight of about 15-25 g. As they move up, their size greatly decreases and often does not exceed 3-5 g.

Before the appearance of air bulbs, the leaves have a delicate juicy texture with an original spicy taste and are used in food in green form. Then they get rough and bitter. Slightly elongated onion bulbs are covered with thin scales of purple, golden or brown color (depending on the variety) and are more often used to prepare various pickles and marinades.

The root system of this plant is powerful and branched, it can go to a depth of 1-1.5 m. The mother bulb located underground is small and loose, unsuitable for eating. Over time, it is divided into several parts, which, along with the bulbs, are used in the fall when transplanting or planting a multi-tiered onion to another place.

Reproduction features

Air bulbs release roots directly on the bush and the plant propagates easily with them, reproduction occurs only vegetatively, since seeds never form on this crop. Ripe bulbs are harvested at the end of summer or autumn, immediately planted in the ground or stored until spring in a cool place. It is not recommended to cut green feather more often 2-3 times per season, since the future seed material (bulbs) will be weak and too small.

The division of the uterine bulb is carried out at the same time, but it cannot be stored for a long time (due to the loose structure, it quickly deteriorates), so the slices are planted immediately on permanent place. It is allowed to divide the bush during the entire growing season, otherwise the plantings become very thick.

Condition Requirements

A multi-tiered onion does not cause any difficulties when growing, it is frost-resistant, as well as drought-resistant and can grow anywhere. But in order to get the first green arrows as early as possible, you need to choose rich breathable loamy soils for this crop. Wet, acidic and heavy soils are unsuitable for viviparous onions.

When the substrate is swamped, underground bulbs quickly rot. A well-warmed and sunlit area is most suitable, from which the snow cover comes off early in the spring and water does not linger.

An important condition for growing and obtaining an early harvest will be the timely introduction organic fertilizers. It is recommended to plant this onion crop after beets, zucchini, potatoes, radishes, cabbage, cucumbers, legumes.

Growing technology

The viviparous onion has some cultivation features; it can be cultivated as a perennial and annual. In the first variant, ammonium nitrate (10-12 g), superphosphate (30-40 g) and potassium salt (20-30 g) per 1 m² are added to the soil before planting. In the second case, when digging into the ground, it is necessary to add 6-8 kg of humus or well-rotted manure per 1 m².

To obtain the first early spring greenery, earthen bulbs are not planted, only bulbs that have started to grow roots need to be planted. This should be done before mid-August, otherwise the heads will not have time to take root well. At later planting dates, the start of leaf collection is postponed and yields are reduced. If you plant onions in the spring, then the cut feather will be ready in about 3-4 weeks.

Planting material is planted in open ground in rows, leaving row spacings of about 25-30 cm. Large specimens are placed at a distance of 5-8 cm from each other, small ones - 3-5 cm. Depth of embedding is from 3 to 6 cm (depending on size). Thickened plantings are further thinned out, using the ground part together with the bulb as food. If you plan to grow a bush in one place for several years, then leave at least 40-60 cm between plants.

To obtain greens, you can grow multi-tiered onions on a windowsill or in a greenhouse, while the temperature is not higher than + 10 ... + 12 ° С. Large bulbs and bulbs are densely planted in boxes with a nutrient substrate and watered regularly. Planting material does not need to be harvested and stored in advance, you can dig a bush directly from the garden during the thaw. A fresh feather reaches nutritional condition in 20-25 days.

Features of care

All onion care perennial species consists of the following manipulations:

Loosening. The earth between the rows is loosened once a week to saturate it with oxygen.
Weeding. Weeds must be removed in time so that they do not take away nutrients.
Watering. Humidification is carried out after drying of the topsoil. Approximately 1 bucket of water per 1 m² with a frequency of 10-14 days. Otherwise, in dry weather, the yield decreases, the feather grows poorly, the bulbs increase little in size.
thinning. Thick plantings are thinned out, mother bushes are divided and planted.
Top dressing. Onion beds need to be fertilized periodically. The first top dressing is carried out in early spring in the snow (70-100 g of nitrophoska per 1 m²). Leaves that have grown up to 35-40 cm are cut off at least 5-7 cm from the ground, then the bush must be fertilized with potassium salt, ammonia compounds or liquid organic matter.
Garter. To prevent arrows with heavy air bulbs from breaking, they are tied to pegs or trellises.

In early spring, as soon as the snow melts, you need to remove all dead plant residues from the site, then feed the onion crop. Plantings are thinned out, 1 head is left in each nest, the rest are seated separately or used for food (this procedure can be performed in the fall before winter). To speed up the growth of greens for cutting, a bed with onions is covered with a film. In this case, the fresh feather will grow 10-15 days earlier, but it will have a lighter color and not as sharp taste.

Experienced vegetable growers do not advise growing viviparous onions for more than 5 years in one place. Best Harvest this plant gives in the first 2-3 years of cultivation. Above-ground air heads are harvested as soon as basal tubercles appear on them, this time falls on the end of July or the beginning of August. If you do not have time to collect the bulbs in time, then they will spontaneously spill out onto the ground. Then the arrows turn yellow and dry out. Foliage stays green and fresh until frost.

Horned onions are sometimes affected by fungal infections or insect pests, but not more than other onion crops. For prevention purposes, it is recommended to spray the bushes with a solution of Bordeaux liquid (1%) and carefully remove all plant debris from the site. Aisles to repel insects are sprinkled with ash, mothballs, tobacco dust or hot ground pepper. To obtain bountiful harvest, it is necessary to carry out timely and competent care.

Varieties

The varietal diversity of this culture is not too great. The following varieties are recommended for cultivation in middle lane:

Gribovsky 38. Bush of medium height (up to 0.4 m), dense and compact. Frost-resistant and early ripe variety Egyptian bow, zoned for Siberia and the Urals. The first cut of the green feather can be done as early as 21 days after planting the bulbs.
Likov. An early ripening onion, characterized by high yield (up to 4 kg of greens per 1 m²), frost resistance and increased resistance to lodging. The foliage grows up to 0.45 m in 20-25 days, has a pleasant pungent taste. From 3 to 8 large dark purple heads are formed on the arrow. A small basal bulb with an unbranched root system.
Odessa winter. The feather reaches 0.25-0.4 m in length, the yield is about 2.4 kg per 1 m². Recommended for southern regions. Often shoots in the first year. The number of tiers depends on the climate, weather conditions and how to care (bunk is grown in the middle lane, in the south 3-4 tiers have time to form).
Memory. High-yielding (6 kg per 1 m²), early ripe, three-tier variety, with a leaf length of up to 0.44 m. Medium-sized bulbs, red-violet color.
Chelyabinsk super early. The greens are low (up to 0.2 m), tender, juicy and soft, with a spicy taste. For 1 cut, you can collect 1.5-1.7 kg from 1 m².

The pros and cons of culture

A multi-tiered bow, planting and caring for which does not cause much trouble, is characterized exclusively with positive side. This is a very frost-resistant plant that allows you to get the freshest and earliest greens in the open field, greenhouse or at home on the windowsill. Bulbs do not need to be dug up in autumn, as they will overwinter well under a little snow cover even when the air temperature drops to -45 ° C. Since the plant does not have a dormant period, it can be planted at any time.

Leaves and heads of viviparous onions have a large amount of phytoncides and are rich in nutrients. In the green mass of this crop, nitrates and other harmful substances do not accumulate. The plant contains vitamins (C, PP, B1, E, B2), as well as potassium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, manganese and calcium.

Experienced gardeners never cease to be amazed at this. amazing plant- longline bow.

The exotic appearance of the culture raises concerns whether the plant will take root on suburban area. However, a multi-tiered onion is characterized by unpretentious care, frost resistance, resistance to diseases and pests. The decorativeness of the plant attracts the attention of many people, including vegetable growers.

Description

Multi-tiered onion (lat. Allium proliferum) refers to herbaceous perennials from the Onion family. In another way it is called:

Canadian or Egyptian bow;
walking or horned bow;
viviparous onion.

Tiered bow - planting and care

It is believed that the vegetable crop comes from the Middle East. Then came to Egypt and other countries. However, it appeared in Russia relatively recently, at the end of the last century.

The three-tiered bow got its name from appearance. On stalks-pedicels, which reach 65-80 cm in height, small air bulbs (bulbs), weighing 15-25 g, are placed in tiers. As a rule, there are 2 or 3 such tiers. Large bulbs are located below, up to 3 cm in diameter, at the top - Numerous small ones.

Interesting fact! Above-ground bulbs are purple, yellow or brown in color. The underground bulb is small and loose. When grown, it is divided into parts, does not differ in taste.

The growth of the bush occurs for 2 years: the length of the juicy dark green leaves is from 40 to 50 cm, the width is about 2 cm. They look like a turnip: tubular, hollow. All parts of Canadian onions are used in cooking, and onions are used mainly for canning and pickling vegetables. The taste of greens, which are used in salads, is sharper compared to turnips.

Beneficial features

It is not without reason that people say that onions are from seven ailments. The plant contains:

vitamins C, PP, B1, B2;
carotene;
essential oils;
Sahara;
minerals: potassium and molybdenum, calcium and cobalt, phosphorus and nickel, zinc and boron, iron and copper, manganese and zinc.

Interesting fact! Calorie content of horned onions per 100 g of the product is 60 kcal.

Widely used in alternative medicine for:

strengthening immunity;
prevention of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract;
normalization of the work of blood vessels and the heart;
pressure reduction;
improvement of the skin;
fight against worms;
treatment of beriberi, colds, gum pathologies.

How to grow

Gardeners note that when planting a multi-tiered onion and caring for it, the use of special secrets of agricultural technology is not required.

The complete absence of a dormant phase provides a two-story onion with fruiting throughout the entire growing season. They are grown both in the northern and southern latitudes of Russia, supplying consumers with vitamin greens for a long time.

Growing multi-tiered onions

Specific requirements are put forward by a three-tier bow to the ground. The plant loves fertile and neutral soil. Before planting, the introduction of organic matter is recommended. The site for planting is chosen open, well-lit. Compliance with this rule guarantees a high yield of up to 5 years in one place. For the appearance of super-early green feathers in spring, it is advised to plant the crop on a hill.

How to propagate culture

Reproduction of a two-story onion occurs only vegetatively. The plant does not have seeds. To propagate the culture, choose above-ground bulbs from the first or second tier. In addition, you can breed vegetable crop dividing the bush. It is required to dig up the onion, divide the underground fruits and plant them in another garden bed. The scheme for planting air and underground bulbs is similar.

The collection of bulbs before they shoot arrows is appreciated. Bulbs collected at the end of the summer season are suitable for planting. It is important to grow roots in the fall and prepare for wintering. Planting material thorough drying is required. Store in a paper bag in the refrigerator.

How to propagate a multi-tiered onion

How to plant

For disembarkationbulbousplants like annuals dig up the soil and apply per 1 m2:

ammonium nitrate (30 g);
potassium salt (30 g);
superphosphate (40 g.).

Top dressing for perennials is carried out in a complex way: 5-7 kg of humus or manure per 1 m2. For a walking bow, loams and sandstones are preferable. On soils with hyperacidity and wetlands show poor growth and crop development. It is desirable that the acidity level of the soil is 6.0-6.5.

On a note! Legumes are considered the best predecessors.

The plant is grown both in open and protected ground.

Characteristic features of growing onions in open ground:

The middle of August and the first half of September are suitable for planting the plant. Before the onset of frost, it will have time to take root and overwinter successfully;
In winter, the underground part of the bulb dies off. However, in this way, the culture perfectly tolerates wintering. She is not afraid of frosts down to -45 ° C with little snow cover. The main thing is the development of the root system of a viviparous onion;
You should be wary of sudden temperature changes in the spring. A sudden decrease in temperature after a thaw will not respond well to the plant;
The area with perennials must be cleaned with the beginning of the spring season from rotten leaves - a source of harmful microflora;
After the snow melts, the growth of green feathers is noted. The bow shoots in the second year. The shooting phase falls at the end of May or the first days of June. On flower-bearing arrows in July-August, a pair of tiers of above-ground bulbs is formed. The dimensions of the bulb depend on the height of the tier;
Warm climate, moisture in the required volume are among the factors that cause the intensive development of horned onions;
Eat before the appearance of the first above-ground onions;
Egyptian onions are planted on a feather, observing a 10-15 cm interval between plants (20 cm for perennials), row spacing - 30 cm. Sowing depth of bulbs - 4 cm. In the greenhouse, keep a distance between bulbs of 3 cm;
For mother cultures, leave between rows from 50 to 70 cm;
For planting in the spring, the seed is stored frozen. Planted in seedling boxes and greenhouses from January. This operation is possible at any time - there is no rest stage. Underground onions are suitable for forcing on greens.

Growing on a windowsill

In autumn, air bulbs are placed in containers or cassettes. The speed of germination guarantees the provision of greenery. Planting a Canadian onion at home will allow you to replenish vitamins from underground bulbs.

Important! Basal bulbs are not stored for a long time. Planted immediately after digging.

How to take care of the culture

Canadian onion care includes:

watering in moderation;
loosening the soil;
weeding;
removal of dry leaves.

The appearance of arrows warns of the need to secure the pegs and stretch the twine to support the plants.

top dressing

In the spring, after snowmelt, they are fed with ammonium nitrate, coupled with potassium sulfate: 10 g per 1 m2. After pruning the leaves, mineral fertilizers are applied: manure (2 buckets) + potassium salt (1 tablespoon), superphosphate (2 tablespoons).

Attention! Horned onions are resistant to nitrate accumulation.

On heavy soils make river sand. Feeding and watering are combined.

Watering

An excess of moisture threatens tender bulbs with decay. Watering the beds is carried out as the topsoil dries. The introduction of water under the root in large numbers will affect the size of the bulb, but will lead to a loss of crunch and bitterness.

How to deal with pests and diseases

To prevent peronosporosis, Canadian onions are processed Bordeaux mixture(one %). The procedure is repeated three times.

Note! Proper care will help get rid of the invasion of weevils and attacks onion fly. It is required to clean the site from debris in time and remove dried feathers - a haven for harmful insects.

Loosening and weed control

The earth under the Egyptian bow needs to be loosened every week - air circulation is important for the roots. Rapid growth a three-story bow in height says that the plant needs to be thinned out or divided into parts.

Culture reacts negatively to weeds. Timely weeding is required. Simplifies the care of onions by mulching with grass. Sawdust, peat or spruce needles will acidify the soil and thereby slow down the growth of the crop. The success of wintering when planting in the fall is due to good loosening of the soil and the destruction of onion fly oviposition.

Loosening and weed control

How to harvest

The harvest falls on the first days of August. The acquisition of a brown-violet color by air bulbs means their maturation. Late collection leads to the rash of onions. Dies off top part, the basal bulb begins to grow, with the advent of spring it will release an arrow, share and become the beginning of a large bush. It is advisable to thin out three-year plantings. In one place, the plant grows for a maximum of 5 years.

The feather is cut off after 4 weeks, the second time - after a month. Cutting is carried out 5 cm above ground level. The frequency of the procedure is 2 times per season.

Above-ground bulbs, which are harvested in the summer, are suitable for planting again. Some are suitable for planting in the country, the rest are stored until winter and, if desired, planted in an apartment.

Multi-tiered onion harvest

Variety of species

A variety of varieties is uncharacteristic for Canadian onions. Breeders of the Russian Federation have bred several species that are recommended for cultivation in all climatic zones.

Varieties popular with gardeners:

Memory;
Odessa winter;
Gribovsky 38;
Likov.

Anyone who has ever seen a plant, a picture of an exotic will be remembered for a long time. Bunk onions are ideal crops for growing. Even an inexperienced gardener can plant and care for unpretentious plant. In addition, it has useful properties and always pleases with a harvest. Feel free to plant a healthy plant in your area and enjoy the freshness of taste.