Pepper care in the open field: growing secrets, videos and photos. Where is the best place to grow peppers - at home, in a greenhouse or in the open field? How to care for peppers - protection from strong sun and frost

Growing sweet peppers in the photo

Of the variety of types of pepper in the culture, the most common pepper is annual, or capsicum. It is to this species that the so-called sweet (or Bulgarian) pepper, widely known and popular among amateur gardeners, belongs.

There are two groups of varieties of pepper - vegetable and spicy (hot). In the former, the fruits are used in an unripe form as a vegetable, in the latter they are very sharp and are used as a spice.

Pepper fruits are very different in shape - from round to elongated-cone-shaped with a two-, four-chamber middle. In technical ripeness (before the seeds ripen), the color of the fruit, depending on the variety, is dark green, green, light green, cream, yellow. When the seeds ripen, the fruit turns red, in some varieties - orange.

The birthplace of pepper is the tropics, so it is distinguished by increased requirements for heat, humidity, soil fertility; is, along with cucumbers and tomatoes, productive greenhouse culture.

In the southern regions it grows and gives a good harvest in open ground. In the central (middle) lane it is grown in glass greenhouses.

Pepper belongs to the nightshade family, like tomatoes and eggplant. Therefore, the cultivation of pepper and other solanaceous crops is largely the same. The best predecessor garden bed can be cabbage, beets, carrots, radishes, radishes, cucumbers, onions, garlic and green crops.

The fruits become edible 25-45 days after flowering, at which time they are green or white in color.

Ripe green fruits are considered ripe. It makes no sense to wait until they turn red - their taste will not improve from this.

Pepper - photophilous plant, grows poorly in the shade. Optimum temperature for development and fruiting +18...+25°С. At +15...+20°С plant growth slows down, and at +13°С it stops. Prolonged cooling negatively affects flowering and the formation of generative organs. Sharp diurnal temperature fluctuations cause a massive fall of flowers and ovaries.

The culture does not tolerate even short-term frosts. Plants die when the air temperature drops to -0.5°C. Therefore, it is necessary to create optimal conditions for growing peppers.

Sunny, warm days are necessary for peppers during the fruiting period. It does not tolerate high humidity either. At a temperature of +35 ° C, the buds and flowers fall off.

Pepper plants at the beginning of the growing season grow slowly, root system grows longer than the leaf mass. flower buds begin to be laid at the plant when the fourth leaf is deployed. The ripening phase occurs 15-45 days after the appearance of the first bud.

According to the technology of growing pepper in the open field, the plants do not stepchild, only the first bud is removed. Fruits are formed in places where the stems branch, therefore, well-developed plants with a large number of branches produce, as a rule, more fruits.

When caring for peppers in the open field, regular watering under the root is required. Optimum soil moisture enhances fruit formation, promotes the release of quality products. With a lack of moisture, the fruits become smaller, deformed, they are often affected by vertex rot.

The correct technology for growing pepper does not allow mixed landings sweet and bitter species, since cross-pollination will occur, and in appearance, sweet forms will taste bitter.

The growing season of the culture is long (150-200 days). Therefore, even in the southern regions, the cultivation and care of pepper is done through seedlings. To grow seedlings for open ground start in the second half of February. Sow in boxes or bowls with drainage holes.

The sowing depth when planting pepper seeds for seedlings is 1.5-2 cm. Until the seeds germinate, the crops are kept at a temperature of +25...+28 °C. After the appearance of mass seedlings, the crops are transferred to a cool room (+17 ... + 20 ° C) for a week so that the seedlings do not stretch. In the future, seedlings grow at room temperature +20...+24°C.

Seedlings of bell pepper in the photo

Seedlings dive in about 20 days into pots 7 x 7 cm, one plant at a time. Weak seedlings are discarded. The pots are filled with nutrient soil. Mineral fertilizers are not added to the soil when growing seedlings. After planting seeds for seedlings for growing peppers with a small volume of pots, plants do not need fertilizers. In the garden bed they are brought into the hole.

When growing pepper seedlings from seeds, seedlings are looked after in much the same way as tomato seedlings. But given that peppers begin to be grown a month earlier, it is necessary to lengthen the daylight hours with the help of illumination up to 12-14 hours.

Watch the video "Planting Pepper Seeds" to better understand how this agricultural technique is performed:

How to grow a good crop of peppers outdoors

• Do not use seeds purchased from a random source for sowing. The basis for obtaining high-quality seedlings, and therefore a good harvest, is high-quality seeds. Purchase seeds in specialized stores. The seed packet should be clearly labeled with the variety, number of seeds and expiration date.
• Do not sow seeds in a dense, heavy potting mix of unknown origin. The best mix is ​​garden soil plus store-bought special seedling soil. Remember to water the soil in the boxes first before sowing the seeds, otherwise the seeds with water will be pulled deep into the soil and the germination period will be extended.
• Do not thicken seed crops; always sow the norm, otherwise the plants will stretch out, be weak, and may be affected by the "black leg".
• Do not place containers with seeds on the radiator - the soil dries up instantly and the hatched seeds die. Crops are placed only next to the battery and must be covered with a film.
• Do not use bowls or other containers for sowing without drainage holes. Stagnation of water leads to the death of seeds, as well as seedlings in the initial stage of seedlings.
• Do not be late with picking seedlings. For most vegetable crops, this should be done after one or two true leaves have appeared. After picking, the plants are watered and shaded for 1-2 days.
• Do not forget to harden the seedlings before planting them in a permanent place. 7-10 days before planting, containers with seedlings are taken out for 2-3 hours on loggias, verandas, windows in the room are opened. The time the seedlings are in the open air is gradually increased. Seedlings are planted in the evening or on cloudy days.

The video "Growing pepper seedlings" shows how to properly plant seeds and care for seedlings:

Planting seedlings of sweet pepper in open ground

Planting pepper seedlings open ground produced at the age of 55-60 days. By the time of planting, it should be strong, have a height of 16-20 cm, 8-10 developed leaves, buds and form a well-developed root.

Seedlings are planted in double rows (ribbons) with distances between tapes of 60 cm, between rows of 30 cm and between plants of 20 cm. Wide aisles are made for passage during harvesting and caring for plants, and in narrow ones, furrows are made for irrigation.

Low-growing varieties of this crop can be planted thicker, tall ones - give more distance. The main thing is that adult plants should close in crowns.

When planting in open ground, pepper seedlings are not buried, since additional roots are not formed above the root collar on the stem, like in eggplant. Buried plants grow poorly and do not give a good harvest. For the same reason, growing peppers never spud.

Proper care of sweet peppers in the open field: watering and fertilizing

When caring for peppers, top dressing and regular watering are necessary.

Watering. FROM early age and during the entire growing season pepper needs frequent watering and obligatory loosening of the soil after each watering or rain.

Excess moisture, as well as its lack, are contraindicated in pepper. Excessive watering reduces air access to the roots, the leaves turn pale green and the plants wither.

Insufficient watering of sweet pepper inhibits plant growth, leads to the dropping of flowers, ovaries and the formation of small fruits. The frequency of watering depends on weather conditions and phases of plant development, but generally at least 1-2 times a week.

Proper watering of pepper is carried out only warm water. From wells and wells, water for irrigation should be preheated in the sun in containers for 2-3 days.

Fertilizer and top dressing. Peppers need fertile soil. It successfully grows on light loamy and chernozem soils, well supplied with nutrients, including nitrogen. Solonetzic and heavy loamy soils are not suitable for pepper.

Peppers, like tomatoes, need phosphorus. He needs both organic fertilizers and mineral fertilizers. To feed peppers in open ground, when planting seedlings, a tablespoon of superphosphate mixed with humus or simply with earth is added to each well.

During the period of budding, flowering and fruiting, every two weeks they give top dressing with complex water-soluble fertilizers (Sudarushka, Agrolux, Aquarin, Mortar or Zdraven, etc.). They are alternated with organic fertilizers.

In the second half of summer and autumn, sweet peppers are fed by Kaliyfos.

Harvesting is carried out selectively when the fruits reach consumer (technical) maturity (green). Collection - weekly, preventing the formation of seeds in them, as this will slow down the emergence of new ovaries. Remove the fruits carefully with both hands, so as not to break off the plant shoots along with the pepper.

The video "Growing Peppers" demonstrates how to properly water the crop:

In this section of the article, you will learn about pests and diseases of pepper, as well as measures to combat them in the garden.

Stolbur (small-leaved) pepper leaves in the photo

Stolbur (small-leaved)- viral disease is manifested by chlorotic coloring of leaves, internodes are shortened. Then the leaves wither, hang down and fall off. Stolbur is not tolerated either with the juice of a diseased plant or with seeds. The main carrier of the disease is the cicada.

Planting high-quality seedlings in the ground, systematic watering followed by soil loosening, weed control are the basis for the prevention of this disease.

Top rot of peppers in the photo

Blossom rot- a disease of a physiological nature. It manifests itself at high temperatures and low relative humidity.

Regular even watering. Root and foliar top dressing with calcium nitrate, as well as superphosphate during the period of intensive fruit growth, allows you to get a full harvest.

Black bacterial spot of pepper. Not only fruits are affected, but also leaves and stems. On the leaves, the spots are small, at first watery, and then blackening, the tissue around the spots turns yellow. The disease is carried with seeds and plant debris. Preventive spraying with the copper-containing preparation "Abiga-Peak", starting from seedlings, allows you to get healthy pepper fruits.

During the harvest period, to contain the spread of the disease, use biological preparation"Gamair", which has a therapeutic effect.

Fusarium wilt. Symptoms first appear as slight yellowing of the leaves and wilting. top leaves. As wilting progresses, the leaves may turn dull green to brown and remain on the plant. When the stem or roots are cut, reddish-brown stripes are visible in the conductive tissues. Sick plants must be removed.

Look at the selection of photos "Diseases of pepper and measures to combat them":

spider mite on the pepper in the photo
Spider mite in the photo

Spider mite. AT steppe zone Pepper plants are often infested with spider mites. When a pest appears, treat the plants with Iskra-M or Fufanon. If the harvest is on the way, use Tuoeum Jet, colloidal sulfur or Bitoxibacillin.

Aphids on pepper (photo)
Aphids in the photo

Aphid. This pest can also create problems when growing a crop. To fight, use Iskra Zolotaya or Konfidor, Komandor with a waiting period of at least 20 days. During the harvest period - "Fitoverm", "Iskra Bio", "Akarin" (waiting period 2-3 days).

Here you can see photos of diseases and pests that threaten the crop:

Spider mite on sweet pepper leaves (photo)
Aphids on sweet pepper leaves (photo)

The best varieties of sweet pepper for open ground: photo and description

Traditional varieties of sweet pepper combine excellent fruit set, large fruit and excellent taste. They differ in ripening time, fruit color, their weight is up to 200 g, with a fleshy, juicy wall. Characterized by a friendly return of the harvest.

These varieties include:

Pepper seeds "Gift of Moldova" in the photo
Pepper "Gift of Moldova" in the photo

"Gift of Moldova",

Pepper seeds "Swallow" in the photo
Pepper "Swallow" in the photo

"Martin",

Pepper seeds "Belozerka" in the photo
Pepper "Belozerka" in the photo

Belozerka,

Pepper seeds "Winnie the Pooh" in the photo
Pepper "Winnie the Pooh" in the photo

"Winnie the Pooh",

Pepper seeds "Venti" in the photo
Pepper "Venti" in the photo

"Venti"

Pepper seeds "Caramel" in the photo
Pepper "Caramel" in the photo

"Caramel",

Pepper seeds "Golden Jubilee" in the photo
Pepper "Golden Jubilee" in the photo

"Golden Jubilee"

Pepper seeds "Yaroslav" in the photo
Pepper "Yaroslav" in the photo

"Yaroslav",

Pepper seeds "Alyosha Popovich" in the photo
Pepper "Alyosha Popovich" in the photo

"Alyosha Popovich".

Early ripe hybrids of sweet pepper.

Pepper seeds "Latino" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Latino" F1 in the photo

Latino F1- from shoots to technical ripeness of fruits 97-110 days. Plants up to 100 cm high. The fruits of this variety of pepper for open ground are cube-shaped, 3-4-chambered. In technical ripeness it is dark green, in biological ripeness it is bright red.

Pepper seeds "Peresvet" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Peresvet" F1 in the photo

"Peresvet" F1- from seedlings to technical ripeness 92-105 days, to biological - 120-135. The plant is medium-sized, 50-60 cm high, compact, standard.

Pepper seeds "Sonata" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Sonata" F1 in the photo

"Sonata" F1- from germination to technical maturity 95-100 days. The plant is up to 100 cm high. The fruit is cuboid, 3-4-celled, glossy, dark green in technical ripeness, bright red in biological ripeness, weighing 180-200 g.

Pepper seeds "Orange miracle" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Orange miracle" F1 in the photo

"Orange Miracle" F1. Hybrid for open and protected ground (100-110 days) Plants 90-110 cm high. Fruits are large, cube-shaped, bright orange color.

Seeds of pepper "Jubilee Semko" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Anniversary Semko" F1 in the photo

"Jubilee Semko" F1- hybrid for open and protected ground (90-100 days). The plant is standard, medium-sized, 50-60 cm high, compact, slightly sprawling and slightly leafy. The fruits are light green in technical ripeness and red in biological.

Pepper seeds "Montero" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Montero" F1 in the photo

"Montero" F1- 90-108 days pass from germination to technical ripeness of fruits. The fruits are long, prism-shaped, green in technical ripeness, bright red in biological ripeness.

Pepper seeds "Snowfall" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Snowfall" F1 in the photo

"Snowfall" F1- cone-shaped fruits, up to 15 cm long, creamy white at the technical stage, red at the biological stage.

High yields give and hybrids

Pepper seeds "Grenada" in the photo
Pepper "Grenada" in the photo

"Grenada",

Pepper seeds "Seville" in the photo
Pepper "Seville" in the photo

"Seville"

Pepper seeds "Casablanca" in the photo
Pepper "Casablanca" in the photo

Seeds of pepper "United" in the photo
Pepper "United" in the photo

"Single" with large cube-shaped fruits.

Seeds of a mixture of pepper hybrids "Siesta" in the photo
Peppers hybrids "Siesta" in the photo

Among the best varieties of pepper, a special mixture of Siesta hybrids is distinguished.

Hybrids of sweet pepper of the original color:

Pepper seeds "Cardinal" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Cardinal" F1 in the photo

"Cardinal" F1 with major purple cube-shaped fruits.

Pepper seeds "Aries" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Aries" F1 in the photo

Aries F1- with large dark red fruits weighing up to 300 g, prism-shaped.

Pepper seeds "Fidelio" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Fidelio" F1 in the photo

Fidelio F1- with silvery-white fruits.

Large-fruited sweet pepper hybrids include:

Pepper seeds "Russian size" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Russian size" F1 in the photo

"Russian size" F1. Without much additional effort, giants grow over 20 cm long.

Pepper seeds "Yellow bull-NK" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Yellow Bull-NK" F1 in the photo

"Yellow Bull-NK" F1- fruits of an elongated shape, large, up to 200 g, 9x20 cm in size, consist of 3-4 lobes, green, yellow when ripe.

Pepper seeds "Red bull-NK" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Red Bull-NK" F1 in the photo

"Red Bull-NK" F1- fruits are large, weighing up to 200 g, elongated shape 8 x 20 cm, consist of 3-4 lobes, light green, red when ripe.

Sweet pepper "Black bull-NK" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Black bull-NK" F1 in the photo

"Black Bull-NK" F1- Differs in defiant brilliant black color. Fruits weighing up to 400 g.

Pepper seeds "Indalo" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Indalo" F1 in the photo

Indalo F1- mid-season hybrid. From shoots to technical ripeness of fruits 110-120 days. Plants 110-120 cm high. This is one of the best varieties of sweet pepper with large cube-shaped fruits, beautiful bright yellow color, weighing 280-300 g. Wall thickness up to 10 mm.

Pepper seeds "Flamenco" F1 in the photo
Pepper "Flamenco" F1 in the photo

Flamenco F1- early maturing, high-yielding. The variety has cuboid thick-walled fruits measuring 10 x 14 cm, consisting of 3-4 lobes. The fruits are light green in color, when ripe, it acquires an intensely bright red color. The variety is suitable for various types closed and open ground.

The following hybrids deserve attention: Minotaur F1, Sevilla F1, Athena F1, Flamenco F1.

Look at the best varieties of pepper in the photo below:

Pepper variety "Seville" F1
Pepper variety "Flamenco" F1

Uses of sweet pepper

According to the content of vitamin C, sweet pepper ranks first among vegetable crops. Its fruits in technical ripeness contain 100-150 mg% of vitamin C per 100 g of fresh weight, and in biological - 250-480 mg%. Vitamin P (rutin) is of particular value to pepper; in fruits it is 70-380 mg% per 100 g of wet weight. Contains Bell pepper and vitamin A - 0.5-16 mg%. It contains from 2 to 6% sugars and starch, about 1.5% proteins, fat, fiber, ash compounds.

Sweet pepper contains valuable carotene for the body (red pepper is especially rich in it), vitamins B1, B2, E, PP, as well as minerals, among which there are sodium and potassium. It is also rich in glucose, fructose, useful organic acids and mineral salts.

The use of all varieties of sweet pepper for food is permissible at the onset of technical ripeness. These are already fully formed fruits of at least 6-8 cm, with thick fleshy walls, light green or green in color and with a characteristic peppery aroma.

Red, yellow, orange, rose yellow, black, lilac or green peppers are beautiful in all forms. Fresh fruits decorate dishes with bright multi-colored colors, taste and aroma. You can also use pepper leaves in the preparation of soups, green cabbage soup, borscht. They contain vitamin C.

Sweet peppers are eaten raw, fried, baked, stuffed, pickled, pickled and even dried. Ripe fruits can be crushed and dried. Dry fruits of this culture and powder from them are a vitamin product used as a seasoning for second courses and for making sauces.

Sweet peppers can also be stored in fresh. To do this, the fruits are cut carefully together with the stalk. Each fruit is wrapped in paper, placed in a cardboard box in 1-2 layers, placed on a shelf in a dry cellar. Fruits harvested at the stage of technical ripeness gradually ripen, and their content of vitamin C increases.

Many people spend the summer months in their dachas, growing a wide variety of crops. Home grown fruits and vegetables are 100% natural and will only benefit your health and help you prepare for the long winter. One of the most common crops is sweet pepper. This vegetable is the source huge amount vitamins, it can be used to prepare a variety of dishes and preparations for the winter. It is especially useful when growing it with your own hands. Let's remember, and if you don't know, then find out how to breed such a crop as sweet pepper on your "plot of land", we will consider growing and caring for it for this.

Seedling

sweet pepper seeds without fail sown for seedlings. They germinate within one and a half to two weeks, and fifty-five to sixty-five days are considered the optimal age for planting young plants in the ground. It is necessary to prepare the seeds for planting at an early date, somewhere from the twenty-fifth of January to the tenth of February. First, they are pickled in a weak solution of potassium permanganate, then washed and kept for eleven hours in a growth stimulator. Next, the planting material should be rinsed and kept wet for a couple of days.

Planting sweet pepper seeds for seedlings

Seeds for seedlings are planted in one box, deepening by a centimeter, with an interval of a couple of centimeters from each other. The container should be covered with polyethylene or glass and put away in a warm place. The soil should be fairly moist, but not soggy.

The best temperature for growing seedlings is twenty-five degrees during the day and twenty-two to twenty-four at night. On cloudy days, in the evenings and mornings, it should be illuminated using LED or fluorescent bulbs. Watering is carried out with warm water.
After a couple of leaves appear on the seedlings, transplant them into separate containers.

Landing in open ground

In May, the grown seedlings can be taken out to the greenhouse for hardening. Plants are planted outdoors after the danger of frost has completely passed. Planting is carried out at intervals of twenty to thirty centimeters between individual plants, and sixty to seventy centimeters between rows. Water the seedlings abundantly shortly before planting so that they do not wither. It is advisable, before planting, to shed the prepared holes with water heated in the sun - a liter or two for each hole. Carefully freeing the seedlings from the pot, place them vertically in the hole and deepen them a little more than they were placed in the pot. After all, adventitious roots will form on the stem, which will be underground, which can provide the pepper with an additional supply of nutrients.

Features of growing in open ground

Pepper feels best in areas protected from the wind and covered with fertile soil. Do not grow it several years in a row in the same place. Tall crops that you plant a little earlier in a neighboring garden bed can be excellent protection from the wind. It is worth remembering that pepper is a light-loving crop. It should be placed on well-drained soil that is able to retain moisture.
It is better to prepare a plot for planting pepper since autumn.

Caring for sweet peppers outdoors

Watering

Of course, to get a decent harvest, peppers need to be watered systematically. After planting, the soil should be moistened every two to three days, using a liter of water for each plant. If the weather is hot, then watering can be carried out every day. Keep in mind that excessive moisture can harm plants and cause their death.
Over time, watering is reduced and carried out only when necessary. When harvesting, watering should be done more frequently.

loosening

Bulgarian pepper especially loves loose soil, in no case should you allow the formation of a crust on the surface of the soil. Systematic loosening will help provide water access to the roots of plants, prevent the emergence of weeds and increase yields.
However, keep in mind that in the first couple of weeks after planting, the pepper almost does not grow, at this time it is not necessary to loosen it.

top dressing

For the entire growing season, pepper can be fed three or four times. The first time such a manipulation is carried out in parallel with the first loosening (one and a half to two weeks after planting). To do this, you can use a solution of slurry or bird droppings in combination with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers or wood ash. Also, top dressing is necessary immediately before the start of fruiting and at its peak. Sprinkling the soil with ash will also benefit: one or two glasses of ash per square meter of soil.

To get a really beautiful bush with strong side shoots, you should pinch off the top from the main stem. Carry out such a manipulation when the height of the pepper reaches twenty to twenty-five centimeters. After that, the plant will begin to actively branch, but it is worth leaving only four or five upper stepchildren, they will give you a crop. Each bush can produce about twenty to twenty-five fruits.

If you are growing high varieties of sweet peppers, you should definitely tie them up. Therefore, even during the planting of seedlings, install a special support near each bush and fix the trunk to it.

Thus, growing sweet peppers in the open field is not such a difficult task for a responsible and patient gardener. If desired, even a novice lover of his vegetables and fruits without special skills can handle it.

Ekaterina, www.site

P.S. The text uses some forms characteristic of oral speech.

How to grow pepper in the open field and create care? Sweet pepper is a southern crop and requires heat and humidity. In the middle lane, pepper in open soil is grown through seedlings and with the help of greenhouses. To grow the desired crop crop, you need special care.

Pepper grows well in the open ground of the middle lane

Soil preparation

Growing pepper in the open field requires competent land preparation.

Outdoor sweet peppers grow best in mild climates and areas with more sun and less wind. To protect from the wind, they make a shield from plants or build a wattle fence.

To grow peppers in open areas, it is important to understand after which crops it is more efficient to grow peppers.

Pepper planting is best done in the place where cabbage, pumpkin, cucumbers, legumes, table root crops grew. In places with a previous crop of tomato, eggplant, potatoes, it is not recommended to plant pepper for three years, since diseases of these vegetables spread through the ground.

The soil allocated for pepper should be characterized by fertility, holding moisture. The soil begins to be prepared in the fall. When harvesting in the fall, you need to carefully collect the remains of the previous crop and dig up the ground. They also fertilize the soil, enriching it with such substances (per 1 square meter):

• superphosphate in the amount of 30-50 g;
• wood ash - 50-80 g;
• humus - from 5 to 10 kg.

In places where they were fertilized with fresh manure, sweet peppers should not be planted, since there is no need for organic fresh top dressing. The search for nitrogen in the soil causes the active growth of the vegetative parts of the pepper, and the ovary is so poorly preserved, which affects the yield.

In the fall, the place where they plan to place the pepper is dug deep. In the spring, the earth is loosened and fed with fertilizers with phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen. The earth is slightly dug up and leveled before planting seedlings.

Pumpkin is a great precursor to pepper

How to properly plant seedlings?

Before planting, it is important to water the seedlings well so that the pepper does not wither. Withered pepper does not take root well, its growth is delayed, which leads to the fall of the first buds. So the early harvest is lost.

If the weather is hot, it is better to plant in the evening. In gloomy weather, a morning disembarkation is recommended.

Prepare planting holes and water. It is recommended to pour up to two liters of water (minimum one liter) into each well, which must be heated in the sun. Seedlings are planted deeper than they were planted in pots, like seedlings. On the stalk covered with earth, adventitious roots are formed that can nourish the plant.

Pepper seedlings are planted in holes, while ensuring sufficient watering.

How to water sweet peppers?

Sweet pepper seedlings require special care.

In order for the seedling to take root faster, it is necessary to water under the root every 2-3 days. For one seedling, 1-2 liters of water are consumed. If the weather is hot, water every day. After seven days, the seedlings are checked and where the pepper has died, they are planted new sprout from the reserve. Reduce the amount of watering. This is called "thin" watering. It is important not to harm the plants with abundant watering. How to determine the need for a vegetable in water? If the plant darkens, this is a sign that water is needed. Do not allow long-term wilting of the plant. If there is wilting of the leaves in the heat, this is not a reason for watering.

When the fruits ripen, watering is done once every 5-6 days. In the heat, water in the morning or evening hours.

Watering young peppers should be regular.

When to loosen the soil?

Sweet pepper grows comfortably in loosened soil. It is impossible to bring to the appearance of an earthen crust.

What are the benefits of loosening the soil?

• Improves air flow to the root.
• The plant grows faster.
• The functioning of microorganisms is stimulated.

Weeding the ground, there is a fight against weeds.

You should be aware of the slow growth of pepper in the first 10-14 days, because the rhizome is strengthened and the soil does not need to be loosened.

The first loosening of the earth is done after the first "thin" watering. The root system is located in the upper ball of the earth, so loosening will be shallow, at the level of 5-10 cm.

If the earth is heavy, it is allowed to loosen the soil for the first time deeper, destroying the soil crust. So the soil warms up and ventilates better.

Hilling is carried out during flowering.

Loosening the soil around the peppers should be done regularly.

Feeding

Pepper care will not bring the desired harvest if not fed.

Seedlings are well fertilized with nettle top dressing. To do this, combine nettle with water, in a ratio of 1:10 and insist for two days. Last time feed seedlings 2 days before planting, increasing the dosage of fertilizers with potassium (7 g per 1 liter of liquid).

At least three top dressings are done per season. The first time during the first fluffing (after disembarkation in two weeks). Fertilize with slurry from manure, bird droppings, mixing with phosphorus-potassium supplements or with wood ash.

Manure is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:4, bird droppings are diluted 1:10. It is good to alternate chicken afterbirth with nitrophoska (1 tbsp per bucket of liquid).

In a solution of organic fertilizer (manure, litter), it is effective to add 40-60 g of superphosphate and potassium chloride up to 20 g or wood ash in the amount of 150-200 g.

Mineral fertilizers are also used. To do this, add the following substances to 10 liters of water:

• ammonium nitrate - 15-20 g;
• superphosphate - 40-60 g;
• potassium chloride - 15-20 g.

This dressing is used for 8-10 seedlings.

During the formation of fruits, the need for nutrition of pepper increases. At this stage, the third feeding is carried out. And the second time they are fed at the beginning, fruiting begins with an increase in the dose ammonium nitrate.

If the fruits of the culture ripen small, they are fed for the fourth time.

It is important to know that when caring for peppers, they use fertilizers without chlorine or with a very small percentage. Peppers do not tolerate chlorine. But there is a good substitute for potassium chloride - wood ash.

Superphosphate is one of the main fertilizers for peppers.

How to protect peppers from frost?

Having planted pepper, you need to know how to protect the crop from frost and damage. Caring for a crop at the time of frost forces ingenuity.

Tents are built from improvised materials (pieces of wood, cardboard, fabric, etc.). They are made in the evening and removed in the morning. But when the cold snap lasts for a long time, it is advisable to use a film.

Often there is a fall of flowers and ovaries. All due to unfavorable for the vegetable temperature regime(low or very high temperature). Growth stops at + 8-10 degrees. But if the heat is 30-35 degrees for several days, the buds also fall off.

The result of untimely watering is a lack of moisture. Dry soil also reduces crop growth.

You can not shade the pepper. In low light, especially during a cold snap, flowers and ovaries also fall.

Bell pepper flowers may fall off due to lack of sunlight.

Features of care bell pepper

There are some subtleties of pepper care, in order to better yield:

1. It is imperative to pinch pepper - removal of lateral and lower stepchildren. But in hot and dry weather, pinching is not recommended. The leaves protect the soil from evaporation. Professionals suggest, to increase the yield, cut off the central flower that has grown from the first branch.
2. During the growing season, long shoots are cut a few so that there is no shading of other branches.
3. Remove the shoots of the plant below the main branch and internal branches. Pruning is done every 10 days.
4. Pollinating insects are useful for sweet peppers. They are lured by spraying the plant, during the flowering period, with a solution of sugar (100 g of sugar and 2 g of boric acid are diluted in 1 liter of hot water).
5. Applying mulching of pepper with rotted straw (up to 10 cm layer) - the frequency of irrigation will decrease.
6. When leaving, it is important to tie up the culture immediately after hilling and mulching.

Mulching Peppers Helps Reduce Watering Frequency

Pest control

Pepper is sensitive to diseases, therefore it requires special care.

But most pepper suffers from pests (scoop, whitefly, aphids, Colorado potato beetle, bear, slugs).

So that the plant is not damaged, pollination is carried out with wood ash (three times per season). You can fight aphids with a solution of serum with water (0.5 liters of serum per bucket of liquid). And sprinkle the leaves with wood ash on top.

Having adopted all the tips, you can grow excellent harvest sweet pepper.

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bell pepper

refers to the most common vegetables among domestic gardeners. It is actively planted both in open ground and in greenhouses. Caring for it cannot be called scrupulous, however, some basic principles and agrotechnical features still need to be considered in more detail. By being prepared for the process of growing bell peppers at home, you will be able to achieve visible results.

Land preparation

Very often it is the choice of the optimal land plot for planting bell peppers becomes a whole problem. Many farmers believe that a garden is also suitable for this purpose: the land is regularly fertilized, while being quite loose. However, there is one significant downside. As a rule, the garden is an open area, the winds are constantly blowing there, and the plants cannot be protected from it. Such conditions are considered not optimal in the case of bell pepper. So try to plant this vegetable crop in a place protected from strong drafts. In addition, it is very important that it is well lit.

Before planting bell peppers in open ground, some soil preparation procedures should be carried out. What exactly needs to be done by the farmer:

It is recommended to pay attention to one more nuance before you finally plant a pepper in your garden. Let's say you want to breed several varieties of pepper at once. In this case, it is better to plant the sprouts away from each other. The thing is that this agriculture can pollinate in the process of maturation. There is a risk that as a result you will not get the result you expected. However, there is a way out of the situation. Divide a home plantation of several varieties of pepper more tall plants(corn, tomatoes or sunflower). Thus, you can effortlessly grow several varieties of bell pepper in the garden at once.

Video "Growing and caring for pepper"

From the video you will learn how to properly grow and care for pepper.

Seedling feeding

It is necessary to feed the pepper, but you need to clearly understand what kind of soil you are dealing with. Your choice of fertilizers should also depend on its features. Let's say you decide to plant a pepper in a greenhouse and collect ordinary garden soil there. In this case, be prepared for the fact that it will be necessary to feed the soil every 10 days. If you approached this issue more thoroughly, using a specially prepared earth mixture for planting bell pepper seedlings in it, it will be enough to carry out no more than three stages of fertilization in the future.

How do experienced gardeners get out of the situation?

Many prefer exclusively natural top dressing. Shallow trenches are dug between rows with seedlings, into which manure or bird droppings are poured. When can this procedure be carried out? It is advisable to do this after 2-3 leaves have blossomed on the sprouts. When the seedlings of bell pepper grow noticeably, it must be swooped down, and then the next stage of soil fertilization should be carried out. You can use both special complex mixtures, and dry ash or compost tea.

Feeding after planting

It is possible to determine indefinitely the best place for planting bell peppers. But your efforts to grow a bountiful crop of peppers don't have to end there. Particular attention should be paid to regular feeding of the soil. mineral fertilizers. Moreover, this must be done not one-time, but during the development of the plant, the ripening of the fruit. What kind of fertilizers are suitable for bell pepper, and in what proportions should they be added to the soil?

Among the variety of modern fertilizers, urea and phosphates are most distinguished for this crop. But that's not all.

To date, many summer residents use potash and phosphorus fertilizers for feeding, as well as folk remedies(cow dung or bird droppings). It is best to feed the pepper with natural mixtures.

For example, cow dung is recommended to be diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10. As for bird droppings, here the proportions will be 1:12. These types of dressings are considered the most versatile for bell peppers.

If you prefer to feed a vegetable plant as a disease prevention and in order to strengthen the vegetative part of agriculture, you can safely use universal fertilizers. However, if for some reason you did not feed the soil in advance, or did it, but noticed certain deterioration in appearance bell pepper seedlings, you must act immediately. First, identify the problem and then quickly fix it. For example, if your plant is not sufficiently saturated with nitrogen, over time the vegetative mass begins to turn yellow. In the case when burns appear on the edges of the seedling leaves, the cause in most cases is considered to be a deficiency of potassium in the soil. It happens that bell pepper bushes acquire purple hue: this means that phosphate fertilizers must be added to the substrate.

Stimulation of fruiting

In order to prevent the occurrence of such problems, it is worth supporting seedlings at all stages of its development. For this there are universal natural fertilizers among which nettle tea stands out. How to cook it? It is necessary to grind the stems of this plant, and then fill them with some kind of barrel or container (about 2/3). Greens are filled with water. It is desirable to leave the resulting mixture in a dark place for effective fermentation. At the end of the process, and it will take about a week, the solution is used to fertilize the soil, before diluting it with water in a ratio of 1:10. If you wish, you can feed the soil to obtain a more generous harvest of bell pepper using a high concentration of nettle solution. To do this, you need to add dandelion, wood lice, plantain and other herbal plants to it.

Stimulation of fruiting is not a bad thing, however, it is undesirable to overdo it. With excessively large volumes of fertilizers and too frequent top dressing, the branched part of the bell pepper may become woody. In addition, sometimes you can get the opposite result: when the soil is oversaturated with fertilizers, the fruits grow almost empty inside, falling off long before the end of the ripening period.

Irrigation Features

Outdoor bell pepper varieties do not require too much care. However, when it comes to moisturizing, oversights in this matter are unacceptable, as they can cost you dearly. Interestingly, it is recommended to water pepper seedlings regularly, it is impossible for the soil to dry out. But it is also not worth breeding excessive dampness.

What rules should be followed regarding watering peppers:

• after planting seedlings in open ground, it is undesirable to water it immediately. It is necessary to give her a few days to adapt and only after that carry out the first phase of watering. Next, try to observe the established intervals, until the seedlings begin to actively sprout;
• as soon as the sprouts turn green, it is recommended to water them daily;
• be sure to use warm and settled water for irrigation in advance - non-compliance with such recommendations is fraught with the occurrence of diseases in the plant;
• it is important that water does not fall directly on the pepper leaves;
• drainage must be present at the bottom of the seedling container. Thus, excess moisture will evaporate in a timely manner.

Video "Growing pepper in a greenhouse"

From the video you will learn how to effectively grow peppers in a greenhouse.

bell pepper also called sweet, it is rich in useful substances and vitamins, various colors, juicy and tasty.

Process growing sweet pepper has its own characteristics, since pepper is a heat-loving vegetable. To get a good harvest of peppers, you need to have knowledge and certain skills.

Consider growing bell pepper from seeds, from seedlings, features of care when growing in open ground, pest and disease control, when to harvest.

Content:

- Video - Peppers, the secret of a rich harvest

- Video - HOW TO FORM PEPPER CORRECTLY!!! CARE AND FEEDING!!!
Pepper pruning
Pests and diseases of bell pepper
Harvesting bell pepper
- Video - 10 MISTAKES when growing sweet peppers

Pepper is a plant with short daylight hours, and if the daylight hours are less than 12 hours, the pepper begins to bear fruit earlier.

It is not advisable to plant pepper seeds in open ground even in the southern regions, because it is necessary to wait until the soil warms up, the pepper will begin to bear fruit later and not for long. Therefore, mostly sweet peppers are grown in seedlings.

Growing seedlings of bell pepper

When growing seedlings at home, pepper seeds are sown in February so that the plants have 90-100 days before transplanting into the ground. Pepper does not tolerate diving, so try to immediately sow the seeds in separate peat pots with a diameter of 8-10 cm.

There is no need to use large pots due to the slow development of the root system of peppers.

Soil for seedlings

A light and loose substrate is suitable, consisting of humus mixed with 1 part of earth and 1 part of sand. Add to 1 kg of substrate 1 tbsp. l. wood ash.

Before sowing, treat pepper seeds - soak the seeds in hot water + 50 degrees for 5 hours. Then place the seeds in a damp cloth for germination for 2-3 days, the room temperature should be + 20 degrees. After such pre-sowing preparation, seedlings appear the very next day after sowing.

Seeds sown in cups, pour over and cover plastic wrap or glass. Before emergence, keep the pots in a warm place with a temperature of + 22 degrees. After the emergence of shoots, remove the film and transfer the seedlings to a room with a temperature of 26-28 degrees during the day and 10-15 degrees at night.

When caring for seedlings of peppers, do not allow the soil to dry out, but we do not recommend excessive watering.

Watering with warm water +30 degrees, from cold water will increase frail seedling plants can get sick. The air in the room should not be too dry, protect the plants from drafts and spray the plants.

In winter in February, seedlings require additional lighting so that daylight hours are from 7 am to 9 pm.

First dressing carried out in the phase of the appearance of 2 true leaves with the following solution: dilute 5 g of ammonium nitrate, 10 g of potash fertilizers, 30 g of superphosphate in 10 liters of water.

Second top dressing be carried out 14 days after the first with mineral fertilizers in 2 times greater proportions than the first.

Third top dressing carried out 2 days before planting seedlings in the ground. Increase the dose of potash fertilizers in the solution to 70 g per 10 liters of water.

A few weeks before planting pepper seedlings, the plants are hardened, taking them out into fresh air for several hours. Make sure that the air temperature is not lower than +13 degrees, the seedlings may die.

Choosing a place for planting bell pepper

Pick up a plot in the garden where cucumbers, onions, pumpkins, carrots, cabbage, zucchini, and various green manure grew before. Pepper grows poorly and bears fruit if planted on a site where potatoes, eggplants, tomatoes, peppers grew before.

Peppers grow best in light soils. Prepare the site for planting in advance, apply 50 g of phosphorus and potash fertilizers per m2 in the fall, dig deep. In the spring, add 40 g of ammonium nitrate per m2 of plot to the topsoil.

Before planting seedlings in open ground, disinfect the soil with this solution: dilute 1 tbsp of copper sulfate in 10 liters of water.

At the end of May, pepper seedlings are planted in open ground with a distance of 40x40 cm between plants. Seedlings are planted in a film greenhouse at the end of April.

Seedlings should be planted at the same depth with which the plants grew in cups or boxes. Do not expose the roots, but also try not to drop the root neck.

Peppers do not like cold soil, arrange high beds for peppers raised by 25 cm to get a good crop of peppers.

Attention: pepper is subject to cross-pollination, therefore different varieties plant peppers as far apart as possible or separate with tall plantations of tomatoes, corn, sunflowers.

Video - Peppers, the secret of a rich harvest

Outdoor Pepper Care

It is necessary to timely water, fertilize, garter and weed pepper plantings.

Top dressing of peppers in open ground

During the season, it is necessary to carry out 3-4 top dressings with chicken manure diluted with water 1 x 10. Alternate such top dressing with foliar top dressing using spraying with nitrophoska (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water).

Potassium deficiency will lead to twisting of the leaves, the appearance of a drying border. But pepper does not tolerate an abundance of potassium chloride.

At nitrogen deficiency pepper leaves become smaller, acquire a dull grayish tint. If excess nitrogen occurs, flowers and ovaries are shed.

Phosphorus deficiency- the leaves on the underside become rich purple, pressed against the stem of the plants and rise up.

At lack of magnesium leaves become marbled.

Video - HOW TO FORM PEPPER CORRECTLY!!! CARE AND FEEDING!!!

Pepper Care

Spend pinching in hot and humid weather, removing side shoots, especially the lower ones. And vice versa, when the weather is hot and dry, the peppers are not stepchildren, the leaves during this period protect the plants from evaporating the moisture of the soil.

Pepper pruning

During the growing season, pruning of the longest shoots is carried out, especially all shoots below the fork of the main stem, as well as all branches going inside the plant, are removed. Pruning every 10 days and after fruit picking.

To attract pollinating insects, spray pepper plantings with a sugar or honey solution: 100 g of sugar, add 2 g of boric acid, dilute everything in a liter of hot water.

Mulching peppers with rotted straw (10 cm layer) will reduce the frequency of watering to 1 time in 10 days.

Timely carry out the garter of plants, it is better to do this after hilling.

Pests and diseases of pepper

Pests such as slugs, cutworms, aphids, whiteflies, mole crickets, and the Colorado potato beetle can harm plants. It is necessary to pollinate the pepper with wood ash 3 times per season.

Common diseases of sweet pepper- Late blight, Septoria, macrosporiosis, top rot, white rot, black leg.

In the fight against the bear, before planting in the ground, fill the planting holes with onion water (500 g of onion peel to insist in 10 liters of water for 3 days).

In case of aphids infestation, treat the plants with a solution: dilute 1.5 l of whey in 10 l of water. After processing, crush with ash.

Harvesting bell pepper

When the peppers are the right size and color for ripeness, start harvesting by cutting off the stemmed vegetables. Pepper ripening begins in early August and continues until the first frost.

Video - 10 MISTAKES when growing sweet peppers

Big harvests of sweet pepper to you!

To get a good harvest of bell pepper, it is important to create for him the necessary conditions. High humidity and high temperature are the indicators that positively affect this vegetable. But such a plant can be grown not only in warm regions. It is often found in garden beds. In order for the pepper to produce a crop, it is important to know how to plant peppers in open ground, what to put in holes, and also what should be the distance when planting peppers in open ground, and how to properly care for sweet peppers in open ground.

Seed processing technology

Growing bell peppers in the open field begins with proper preparation seeds. The technology of preparing the bushes for planting consists in calculating the timing, because the sowing must be carried out so that by the required date the pepper is ready for planting in the ground.

There are several seed treatment techniques to successfully preserve and improve planting material. With their help, you can increase the guarantees for a successful harvest.

Interesting! If the seed is not processed, then the seeds will sprout fourteen days after planting. When processing, the result will be visible on the third day.

The first step is to determine which of the seeds are healthy. To do this, they must be filled with a 3% solution of baking soda and water. room temperature. Healthy seeds in five minutes will remain at the bottom of the vessel, and empty and unsuitable for planting will float on the surface. After checking, the seed is washed from salt and prepared for processing.

Seed material is disinfected using various solutions. It can be Albit, Fitosporin, Alirin-B or Trichodermin. You can also use the grandmother's recipe and treat the swollen pepper seeds with a solution of potassium permanganate. 30 minutes will be enough for the treatment to give a result.

Increases the immunity of the plant and accelerates its growth, drugs such as Ecogel, Novosil or Epin. They are applied according to the instructions attached to them. To improve the effect, such drugs can be used after the ascent of sprouts.

In order to make the seeds strong and strong, special fertilizers are used that strengthen the seeds. To do this, it is enough to soak the seeds in diluted fertilizer for 12 hours.

Growing seedlings of pepper

Seedlings are grown in the ground three months after sowing the seeds. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare from February. It is important to complete all the necessary procedures before proceeding with seed sowing. First of all, it is necessary to process and disinfect the seeds. Then they are hardened and soaked. After that, they are ready to land.

Sowing seeds

In order for the pepper to grow faster, you must first wrap the seeds in a damp cloth and hide in a warm place for two days. After that, you can plant them in pre-prepared soil (in boxes, pots or other containers). The distance between the peppers when planting in the ground should be 1.5 cm, after which the container is covered with glass or plastic wrap until the seedlings rise.

Important! For planting bell pepper, light soil is needed, which consists of sand, black soil and humus. Water the seedlings with water, which is infused for one day.

It is important to regularly apply fertilizers of organic and mineral origin to the soil. The first feeding occurs after the first leaves on the seedlings bloom.

Growing seedlings of pepper

You can prepare the soil at home with the help of the following components:

• sod land;
• peat;
• humus;
• sawdust.

All components are mixed in a ratio of 2:4:1:1. Then, ash and sand are added to the soil formed, adhering to the following dosages: for one bucket, three tablespoons of ash and 0.5 l river sand. The resulting consistency is watered with potassium permanganate.

There are two ways to grow bell peppers:

With the help of a pick

It is important to carry out a pick in time so that the plant takes root better. As soon as the seeds germinate, the vegetable grower counts 20 days and makes a pick. Since the root of the pepper does not recover well, they do not touch it, but use other parts of the plant.

Without using picks

This technique is more common. It is only necessary to move the seedlings from a smaller container to a larger one. Then the root system is not affected and the plant takes root faster.

Growing peppers on a windowsill

When growing bell peppers on a windowsill, you need to know a few subtleties and nuances. First of all, it is necessary to choose the right time for planting seeds. Since bell peppers at home often do not have enough heat and sufficient humidity, they will rise longer than the allotted time. Therefore, it is recommended to plant seeds in late February - early March.

For normal plant growth, it needs to provide 12 hours of light. To do this, it is enough to keep the windows constantly clean, as dirty windows take away part of the light.

Do not forget about the humidity in the room. For bell pepper, it should be 70%. To do this, a humidifier is installed in the room. Of course, you can spray plants with a spray bottle, but a humidifier will be more rational and safer.

For planting seeds, two-hundred-gram cups are used, which are replaced by liter ones after one month has passed after planting.

Bulgarian pepper, cultivation and care in the open field

The technology of growing peppers outdoors is similar to growing tomatoes. It is important to water the plant in time, feed it, shape it, and, if necessary, remove stepchildren. Don't forget about protection various pests and diseases.

It is necessary to water the sweet pepper as soon as it is planted in open ground, then after five days. After each watering, it is necessary to loosen the earth so that there is no hardened soil. Plant feeding is carried out three times a season. For this, nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus are used.

Don't forget about heat protection. To prevent pollen from losing its abilities, it is necessary to make screens that will darken the plant.

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Bulgarian pepper growing in a barrel

You can also grow a culture in a barrel. To do this, you need to take a barrel and remove the bottom from it. In order for oxygen to enter the barrel, holes must be made in its walls, 1 cm in diameter at a distance of 20 cm from each other.

Then the following components are laid out in layers: faded (layer thickness 10 cm), soil mixture (turf and ordinary earth, compost).

In early May, one bush of pepper is planted and covered with a film. After three hours, cut off all the lower leaves and cover the plant 10 cm with soil mixture. After the plant grows up, repeat the procedure. Do this until the barrel is completely filled with earth (this will be the beginning of June). Then the barrel can no longer be covered with a film.

Features of agricultural technology

Agrotechnics for growing sweet peppers in open ground consists of the following processes:

• Irrigation. It is necessary to water the seedlings with settled water every day. You need to be careful not to overdo it with water.
• Prevention. Spray plants periodically with a spray bottle to maintain moisture.
• Temperature. It should not exceed 22°C in daytime and 15°C at night.
• Top dressing. To increase the immunity of pepper, it is necessary to feed it with minerals.

Principles of growing on the site

Sweet pepper is a plant that requires care and attention. That's why experienced gardener prepare everything in advance necessary tools to take care of him. Outdoor care for sweet peppers consists of the following steps:

• seedling preparation;
• planting a plant in the ground;
• watering;
• feeding

Bush preparation

Before planting seedlings in open ground, it must be hardened. To do this, the plant periodically needs to be taken out in the sun to adapt. Due to this, the pepper will be resistant to weather conditions and will be strong. Hardening begins two weeks before disembarkation.

The process of planting plants in open soil

To get a good harvest of pepper, you need to choose the right place for the beds. This area should not be under direct wind currents, be sunny and protected from drafts. Since autumn, it is important to prepare the necessary area for planting, after digging it up and fertilizing it. It is necessary to plant bell peppers in open ground by impregnating the soil with potash and phosphorus substances.

When disembarking, it is important to remember that sweet peppers do not like direct sunlight and too hot air. Therefore, care must be taken that the seedlings are in the shade.

Depending on which variety is planted, a scheme is developed for planting bell pepper in open ground. The holes should be 35 cm apart from each other, and 45 cm between the rows. If two peppers are planted in the ground, then the distance increases to 60 cm.

There is also a square-nested method of planting pepper. Its essence is that each hole has the same sides that do not exceed 60 cm.

Pepper is transplanted into the ground in late spring or early June, depending on weather conditions. It is recommended to do this on a cloudy day or in the late afternoon, so that there are no direct rays of the sun on the ground.

Planting pepper in open ground begins with the fact that the seedlings are first watered and carefully, without damaging the root of the plant, are removed from the container along with a lump of soil. It is important to know at what depth it is necessary to plant pepper seedlings in the hole. Under the ground, the stem of the plant is placed up to its first lower leaves. After the planting of sweet pepper in open ground has been completed, it is recommended to insert pegs nearby, to which it will be tied in the future.

Irrigation Features

Bulgarian pepper does not require regular watering and moistening of open ground. Initially, it must be watered at the time of disembarkation, then after 5 days and then watered once a week. Approximately one liter of water is needed for one bush of pepper.

During flowering, water for irrigation should be about 20 ° C. Do not forget to loosen the ground around the bush after each watering so that a crust does not form. To keep moisture longer, bell peppers are advised to mulch. Pepper mulching in the open field is carried out using overripe straw or grass.

Pepper dressing

It is necessary to fertilize the soil three times during the entire season. In order for plants to develop and grow normally, they need nitrogen. Therefore, the first feeding are preparations with a nitrogen content. It is done after 2 weeks after planting the bushes in the ground.

The next top dressing is carried out during the flowering period of pepper. Potassium is required for the formation of fruits. It is found in wood ash. And the last feeding occurs when the first fruit has formed. For this, potassium salt and superphosphate are used. Two teaspoons of each component are added to a bucket of water and the plants are watered with the resulting solution.

Possible diseases and pests, and their control

On pepper, you can often observe such pests:

• slugs
• Colorado beetle;
• whitefly;
• bear.

These pests are harvested by hand, and for aphids, a solution of wood ash is used.

The most popular diseases are:

• Yellowing of leaves. This means that the pepper lacks nitrogen. For treatment, it is necessary to add 1 teaspoon of urea to 10 liters of water and spray the bushes with the resulting solution.
• Falling ties. A solution of boric acid will solve the problem (1 spoon per bucket of water).
• The fruits develop poorly. It is treated with superphosphate or wood ash.
• Blackleg. Occurs from an excess of moisture.

Growing greenhouse pepper

Planting a crop in open ground under a film is considered the most convenient, as it brings the culture closer to normal conditions. Seedlings can be planted in the greenhouse in April. To do this, holes are made in the greenhouse, adhering to the correct distance.

Before planting seedlings, it is important to fertilize the hole. For this, a solution based on chicken manure or manure is perfect (half a glass of fertilizer per 10 liters of water). After planting, the bushes are watered, taking into account 1 liter per bush. And to support the plant, you can make a support from pegs, so that later you can tie the pepper to it.

Collection and storage

Bulgarian pepper is harvested as the fruit ripens. Some vegetable growers may collect unripe fruits to relieve weight from the bush. This vegetable is used in many recipes in fried, stewed or baked form. Fruits can be peeled and frozen or canned.

In order to receive fresh pepper until December, you can flowering bush together with the ground, transplant into any container and leave on the windowsill in the house.

One of the most common crops that almost every summer resident grows is sweet pepper. And there are several reasons for universal love:

1. Firstly, this tasty and healthy vegetable is versatile. It can be cut into salads fresh, or even cooked solo as a separate dish.
2. Secondly, peppers are easy and simple to grow if you know a few basic principles on how to do it right.

In order for the culture to feel comfortable, you need to look a little into history. This will help you find out what conditions are necessary for good fruiting both outdoors and in the greenhouse.

Sweet peppers are native to South America. So, this plant is best suited for approximately the same climate: warm and not arid.

If the greenhouse is still cool, it is worth installing a heater. And remove excess moisture by ventilation.

Open ground pleases the plant with warmth, but for good growth necessary . These are the basic rules. But there are subtleties of pepper care that every summer resident should know.

How to grow a good crop of pepper in the open field?

A good pepper harvest is no accident. Effort applied with knowledge is needed. So, for example, the rate of fruit ripening and the features of caring for it will depend on the choice of variety. The time of sowing seeds and the time of planting a young plant in the ground will depend on the variety.

Let's divide the whole process of growing pepper into several stages:

1. Soil and seed preparation.
2. Growing pepper seedlings from seed.
3. Plant care.
4. Diseases and pests.

First stage

It all starts with seed preparation. What is included? There are several seed processing technologies.

• One of them is to soak the seeds in hot water for 4-6 hours (water temperature from 40 degrees and above). After that, the seeds are placed in a damp cloth in a heated room for 2 days.
• Another way is to treat the seeds in a weak solution of potassium permanganate for 15-20 minutes. Then they must be washed and placed in a solution for 12 hours. After that, the seeds are washed and placed for a couple of days in a damp cloth.
• Land preparation. If ready-made soil is sold for sowing seeds. Then for planting seedlings after picking and for growing peppers in open ground, care must be taken that the earth is loose and light, good. To do this, humus and sand are added to the soil, in a ratio of 2 to 1. You can add.
• Soil preparation includes site selection. It should be a bright place, protected from drafts. It is advisable to fertilize the ground (40-50 g), rotted (about 10 kg) and wood ash (up to 100 g) since autumn. These figures are per 1m² of soil.

Second phase

Considering that pepper seeds germinate for a long time, within two weeks, they should be planted in containers in advance in order to grow them first.

The approximate time when it is better to do this is the end of January, the beginning of February, depending on the variety and where the young plants will be planted: in open or closed ground.

Sowing seeds:

• the soil is pre-treated with a weak solution of potassium permanganate;
• the box should be at the bottom with holes;
• distance between seeds 2 cm;
• after landing, cover the box with foil or glass, put it in a dark, warm place;
• a box is put into the light with the appearance of the first shoots;
• water only when the soil dries out;
• water with slightly warm water;
• dive with the appearance of two true leaves.

You can sow pepper seeds in separate pots, then you don’t have to replant it, which the plant will really like.

Third stage

It takes about 100 days, and the seedlings are ready for relocation to a permanent place of residence. The middle or end of May is great for this. The soil then warms up well, and the plant is less sick. If the climate is not quite suitable for heat-loving peppers, this problem is easily solved by building a plant.

The seedlings themselves, and the beds prepared by that time for pepper, should be watered abundantly. The water must be warm! The distance between bushes and beds should not be less than 40-60 cm.

What is required to carry out proper care for plants? There is a simple rule of four "P":

1. Top dressing.
2. Watering.
3. Weeding.
4. Garter.

1. Top dressing. During the growth and development of the plant (vegetation period), pepper must be fed 3-4 times. You can do this both with specially prepared commercially available products, and prepare the fertilizer yourself.
   • The first time seedlings are fed 10-14 days after planting in open ground. For 10-12 liters of water, 1 liter of manure is taken.
   • The second top dressing before the flowering period. Potassium humate is diluted with 10 liters of water, 2 tablespoons are added. double superphosphate (it can be pre-crushed).
   • The third time pepper is fed with wood ash or superphosphate (possible in combination). A glass of ash (or 2 tablespoons of superphosphate) is poured with water and infused in the sun for 2 days. This top dressing is carried out two weeks after the last fertilization of the plants.
     Nettle is an excellent universal fertilizer. Cut the nettle, put it in a bucket and pour warm water at the rate of 1 to 10. Leave for 2 or 3 days. Fertilizer is ready.
2. Watering. This plant loves moisture, but not waterlogging. Therefore, it is worth watering the pepper only if the soil is dry. The water must be warm!
3. Weeding. Light, fluffy soil is a prerequisite for good pepper growth. To do this, the earth must be regularly fluffed.
4. Garter. Not only high varieties of pepper need support, but also those that delight gardeners with a good harvest. To do this, in order not to injure the roots of the plant later, even when planting seedlings, a support is buried next to the bush.

Pepper Care When Trouble Arises

Diseases and pests that cause harm to pepper:

• late blight;
• blackleg;
• white rot;
• black bacterial spot;
• whitefly;
• bear;
• slugs
• Colorado beetle.

If the "black leg" is easily prevented by using good land, avoiding waterlogging it, and watering it only with warm water, then from such a disease as late blight, prevention will be the most effective method. For this, it was necessary to treat the seeds before planting. And with the advent of night coolness and rain, plants should be covered at night. Sprinkling with infusion of onion peel is also useful.

From insects such as the Colorado potato beetle and the bear, experienced gardeners use special preparations and herbal infusions: tansy, garlic, yarrow, wormwood.

Pollination with wood ash will help protect the plant from pests. Aphids can be defeated with whey mixed with water (1.5 liters per bucket of water).

Many summer residents prefer to grow heat-loving peppers in a greenhouse. But here there are some points that you need to know, and be prepared for them. For example:

• In order for the cultivation of pepper in a greenhouse to bring only positive results, you need to carefully consider the choice of variety. Not every variety of pepper can do pollination without insects. But even in this case, you can try artificial pollination, using an ordinary soft brush.
• Usually the soil in greenhouses is depleted from more frequent use. So, you need to take care of its fertilizer or replacement of the top layer (20-25 cm) of soil.
• Pesticides and fertilizers are best to use those that are suitable for greenhouses. Most often, on their packaging there is a special mark.
• To combat pests that find conditions convenient for themselves in the greenhouse, it is necessary to spray the pepper with Fitosporin once a month.
• If pepper is planted in a greenhouse in spring or autumn, then it is best to preheat the air in it.
• Be sure to ventilate the greenhouse to avoid too high temperatures and high (almost 100 percent) humidity. If it is not possible to regularly ventilate the greenhouse, artificial ventilation can be equipped in it.

By learning how to properly grow peppers in a greenhouse, and taking the necessary actions, you can ensure that the plants are healthy and the yields are high.

Seedlings for greenhouses and for open ground are grown according to the same principles. The main things for this are three points: with plants you need to keep warm; make sure that the earth does not dry out, and is not too moist; the soil should be lush and light. Looseness of the soil is given by sand, humus, undecomposed organic matter.

Seedlings can be transplanted into the greenhouse earlier than into open ground. At the same time, experienced summer residents advise doing this carefully so that the roots of the young bush are completely immersed in the planting hole, without bending or twisting.

There are few rules for growing peppers in open ground, they are all easy to implement. If you follow them, you can get an excellent harvest.

Here are some helpful tips for productive outdoor pepper cultivation:

• To attract insects during the flowering of the plant, it can be sprayed with sweetened water.
• Pepper pollinates easily. Therefore, you should not plant different varieties of it close to each other.
• The site, which is planned to be given under the pepper, is carefully selected. In order to avoid plant diseases and for a good harvest, in no case should representatives of table root crops, pumpkin and legumes be the precursors of pepper.
• Be sure to harden the plant for their best acclimatization. To do this, 10 days before planting in open ground, it is necessary to take the seedlings to fresh air. Starting from 10-15 minutes, you need to gradually increase the residence time of the plants.
• If frost strikes unexpectedly, pepper plants can be saved. To do this, you need to water the soil well. Or insulate the plants with film, paper, lutrasil. You can put plastic bottles with a cut off bottom on the bushes.

Over time, each summer resident gains his own experience. This helps him expend less energy to get good results.

Growing pepper in a greenhouse in the country - video

Growing bell peppers in open ground is possible not only in regions with a warm climate. Therefore, in the garden of many vegetable growers you can find beds with this cultivated plant. In order for each bush to have a strong stem and strong roots, and the fruits begin to form in a timely manner, it is necessary to plant ready-made seedlings grown at home.

How to plant peppers in open ground, seedlings or seeds, everyone's choice. But more likely to get a good result in the first case. Seeds are independently germinated at home in compliance with several rules.

The cultivation of sweet pepper in the open field begins three months after sowing the seeds. Therefore, it is necessary to plant grains in early February. For the rapid emergence of healthy sprouts, the seeds must be subjected to various manipulations.

For sweet pepper care begins with the seeds. The preparatory stage in the technology of growing pepper in the open field is based on the processing of seeds. To remove fungal and bacterial infection from the seed coat, a disinfection procedure is carried out. A weak solution of potassium permanganate is useful.

It is enough to add 1 g of the substance to the water, the solution should be of a faint pink hue. The exposure time of the grains in such a solution should be about 25 minutes.

After disinfection, it is recommended to carry out care by hardening the seeds. How to carry out the procedure correctly? For this purpose, the seeds are alternately placed in a cold and warm place for three days. Hardening will allow the bushes to withstand adverse weather conditions in the future.

In order for seedlings to grow faster, and in the future to enjoy a quality harvest, it is recommended not to skip the soaking procedure. For this purpose, you can buy special preparations or make your own from natural ingredients. You can use a recipe based on wood ash or aloe juice. Aloe juice will further increase resistance to various diseases. A cloth bag with pepper seeds is placed in the juice of two fleshy leaves.

Planting seeds

It turns out to grow pepper faster if the seeds are wrapped in a damp cloth and removed in a warm place. After two days, the seeds can already be sown in a prepared container with soil. The distance between the holes should be at least 1.5 cm. One seed should be placed in each recess. The container is covered with polyethylene film or glass. As soon as most of the seedlings appear, the seedlings are opened.

Soil for peppers should be light. You can mix black soil, humus and sand on your own. useful to add charcoal. The soil with seedlings is watered with water, which has been settled for at least a day.

Seedlings should be protected from drafts and provide sufficient access to light. Be sure to apply mineral or organic fertilizers. The first time the seedlings are fed as soon as the first leaves bloom. The last top dressing is carried out two weeks before transplanting into an open area.

Peppers are very difficult to transplant, so many experienced gardeners omit the picking step (pinching out long roots). But if the planting of pepper seedlings is accompanied by a correct and careful picking, then the root system will be branched and strong. In one of the experiments, the positive result of this procedure is described: “I have been growing peppers for more than a year. The picking procedure greatly increases the strength of each bush and allows seedlings to quickly adapt to a new place.

If it is decided to plant pepper seeds in open ground, then sowing begins three weeks earlier than seedlings. It is recommended to put 4-5 grains in holes about 4 cm deep. The method of heap arrangement of seeds allows to facilitate the process of seedling development. More attention should be paid to sowing seeds.

Features of landing under the open sky

There are many secrets on how to grow a good crop of peppers in the open field.

How to plant sweet peppers in open ground with seedlings? Before planting pepper seedlings in open ground, you need to choose a place and prepare the beds. Planting bell pepper should be carried out in a place where there will be no piercing wind. In autumn, a suitable piece of land is dug up and fertilized. Planting pepper and care in the open field is not complete without feeding from potash and phosphorus substances.

Also, sweet peppers in the open field do not tolerate too hot air and direct sunlight. You need to take care of the shading of the beds in hot weather.

In the spring, it is necessary to loosen the earth again, with the introduction of ammonium nitrate. The scheme of planting pepper can be varied, but the variety is always taken into account. At what distance from each other is it recommended to plant seedlings in the ground? The holes are dug at a distance of 35 cm. The distance between the rows should be approximately 45 cm. If two pieces are planted in the hole, then the distance should be increased to 60 cm.

A well-known and often used square-nested planting method. The hole should have equal sides, at least 60 cm. Pepper can be planted in each recess with two bushes. How to plant a plant if three pieces are placed in the nest? In this case, the dimensions of the sides should be equal to 70 cm. You can see more about this planting method in the video.

Planting pepper in the ground occurs at the end of spring. If the weather has not settled, then the landing of pepper is postponed to the beginning of June. It is better to plant pepper in the ground in the evening or on cloudy days.

The seedlings are carefully watered and carefully removed one bush from the container along with an earthen clod, which is wrapped around the roots. What fertilizer to apply when planting pepper? When planting, it is useful to add a composition with humus and nitrophoska to the hole when planting. The plant is placed as deep as the first pair of leaves.

Useful layer

A valuable step in care is the mulching of peppers. The features of cultivation are in covering the soil with an organic or inorganic layer, which is called mulch. Mulching the ground is necessary to reduce weeds, retain moisture, protect against heat and cold. In the soil, which is covered with mulch, useful flora spreads, and it becomes fertile.

You can mulch the area where the pepper will be planted with the following substances.

• The organic layer of straw is able to quickly cool the ground, reduces the number of weeds, and allows you to get a good harvest. The depth of the mulch layer is at least 10 cm.
• For growing sweet peppers, humus and compost are useful and nutritious mulches. They contain beneficial microorganisms that fight pathogens. Pepper grows better, the fruits ripen faster and become juicy.
• Mulch the ground with chopped grass. Any herb can be used. Planting sweet pepper in such a place will only benefit. The layer retains moisture well, promotes the rapid development of the plant and the formation of fruits. The thickness of the mulch should be at least 30 cm.
• Seedlings can be planted using inorganic mulch. It includes black film. The soil under the black film retains moisture well and protects against weeds. Many experienced vegetable growers plant peppers precisely under the film, as the need for constant watering and weeding of the beds is lost.

On the Internet pages you can find detailed information about each type of mulch, as well as watch a video.

In addition to benefits, mulching can lead to problems. Most often this occurs when establishing a thick layer of mulch. Stagnation of moisture in the soil can lead to root rot. Periodically, the old layer should be replaced with a new one.

To avoid mistakes, each type of mulch should be laid in such a thickness that is recommended by agronomists. The layer is laid on well-warmed, dry ground. Every spring, the old layer of mulch should be removed.

caring attitude

The first days after transplantation, the growth of pepper slows down, the leaves are sluggish and drooping. After a few days, when the bushes take root, a strong stem will begin to develop. Outdoor pepper care is accompanied by regular watering, soil fertilization and weed control.

Growing and caring for outdoor pepper should be accompanied by proper, regular watering. The first watering is carried out at the time of disembarkation, and then after 5 days. If the weather does not indulge in rain, then watering until the first fruits appear is recommended every week. During rapid fruiting, watering is reduced. As soon as the first crop is harvested, and new flowers appear on the plants, the previous watering regime is resumed.

As soon as the height of the plant reaches 35 cm, pinch the top. Thanks to this, new side branches will go. In order for the flowering to be plentiful and many ovaries to form, the flower that is in the center is removed.

Throughout the time when bell pepper grows, you need to pick off excess leaves and twigs. This provides better access of sunlight and air to the stem.

Pepper loves soft, well-loosened soil. Therefore, a hard crust should not be allowed. During loosening, the soil is enriched with oxygen, the plant grows faster, and the activity of beneficial bacteria improves. At the same time, weed control is underway. The first loosening should be carried out no deeper than 6 cm. In the future, it is useful to loosen the soil after each watering or rain.

Since peppers are heat-loving plants, they can hardly endure adverse weather surprises. You can protect peppers from frost as follows. Shelters are built from cardboard, warm fabric over the beds. If the cold nights go on long time, it is better to cover with a film.

Additional nutritional ingredients

Pepper Bulgarian cultivation does not do without the introduction of nutrients. The frequency of fertilizer application should be once every 12-14 days. Fertilize the plant at least three times. Especially acutely pepper needs nourishment during flowering and fruit formation.

The first feeding with nutrients occurs 14 days after disembarkation. During this time, the peppers will take root and get used to the new place. The best formulations at this stage are those that contain mullein. Water is added to the manure in a ratio of 1:5, insisted and stirred with water 1:2 before watering.

When flowers appear, you can use the following recipe based on herbal infusion and mullein. Nettle, plantain and dandelion leaves are poured with water, mullein is added and infused for a week. Apply the finished solution to the root of each bush. You can repeat watering every 2 weeks. The nutrients obtained during this feeding contribute to the activation of growth and better education fruits.

To attract pollinating insects during the flowering period, you can use a solution with sugar. Dissolve sugar in water and boric acid. The resulting composition is sprayed with bushes. As a result, ovaries form faster.

During the formation of the fruit, you can take care of it with a fertilizer based on chicken manure and nitroammophoska. The components are mixed and left to infuse for the whole week. Fertilizer is transferred to the bed between rows.

Bell peppers can be cared for with nettle infusion. An infusion of nettle alone stimulates the growth and development of pepper. Young nettles are best suited for infusion. It contains magnesium, iron, potassium and other essential micronutrients. The stems are crushed and infused in a barrel of water, covered with a lid for two days. Before feeding, the solution is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10.

Before applying organic or mineral fertilizing, the beds should be watered with plain water. Such care will allow the nutrients to be evenly distributed and avoid burns to the root system.

Agrotechnics of growing pepper does not allow the use of fresh manure as a fertilizer. Manure contains a lot of nitrogen, so the risk of an overabundance of this element increases. The stem, leaves begin to gain mass and strength, and fruiting stops.

The occurrence of problems

If it was noticed that the leaves change shape, color, the stems look lethargic, or other signs appear, often the cause is a lack of mineral components:

• with a lack of potassium, the leaves curl, and their tips dry and turn yellow;
• it is time to apply nitrogen fertilizers when the leaves have lost their rich green color and become gray;
• if the leaves are pressed against the stem and have acquired a bluish tint, then there is not enough phosphorus;
• white spots indicate magnesium deficiency;
• leaves and ovaries fall off with an excess of nitrogen.

For the cultivation of sweet pepper, you need to create conditions. At improper care he is subject to the development of various diseases. The most common disease is the black leg, which develops in too wet soil. You can notice the problem by the dark part of the stem with a coating that runs near the ground. If you do not take action, then all the roots succumb to decay and the plant dies.

To reduce the risk of developing a black leg, seeds are planted only in cultivated soil; only strong, healthy seedlings are transplanted into open ground. The distance between the bushes must be large, this will reduce the spread of the disease. In addition, closely planted bushes will not pass air and light well.

Phytophthora is a fungal infection that affects the green part of the plant. You can find out by the appearance brown spots on stem and leaves. To avoid this disease, care must begin with seeds. Before planting, they are soaked in potassium permanganate, foliar spraying of seedlings in open ground is carried out with protective solutions. You should also avoid the neighborhood of pepper with tomatoes and potatoes.

Another common fungal disease is white rot. The lower part of the stem is covered with a whitish bloom, while the inner part of the stem turns black. As a result, the stem loses strength and the plant dies. To avoid the problem, pepper seedlings are transplanted into the ground well warmed by the sun. Do not forget to remove sluggish leaves in time and water the bushes only with warm water. At an early stage of the onset of the disease, you can try to get rid of it with a solution of wood ash.