Red spots on peach leaves what to do. Growing peach - advice from experienced gardeners. Processing with Bordeaux mixture

There are several peach trees growing in the dacha. This year, the leaves on them turned yellow, reddened and curled, is this a peach curl disease, as I understand it? I bought a dacha recently, I have no experience in caring for trees, tell me what to do now.

The answer to the question.

Hello Tagir. Judging by the photo, this is really peach curl. This disease is caused by the fungus Taphrin deformans (Taphrina deformans). With the spread of the bagospores of the pathogen, the leaves and shoots of the peach become red or yellow, swellings appear on them, the leaf curls and takes on bizarre shapes.

In addition, a sticky whitish or gray coating can be found on the leaves (top and bottom) - this is the sporulation of the fungus. Spores begin to scatter in mid-May, especially strong sporulation is observed in cool and rainy weather. At this time, peach buds are laid, from which shoots develop in summer. Accordingly, these shoots are also affected, and this can lead to a complete loss of the crop or even the complete death of the peach.

If you find leaf curl on a peach, pluck off the curled red leaves immediately and burn them (do not bury them in compost heap). Next, the tree should be treated with Bordeaux liquid (substitutes - copper oxychloride, copper sulfate, Kuprosil, Kuprostat) or another suitable fungicide preparation (Horus, Skor, Strobi).

It should be noted that a peach affected by curly hair can become easy prey for pests, for example, for aphids. In this case, it is possible to combine fungicide treatment with insecticide treatment (Aktellik, Aktara, Bi-58 New).

It is best to carry out preventive treatments for peach against curl in the future. After all, it is easier to prevent a disease than to cure it. Peach curl spores overwinter in flower and vegetative buds. And in the spring, during their blooming, they begin to spread again.

Therefore, it is very effective against leaf curl to carry out three-time spraying of trees with fungicides. We carry out the first spraying in the fall - during the period of leaf fall. At the same time, all fallen leaves are collected and burned. In February, at a temperature of + 4 ° C (not lower), we once again process peach trees with Bordeaux liquid. And, finally, one more treatment will not be superfluous immediately after flowering.

The peach is a delicacy fruit, but first you need to work hard to get it. good harvest. Peach diseases and pests keep the gardener in suspense throughout the growing season. Peaches grown far from their native countries with a warm climate are prone to many diseases. Let's talk about the most common tree ailments and about protection measures.

What diseases affect peach

All fruit crops are affected by one complex of diseases, but each species is predisposed to some of them. And just like the plum with moniliosis, the peach is affected by curliness, more often than other diseases.

Other expected peach diseases:

• fruit rot;
• powdery mildew;
• clasterosporiosis;
• moniliosis.

The complex of year-round is aimed at the prevention of diseases, the destruction of pests and the increase in tree productivity. If you maintain the agronomic calendar, you can prevent an outbreak of the disease even in an unfavorable summer. Look at the photo: peach diseases and their treatment require strong drugs and protective clothing for the worker.

Klyasterosporiosis or leaf perforation refers to fungal diseases. At the moment of the beginning of development, as if punctures are formed on the leaves, then purple spots appear, the tissue in the circle disappears and a perforated leaf is obtained. At the same time, spores spread to the entire ground part of the plant. Sometimes the same signs on the leaves give an overdose of copper-containing fungicides. If it is peach fungus disease, it will progress rapidly.

When the disease appeared folk remedies she can't be defeated. It is necessary to apply fungicides, such as Skor, Crystalon or Delan, in a double dose, if guided by the instructions.

can spoil the development of peach on the Black and Sea of ​​Azov. For the middle zone, this disease is characteristic of melons and gourds. berry crops. At first, the leaves of the tree stand as if sprinkled with flour. Later, the leaf is deformed, the shoots become thinner. The taste of the fruit changes. Fighting powdery mildew goes with the help of Topaz, fresh mullein mash, cutting of infected shoots. Colloidal sulfur is effective against powdery mildew.

Compliance with growing technology, prevention of peach diseases and the fight against them, as in the photo, will keep the garden healthy.

Leaf curl disease is the most dangerous

Overwintered spores of the fungus germinate into shoots and leaves. in early spring, having overwintered on the plant remains of the previous year. The causative agent of leaf curl disease is introduced into the leaf. The first sign is the formation of red bubbles on the leaf blade. But if the leaves have already hung on the tree for 2 weeks, the disease is powerless.

The fungus is introduced into the plate 5-8 days old. The leaves are destroyed, and together with mature spores fall to the ground. Young branches of fresh or annual growth and their wood are damaged. The buds of this year are deformed, there will be no harvest next season.

How to treat peach leaf curl disease? Immediately! As soon as they saw the first signs - young leaves, still green, began to swell, it is immediately necessary to apply copper-containing fungicides at the recommended dose. In this case, it is necessary to immediately start sanitary pruning, scrap, pinching sheets until the disease has captured the entire crown.

Experts and practitioners say that among peach varieties, some are more resistant to leaf curl:

• Redhaveng;
• In memory of Rodionov;
• Bagrinovsky;
• Morettini;
• Simferopol early.

How can you deal with peach leaf curl with folk remedies? In the eradication of the disease, the main thing is speed. There are not many effective drugs. If the disease was detected at the beginning, you need to manually remove the leaves, cut off the branches on which they were attached, and be sure to burn.

Pollinate the tree with a mixture of sulfur powder and fluffy lime, spray with 1% colloidal sulfur, but only on a hot day so that the temperature is above 25 degrees. You can use Biostat. For the second treatment, prepare a 3-day infusion of tobacco dust. Can be sprayed with a mixture of slaked lime and clay slurry, applying it to the leaves after each rain wash or shedding. Practitioners warn that if fresh galls appear, you need to switch to fungicides.

Preventive methods of dealing with peach curl begin in the fall. It is during this period that it is necessary to clean the garden from winter tenants. As soon as the air temperature has dropped to 10-5 degrees, it is time for prevention:

1. Inspection and sanitization of the trunk, broken branches.
2. Free the trunk circle from all residues, burn leaves and branches, loosen the soil or lay fresh manure over the entire area, without digging, let there be a crust. This is a 3 year feed.
3. In the spring, treat the buds with a copper fungicide, and then prune. After treatment with Topsin M, but before the leaves appear.

Spray young leaves with Champion. In the future, if swelling appears, 10% mullein infusion will cope with them. A neglected garden will be free from diseases within 2-3 years.

This is the answer to the question of how to treat a peach from leaf curl. The scheme is applied in private gardens in Ukraine. System processing allow you to get rid of the main fungal diseases even in warm rainy years.

The basic principles of disease control lie in the ability to grow a healthy strong tree. Then it itself will resist diseases and pests. To do this, you need to find a light slope, with a barrier from the northern faith. Peach does not tolerate any shading. He loves fertile soil regular watering and deep standing ground water. If there is growth in winter, the tree will wake up. The roots will withstand the winter cold of +25 degrees for 3-4 days, and 35-38 degrees for several hours. Whitewashing trunks and manure in trunk circle help reduce the risk of frostbite.

Selection of drugs against peach curl - video

12.03.2016 62 333

Peach leaf curl - control measures

Peaches are a delicacy fruit. They are used fresh and canned. Peach pits are rich in fatty oils, which allows them to be used in medicine and cosmetology. But, first you need to plant and grow a healthy tree. Peaches, like other fruits, suffer from various diseases. About them and much more will be discussed in this article.

The homeland of the peach tree is China. Only in the first year of our era did this fruit become familiar in Persia, Greece, and Rome. People appreciated the useful and gustatory qualities of the fruit. The peach soon spread throughout Europe and other countries where there is a warm climate. This became possible also because the tree is unpretentious.

Peach belongs to the Rosaceae family. The height of the tree reaches seven meters. Leaves sessile, lanceolate with serrated margin. They appear later than delicate flowers. The fruit is sweet and fragrant. Weighs one hundred and sixty grams or more. The peach has an oval or rounded shape. The skin is soft, velvety. The stone is wrinkled, with grooves and dimples.

There are pubescent fruits and non-pubescent, which are called nectarines. During flowering, this fruit crop is similar to steppe almonds. A hundred days is enough for peaches to fully ripen. Overripe fruits lose acid, their taste deteriorates.

Growing peach from seed

This is quite possible if you follow a certain technology and follow a simple instruction:

• To grow a peach from a stone, it is recommended to take a crop variety that grows in the area and is well adapted to its climate.
• You need to know which tree the fruit is from: own-rooted or grafted. It is very important. The fact is that the peculiarity of the variety of the fruit of a rooted tree can be traced by 70-80%, and from a peach grown on a grafted tree, most likely, planting material will be empty.
• Before planting, for about seven days, the peach pit is soaked in water, which is changed daily.
• On the day of planting, the seed is pierced with a hammer, but in such a way as not to damage the seed.
• Planting material is laid in the ground to a depth of 8 cm, watered and sprinkled on top.
it is preferable to start growing in the fall, so the seed will stratify naturally.

Now it remains to wait. The earth should always be moist and loose. After the root sprouts, the stem will quickly grow. Per summer period it will grow up to one and a half meters, the crown will begin to grow noticeably, which should be formed in the same year.

How to choose the right seedlings?

Before you wonder how to grow a peach, you should purchase healthy seedlings. To do this, you need to pay attention to the following points:

• In what area is the seedling grown? If not in the one where it is sold, then whether it has been adapted to the new climate.
• At the place of fusion of the stock and scion, the surface should be even, without sags, and dry. Juice should not flow.
• The health of the root system is assessed by the state of the layer of wood after breaking off a small piece of bark. If it is green, then the root is not damaged, such a plant will quickly take root.

• How to grow a healthy peach? One of the components of the answer to this question is the age of the seedling. Annual plants will take root better and get stronger faster.

The choice of place of growth

How to plant a peach What is needed for this? First of all, you need to choose a place to land. It should be dry and high. Peach does not tolerate swampy and damp areas. In principle, any soil with good moisture and air exchange suits him. It could be loam.

It is recommended to plant the crop in lighted and protected from the wind places. Perfect for this South side site. Tall shrubs and trees should not shade the seedling. This should be followed up. The fact is that wood does not ripen on young shoots grown in the shade. This negatively affects the laying of flower buds.

Landing

A piece of land must be dug up a year before planting a peach in the ground, after adding manure, wood ash, potassium and superphosphate. During digging, the soil is cleared of weeds and it is saturated with oxygen. And yet, how to plant a peach?

First, on the site prepared in the fall, rows for future trees are determined. They are located from south to north on a flat area, and on a slope - across it. In each row, at a distance of 3-4 meters from each other, holes are dug 50 cm deep. The diameter should be such that the root is conveniently located. The seedling is placed in a hole with drainage at the bottom and sprinkled with earth mixed with manure and ash. Then it is carefully watered, the earth around the trunk is trampled down and mulched with manure. The plant is best planted in the spring, until the first buds have blossomed. So it will take root better, successfully winter, and many peach diseases will bypass it.

leaf curl

The causative agent of this disease is a fungus. It spreads along shoots and leaves with the onset of summer. Due to this peach disease, the leaf stalk decreases, the internode converges, which shortens the shoots. The leaves begin to curl, thicken and crumble easily. Flowers become pale green. With a wide spread of the disease, all leaves fall off. After some time, the leaves grow again, but the fruits will be of lower quality, as the tree is weakened.

To prevent such a disease of peach leaves as curl, it is necessary to cut and burn the affected shoots and diseased leaves. In autumn, when leaf fall begins, damaged trees should be sprayed with a 3% solution of Bordeaux mixture. And in the spring, with swelling of the kidneys, copper sulfate (1% solution) is used. Spraying is carried out twice, with an interval of five days. But most in an efficient way To prevent this peach disease is the cultivation of crop varieties that are excellently resistant to the disease: Earlired, Stark Redgold, Nectared-2.

What is wrong with peach?

• Clasterosporiasis is a fungal disease that affects all plant organs: shoots and fruits, leaves, stems and trunks. This fungus is characterized by formations that look like punctures. Over time, dark purple spots appear, the tissue dies, holes of impressive size form. This disease is called perforated spotting. This fungus damages all species of cultivated trees with stone fruits. Perforation on a peach can appear not only as a result of a fungal infection, but also as a result of the plant's reaction to copper-containing preparations. At high humidity air, peach diseases spread very quickly. And the fight against them is the most effective ways. Fungicides are widely used: "Skor", "Strobi", "Delan", "Kristalon". The first procedure is carried out before bud break. For this, a double dose of "Skor" is taken - 2 grams - and one teaspoon of "Kristalon". Five days later, the treatment of trees is repeated, but with the use of other preparations: Delana and Kristalona, ​​one teaspoon each, and Skora, two grams.

• Powdery mildew is also a fungus that manifests itself in certain areas of peach growth: in the foothills, on the Black Sea coast and near the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov. This disease affects leaves, fruits and shoots. A whitish-gray coating forms on them, which leads to deformation of the leaves and depletion of the shoots, which begin to slow down growth and become thinner. The taste of the fruit deteriorates. Reduce the frost resistance of peach disease trees. And the fight against them is merciless. The main method is cutting and burning diseased shoots. This work should be carried out during the growing season, as soon as signs of powdery mildew become noticeable. For the treatment of trees, colloidal sulfur (0.5-1% solution) is used. The procedure can be repeated up to four times per season. Remember, on young trees (5-6 years old), a highly concentrated solution can cause a burn. Therefore, a 0.5% solution of this drug should be used for their treatment.

How to protect a peach tree from diseases?

• Regularly prune and burn affected shoots and branches.
• Spray trees in early spring blue vitriol and Horus.
• At the end of flowering, treat the plants with Bordeaux liquid or Skor.
• During the growing season, it is recommended to collect the affected foliage, re-cut the shoots on which signs of curliness have appeared, and burn it all.

Peaches and nectarines are rare guests in Russian gardens. These trees have gained great popularity in the southern regions, because it is there that the most suitable conditions for them reign. However, at present, varieties of peaches and nectarines have appeared, successfully growing and fruiting in the Non-Black Earth Region and middle lane. Regardless of where these stone fruits grow, both nectarine and peach are attacked by pests and diseases. If the tree does not bloom, spots appear on its leaves and fruits, or the skeleton of the plant is completely bare, it makes sense to think that it is seriously ill. With any type of infection, it is important to react in time - to determine the type of disease or pest and start fighting them with suitable methods and means.

Pests of peaches and nectarines

Peaches, along with nectarines, are affected by several types of pests. They love to eat various parts of this culture are leaf-eating, sucking and other types of insects, but record for distribution in peach orchards killed the following pests:

• peach aphid;
• scale insects;
• mining moth;
• plum codling moth;
• oriental codling moth.

Each of these pests can cause serious damage to trees, slowing down their growth and development, as well as weakening the tree's immunity. Often, with a high density of infection by them, it is difficult to save trees from frost and disease. This is why it is important to find these insects in the crown in time and carry out regular pest control in the spring and throughout the growing season.

Peach leaf curl: control methods (video)

Signs of the presence of pests

It will be very easy to detect pests even for an inexperienced gardener. Firstly, even with their microscopic size, traces of their activity are clearly visible: the leaves curl or become covered with holes, plaque appears on the branches, the ovaries dry or grow severely deformed. In a word, each pest leaves unique traces, which can be found in the table.

How to deal with pests on peach and nectarine

Pest detection is the first step to saving your garden. important in short time after that start fighting them. Most effective methods at the same time, agrotechnical measures and tree processing are considered by special means. To the first group protective measures relate:

• digging the soil in the garden in spring and autumn - helps to get rid of mining moths and aphids wintering in the upper soil layer;
• removal of leaf litter in the fall - helps to eliminate codling moths and mining moths that have settled down for the winter;
• cleaning the bark in the fall - helps to eliminate pupated codling moths, scale insects and other pests that have chosen a trunk for wintering;
• pruning shoots and branches in spring and summer - helps to reduce the number of all pests with too much damage to plants;
• spraying the trunk and skeletal branches in autumn with milk of lime, which, by the way, helps save the trunk from frost;
• installation of trapping belts on the trunk for the destruction of codling moth caterpillars in the summer.

For pest control chemicals there are many options, however, for each type of insect, it is recommended to use insecticides appropriate for their family affiliation:

• DNOC 40% - from peach aphid, scale insects and ticks;
• Bi-58 (48%) - from scale insects, aphids and mites after flowering;
• Decis (2.5%) - from codling moths during the growing season;
• Mitak (20%) - from aphids and scale insects during the growing season;
• Zolon (35%) - from codling moths, double treatment with an interval of 1 week after flowering.

Also, to protect the garden from pests, you can settle their natural enemies in it, and when trees are infected with codling moths, use traps with pheromones.

Diseases of peaches and nectarines

Peaches and nectarines are not among the hardy or disease resistant crops, however, some diseases can significantly affect the yield and general condition of the trees. They can be affected by the same diseases as other fruit crops, however The most common infections are:

• Moniliosis;
• Powdery mildew;
• Clasterosporiosis;
• Curly virus.

These peach diseases have well-defined symptoms. If the gardener regularly cares for peaches and nectarines, it will not be difficult for him to detect signs of tree damage. It is very important immediately after the “diagnosis” to start treating your garden, because many stone fruit infections can easily pass to healthy specimens.

It is also important to pay attention to agrotechnical measures: timely pruning damaged shoots and thinning ovaries. You also need to fight insect pests, which are often carriers of infections.