Insecticides for the garden against caterpillars. A selection of the best tools for processing fruit trees. Systemic insecticides against thrips, caterpillars, bedbugs

The fight against harmful insects is an important component of the comprehensive care of ornamental, horticultural and agricultural crops. The most effective means for the destruction of pests are insecticides.

There are a large number of drugs depending on the method of application, composition and active substance. In the article we will consider everything about the use of insecticides for the garden.

Insecticides (translated from Latin means "I kill insects") - this is a large group of drugs for the destruction of pests. For their manufacture, both chemical and biological substances are used. They act differently on insects, may have a limited or wide spectrum of action.

Depending on the composition, insecticides have 1-4 toxicity classes, so certain safety measures should be applied when using them.

What is it used for?

Such preparations are actively used for preventive and active pest control in the cultivation of most types of crops, ornamental plants. They are of great importance for agriculture.

Before using an insecticide, you need to carefully select the appropriate preparation, taking into account the type of insect, the concentration of the active substance and the area of \u200b\u200bapplication.

Varieties of drugs

To date, developed great amount insecticides. They are divided depending on the method of action on a harmful insect, according to composition. Also, there are several groups of specialized tools aimed at the prevention and destruction of specific types of pests. Consider the main types of funds.

Systemic or intraplant

The drug is absorbed along with water by the roots and leaves, and then moves along it. vascular system plants. As a result, it becomes poisonous to insects.

The main advantages of such funds are the duration of action, as well as the ability to be used as a prophylaxis, in any weather conditions. There is also a drawback - the impact on the pest occurs gradually, the reaction does not occur immediately.

The most effective systemic insecticides are made on the basis of imidacloprid, organophosphate poisons. List of systemic drugs:

Aktara. It has a wide spectrum of action, is ineffective against ticks and whiteflies. It has an intestinal-contact effect on pests. Available in the form of granules or suspensions.
Confidelin. Available in the form of a water-soluble suspension. It is used to fight and prevent insects and their larvae that eat the green parts of the plant. The active substance is imidacloprid.
Bazudin. Effective remedy for the destruction of soil pests, decorative and garden plants. The active substance is diazinon.

Intestinal

Preparations of this group enter the body of the insect along with the eaten green parts, plant sap. They are used against pests with chewing or sucking mouthparts, most effective against various caterpillars, larvae and beetles.

They can also be used for preventive treatment. The result of the use of intestinal insecticides is highly dependent on weather conditions. Uniform processing is extremely important, since such preparations are not distributed in plant tissues.

Popular drugs:

Chlorophos. Phosphorus organic agent with a specific odor. Usually used for processing fruit trees. The drug is effective against sawflies, caterpillars, codling moths and butterflies.
wolaton. The active substance is phoxim. It has a wide spectrum of action against biting and sucking insects. The duration of the effect after treatment is only 5 days.
Fozalon. A highly toxic drug with a long-term effect. It is used to destroy biting, sucking insects, it is ineffective against sawflies. After the agent enters the body of the pest, death occurs within 48 hours.

When working with intestinal insecticides, it is always important to take precautions, since some agents are toxic to humans and pets.

Contact

They enter the body of an insect through the skin, the action occurs through direct contact with the body of the pest. Careful processing of the entire landing area is required.

The result is highly dependent on weather conditions and compliance with the insecticide application technique. Some products are suitable for prevention against infection, but are partially washed off after precipitation, watering. As a rule, these are toxic organophosphorus compounds.

Common drugs:

Inta-vir. Refers to insecticides of intestinal-contact action. Effective against various pests indoor and garden plants. Destroys up to 52 varieties of insects. It has a wide spectrum of action, is available in the form of tablets or water-soluble powder.
citkor. A tool for the fight against many types of pests of agricultural crops. Especially effective against the Colorado potato beetle, whiteflies and aphids. It has a long period of protective action, after treatment, the effect lasts up to 30 days. Non-toxic, has a stable contact-intestinal effect on pests.
Actellik. It is a popular intestinal-contact insecticide. Effective against most types of harmful insects, ticks. Refers to organophosphorus drugs. Possesses the long period of protective action, is economic in use.

Such means are most often used to combat garden and ornamental pests. They have low toxicity, do not harm the health of plants, do not affect the taste characteristics of the crop.

Respiratory (fumigants)

Current toxic substance enters the body of an insect in the process of respiration. The drug is used in gaseous or vapor form. Fumigants are not suitable for prevention, but are extremely effective for treating plants during a severe infection.

Often used to work with large areas of agricultural plantings, as well as for processing crops during storage.

Popular means:

Magtoxin. Preparation for the treatment of stock pests, their larvae. It also actively fights ticks and moths. The active substance is magnesium phosphide, available in the form of tablets. The agent is able to penetrate even through the packaging material.
Phostoxin. A product based on aluminum phosphide, used for processing granaries, warehouses for storing crops. It acts on all harmful insects, partially affects rodents. May penetrate packaging.

Fumigants are best used to treat warehouses and containers with crops that have been infested with pests. After use, the active substance may remain in the form of a precipitate on fruits and vegetables, so they must be thoroughly washed before use.

Bacterial insecticides

Apart from chemicals Biological insecticides are used to control and prevent pest infestation. These are ecological products created on the basis of strains of bacteria or viruses.

After processing, they have a delayed inhibitory effect on harmful insects. They are non-toxic, safe for humans and do not affect plant health.

Common means:

Iskra-Bio. Contributes to the destruction of many varieties of pests, mites. It works especially effectively in hot weather, due to the safe composition, processing is possible several days before harvesting. It is used for vegetable and berry crops.
Fitoverm. Biological insecticide designed to control most types of pests. It has an effect on sawflies and ticks. The drug can be combined with other types of insecticides, growth regulators. Processing during the flowering period is not recommended.
tobacco dust. A popular biological group insecticide used to control and prevent infestation by harmful insects. It is applied to work with fruit, berry and flower crops. It is used as an infusion, decoction or for pollination of plants.

Biologically, insecticides have a slow effect, therefore, with a strong infection, it is recommended to use chemical preparations. The main advantage of such products is environmental friendliness and complete safety for humans and plants.

Acaricides

These are specialized preparations aimed at the prevention and destruction of plant mites.

Depending on the method of application, two groups of such funds are distinguished:

Specialized. Destroy only ticks, practically do not affect other insects. Most known remedies this group - Apollo, Omite, Nissoran.
Insectoacaricides. Chemicals designed to kill ticks and other insects. It is used more often than specialized drugs. famous brands- Actellik, Vertimek.

The use of acaricides is necessary when plants are heavily infested with mites, which are always difficult to get rid of. They can be used both for horticultural and agricultural crops, and for indoor potted plants.

General application rules

Before starting work, you need to carefully study the annotation for the drug, which always indicates the exact dosage and method of processing.

Depending on the type of insecticide, the following types of work are used:

spraying green parts with an aqueous solution;
fumigation - treatment of planting, harvest with steam or gas;
dusting - scattering powder in dry form on plants;
the introduction of an insecticide in the form of powder or granules into the soil during loosening, digging.

When working with water-soluble preparations, the dilution of the agent is carried out in stages. First, the insecticide must be dissolved in 1/3 of the required volume of water to obtain a concentrated mixture. Only then you need to add more liquid and mix everything thoroughly.

Processing should be carried out immediately after preparation, since then the drug begins to actively lose its properties, it becomes ineffective. When working with toxic insecticides, be sure to use products personal protection.

The best insecticides

The choice of a particular drug for treatment depends on many factors. These are climate features, plant species, a variety of harmful insects and the vegetation stage.

The most popular among gardeners are the following drugs:

Spark. The active substance is cypermethrin. Produced in the form of powder for aqueous emulsion, tablets. The treatment is carried out by spraying. Fights many types of pests, especially effective against the Colorado potato beetle, aphids, moths and leafworms. The protective effect is preserved for a long time, it is economical to use.
Commander. It is used against whiteflies, aphids and thrips. The insecticide has an effect on the Colorado potato beetle, some types of sawfly. The treatment is carried out by spraying. The active substance is imadocloprid, available in the form of water-soluble crystals.
Medvetoks. The best drug against infection with a bear, ants and wireworm. The drug is applied to the soil at the rate of 3 g per 1 m 2, the duration of action is up to 20 days. The active substance is diazinon.
Bankol. Enteric-contact insecticide, effective against most sucking and chewing harmful insects. Acts on nervous system pests, death occurs after 1-3 days from the moment of use. It has low toxicity.
Akarin (Agravertin). Biological insectoacrycide of intestinal-contact action. Used to protect flowers and vegetable crops. It has moderate toxicity, is dangerous for bees. Validity period - 4-16 hours depending on weather conditions.

In addition, from the above-described means for the prevention and control of pests in agriculture and horticulture, the following insecticides are often used: Aktellik, Fitoverm, tobacco dust and Aktara.

Precautionary measures

When working with any insecticide, simple precautions should be observed, since some agents are toxic to humans and pets.

Basic rules for working with chemicals:

use personal protective equipment at any stage of work. These are goggles, gloves and a respirator;
do not allow the product to come into contact with eyes, skin and mucous membranes. In case of contact, rinse the affected area thoroughly large quantity water;
after work, you need to wash your hands, as well as take a shower and wash clothes;
storage of diluted insecticides is not allowed, the opened package with the drug must be carefully packed and put away in a place that is safe from children and animals.

If during operation the product enters the esophagus, eyes or respiratory tract, resulting in severe irritation and other symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Today there are dozens of insecticides varying degrees activity. They are divided depending on the method and scope, the effect on insects. It is important to bear in mind that pests often develop addiction to the active ingredient, so the same drug cannot be used for a long time.

Garden processing in spring

Stages of processing fruit trees from pests and insects

Chemical spraying is considered the most effective preventive measure, and is carried out in several stages:

The first stage - after the snow melts, before bud break (early spring spraying). Usually it is the end of March, with temperatures ranging from above 5 degrees Celsius.

During this period, tree trunks are carefully examined for the presence of insect clutches, old and exfoliated bark is removed, after which they are treated with lime-containing products. In early spring a diesel fuel treatment method is used - after spraying, it creates an oily film, under which pupae and insect eggs die within a few hours.

It is also necessary to carry out preventive treatment with insecticides (Aktara, Alatar) with the addition of fungicides (Agrolekar, Bronex, Bordeaux mixture).

The second - from mid-April, after the first leaves bloom (green cone phase).

Before flowering, it is necessary to complete the second stage of processing from the codling moth. Organophosphorus agents are used, such as: Azamthiophos, Glyphosphate. As well as biological active substances of Bacillus subtilis: strain 26 D, M-22 VIZR, IPM 215.

The third - after flowering is completed at the end of May.

During the flowering period, pest control is not performed, but you can protect the color from diseases and ticks that come out of hibernation immediately after it is completed. Copper sulphate and "Preparation 30 V" should be used. Biological pesticides are also suitable: Abamectin, Spinosad, Aversectin S.

The last treatment takes place in the fall, after the leaves have fallen to reduce the number of pests that have settled down for the winter.

During this period, spraying with substances of general action against pests and diseases is carried out so that they do not have time to hide for the winter. Use Karambid, inkstone and Fufafon.

For old, but still fruiting plants, additional strengthening top dressing is carried out in July, for better formation and further ripening of fruits.

The most effective preparations for processing the garden

Fufafon - will protect the trees from the apple tree, plum sawfly, cherry weevil, kidney mite;
Carbamide (urea) - from aphids, sucker, caterpillar, apple flower beetle, leafworm caterpillar. 50 gr. urea is diluted in 10 liters of water and sprayed on the garden after flowering. After entering the soil, urea additionally fertilizes it;
Copper sulphate (copper sulfate) protects against curl, coccomycosis, moniliosis, black cancer, scab, phyllosticosis, fruit rot. 100 gr. vitriol is diluted in 10 liters of water. Consumption from 2 to 5 liters. solution per tree, depending on size, per bush - up to 1.5 liters. Plant roots are prophylactically disinfected from bacterial and fungal infections by immersing them in a ready-made 3% solution for 3 minutes. Copper sulphate is a toxic substance; it is strictly forbidden to pour residues into water bodies;

Iron vitriol destroys moss, lichen, septosporosis, cytosporosis, powdery mildew, gray rot. Additionally replenishes the lack of iron in fruit trees. Due to the high acidity, ferrous sulfate can burn the leaves, so a 3% solution is used before blooming, and in the fall after the leaves fall. The rest of the time, 1% will do;
"Preparation 30 V" - relieves scale insects, aphids, moths, whiteflies, red and brown fruit mites. The drug creates a film on the bark and disrupts the metabolism in the eggs and larvae of insects, leading to their death. 200 gr. diluted in 10 liters of water and sprayed before the buds open and after the leaves fall, taking a break once every 2 years;
Bordeaux mixture protects against curliness, monoliosis and scab. 150 gr. copper sulphate is bred in warm water, 200 gr. lime is extinguished in metal utensils. Then, a solution of copper sulphate, while stirring, is poured into a solution of lime.

Insecticides belong to a class of chemicals.

According to the principle of influence, they are divided into:

contact-intestinal;
systemic;
fumigation.

Theoretically, they are best classified by chemical composition, since substances of the same class also have the same type of action mechanism.

Classification of insecticides

Phosphorus organic property

Organophosphorus insecticides are highly active, have a wide range of effects on organisms, have increased toxicity at the beginning of use, poor stability during operation, and rapid decomposition to the stage of compounds of already non-toxic properties on plants, as well as in soil and water. Organophosphorus preparations have a low consumption when calculating the area of the treated area.

When the preparations of this group decompose, the main part in this is taken by microorganisms.

Action on crops is from 10 to 20 days (open ground).

Organophosphorus-based garden insecticides are nerve-paralyzing poisons. Paralysis of the victim occurs, mostly ending in death.

The listed substances are contact-intestinal, some have a systemic nature of action, since they are distinguished by the ability to penetrate into root system, leaves.

Insecticide base: synthetic pyrethroids

Pyrethroids got their name from their resemblance chemical formula with substances pyrethrins of natural origin (chamomile Pyrethrum), for their similar action. They appeared massively on the pesticide market after the 1970s. Until then, they were considered rather weak means and mostly ineffective. The formula was modified: pyrethroid compounds began to be produced, which are still leading in many positions today.

General operating properties of pyrethroids:

photostable;
toxic at a selective level, given the metabolic degradation;
the activity of each of the molecules is preserved with partial modification;
the high activity of the insecticide remains, even taking into account the decrease in toxicity (for fish).

Pyrethroids are a type of insecticides, according to the principle of action, contact-intestinal, having high biological activity at the initial stage. To calculate the consumption rate, small proportions are taken as the basis.

Pyrethroids are effective against:

Coleoptera and Lepidoptera insects;
fleas, cockroaches and others.

Some of the pyrethroids have a directed acaricidal action, killing insects, causing paralysis.

neonicotinoids

Since ancient times, people have been able to prepare preparations with a nicotine base in the form of infusions from shag and tobacco. The first types of chemical nicotines were tested in the fight against insects even before the 1940s. They were highly toxic to insect species and also harmful to humans. There are known cases of receiving chemical shock by a person.

On the Russian market insecticides neonicotinoids are represented by several drugs: imidacloprid (in the drug called "Condifor"), acetamiprid (in the drug "Mospilan"), thiamethoxam (drug "Aktara"), thiacloprid (drug "Calypso").

natural origin

So-called biopesticides have names milbemycins and avermectins. They have a neurotoxic effect.

Insecticides of other known chemical groups

Bensultap is a substance similar to a natural neurotoxin, it is obtained from outlandish marine worms Limbrineris brevicitra.

This type of drug is effective on pests if they do not respond to others.

Diafenthiuron is a type of insectoacaricide used in protected ground. Effective against piercing-sucking insects and ticks. For example, on the greenhouse whitefly, on aphid species, on spider mites.

So, the drug "Pegasus" is able to inhibit the transmission nerve impulses, which affects the cessation of feeding of insects, which then die. Repeated spraying is allowed with an interval of seven days (1-3 liters / 1 ha). This drug is considered harmless to humans.

Analysis of modern drugs

Diazinon Based Products

In different concentrations, this substance is found in insecticides with trade names:

Barguzin;
Zemlin;
Thunder;
Medvetoks;
fly-eater;
Ant;
Muracid;
Ant-eater;
Provotoks;
Initiative.

These are drugs of non-systemic action, but a wide range applications. Diazinon in the composition of these brands is practically insoluble in the aquatic environment, which allows you to fight pests that live on the soil surface. Effectively fight against wireworm and weevil, cabbage and onion flies, aphids, flea beetles and nibbling scoops.

In addition, preparations with diazinon have an acaricidal effect, that is, they act on spider mites. Diazinon insecticides have previously been used on houseplants, but due to its danger and ability to accumulate in the human body, it has been banned from household use and is now used only in the garden.

It should be remembered that diazinon contaminates the soil and The groundwater, its decay period can reach 18 days.

Imidacloprid based products

The substance is part of drugs with the names:

spark of gold;
Commander;
Confidor;
Tanrek;
Monsoon;

These are drugs system principle actions and they spread through plant cells. Substances in the preparations dissolve well, are absorbed by plants, act through the root system. Drugs have proven themselves well in the fight against.

In addition, they act and fight against aphids, parasitic insects, whiteflies and weevils, leafhoppers, but have no effect against spider mites and nematodes.

A drug from the same chemical group of the group (with another substance) called "Aktara" fights the scale insect, Colorado potato beetle and aphids. They are treated with roses and ornamental shrubs.

Imidacloprid is a highly toxic substance, extremely dangerous for all mammals, birds and fish, and humans. Because of him long term decomposition (up to 2 years), it is allowed for summer residents and gardeners for use on crops limited to the list.

Malathion Products

A substance with this name is part of the preparations:

Fufanon;
Inta-CM;
Phenaksin-plus.

These are drugs of non-systemic action and acaricides of a wide spectrum. Apply:

on fruit against ticks and aphids, suckers and psyllids, apple moths;
on berries against aphids and gooseberry yellow sawfly;
in vineyards against mealybugs;
on citrus fruits against whiteflies and mealybugs, red mites;
on vegetable crops against aphids and mites, leaf-eating caterpillars.

The main substance malathion is classified as low toxic with a short decay period (1 day), but at the same time it is a highly effective fighter against many garden pests!

That is why preparations with malathion are approved for use on any crops in gardens and home gardens.

Malathion preparations have been successfully used for more than 60 years in everyday life, in the medical field, in landscape design and park maintenance! So far, no signs of addiction of insects to malathion preparations have been identified.

A group of preparations based on biological microorganisms and fermentation products of soil bacteria.

This includes trademarks:

Akarin;
Fitoverm;
Lepidocid;
Bitoxibacillin;
Iskra-Bio.

Despite the fact that this is a biological group of substances, they have an insecticidal, nematode effect. They fight scoops, leafworms, whites, ticks, Colorado potato beetles, moths, peach and melon aphids, thrips and other pests.

A wide range of applications limits the condition under which it is necessary to use drugs: in the warm season, at outdoor temperatures above 20 degrees Celsius. This condition is due to the fact that the biological product exerts its insecticidal effect through the intestinal system of pests, and they feed mainly when it is warm and there is enough moisture.

The drugs of this group are toxic, and you need to monitor the concentration, which can be dangerous for both animals and humans.

Some prices for the beginning of 2015:

Thunder, Thunder-2 (from 15 rubles / 10 g);
Bison (from 30 rubles / 1 ml);
Anteater (from 15 rubles / 1 ml);
Muracid (from 15 rubles / 1 ml);
Fly-eater (from 20 rubles / 10 g);
Initiation (from 20 rubles / 30 g);
Provotox (from 45 rubles / 120 g);
Prophylactin (from 510 rubles / 500 ml);
Slug-eater (from 30 rubles / 30 ml);
Senpai (20 rubles / 5 ml).

The question of the use of "chemistry" in the summer cottage is ambiguous. There are both opponents and supporters of the use of chemicals. Opponents of "chemistry" stand up for the environmental friendliness of grown vegetables and fruits, supporters of "chemistry" strive to get a guaranteed result with the least amount of labor.

Of course, the most environmentally friendly and safe method growing vegetables - do not use "chemistry" at all in the country, but manage, for example, with infusions of herbs, ash, tobacco dust - i.e. means of natural plant origin. However, in this case, two factors must be taken into account: 1. Treatment with herbal remedies requires constancy, because. usually such products work on the principle of repelling insect pests due to the content essential oils, phytoncides and others chemical compounds, which are found in plants (for example, in garlic, wormwood, tobacco dust, etc.), and which are quickly weathered / washed off. Usually enough for a couple of days, then you need to repeat the treatment. 2. Precipitation (rain, dew) instantly wash off such solutions from plants, which reduces the result to zero if you do not have time with a quick re-treatment.

If you have the opportunity to constantly be in the country, keep the condition of the plants under control, and are also ready to instantly respond to emerging problems, then “life without chemistry” is quite feasible for you.

If you come to the dacha, like most working summer residents, 1-2 times a week, then, most likely, one natural remedies you can't do it. For a week's absence, plants can be attacked, for example, by caterpillars, and almost completely destroy cabbage plantings, leaving the owners with eaten leaves with handfuls of moving green creatures. Therefore, from time to time, you still have to resort to "chemistry" that guarantees a stable result, but it is better to do it consciously, within reasonable limits, choosing the most suitable and gentle means.

Now in gardening stores there is a huge selection of various chemicals for different areas applications in the suburban area. For people who are not connected with the chemical industry, and generally far from chemistry, it can be very difficult to understand the differences between drugs, the nuances of their use, and most importantly, to understand which drug is most suitable for your specific problem and is the safest.

In this article, we will consider only one group of chemicals - insecticides.
"Insecticides - a group of chemicals that are part of the group of pesticides, and intended for the destruction of insect pests."

Types of insecticides

Hazard Class

The hazard class of substances is determined according to GOST and depends on the degree of exposure of the harmful substance to the human body.

According to the method of penetration into the body of the pest:

1. Contact insecticides destroy only those pests that are exposed to droplets of the substance during spraying. If the insect "successfully hid", it will avoid death and safely acquire offspring. Preparations of this type are able to protect only those parts of plants directly on which they are applied. They are washed away by rain and therefore are very dependent on weather and climatic conditions. The advantage of contact preparations is that they act quickly, the plant immediately feels relief.

2. Systemic insecticides penetrate into the cells of the plant and spread through it - from the tip of the root to the crown. The defeat of the pest occurs when eating poisoned parts of the plant. Such preparations are very quickly absorbed by plants and therefore practically do not depend on weather conditions. They give protection for 2-3 weeks, but act more slowly than contact preparations.

By the nature of the impact:

1. Insecticides continuous action- able to deal simultaneously with several different types of pests.

2. Selective insecticides - directed against certain types of pests.

According to the active substance and principle of action:

The main basis of insecticides is the active substance, which is indicated on the packaging in small print. Various drugs, prepared on the basis of the same active substance, have the same effect on pests. At the same time, the trade names of drugs are different for different manufacturers. When choosing a remedy, it is better to pay attention to the active substance., because Manufacturers change, and the trade names of drugs change accordingly.

1. Commander, Confidor Extra, Biotlin, Colorado, Bison, Golden spark, Monsoon, Tanrek are made on the basis of imidacloprid - a systemic insecticide. The drug is easily absorbed by plants, it works well systemically through the roots. Imidacloprid gained particular popularity due to its effectiveness against the Colorado potato beetle. It is also used to control a complex of pests: aphids, whiteflies, thrips, incl. spider mites and soil pests (wireworm, cabbage flies, etc.)

The effect of exposure is observed 3-5 days after treatment. The active substance exhibits high residual activity. The period of protective action is 14-28 days. The mechanism of action eliminates the emergence of resistance.
Imidacloprid is a highly toxic substance, the period of its decomposition in the soil is from six months to two years. For summer residents and gardeners, it is allowed on a limited number of crops.
Aktara also belongs to this group. It has an active substance with a different name, but of the same chemical group. This is a systemic drug that acts both from the inside - when watering, and through plant tissues - when spraying. Works especially well against scale insects, aphids, mites. Has no smell. Recommended for roses and ornamental shrubs.
I personally classify Aktara as a "heavy artillery", so I use it exclusively on flower and ornamental crops in closed ground, for example, if potted crops at home or on the loggia were attacked by pests.

2. Iskra M, Antiklesch, Phenaksin-Plus, Fufanon-nova (malathion emulsion concentrate), Inta-CM, Karbofos (malathion powder) are produced on the basis of malathion - a non-systemic insecticide and acaricide with a wide spectrum of action. Used to combat harmful insects and ticks on fruit crops, highly effective against a large number pests of vegetable crops: aphids, caterpillars, red mites, thrips and whiteflies, poutine mite. When used in open ground malathion has only a short period of action, and it is also unstable to wind and water. Its systematic use can affect the reproduction of pests, although its somewhat pungent smell may deter you from using it too often. Malathion is a moderately toxic substance for humans and animals, with a decay period in the soil of 1 day. Therefore, it is permitted and recommended for personal use. subsidiary farms in almost all cultures. The withdrawal period from plants is 7 days.

This group also includes Actellik- a drug with a wide spectrum of action. Actellik, unlike a number of less harmful drugs, evaporates strongly, it has high pressure steam, so enclosed spaces its use is not recommended. In addition, the drug has a rather pungent odor. Hazard class for humans - 2.

3. Inta-Vir, Iskra, Iskra double effect (tablet; additionally contains potassium, to increase the immunity of the affected plant), Kinmix, Tsunami, Senpai, Lightning KE, Decis(powder; at correct use can be used 1 day before harvesting) - these drugs have different active ingredients (cypermethrins, lambda-cyhalothrin, permethrin), but they all belong to the same chemical group - pyrethroids. This is a new generation of insecticides. These compounds were first isolated from Damascus chamomile - pyrethrum (Piretrum), receiving the name from it. They have also been found in tansy and chrysanthemums. Pyrethroids have been used to control insects for a long time. They are used in plates and smoldering spirals from mosquitoes, in flea shampoos for cats and dogs. These are non-systemic substances for the control of many chewing and sucking insects. They are very effective against aphids, whiteflies, fungus gnats and thrips. Approved for use by summer residents and gardeners on many vegetable, fruit, berry and ornamental crops. The group of these insecticides has the least toxicity to humans and warm-blooded animals. They have good residual activity with minimal negative impact to objects environment, easily decompose in the soil (under the action of soil micro-organisms decompose within 2-4 weeks) and almost do not penetrate into plants.

4. Complex preparations with several active ingredients:

Inta CM(cypermethrin + malathion) - tablet form
Alatar(cypermethrin + malathion) - emulsion
Knockdown(cypermethrin + creolin) - emulsion

This group of drugs is highly toxic, therefore it is used in the case of heavily infected areas.
Of particular note is the drug Prestige(analogue - prestigitator) is a complex preparation, insecticide + fungicide, for processing (spraying) planting material(tubers) from wireworm, Colorado potato beetle and potato scab-late blight. The active ingredient in it is imidacloprid, the same as in Komandor, Biotlin. It takes about 60 days for the chemicals to be completely eliminated. It is not advised to use Prestige for processing early varieties, but only for medium or late, to get into the tubers chemical substances managed to neutralize. The mechanism of protective action is as follows: immediately after planting the treated tubers, soil moisture partially releases the active substance, which diffuses into the soil, forming a protective area around the tuber. The growing plant absorbs the active substance both from the mother tuber and from the soil with the help of roots. Due to pronounced systemic properties, imidacloprid is evenly distributed over the vegetative organs of the plant, providing them with reliable protection from sucking and gnawing pests during the growing season (information from the site).

5. Anteater, Anteater, Muratox, Muratsid, Flycatcher, Thunder, Thunder-2, Zemlin, Medvetoks, Pochin, Provotoks- all are made on the basis of the active substance diazinon, only in different concentrations. These are non-systemic broad-spectrum drugs. Effectively act on soil-dwelling pests such as wireworm, cabbage and onion fly, weevils, nibbling scoop, aphid, flea. They have a number of significant drawbacks: they are highly toxic to humans and animals (hazard class 3); with regular use, pests develop resistance to the action of drugs of this group. The half-life of diazinon in the soil is 2-3 weeks, but after the introduction of granular forms, it is found in small quantities and after 14 weeks. Previously, drugs based on diazinon were made for domestic use, but then it was banned for home use due to the ability to accumulate in the human body.

6. Akarin, Fitoverm, Iskra-Bio, Lepidocid, Bitoxibacillin- this group of biological preparations is made on the basis of various microorganisms and fermentation products of soil bacteria. They are effective in the fight against whites, scoops, Colorado potato beetle, spider and red fruit mites, moths and leaflets on currants and apple trees; With spider mite, peach and melon aphids, tobacco and western flower thrips on cucumbers, peppers, eggplants, tomatoes and greenhouse roses; also used in greenhouses. A feature of biological products is that they are effective only in a warm (at least 20 degrees) and humid environment. Under the influence of natural factors, the effect of the drug stops in 5-7 days. The maximum effect is achieved 3-5 days after the treatment of the plant. The toxicity of biopreparations should not be underestimated. At high concentrations, they are dangerous to humans and animals.

Special notes about the preparation Fitoverm- the death of pests occurs 2-3 days after treatment, and maximum effect achieved in 5-7 days. The action of the drug on the leaf surface under favorable weather conditions lasts from 7-20 days. Even slight precipitation or heavy dew significantly reduce the effectiveness of the drug. Personal experience- Fitoverm works more effectively if it is used in a higher concentration than indicated in the annotation, 2-3 times. And treatments need to be done 3 times in 10 days. Experience of summer residents: Fitoverm of not all manufacturers works effectively, good feedback about Fitoverm manufactured by August and Bashinkom.

Notes:
* It must be remembered that with prolonged use of only one group of drugs, pests develop resistance to this type of exposure, in other words, resistance. In order to avoid such addiction, it is recommended to alternate different types of preparations for treating plants.

* In the spring, when planning the location of beds and flower beds, you need to consider whether these plants will be treated with insecticides. For example, if you are planting potatoes and plan to spray them with insecticides from Colorado potato beetles, then it is better not to have green beds or berry plantations near the potato plot. The same considerations apply to planning. decorative zones- mixborders, flower beds. For example, lily buds are often attacked by various pests. During the season, you need to spray them several times with any insecticides, which means that it is better not to place berry bushes or plantations near the lilies. These precautions will help avoid accidental and unnecessary exposure of sprayed insecticides to berries, herbs and other plants.

When preparing the materials of the article, the reference information of the site was used
We thank the consultants for their help in preparing the article: Irina Vladimirovna Suslova, chemist and biologist