Slope landscaping. Cottage on the slope (35 photos): the fight against steep slopes. Manufacturing of supporting structures and solving the problem of excessive moisture. Organization of the drainage system

Most people believe that a suburban area should be located on a plain, forgetting that the landscaping of a site with a slope is an excellent basis for expressing one's own imagination. In this case, one cannot do without special efforts, but one has only to imagine what original ideas can be used to design such a territory. A land plot on a small slope can be arranged in an original way, given all the pros and cons of such a territory.

Positive aspects of arranging a site on a slope:

1 Slopes and natural ledges can be played with in a way that even flat land owners can envy.
2 All slopes will be perfectly visible from home, so the results of your work can be enjoyed from one point, for example, from the terrace.
3 This area is a great option for those who prefer alpine slides, want to install a mini-waterfall on their site.
4 A good choice would be to purchase such a site, located on the south side of the hill, so that the vegetation has enough light.

On the negative side:

such a site will require large financial investments for registration;
planted crops will often have to be watered, as water quickly goes down on the slopes;
the slope may be poorly lit, which is not so good for plants;
if the house has an insufficiently strong foundation, there are risks of flooding with water descending from the slopes of water flows;
if children live in this area, it will be necessary to think about their safe stay on the slopes.

Landscape design of a site on a slope always provides for an individual approach and requires compliance with certain rules:

1 It is best to have a house on top of a hill, then the design of the site will be easier.
2 Starting to improve the territory, it is necessary to take into account its location relative to the cardinal points, soil features and technical characteristics of water supply.
3 Before you start planting plants, you should deal with the main buildings and their location. Such buildings will include not only a house and a building for storing various items, but also terraces, stairs and other elements.
4 Since the territory is not ordinary, all measurements must be made with high accuracy, otherwise everything will have to be redone, and this will require additional costs.
5 The lower layers of the soil cannot be touched, moved and other manipulations can be done, since all this can lead to erosion, and this is already dangerous.

Original design solutions

It's no secret that the varying heights of the site are just a godsend for designers. The results can be stunning. If the site has a slope of 15 degrees or more, then such an improvement option as terracing is a godsend for a landscape designer. In this case, the structure will be built using reinforcing walls, and they can be connected harmoniously with built-in ladders. It is important to consider a few points when decorating terraces:

the soil must be protected from erosion;
a drainage system is required;
comfortable and safe movement around the territory should be ensured;
everything should be zoned, i.e. the garden and the recreation area should be located separately;
retaining walls must be of high quality and reliable.

Terracing the site takes place in several steps:

1 The degree of steepness of the slope is determined, places for the construction of future terraces are marked.
2 Geoplastics are being carried out, i.e., the terrain is artificially changing from top to bottom. The earth from the upper tier is removed and placed on the underlying tier. Terraces can be arranged in tiers, and in a checkerboard pattern, and asymmetrically.

Next, it will be necessary to erect retaining walls, in addition to the supporting function, one must also perform a decorative one. To do this, it is necessary to select the material in accordance with the requirements of the design and features of the site. It can be both wooden beams and stone. It is important to remember that the supporting walls must be strong, and for this she needs a foundation. It can be reinforced concrete or rubble concrete.

Any slope on the site suggests washing out of the soil, this is especially noticeable in spring or during summer showers, so you need to take care of drainage in advance. Drainage will be the laying of metal pipes in the foundation of the terraces; special filtration holes can also be used. The drainage system is not only a drainage system, it can perform a dual function.

The accumulated water from the pipes can be used to water plants or to fill small artificial ponds or mini-pools.

The terraced area suggests the presence of stairs for movement. When erecting stairs, the following factors will need to be considered:

the dimensions of the steps can be selected individually;
the most affordable option is a wooden staircase, a stone staircase will be more expensive;
steep stairs must be equipped with handrails;

How to arrange a garden

The layout of the site with slopes may suggest the presence of not only multi-tiered terraces, but also a beautiful garden with an alpine slide, a mini-waterfall. The relief terrain is quite suitable for growing a lawn, but if the site has steep slopes, it will be possible to plant various plants that will gain a foothold on these very slopes and frame them beautifully. It is possible to arrange a lawn on arranged terraces.

The garden looks beautiful with natural stones. They are suitable for decorating an alpine slide, a pond, a dry stream. Plants planted on the slopes can be framed with stone sides. Plants planted on terraces feel especially good. They will look great in the play of sunlight.

One of the most important decorative elements of a site with slopes are reservoirs. It can be artificially created streams, waterfalls, cascades or mini-ponds. Some owners of such adjoining areas even build small lakes, creating the effect of unity with nature. Particular emphasis can be placed on the stairs, which will attract attention, thanks to the refined material and the various forms of handrails. Thuja, juniper and ground cover crops are ideal for slopes. They grow well in the existing conditions and perfectly hide all the shortcomings and shortcomings of the territory.

A site on a slope can be decorated brightly and unusually, if all technical rules are followed in order to preserve the soil and prevent groundwater from destroying the result of painstaking work. The relief area is not a problem area at all, but a wide field of activity for people who are able to turn their house adjoining area into a work of art.

A summer cottage on a slope can be considered as the most unfortunate option for individual construction, but you can also look at it from the other side. Some designers are happy to take on the design of such non-standard territories. It is on the slope that you can let go of all your imagination and embody a wide variety of artistic ideas, combine the incompatible, turn inconvenience into benefit and beauty.

An example of landscape design for a site on a slope

To implement some ideas, artificial hills, embankments, rises and slopes are created on flat areas, and a plot with a slope is a ready-made natural blank, it remains only to arrange it. The main drawback that accompanies the improvement of the territory on the slope is, of course, considerable costs and labor-intensive work. You can’t do without it, because for arranging, growing a garden, gardening, you will need to build retaining walls, fortifications, terraces, steps.

Landscaping and the location of buildings and zones can be very diverse and depend on the degree of slope, the location of the estate.

Zoning rules

The design of the site on the slope and the location of the functional areas depend on the preferences of the owners and the possibilities of the territory. Any zoning option requires compliance with its own rules.

Fortifications - decorations

The main disadvantages of the “steep” section are soil shedding and washing out by groundwater. In order for the dacha to please more than one generation, a series of difficult earthworks aimed at strengthening is simply necessary. But the created cascading terraces, walls will help create that very unique atmosphere.

It is also desirable to place shrubs on the slope mainly those that have a branched root system: as they grow, they will both delight and strengthen the slope.

Juniper, dogwood, wild rose, barberry, euonymus, dwarf spruce - these plants turn a neglected hill into a special landscape corner, and also help prevent shedding and retain moisture. Retaining walls are engineering structures that must ensure the consolidation of the soil, restrain the masses of the earth. Slope planning without retaining structures is simply impossible.

Planning and zoning of a site located under a slope

Depending on the quality of the reinforced soil, retaining walls can be divided into light and capital. Capital retaining walls up to 3 meters high are solid structures that require, and are designed for long-term containment and strengthening of a heavy mass of soil. Before arranging such a wall, a careful engineering calculation is needed.

Light walls are erected without a powerful foundation, they are intended more for decoration, strengthening a small area. The material from which the retaining walls are made:

Soaring gardens and nature views

Retaining walls, installed according to a certain plan, create a kind of landscape landscape with terraces. Terracing on a steep slope allows you to create favorable areas with soil for a vegetable garden, garden, flower beds. Also, with the help of separate terraces, recreation areas are favorably separated.

Option for arranging terraces on the slopes of the site

You can arrange stepped platforms vertically one after another, you can checkerboard, there is only one requirement: the steeper the slope, the narrower the terrace should be.

Properly carried out strengthening of the site with the help of terracing should solve several problems at once:

The dacha is divided into convenient functional areas.
The slope is strengthened, optimal conditions for water runoff are created.
Created together with the terrace, the staircase facilitates freedom of movement.

Very interesting ideas for creating recreation areas on terraced areas. They can be located at different levels. The upper terrace can turn into a viewing platform from which you can admire the amazing landscape while drinking tea at a table.

A recreation area on the lower terrace, on the contrary, will create a protected private environment, allowing you to hide from prying eyes and drafts.

One step, two steps

It is unthinkable without the arrangement of elements such as stairs and. The main stairs for descent and ascent can be part of the terraces or paved separately on the slope. In any case, the steps should be as convenient as possible for transition and at the same time emphasize the style of the entire estate.

An example of the arrangement of stairs on the site

Additional paths are equipped with steps or laid out with serpentine. On very high slopes, it is appropriate to make transitions, install benches for rest on them. Railings and platforms of stairs and paths are places for decoration with creepers and climbing flowers.

The material from which the staircase is made can be wood, and stone, and brick and concrete slabs: only compliance in design, convenience and safety is important.

Creating a landscape design for a site on a slope has its own subtleties, features and limitations. In the article we will talk about how best to decorate the site and develop an original design. The main nuances of creating a design will be described, which elements are better to use and how to develop a site layout.

Strengthening the site

The slope on the site can be beaten in many ways and this will give a special zest. However, it is very important to remember that the main task in the arrangement of such territories is to strengthen the soil. If this is not done, then over time, the soil will begin to move from the load and all buildings will be destroyed. In addition, tall trees should not be planted on such a site, they can be uprooted in strong winds. Another important step is to create a quality drainage system.

Improvement of the territory begins with the strengthening of all slopes. To do this, different designs and technologies can be used. Blocks, cobblestones, lawn grids, biomats, wood and gabions are used as reinforcement elements. A qualified specialist will be able to develop the best, most effective and correct reinforcement system.

Blocks, cobblestones, wood and gabions are used as slope reinforcement.

To do this, he conducts special calculations, taking into account certain factors:

location groundwater;

pressure soil on the slope;

corner inclination;

danger washing away site;

characteristics soil;

fortification zones and materials for work.

It is worth noting that small slopes can be strengthened by shrubs and various trees with a large root system. If the slope is large, then geotextiles or terracing are used. Plants must be planted in special separate cells, which act as a reinforcement for the structure.

Pictures of the design of a site with a slope show that often a fence is used to strengthen the territory using stones, slabs and other similar materials. This method has its own advantages. This is the stability of the structure to external factors, the absence of the need for plantings, and durability. But it is necessary to observe a number of important technological requirements.

The base in this case must be made very strong, the height is not less than a meter, and its thickness is 1/3 of the height. It is obligatory to have a drainage system, construction is carried out from the bottom up, the design must be cascading, the presence of a slight slope to the slope.

You can give originality and a natural look to the site with the help of logs or stones. After studying the characteristics of the soil, they must be dug into the ground. It also requires a drainage system. A similar solution can be used on slopes of various sizes.

Modern technologies involve the use of geotextiles. It is waterproof, plastic, protects the soil from freezing, is resistant to damage, prevents mixing of the soil when the water drains and is very easy to install. You can also use special gratings called geomats. The material is UV resistant, unaffected by various chemicals, easy to install, resistant to temperature extremes, maintains the natural beauty of the site.

drainage system

Arranging a drainage system for landscaping an uneven sloping site is an important step. Thanks to this system, soil damage will be significantly less.

The drainage system can be of two types:

open. Gutters are installed on the surface, through which water flows. With their help, you can make a pond, a fountain or even a decorative waterfall on the territory of the site.

Closed. Pipes with special slots through which water penetrates are placed in the underground section. In this case, the integrity of the upper layers of the soil is preserved, and the system itself allows you to save space on the territory.

The choice of system option depends entirely on the various characteristics of the soil and the personal preferences of the site owner. The internal system is used for sandy light layers, the external system for rocky areas. In general, gutters made of rubber, metal or plastic are used to equip the system.

Metal gutters last the longest, rubber is highly flexible, and plastic is the cheapest option. When distributing drainage, pipes are mounted not only on the slope, but also reinforcing materials so that the water passes to the allotted place.

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Design solutions

The options for landscaping the site on the slope are varied and very interesting. It is the slope that opens up unique perspectives and opportunities that cannot be achieved on a flat area. However, in this case, more time and money are required, so the design must be thought through as carefully as possible. All work must be carried out by specialists. The characteristics of the soil are considered, much attention is paid to the placement of buildings and distribution into zones. Only then is the location of stairs, terraces, retaining walls and so on thought out.

Terracing

When working with a site on a slope, it is worth abandoning straight and long retaining walls. This decision leads to the feeling of creating a huge staircase. In this case, it is better to use cascading terracing or creating chaotic ledges.

Winding paths and paths are made between the terraces themselves, and several steps are made on steep ascents. Also, on steep slopes, it is better to support the walls with the use of cement mortar, and on gently sloping, dry masonry is sufficient. Rounded shapes will create smooth and less flashy transitions. At the same time, terraces can have different functional purposes.

In some areas, you can equip shrubs, beds or flower beds. And winding paths will help create the big picture. For wet soils, drainage from crushed stone is required, which is covered to a width of 10-15 cm between the soil and the wall. To ensure the exit of water to the outside, pipe cuttings are used. If you do not take protective measures, then soon enough the structure will begin to collapse.

Stairs and walkways

These elements are indispensable when creating landscape design on a site with a slope and developing a harmonious connection of zones and terraces. In order for everything to blend well, it is better to use the same material for them as for the terraces. The brightness and visibility of the paths can be provided with large decorative elements.

Winding paths will help visually reduce the steepness, but the serpentine option will only emphasize this feature of the site. All curves are well emphasized by evergreens, shrubs and small trees. On a steep slope, a ladder is required. Its minimum width is 60 cm, it can be the same width as the track.

To avoid a large number of steps, platforms are used, it is advisable to make them in places where the direction of movement changes. If the length and width of the site is large enough, then you can install a bench or some kind of decorative element on it. In shady places it is recommended to make stairs from light materials, but not necessarily slippery in any weather. Additionally, lighting is installed.

Plants

Floristry plays a very important role in the planning of a plot with a slope. The best option for such areas would be the theme of the mountains. It is important to consider the location of the site itself relative to the cardinal points in the process of choosing plants:

north side in solving this issue has its advantages, since here you can use plants that are not afraid of shade and love moisture.

For south side you need to choose plants that are not afraid of drought, sunlight and high temperatures.

All plants that are planted on the site should have a different flowering period. To facilitate the work and maintenance of flower beds, it is worth planting perennials. Trees must be planted according to strict rules:

When the house is located in top point tall trees and shrubs can be planted near it, but they should not cover the house itself.

less tall plants sit down below, it can be flower beds and evergreen shrubs.

When choosing any plantings, it is necessary to take into account the region of location and the climatic features of the site.

Video description

In the video you can see a beautiful garden on a plot with a slope:

Conclusion

Creating a landscape design with a slope has its own characteristics, advantages and difficulties. When carrying out work and developing a design, it is necessary not only to correctly, but also correctly develop the layout of the zones. It is very important to provide good protection of the soil from possible erosion with a high-quality drainage system. You can make the site more comfortable and safe with the help of strong and durable retaining walls, which can be a design element. It is important to follow all the recommendations of experts, which will ensure the comfort and safety of living.

Nature does not have bad reliefs, everything is harmonious and original in it. It is believed that if you got a plot with a slope, then this is not good. But this is not a reason to be upset - this is an occasion to think about how to turn his shortcomings into virtues. We will build a house at the top of the plot, decorate the middle with terraces, in the lowland under the slope - the best place for a small reservoir. Many flat land owners artificially create hills and lowlands to embody exquisite design ideas. After all, uneven terrain is a huge field for creativity, the main thing is not to be afraid and roll up your sleeves.

Improvement of the sloping site will require serious both material and physical costs. But as a result, you will get a unique, stunningly beautiful and expressive landscape of the estate, prompted by nature itself.

First you need, the direction of water flow, the composition of the soil, the orientation of the slope in relation to the cardinal points. The next step will be planning a place for future buildings and recreation areas. It is better to entrust the design and all calculations for a site with a particularly difficult terrain to specialists, and a slight slope will make it possible to do all the work yourself.

Experts will help evaluate the site from an engineering and architectural point of view, suggest how best to adapt an uneven site to the desired operating conditions.

In the process of planning a site on a slope, it is necessary to take into account several characteristic features of such a relief.

On the slopes, the soil is highly susceptible to various natural and climatic influences (snow, rain, wind, and others), which can cause its erosion or creep.
In different parts of the slope, the microclimate will be different. The lower part is characterized by a slightly lower temperature, accumulation of moisture, and some stagnation of air masses. And the top of the slope is exposed to the strong influence of the sun and winds, so the land there quickly dries up.
The orientation of the slope relative to parts of the world should be taken into account. The southern slope will always be sunny and the plants will need additional watering, while the northern one will be shady and humid.
When starting work on the improvement of a “difficult” site, it is necessary to carefully consider the geoplastics of the soil. Where it is possible to level the relief as much as possible, removing part of the soil layer in one place and pouring it in another. Sometimes it may be necessary to additionally fill the area. This is due to the drainage and uplift of wet lowland soils or the formation of planes.

How to fill the site or its parts depends on the further use of the territory and the tasks set. So, to strengthen the soil for construction, to level depressions, to form terraces (with a lack of own soil), construction waste (broken brick and concrete) can be used in the lower layer, crushed stone or gravel for the middle layer. In damp wet places with close groundwater, in addition to the listed materials, sand is also used. The dumped area or part of it from above must be covered with a layer of fertile soil (the soil layer should be thicker for landscaping).

The first priority is to avoid ground displacement. You can leave the natural slope, leveling its relief and strengthening. Another option is terracing a site on a slope. Most often, these options are combined.

Slope strengthening

If the slope of the site is small, then various plants with a highly branched root system can be used to strengthen it. These are dwarf species of common spruce, mountain pine, creeping junipers, cross-pair microbiota, cypress, hornbeam, hazel, willow, euonymus, snowberry, hawthorn, shadberry, barberry, Russian broom, golden currant, white deren, which you can learn more about. And fast-growing cornflowers, clover, bluegrass, fescue, buttercups, daisies will not only help strengthen the sloping site, but also create a beautiful Moorish lawn on it.

And what to do with strong slopes? Use geotextiles, geogrids, geogrids, geomats. These materials are high-strength, resistant to sunlight and aggressive environments, have a long service life, and do not harm the environment. They are laid on a slope, then covered with soil. And plants planted on top will enhance the bonding effect of these materials.

A strongly sloping area should also be strengthened with the help of terraces.

Terracing

Reliable strengthening of the slope is the creation of horizontal "steps" - terraces over its entire surface. You should not make them long and straight, it is much more beautiful and practical when they are different in shape and size. The advantage of terraces is that they provide a horizontal plane for arranging recreation areas, gazebos, and lawns. On the terraces, you can plant fruit trees or break garden beds. Each "step" of the tier should be designed differently, which will make the landscape design on the slope especially interesting.

You can arrange the terraces in any order, showing creative imagination. Their size will depend on the intended use. Each terrace is secured by a vertical retaining wall. The walls can be different in shape, but it is better to form them with ribbon-like bends that repeat the natural relief. This will make the whole structure more durable, bring harmony to the overall landscape.

The technology and materials for the construction of retaining walls are selected depending on the height of the ledge and the overall landscape design of the uneven area.

If the height of the tiers is very small, up to 50 cm, then simple masonry without a cement binder can be used, and seeds of perennial herbaceous plants are placed in the gaps between the stones, which, when germinating, strengthen and decorate the wall.

To create high retaining walls, as well as when placing construction objects on the terrace (house, outbuildings), concreting is used, as well as foundation blocks and slabs. The improvement of such walls is carried out using various materials that match the style.

Masonry made of natural stone or brick, bonded with cement mortar, is widely used in retaining walls.

Gabions are gaining popularity in landscape construction. These are mesh frames made of metal wire filled with natural stone. They are practical, easy to use, durable, decorative. It is easy to create retaining walls of any configuration from them. The production of such blocks is not very difficult. Sometimes stones are mixed with soil inside the net, and then seeds of ornamental plants are laid there. In gabions, you can use any stone or even some other material. In addition, they are easily integrated into almost any landscaping site with a slope.

The use of timber in strengthening retaining walls gives the site a certain flavor, looks very decorative. However, one should take into account the fragility of wood under various natural influences. Careful processing with special protective equipment will briefly extend the service life.

If the retaining walls are high, and also built on loose, moving soil, then they must necessarily have a good foundation. For low walls (up to 1 m), a crushed stone or gravel cushion (20-40 cm) is sufficient at the base.

A retaining wall of any material should be backfilled with fine gravel and have a small pipe at the bottom to drain water.

Slope drainage systems

The suburban area on the slope is most susceptible to soil erosion due to heavy rains and spring floods. Water is also destructive to retaining walls. In the rainy season, the bottom of the slope will be excessively wet and damp. Therefore, during the formation of terraces and the construction of retaining walls, it is worth taking care of drainage. This can be a simple drainage consisting of various water-permeable layers (broken brick, fine gravel, coarse sand, and others) or a complex system using plastic drainage pipes and filtration holes. In parallel with the drainage, the irrigation system is also arranged.

The drainage system may be closed or open. Closed will save space, and open will become an element of decor. The water running down the open decorative gutters can turn into a small waterfall on some ledge or form a decorative pond at the bottom of the slope. More practical owners can arrange the collection of water in special containers on the site, from which they can then carry out automatic watering.

It doesn’t matter which one you choose, the main thing is that the drainage system is done correctly, taking into account the features of the relief and the direction of water flows.

The owners of suburban areas are trying to equip the territory so that it is comfortable and beautiful. More and more beds ...

Walkways and steps

Landscape design of a site on a slope cannot do without paths and steps. They serve for convenient movement around the territory and combine the terraces into a harmonious composition.

Paths are arranged on a relatively flat surface. Curving in a variety of ways, the paths will visually smooth out the steepness of the slope. And twisted by a serpentine, on the contrary, will emphasize differences in heights.

For harmonious integration into the overall landscape, stairs can be curvilinear or radius. Long flights of stairs should be interrupted by resting areas on which you can put a bench or decorative decoration. An interesting solution is when the staircase changes its direction from such a platform.

It is desirable that the paths and stairs are equal in width, and also made of the same or matching materials. It can be stone, wood, concrete, tile.

Equipping stairs, the main thing is not to forget about safety. Steps should be non-slip, not steep and fairly wide. With a strong slope, the installation of railings is mandatory. Lighting is very important. Decorative lanterns and lighting should serve not only to decorate the landscape, but also to ensure the safety of movement.

Rules for landscape design on a site with a slope

The landscape design of a summer cottage on a slope has a number of features. The location of the zones should be carried out taking into account each specific relief.

Most often, the house and outbuildings are located in the upper part of the slope. This is a more convenient option, since the entrance to the estate is nearby, and the spring melt waters do not cause inconvenience. Tall trees are always planted at the top of the slope. The house, built at the bottom of the slope, is decorated using low-growing trees and various shrubs. In both options, it is important that the plants do not cover the building.

If you want to visually smooth out the height difference, then the tallest plants are planted at the bottom point, and the short ones are closer to the top.

The selection of plants will directly depend on the location of the slope relative to parts of the world.

For the south, sun-loving drought-resistant plants are suitable. For example, maples, hawthorn, barberry, junipers, mountain pine, shadberry, shrub caragana, St. John's wort, spirea, lilac.

Various rocky gardens (rockeries, rock gardens, alpine hills) are perfectly located on the southern and southwestern slopes. They will be decorated with cute ground cover and undersized plants. For example, arabis, thyme, yaskolka, evening primrose, catnip, stonecrop, monetized loosestrife, woolly stakhis, grass, perennial phlox. Lush fescue pillows, carnations and a beautiful ground cover rose will add charm. And the tie and pachysandra will cover the slope with a dense green carpet and strengthen it.

On the western slope, bulbous primroses, as well as irises, echinacea, mallow, and alyssum will comfortably fit. East is suitable for dicentra, astilbe, bergenia, aquilegia.

The northern slope is the most problematic, it is shady, humid, not very warm. On such a plot, you can plant dwarf conifers, pea-bearing cypress, hazel, euonymus, snowberry, fieldfare. In the spring, primrose, lungwort, anemone will please with flowering, then astilba, volzhanka, geranium, aconite, rogersia will pick up the baton. You can also pick up shade-tolerant ground cover plants, for example, periwinkle, saxifrage, duchenea, tenacity.

In a lowland, a small decorative pond will ideally fit. The loosestrife, astilbe, meadowsweet, miscanthus, hosts, marsh geranium, swimsuit, brunner, and various ferns will help to ennoble its shores.

On one of the upper terraces, you can equip a recreation area, so it will be nice to relax, admiring the panoramic view of the entire site. If you prefer privacy, then create a recreation area below, so that on a hot summer day you can read an interesting book in silence and coolness.

Terraces will give you the opportunity to show all your creative imagination. For improvement, you can use various design directions. The most successful will be an alpine garden in the style of a chalet or a rustic landscape (natural) style.

We have considered the basic principles of planning and design of a territory with sloping terrain. Now you know how to make your "difficult" site with a slope comfortable, beautiful and original. Despite the sufficient laboriousness of the process, the result obtained will more than pay for all the difficulties. You will get much more than a banal rectangle of the earth.