Where to get urea for plant nutrition. Urea is an effective fertilizer. Purpose and scope. Instructions for the use of urea fertilizer for various crops

Urea or carbamide is a popular nitrogenous fertilizer in demand for household plots and large agricultural enterprises. Popular for high efficiency, affordable price range and ease of use. Let's figure out how to properly fertilize with urea, and for which horticultural crops it is suitable.

In addition, urea can be dissolved in water and applied as a foliar spray to crops such as wheat, vegetables, and potatoes. Dissolve one pound of urea in one gallon of water. If the soil already has an adequate supply of nitrogen, adding more nitrogen will not improve the growing conditions of your crop. In addition, urea temporarily increases the pH of the soil, but ultimately reduces it, making acidic soil more acidic. In addition, soil moisture content affects the rate of urea reaction.

Dry soil slows down the reaction, while wet soil speeds up the reaction. The University of Minnesota recommends applying urea at a rate of 10 pounds per acre during planting when conditions are wet and at a rate of 20 pounds per acre when conditions are dry. Research conducted at North Dakota State University shows that applying urea at rates above 20 pounds per acre when planting significantly reduces crop yields, not increases them. However, a study from the University of Minnesota found that applying 160 pounds of urea per acre during field fall resulted in about a 20 percent increase in crop yields in the next growing season.

Pharmacological characteristics of the substance

Urea (urea) is a chemical compound, diamide of carbonic acid, a product of the final breakdown of protein. It is used in the chemical, oil and food industries, pharmaceuticals and agriculture.

The main scope of its application is the agro-industrial complex, since it is the most powerful supplier of nitrogen. Its concentration in grade B urea exceeds 45%. More than 5 million tons of carbamide-based fertilizers are produced annually in Russia alone.

Urea was not always the main source of plant nitrogen

Urea was first synthesized by the German chemist Friedrich Wöhler. Until that time, organic sources of nitrogen, such as urine, night soil, manure and compost, were the only means of delivering this important macronutrient to the soil. Other chemical compounds have been used as a popular fertilizer over the past century. Currently, 90% of synthetic urea is destined for fertilizer.

Impurities and misuse of urea fertilizers can damage plants

A common impurity in urinary fertilizers is biuret, which can be broken down in soil but does so over a long period of time and is phytotoxic during the process. As with any source of nitrogen, urea itself can damage plants: nitrogen disrupts or completely prevents seed germination, and too much nitrogen can cause crops to "burn".

Urea very quickly and without residue dissolves in water, but does not absorb it itself. This is very convenient, since in ready-made solutions it does not “caking” and does not gather into large insoluble pieces.

Produced for ease of use in granules and tablets. The application rates for granular and tablet formulations are different. The concentration of the active substance is higher in tablet form, so a smaller amount is required. For this reason, the cost of tablets is higher.

Existing soil bacteria break down urea fertilizers

The first step in making nitrogen available to plants in urea is converting it to ammonia or ammonium ions and bicarbonate ions. Naturally occurring soil bacteria - commonly referred to as ammonia-oxidizing bacteria - are rapidly accelerated with enzymatic urease.

Urea fertilizers Influence of soil pH

The ammonia is then oxidized to nitrite through a process called nitrification. Nitrite is oxidized to nitrate by nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. Both ammonium and nitrate are forms of nitrogen that are most easily taken up by plants. During the nitrification process, the amount of free hydrogen ions in the soil increases, which creates acidity. In addition, when plants take up ammonium ions, they also release hydrogen ions into the soil.

Advantages and disadvantages

The substance has a number of undeniable advantages:

activates growth;
promotes an increase in protein content;
for prevention against rodents and pests;
easy to use, it is applied both in the form of granules and in liquid form;
if strictly follow the norms of application, the crop does not accumulate hazardous substances.

The disadvantages are minor compared to the advantages:

Healthy plant growth depends on quality, not quantity

Thus, care should be taken to neutralize excess acidity using compounds such as effective calcium carbonate. As mentioned above, too much urea and excessive a large number of nitrogen can provide bad influence on plants. It can also have negative environmental impacts: nitrate is highly mobile in water, and leaching from Agriculture harmful to waterways.

So while urea fertilizers are generally a smart and economical choice, care must be taken in their application to ensure maximum benefit for your crops with minimum environmental impact. Agricultural tools can help make these decisions.

if you exceed the application rate, horticultural crops get a serious burn;
solution colder than temperature environment;
not compatible with certain types of chemicals.

Features of feeding

If the soil is initially poor in nitrogen, the application chemical may not be enough. If it is necessary to increase the application rate, magnesium sulfate should be added at the rate of 3 kg per 100 liters of the mixture.
When the drug is added to water, the solution cools due to an endothermic reaction. Feeding plants at this temperature is prohibited, as this will cause stress, illness and, as a result, death. The best option when the solution and air temperatures are identical. If 20 kg of a substance is added to 100 liters of water, the mixture will cool by an average of 8-10 degrees.

When it comes to the trees and shrubs in your landscape, fertilizing isn't necessarily an annual ritual. Many gardeners have the false impression that the more fertilizer they apply, the better. more plant will grow. Fertilizer is not a plant food. Plants use water carbon dioxide, elements from fertilizers and solar energy to produce their own food. Synthetic and natural fertilizers provide nutrients for plant growth.

Adding the right amount of fertilizer can promote healthy flower and foliage growth, while over-fertilization can reduce plant health and can lead to decline and death. The use or misapplication of fertilizers can contribute to the pollution of our rivers, streams, lakes and estuaries. Excessive fertilization can increase the likelihood of certain plant diseases. Fertilizing plants that have already outgrown their allotted space can result in more pruning.

As a rule, several trace elements are introduced into the soil at once in order to carry out deoxidation and nutrition. Consideration should be given to the compatibility of microelements.

Compatibility table with other trace elements:

A group of substances with a high level of acidity, if you mix urea and fertilizer from the first group at the same time, the process of neutralizing the nutrient composition takes place, it loses its value. In addition, salts accumulate in the soil.
The composition of urea and fertilizer from the second group leads to excessive acidification of the soil, since the main active substance is acid.
Combinations from the third group are ideal for simultaneous feeding and can be prepared in advance.

VIDEO: The whole truth about urea

For most woody plants requires a moderate growth rate and good green color. Excessive energy, which is manifested by lush, green leaves and long shoot growth, is often undesirable. Such plants are more susceptible to winter cold injury, are more likely to be destroyed by winds and ice storms, and will generally require more pruning than moderately vigorous plants.

Too often gardeners assume that if a plant is not doing well, they must fertilize to remedy the situation. Fertilization can be beneficial, but only after the problem causing poor growth has been corrected. Plants that do not grow well will show one or more of the following symptoms.

Use as a feed

Use for active growth green mass, activation of protein synthesis processes. The main application period is spring, when garden plants develop, all metabolic processes are activated. it universal fertilizer, which is suitable for all vegetable, fruit crops and also for flowers.

Application in the garden

These symptoms of poor growth may be caused by inadequate soil aeration, moisture, or nutrients; unfavorable climatic conditions; wrong pH; or illness. Newly transplanted trees and shrubs will often not regain their normal growth rate until the original root system is restored. Plants disturbed by construction within the last five to ten years may be in shock and show limited new foliage growth. Don't assume that applying fertilizer will quickly fix any problem you encounter, in many cases it can make existing problems even worse.

spring processing

Most effective way top dressing with urea in the spring - in liquid form. The advantages of this method are obvious;

horticultural crops are not injured, the likelihood of burns is excluded;
active substances do not evaporate from the ground.

The solution is fed perennial shrubs and trees. The procedure is carried out only after heavy rain or watering - the soil must be well moistened.
You should try to identify the specific cause in each situation and apply corrective measures. Herbal plant nutrients require 17 elements for normal growth. Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are found in air and water. Nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus and sulfur are absorbed from the soil. The last six elements are used in relatively large quantities by plants and are called macronutrients. There are eight other elements that are used in much smaller quantities; they are called trace elements or trace elements.

If top dressing with urea is carried out dry, it is necessary to take into account the decomposition rate - from 2 to 4 days, so the soil must be dug up immediately. Dry fertilizer is used in unplanted areas and for digging.

For reference! Many growers spread pellets in early spring before the snow melts or when it rains. These methods of fertilization are absolutely inefficient, since the nutrients evaporate quickly and main component- nitrogen does not have time to penetrate into the deep layers of the soil. As a result, it is necessary to reapply the drug during the vegetative period. If this is not done, the plants experience a lack of nitrogen, and this affects the yield.
Spraying horticultural crops
Trace elements include iron, zinc, molybdenum, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt and chlorine. The nutrients most likely to limit plant growth are nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Nitrogen is the main component of proteins and is part of every living cell. This nutrient is generally more responsible for increasing plant growth than any other nutrient. Deficiencies can result in slow growth, reduced leaf size, yellowing, short branches, premature color and leaf drop, and an increased chance of certain diseases.

To make the fertilizer as effective as possible, prepare a solution and pour it into previously prepared trenches or pits. After that, the soil is leveled so that the granules are in the ground and do not evaporate.

When is urea needed?

You can determine nitrogen deficiency by appearance, which is characterized by very noticeable signs:

Urea, horticultural applications

Excess can lead to overgrowth of shoots and leaves, reduced root growth, low food stocks, and increased susceptibility to environmental stresses and some plant diseases. Nitrogen is a mobile nutrient that is in constant motion. Nitrogen from granular fertilizer can enter streams from surface runoff. Nitrogen losses are higher when heavy rain immediately follows the application of the fertilizer surface, especially in sloping areas.

slow development;
depressed appearance;
leaves become smaller, lose intense color;
a small number or absence of inflorescences;
shedding of ties.

In some cases, the leaves turn yellow from iron deficiency. Experienced gardeners able to distinguish between nitrogen deficiency and iron deficiency. To do this, just look at the foliage during the day. If there is not enough iron:

Incorporating the fertilizer into the soil or light watering after application to the surface will reduce the amount of nitrogen lost. Phosphorus plays a role in photosynthesis, respiration, energy storage and transfer, cell division and cell expansion. This promotes the early formation and growth of roots, as well as the production of flowers, fruits and seeds. Many of our urban soils have low level phosphorus. Cultivated agricultural land often has high level phosphorus during the years of fertilization. In these cases, adding more phosphorus will not increase yields and may harm the environment.

leaves wither;
loses color first young foliage and then old.

When there is a nitrogen deficiency, the leaves do not wither and turn yellow first, old ones, and then young ones.

An aqueous solution is used equally effectively for foliar dressings and spraying.

What to do in autumn

In autumn, you can apply the drug to empty areas that are planned to be planted in the spring. But many experts consider such treatment to be ineffective, since carbamide does not have a prolonged action, and some of the active substances disappear.

When applied as a fertilizer, phosphorus quickly binds to soil particles. Phosphorus is extremely immobile in soils; it moves about 1 inch from its original placement. If phosphorus is not included in the soil, polished, or applied as a strip, plants may not use it.

Potassium is involved in many plant growth processes; it is vital for photosynthesis and helps regulate water in plants. potash fertilizer helps plants overcome drought tolerance, increases disease resistance and improves winter hardiness. Potassium can be leached through the soil with water, but not as quickly as nitrogen.

Best to use in autumn complex fertilizers containing nitrogen. The introduction of a pure substance is preferably carried out in the spring. Experienced gardeners act as follows - they apply monophosphate in the fall, and urea in the spring.

How to prepare a solution

The granules dissolve quickly and well, so the preparation of the solution will not cause difficulties.

Plant nutrient uptake. Nutrients in soil can be in solid form, attached to soil particles, or dissolved in soil water. For an element to be taken up by plants, it must be in a form that the plant can use and be present in the soil water. Water and oxygen are needed to move nutrients to plant roots. Without adequate oxygen in the soil, there is limited nutrient uptake.

Anything that reduces or prevents the formation of sugar in the leaves can reduce nutrient absorption. If the plant is stressed by low light or extreme temperatures, nutrient deficiency problems can develop even though there are sufficient nutrients in the soil solution. Diseased or damaged roots, improper soil pH, water registration points, and plantings that are too deep can result in inefficient nutrient uptake.

The most common concentration:

0.5% - 5 g per 1 liter of water or 50 g per 10 liters of water;
1% - 10 g per 1 liter of water or 100 g per 10 liters of water.

Norms for foliar treatment - 15 ml for one adult plant, for root fertilizer - no more than 30 ml.

Feed preparation table:

	Application rate	Note
Dry application	5-10 gr. per 1 sq.m.	Apply only to moist soil. The preparation is deepened by 10 cm.
Solution application	20 gr. per 1 sq.m.	For processing vegetable, fruit and berry and flowering crops.
spraying	5-10 gr. per 1 liter. This amount is enough to process 20 sq.m.	For vegetables - 50 g per 10 liters. For shrubs and trees - 100 g per 10 liters.
Planting work (granules)	4-5 gr. into the landing hole.	Root contact is prohibited. The substance is mixed with soil, deepened by 10 cm.
	For 1 plant take 3 gr. granules per 1 liter.	During the formation of fruits, the number of granules is increased to 5 g.
Dry top dressing flowering plants and bushes	70 gr. for each plant.	The granules are scattered around the plant and watered immediately.
Dry top dressing ornamental plants	100-200 gr. for one plant.	The volume depends on the size of the plant.
Dry top dressing of trees		The volume depends on the size and age of the tree.

Urea against pests

If you want to protect your garden from pests, but are afraid to use strong toxins, carbamide is optimal solution. In this case, you need to correctly choose the time for processing plants.

The procedure is carried out at the stage when the insects have not yet woken up. Best time:

before the start of sap flow;
the temperature at night does not fall below +5°C.

Spraying is carried out if there were a lot of pests in the garden last season. For prevention, it is recommended to reduce the dose by half.

Spraying is carried out with a solution in the following concentration - 30 g. for 10 liters of water. MPC - 100 gr. for 10 liters of water.

How to store dry matter

When choosing a storage location, high hygroscopicity should be taken into account. The granules are stored in rooms where the humidity level is not higher than 50%, preferably in hermetically sealed containers.

The service life of carbamide is six months. After this period, the amount of nitrogen decreases, and the effectiveness of top dressing decreases.

Carbamide for different plants

Every culture needs a certain amount active substance. It depends on the yield, size, growing time, soil conditions and other factors.

Garlic

The drug is applied in the first half of June, during the period of garlic growth, this is the first root fertilizer. It is not necessary to add more carbamide for garlic. Otherwise, the growth of heads stops, and shoots grow.

carbamide - 10 gr.;
calcium chloride - 10 gr.;
water - 10 liters.

cucumbers

During active growth, cucumbers are fed 3-4 times. The first time vegetables are fertilized two weeks after planting. Apply the mixture - 15 g per bucket of water (10 l). Add 50-60 g of superphosphate to the mixture.

If greenhouse seedlings change color, prepare a mixture of urea (15 g), superphosphate (20 g), potassium chloride (15 g) and royal jelly (10 ml). Spray cucumbers in cloudy weather.

tomatoes

For tomatoes, urea is one of the main fertilizers. Carbamide is applied during planting or poured under each well in the amount of 15 g.

If you are using granules during landing work, after the carbamide is no longer contributed.

Cabbage

In the process of planting, urea is not used, but it is applied during the first feeding. A solution is being prepared in the following concentration - 30 g per bucket of water (10 l). Water the seedlings before fertilizing.

Potato

Tubers are considered to be a rather whimsical culture, since they do not absorb mineral nutritional compositions well. To increase the yield, carbamide is applied before planting (10 days in advance). Urea is added together with potassium. For each weave, 2 kg of granules will be required.

If it was not possible to apply fertilizer during planting, the procedure is carried out after 4-5 days in liquid form. How to dilute urea - 15 g per bucket of water (10 l). One well will require 0.5 liters of solution.

Strawberry

It is important to use urea for berries as carefully as possible. In this case, a lack of nitrogen will lead to a decrease in yield, and an excess - to a loss of taste and fragrant properties. That is why for strawberries it is preferable to use multicomponent, complex compositions - nitrophoska.

For trees

All trees are positive about nitrogen application. Top dressing of trees is carried out three times during growth:

in the spring when the leaves appear;
with the advent of flowers;
when the crop is formed.

During fruiting, the rate of carbamide increases. The granules are brought around the tree and sprinkled with soil and deepened by 15 cm.

Urea for flowering crops

For flowers, it is used only once - in the first decade of March, when the greenery is actively growing. Further, urea is not used so as not to slow down the formation of buds.

The main symptom of an excess of nitrogen is the shedding of buds and the lack of flowering. The drug is applied in liquid form with a concentration of 4 g. for 1 liter of water. This amount is enough for watering 1 square. m.

VIDEO: Mineral fertilizer urea - application, consumption, properties

Almost every gardener uses fertilizer to grow crops. All of them are different in composition and purpose. It is thanks to these complexes that plants develop better root system, become lush and give big harvest. It is important to know exactly how and in what quantity to feed your garden.

How to make a do-it-yourself mounted spreader mineral fertilizers, can be found from this

Urea - carbamide, which is used for active growth and presentable appearance. Carbamide is found in proteins. If this substance is not enough for plants, then their growth will slow down. In some cases, the fruits may die.

But what is urea? It contains 45% nitrogen in its composition. Usually, urea is very often used for top dressing, it is suitable for almost all types of plants. White balls of small sizes, which are perfectly combined with water, and are urea. These balls are able to perfectly interact with water. They are odorless. If the air humidity is increased, then the hygroscopicity of the fertilizer also increases.

Application in the garden

Urea should be used by burying it in the ground. Often summer residents compare urea in its nutritional value with sodium nitrate, and with ammonium nitrate compared by the way they affect the yield. The fertilizer itself should not be allowed to the sown seeds themselves.

This is due to the fact that in the process of processing ammonium carbonate, released during processing, is able to kill the germination of all seeds. To prevent this, you need to bury urea deep under the sowing of seeds. You can also use potassium together.

But sometimes an excess amount of nitrogen on plants can also appear:

During a very early development you will see slow growth.
The culture turns into a very large plant, the leaves become very dark in color.
Fruits usually with an excess of nitrogen ripen later than usual. And such a crop can be stored much less. The fruits will taste less juicy and fragrant.

If we compare carbamide with ammonium nitrate, then it has the best effect on acidic soils sod-podzolic origin. The soil must be very well moistened. It also has an excellent effect on gray soils, if the plant growing here is constantly irrigated. On neutral or alkaline soils, nitrogen disappears fairly quickly. Therefore, when making carbamide, it is necessary to thoroughly mix it with the ground.

General positive traits urea:

fast dissolution of granules in the soil;
nitrates do not accumulate in fruits;
the vegetative mass grows well;
in the grain, the amount of protein increases;
the yield rises.

Prices

Fertilizer can be packaged in several kilograms in bags. The price of a package of 3 kg is about 170 rubles. Carbamide from the manufacturer "Fasco" costs about 300 rubles for 2.5 kg. If you need to handle large areas or plantations, then it is more profitable to buy urea in bulk here. For 20 tons of fertilizer, you will need to pay about $260.