What material is better to build a house with your own hands. What is better to build a house from - an overview of materials

It's time to explain why aerated concrete is the most right material for walls country house and no other material can compete with it in terms of the totality of characteristics. I propose to consider together all the existing this moment on the market Construction Materials(including rare and exotic) and make sure that better material than aerated concrete for low-rise construction cannot be invented.

But in any case, a frame house made of wooden wall materials is the best thing to choose in our time. Thus, we actually get that with all the variety of existing building materials, we are left with only two options:

House made of cellular concrete (aerated concrete)
Frame house

All other building materials, in principle, are not consistent and it makes no sense to consider them if you are building a house for the long term for long-term and comfortable operation. And now is the time to make a direct comparison of a house made of aerated concrete and a frame.

Let me remind you that in both cases we focus on the fact that the house will be built on a monolithic foundation slab, that is, the low heat capacity of the walls of a frame house is not relevant in our case. If you decide to build a frame house on pile foundation, then soberly understand that the heat capacity of such a house will tend to zero and any shutdown of heating in winter will lead to almost instant freezing of the whole house. If we are talking about a house for permanent residence and year-round operation, it must have an extremely high heat capacity of the building envelope, because. it is on this parameter that the comfort of operating such a house directly depends.

The main advantage of a frame house is the ability to get an incredibly “warm” wall at a minimum cost. This is directly related to the fact that for light insulation, the resistance to heat transfer per centimeter of thickness is 2-3 times less than that of solid wood or even aerated concrete.

The second predominantly frame houses- the speed of erection of the supporting frame of walls and roofs. In fact, the advantage is rather doubtful if you approach the house as a complex object. Because the subsequent finishing of the frame house, firstly, will no longer be so fast, and secondly, with engineering systems will also have to tinker. But if you want to get a roof over your head here and now (it doesn’t matter that you still have to work and work under this roof so that the house finally looks like a house), then you can agree to a frame house. The same applies to popular recent times modular houses assembled in production. Their manufacturers position the assembly in the hangar as an advantage for the customer, although in fact the customer should not care at all, because. This does not affect the production time in any way. But for the performer, the assembly under the roof of the hangar is a big plus, because. allows to reduce costs and downtime associated with the unpredictability of the weather, if we consider the option of building on the customer's site. But on the other hand, the customer becomes severely limited by the too small sizes of individual modules, which are completely uncomfortable for subsequent operation (for example, ceilings in a normal house should be at least 2.8 meters).

This is where the advantages of frame houses end and the disadvantages begin.

First, and most important. Frame houses are now being built by everyone who is not too lazy (because the cost of building a frame house is extremely low and you can “weld” well), which requires special control over compliance with construction technology. Otherwise, you can get such a barn, which will collapse at the slightest gust of wind. According to the link in the video, everything that could be broken was broken, but in fact, during a hurricane, it is very likely that a well-built frame house will collapse to one degree or another, and you need to be prepared for this. The calculation of loads for a frame house must be done more carefully than for a stone house, paradoxical as it may seem.

The second disadvantage of frame houses is expensive finishing and laying of engineering systems. open way. Indeed, in combustible structures it is forbidden to lay electrical wiring, and therefore it will have to be carried out in an open way, which is very doubtful from an aesthetic point of view. In a house made of cellular concrete, everything is much simpler - all communications and wires are laid in the walls, which are then plastered. Absolutely the same as they do in apartments.

By the way, about ventilation. If you “forget” to do it in an aerated concrete house, then the high vapor permeability of the walls will allow you to somehow cope with excess moisture in the house, and in a frame house-thermos without ventilation with a microclimate, everything will be very bad.

What else?
The sound insulation of a frame house is just as bad as that of an unplastered cellular concrete house.
Hanging heavy objects on the walls is possible only on load-bearing frame.
Mice and other pests can start in the walls of a frame house.
Fire hazard. Stone houses also burn, but this rarely leads to the collapse of walls and ceilings. The frame house burns down instantly, despite various impregnations for wood (remember that the electrician in the frame house can only be carried out in an open way).
The durability of a frame house rests on the service life wooden frame(and without protection, the tree will begin to rot). While stone building materials (including cellular concrete) are eternal, cement-based materials only become stronger over the years.

If we compare completely finished houses the same area, with engineering systems and finishing, a surprising discovery can be made. The cost of work and materials for a frame house is almost identical to the cost of work and materials for building a house from aerated concrete. Of course aerated concrete house it will turn out a little more expensive, because. during its construction, mechanization will be required, but this will be less than 10% of the total cost of all work.

Thus, we can conclude that aerated concrete is an ideal building material, which has no alternatives in principle. A frame house should be considered only if, for one reason or another, you do not have the opportunity to build a house from cellular concrete.

In the next part, we will choose the perfect roof for a country house. Don't switch!

Let's make a reservation right away that in this article we will not consider exotic building materials, such as adobe bricks, reeds or felt. Let's talk about materials traditionally used in Russia and most other countries for building houses. There are a lot of them (and new ones are constantly appearing), however, all of them are one or another variation on the theme of wood, stone or concrete.

The traditional dispute about which walls are “warm” and which are not, in our opinion, has already lost its relevance: on the one hand, there are now so many effective thermal insulation technologies that you can make any wall "warm"; on the other hand, even the “warmest” wall, made “by a blunder”, instead of heat, will give only drafts. Therefore, we consider one of essential qualities The best material for building a house should have is its weight. The more massive the walls of the house, the stronger they are and the greater the load they can withstand. But the foundations in such a design must also have a large bearing capacity, which significantly increases the cost of construction (the cost of the foundation can reach up to 30% of the cost of the entire house!)

wooden houses

The "lightest" types of houses are frame-panel and panel. Their walls and partitions consist of a wooden frame upholstered with wooden panels, between which there is a layer thermal insulation material. The difference between them is that the walls of a frame house are erected “on the spot”, while the walls of a panel house are built at the factory in the form of panels. The advantages of such houses are: the speed of construction (professional teams spend about 3 weeks on assembling a frame house, a panel house can be assembled in a few days), the ability to use low-bearing foundations that are easy to install, and, consequently, a serious reduction in the cost of construction. Disadvantages: weak strength and load bearing capacity(it is allowed to build up to two floors with an attic), fragility ( guarantee period the service life of such houses is about 20-25 years, although in reality a well-built house stands without repair and 50-60 years - there are examples). In addition, in Russia, frame-panel technologies are still somewhat wary, although in Europe and America this is one of the most common houses, thus wooden panels, may well act as the best material for building a house with the tolerance of certain design restrictions.

Next in weight are wooden log cabins, or from a log round section(manual or mechanical cylinder), or from rectangular bar. Their advantages: ease of construction, average cost, the ability to use inexpensive foundations, increased compared to frame houses, strength and durability (40-50 years minimum). The disadvantages are as follows: log cabins are subject to shrinkage, so it is impossible to build such a house within one season; as a result of shrinkage, cracks are formed, therefore log cabins require mandatory caulking; increased fire hazard of the material, requiring the use of additional protective measures; the most important thing is the direct dependence of the quality of the material on its price. Inexpensive hand-fed log cabins are usually made of low quality wood, with numerous slots, and logs and beams good quality are usually expensive.

Houses made of stone and concrete

Recently, houses made of various kinds of concrete derivatives have become widespread: foam concrete, polystyrene concrete, etc. These materials are quite light (compared to ordinary concrete), non-combustible, have good heat and sound insulation, are easy to install and also claim to be the best material for building a house. Of the minuses, one can note the fragility of the material, which does not allow building above two floors. There are problems with interior decoration - the "softness" of the material forces you to do different kind additional "false walls". In addition, buildings made of these materials require the immediate installation of insulated facades, otherwise unprotected walls begin to quickly collapse.

Starting the construction of a house, the future owner must solve many issues, the main of which is what material to build from. The choice is influenced by many factors, both subjective and objective.

If for some developers the cost is not significant, then for others this parameter is decisive.

The same should be taken into account future comfort and safety of residence. This article discusses the features various options construction of a country house.

The main options for building a house

Along with the cost factor of construction, one should take into account the features of the building design, climatic conditions, appearance and speed of construction work.

brick house

A brick house always has a spectacular appearance, but it is necessary to take a responsible approach to the choice of material. Brick products vary significantly in quality. For example, there are bricks that cannot be used in conditions high humidity and temperature fluctuations.

Houses made of such material will not last more than 15-20 years. But there is material, houses from which will stand for more than 30 years.

The advantages of brick material are:

durability;
strength;
increased noise and heat insulation;
environmental friendliness and the possibility of a variety of interior decoration.

At the same time, such material is quite expensive, construction is possible only in the warm season, and the houses themselves warm up for a long time and are afraid of dampness.

Houses made of aerated concrete and foam concrete

Cellular concrete is an artificial stone in which the pore-cells are evenly distributed and filled with gas or foam bubbles. Unlike foam blocks, aerated concrete is more inclined to accumulate moisture.

Blocks artificial stone easy to move, not subject to rot and rust.

In comparison with brick material, foam blocks can withstand lower loads, so these materials are often used in combination - for bearing walls brick is used, and for internal walls- foam blocks with high thermal insulation properties.

Advantages of foam concrete:

economy and fast pace of construction;
higher noise and heat insulation compared to brick;
the possibility of conducting communications through the voids of the blocks.

Such blocks are less durable, and in the cold season you need to warm up the house and provide protection from dampness.

Artificial stone must be covered with protective materials, and during the operation of the house, precipitation and cracks may occur. In the latter case, a more powerful foundation and adherence to masonry technology are required.

Rubble stone houses are a good solution for permanent residence. In summer, they create coolness due to thick walls.

But with irregular residence, additional heating costs will arise - it is rather problematic to heat a building with such walls.

Monolithic houses

houses from monolithic concrete characterized by high strength. This material is used in the construction of houses with a higher number of storeys. The advantages of such houses are:

high construction speed;
slight shrinkage of the structure;
strength and long term operation;
seismic resistance and the possibility of construction on difficult ground, in areas with increased risks floods;
the possibility of creating original designs.

At the same time, the construction of monolithic houses is higher, in winter period it increases even more, including through the use of special equipment. Such houses are characterized by low sound insulation, poor ventilation, require additional insulation.

Modern frame houses

Frame-panel technologies are common in the construction of houses due to their low cost, high speed and ease of construction (assembly), as well as due to relatively good operating parameters and seismic stability.

In such houses, reinforced concrete or timber is used. Its purpose is to provide the structure with strong support and load-bearing structures. To ensure insulation, a variety of heaters are used, which are subsequently covered with finishing materials.

Because the frame houses quite light and elastic, they do not require a strong foundation. Shrinkage will be insignificant, and therefore finishing can be done immediately after the construction of the structure.

Panel houses are built from prefabricated panels, which are stuffed with special insulation materials. From the outside, the house is finished special tiles facade type.

Significant disadvantages of frame houses include:

low sound insulation and vibration isolation;
possible voids in which pests may appear;
destruction of insulation, which harms the health of residents.
requirements for the height of the house - no more than 2 floors.

Construction of log houses

Wood is an environmentally friendly, radio and magnetically transparent material, which is often used in the construction of houses. In summer, wood absorbs moisture in the air and dries it.

And in winter, when it dries, it evaporates moisture, softening the air in the rooms. However, this effect persists for several years, until the wood dries out and loses these properties. And increased absorption of moisture can lead to damage to the material.

When a decision is made to build a house from rounded logs or profiled timber, it is necessary to plan additional processing of seams and joints after the tree has dried and shrinked.

A wooden house needs constant care. Necessary permanent residence in the building to heat it and dry it in a timely manner. Otherwise, the risk of rotting and the occurrence of mold and fungi increases. Therefore, wood is treated with special antibacterial compounds, as well as fire-fighting solutions.

Wooden houses can be built on difficult ground, do not require a strong foundation. In addition, frost resistance and maintaining a stable temperature regime are ensured.

BUT essential condition to ensure long-term operation of the house is quality roofing with a high base, which will prevent leakage and getting wet.

The considered advantages and disadvantages of various structural solutions for the house are decisive when choosing a construction method.

If you are planning a long-term residence, then you need to opt for a stone structure with external insulation. best solution for a bathhouse and a summer house is wooden beam. The choice is yours based on your budget and desired layout.

Photos of the best buildings of private houses

Even in the tale of the three little pigs, the most important and always relevant idea is raised about the correct choice of building material for the house. A fairy tale is a fairy tale, but many of us, like the heroes of a famous work, want to build a solid, reliable home with minimal effort. However, today it is quite possible to do this thanks to the development construction technologies. However, there are so many different wall materials that the developer has to rack his brains when deciding which material is better to build a house from. Brick, aerated concrete, wood, sandwich panels - which is better, more reliable, more durable and warmer?

The cost of building walls at home is up to 40% of the cost of all work, so it is so important to weigh the many pros and cons of each material in order to accept the only the right decision. It is also necessary to take into account the seasonality of living in the house, the requirements for thermal insulation, the cost of the fuel used for heating, as well as the labor intensity of the work and the budget allocated for construction. Today there are a lot of materials for building a house - finding the one that most accurately meets the needs is not a problem.

No. 1. Wooden house

The most conservative and traditional material for building a house is wood. Its undeniable advantages include:

Minuses:

high fire hazard, even despite the fact that today special impregnations are used in the production of timber;
the tree is sensitive to moisture and pests, they are also trying to fight it, but without constant care, the material will be constantly damaged;
shrinkage;
high price.

Glued profiled timber

No. 2. Brick house

Another classic and time-tested material for building a house is. Despite the emergence of mass alternative materials, he will stay the most popular material for the construction of low-rise private houses, and there are many reasons for that.

pros:

high durability and strength;
inertness to rodents, insects and;
resistance to fire;
the material is breathable;
brick allows you to translate into reality a project of any complexity.

Minuses:

For the construction of a 2- or 3-storey house enough strength brick M100 or M125, but ground floor it is better to build from bricks M150-M175. It is also necessary to take into account the frost resistance of bricks, which is determined by the cycles of freezing and thawing, which the material can withstand without losing its basic properties. If for warm regions it is quite possible to use brick F15-30, then for middle lane it is better to take material with frost resistance F50, and for the most severe regions - F100. After the construction of the house, he is given some time to dry. Brick walls are usually trimmed.

By filling, bricks are divided into:

For the construction of walls, only two types of bricks are used:

silicate (white).

Ideally, it is better to build from plastic-formed ceramic bricks. It is made from high-quality clay by extrusion. Ceramic bricks of dry and semi-dry formation due to the high geometry accuracy are mainly used for cladding. differs in durability, good sound insulation and durability.

silicate brick produced on the basis of sand and lime, it is cheaper than ceramic, but more fragile, has little variety, lower thermal insulation and low moisture resistance.

Number 3. Aerated concrete houses

Lightweight concrete blocks - the most promising material to build a house from all existing at the moment. Of all stone materials, cellular concrete is different best performance for thermal insulation. Due to the fact that the block has large sizes(replaces 17-20 single bricks), the construction of buildings is carried out quickly. In terms of strength and durability, the material is practically not inferior to brick. The cellular concretes are aerated concrete, foam concrete,, but the first two have acquired the greatest distribution in private construction.

House made of aerated concrete (gas block)

cinder block house

No. 4. Frame house

No. 5. Houses made of reinforced concrete panels

Another option for quick construction is the technology of building houses from prefabricated factory ones. A low-rise house can be built in a few days! The technology resembles that which was so actively used in the Soviet Union for the rapid construction of millions square meters housing.

pros:

Minuses:

a solid foundation is needed;
a small number of offers on the market (few companies cast slabs for the created project - elements of typical sizes are usually made);
such a house "does not breathe";
Concrete does not hold heat well.

When you need to quickly build a reliable and durable house of decent size, then this is one of the the best options, especially since today it is possible to cast panels of strictly necessary shapes and sizes in order to erect a building according to.

When choosing a material for building a house, it is important to take into account the climate, the type of soil, the future heating system, and many other factors. But even the highest quality building material can disappoint if the construction technology is violated or the foundation is laid incorrectly, so these points should be given no less importance.

Every good owner sooner or later faces some kind of construction. Someone is building a garage, someone is building a bathhouse, and some are aiming at independent construction big mansion. Here the question arises as to which material is better to choose for building a house.

The main stages of construction include pouring the foundation, as well as erecting walls. For any owner, it is important that the aesthetic appearance of the structure is high level, the walls were warm, strong, and in general, the cost of building materials was not very high.

The most popular materials for building a house

Modern construction market rich and varied. Let's take a closer look at the top five most popular building materials for building a house.

One-piece profiled beam.
The log is rounded.
Brick.
Foam blocks.
Thermal panels.

What to give preference? Each owner makes this decision independently, but for this it is worth studying all the pros and cons of each of the materials.

Wood

Wooden building materials for building a house have become very popular in our time. Wooden walls have low thermal conductivity, but stable heat capacity. Even if the house has not been heated for some time, with the stove in operation, the resulting condensate will be absorbed into the wood. After that, the already heated air draws moisture, and a special, favorable microclimate is created in the room. Coniferous species (pine, spruce, fir, larch, cedar) are often used in construction. In addition to the popular solid profiled timber, round logs are used, glued, ordinary timber, carriage.

Solid profiled beam

Material that has undergone special processing. In the profiled beam, the content of wood resin is very high, thanks to which the structures made of it are durable and are not exposed to aggressive environmental influences.

Back in the last century, when choosing finishing and building materials, rarely did anyone stop at a profiled beam. During the construction of the walls, manual adjustment was required. Now thanks to modern technologies, the bars are processed on machines in such a way that they simply fit perfectly, the gaps between them are minimal.

This eco-friendly material is not too expensive. The walls keep the heat inside for a long time, they can be built in a matter of days. Smooth, machined beams allow you to assemble a house, like puzzles.

rounded log

When studying building materials for building a house, pay attention to round logs. Like timber, this building material is made from conifers. Unlike the first one, the rounded log allows you to build buildings that are more durable, all this is due to the shape of the material. The construction of round logs is also carried out in a short time.

Brick

The most popular building material for building walls is brick. Brick buildings are outwardly quite acceptable, they are very strong in strength, durable, and also environmentally friendly.

silicate brick. This building material is very common. Buildings made of such bricks can last for decades.

Clay brick. It has always been considered a symbol of something stable, indestructible. Such a brick has increased strength, frost resistance, resistance to aggressive weathering. However, the thermal performance of such a building material does not always meet expectations.

The construction of reliable buildings requires high-quality building materials. Brick factories offer a wide range of their products, which can be divided into three categories:

Solid bricks, these include the following types: conditionally effective, ordinary, effective.
Hollow bricks, the share of voids in them reaches 40%. Facing products also fall into this category.
as well as large-format stones-bricks. The high thermal conductivity of this category is ensured by the honeycomb-shaped structural material.

Disadvantages, advantages of brick

During transportation, especially over long distances, a small percentage of products lose their presentation, brick materials for the construction of the walls of the house crumble. Their cost, however, is very high.

The ability of a brick to retain heat is much less than that of a tree. Walls built from conditionally efficient or solid bricks always require additional insulation. This problem is solved by three options: ventilated facade - installation hinged system insulation, heat-insulating plaster system, as well as three-layer walls with a heat layer.

The brick house is comfortable for living. This design "breathes", provides air exchange, and at the same time has active thermal inertia. warmed up, brick walls keep heat for a long time and gradually release it into the room.

Foam blocks

If you need high-quality and at the same time inexpensive building materials for building a house, then pay attention to the foam blocks.

Foam blocks are characterized by such qualities as heat resistance, high strength, low weight. Sudden temperature changes do not affect the walls erected from foam blocks. They do not crack or expand. There are many air bubbles inside the block, which increase the effect of thermal insulation. For comparison: foam concrete walls have a thermal conductivity eight times higher than conventional concrete walls. The material is good not only for the construction of the main walls, but also for internal floors. Thanks to this, the whole structure perfectly retains heat. Foam concrete structures do not require additional insulation. Heating costs are significantly reduced, by about 30%.

Advantages of concrete structures

Thanks to low weight there is a decrease in pressure on the foundation.
Savings in finishing. Enough ordinary putty walls, plaster is not required.
Reducing labor intensity. One 15 kg foam block replaces 20 bricks, the total weight of which is 80 kg.
Cellular foam concrete blocks have excellent soundproofing properties.
Brick factories produce such building materials in sufficient volumes. The popularity of foam blocks is growing every day.
By environmental friendliness given material resembles a tree. Indoor supported optimal humidity, the walls breathe. Unlike wood, blocks do not rot, burn, or rust like metal.
Foam concrete is often used as a heat insulator, it can withstand high temperature(up to +400 degrees).
The blocks are very easy to work with conventional hand tools.

Disadvantages of foam concrete

When we choose materials for the walls of the house, we try to study not only the advantages, but also their inherent disadvantages, foam concrete also has them. These include:

Brittleness of the material.
Every three rows of walls must be reinforced.
Foam concrete quickly absorbs moisture, which somewhat reduces thermal conductivity.
To avoid dampness, it is necessary to create waterproofing, moisture-resistant protection between the foundation and walls.
Vapor permeability of foam concrete. Vapor barrier required.

Frame thermal panels

If you need inexpensive building materials for building a house, then you should pay attention to frame thermal panels. The advantages of this material include low thermal conductivity, relative strength and fast assembly. Minus - the lack of naturalness.

Thermal panels today are very often used for finishing frame-panel houses. Their design consists of extruded polystyrene foam (in the role of a heat-insulating substrate) and high operational properties allow the use of thermal panels in the construction of houses using Canadian technologies. To the most important characteristics of this facade material, which provided a wide demand, of course, is the lack of moisture absorption, low thermal conductivity, high compressive strength and impact, resistance to fire and any biological attack. The material is easy to install and use.

Finishing and for building walls at home must comply with all modern requirements, then the design will delight the owners for many years. Frame thermal panels provide an attractive, aesthetic, solid appearance to the building. It is for this reason that this material is very often used for the construction of cottages. built according to Canadian technology, finished with clinker panels, has the appearance of a smooth, flawless brickwork.

If the building is lined with thermal panels, heat losses are immediately reduced by 30%, all this thanks to the substrate, which consists of extruded polystyrene foam. Clinker tiles are connected to the insulation under high pressure super strong adhesive. Finest cutting expanded polystyrene sheet allows you to make high-quality tight docking. In order for the facade to take on a finished look, in addition to the main panels, you can purchase various additional elements to neatly arrange the corners.

We have presented the most common building materials on the market today. How and what material to choose for building a house, to give preference to price, naturalness, aesthetic qualities or technical specifications, you decide.