What are the fruits of coniferous plants. Properties of coniferous wood. Fir: description with photo

Among the plants that adorn our gardens, conifers occupy a special place. They give the garden a noble look and decorate it all year round. They are loved because they are very decorative and set the tone in many compositions. But, conifers are especially popular in winter - on the eve of the New Year. They look spectacular in New Year's decoration in our apartments, under snow caps in large parks and squares, and in very small areas.

As regards the planted coniferous plants, then we can say that the sympathies of gardeners are almost evenly distributed among various types of spruces, pines, thujas, junipers and larches. All of them can be called centenarians, many of them live even more than one hundred years.

Almost all coniferous plants are evergreen. Only some of them, for example, larch, sheds needles for the winter. All the rest update their needles gradually. Once every few years, old needles fall off, and new young green needles appear in their place.

The variety of coniferous plants allows gardeners to choose the most suitable tree or shrub for their garden.

The following advantages of conifers make them very popular in landscape gardening:

• They tolerate the lack of light and moisture well.
• Many varieties naturally have correct form and therefore do not need a haircut
• Due to the medicinal coniferous aroma, they are widely used in folk and official medicine.
• Due to the variety of types and forms, they are actively used in landscape compositions in areas of any size

If you decide to plant a coniferous plant on your site, you need to approach the choice very carefully.

Key questions to ask yourself:

• What do you want to plant - a tree or a shrub
• Is the composition ready for the conifer
• Have you taken into account your climatic conditions and soil composition on the site

coniferous plants go well, in particular with cereals, with roses, etc. If the answers are ready, you can start selecting the variety, type and shape of the coniferous plant.

Types of coniferous plants

Spruce

Evergreen monoecious and wind-pollinated plant. To his Latin name(lat. Picea) spruce is due to the high content of resin in the wood. Wide application in industry due to the softness of wood and the absence of a core.

Spruce- perhaps the most beloved and common coniferous tree in our country. These beautiful slender trees with a pyramidal crown occupy one of the first places in the coniferous kingdom and have almost 50 plant species in their genus.

The largest number of spruce species grows in Western and Central China and in the northern hemisphere. In Russia, 8 types of spruce are well known.

Spruce is considered a fairly shade-tolerant plant, however, it still prefers good lighting. Her root system is superficial, i.e. close to the ground. Therefore, the earth at the roots is not dug up. Spruce is demanding on soil fertility, loves light loamy and sandy loamy soils.

Types of fir trees successfully used in landscaping the site:

Sometimes reaches 40 meters. fast growing tree. Due to the special color of the needles - the top is a brilliant dark green, and the bottom - with noticeable white stripes - it gives the impression that the tree is bluish-green. Brown-purple buds give the plant a special charm and elegance.

Serbian spruce looks great, both in a single and in a group planting. great example serve magnificent alleys in the parks.

There are dwarf varieties with a height of no more than 2 meters.

(Picea obovata). On the territory of our country, it grows in Western and Eastern Siberia, the Far East and the Urals.

A coniferous tree up to 30 m high. The crown is dense, wide-conical, with a pointed top. The bark is fissured, gray. Cones ovoid-cylindrical, brown. It has several subtypes that differ in the color of the needles - from pure green to silver and even golden.

European spruce, or common (Picea abies). The maximum height of a coniferous tree is 50 m. It can live up to 300 years. This is a slender tree with a dense pyramidal crown. Norway spruce is considered the most common tree in Europe. The width of the trunk of an old tree can reach 1 m. Mature cones spruce- oblong-cylindrical shape. They ripen in autumn in October, and their seeds begin to fall from January to April. European spruce is considered the fastest growing. So, in a year it can grow by 50 cm.

Thanks to breeding work, several very ornamental varieties of this kind. Among them there are weeping, compact, pin-shaped spruces. All of them are very popular in landscape gardening and are widely used in park compositions and as hedges.

Spruce, like any other coniferous plant, becomes especially beautiful with the advent of winter. Any shade of needles effectively emphasizes the snow cover, and the garden looks elegant and noble.

In addition to the above types of spruce, prickly, oriental, black, Canadian, Ayan spruce are popular with gardeners.

The genus of pine consists of more than 100 names. These conifers are distributed throughout almost the entire Northern Hemisphere. Also, pine grows well in the composition of forests in Asia and North America. Artificially planted pine plantations feel good in the southern hemisphere of our planet. It is much more difficult for this coniferous tree to take root in the conditions of the city.

It tolerates frost and drought well. But the pine does not really like the lack of light. This coniferous plant gives good annual growth. The dense crown of pine is very decorative, and therefore pine is successfully used in landscaping parks and gardens, both in single planting and in group planting. This conifer prefers sandy, calcareous and rocky soils. Although there are several types of pine that prefer fertile soils, these are Weymouth, Wallich, cedar and resinous pine.

Some properties of pine are simply amazing. For example, the peculiarity of its bark delights, when the bark below is much thicker than the one above. This makes us once again think about the wisdom of nature. After all, it is this property that protects the tree from summer overheating and a possible ground fire.

Another feature is how the tree prepares in advance for the winter period. After all, the evaporation of moisture in frost can destroy the plant. Therefore, as soon as the cold approaches, the pine needles are covered with a thin layer of wax, and the stomata close. Those. pine stops breathing!

Scotch pine. It is rightfully considered a symbol of the Russian forest. In height, the tree reaches 35-40 meters, and therefore it is deservedly called a tree of the first magnitude. The circumference of the trunk sometimes reaches 1 meter. Pine needles are dense, bluish-green. The shape is different - sticking out, curved, and even collected in bunches of 2 needles.

The life expectancy of needles is 3 years. With the onset of autumn, the needles turn yellow and fall off.

Pine cones, as a rule, are located 1-3 pieces on legs. Ripe cones are brown or brown in color and reach a length of 6 cm.

AT adverse conditions Scotch pine may stop growing and remain a "dwarf". Surprisingly, different instances can have a different root system. For example, in arid soils, a pine tree may develop a taproot that extracts water deep underground. And in conditions of high occurrence ground water lateral roots develop.

The life expectancy of Scots pine can reach 200 years. There are cases in history when a pine lived for 400 years.

Scotch pine is considered fast growing. For a year, its growth can be 50-70 cm. This coniferous tree begins to bear fruit from the age of 15. In the conditions of the forest and dense planting - only after 40 years.

The Latin name is Pinus mugo. This is a multi-stemmed coniferous tree, reaching a height of 10-20 meters. Dwarf varieties - 40-50 cm. Trunks - semi-lodging and ascending. In adulthood, it can reach a diameter of 3 m. A very decorative coniferous plant.

The needles are dark, long, often curved. The bark is brownish-gray, scaly. Cones ripen in the 3rd year.

To date, more than 100 varieties of mountain pine have been registered. And this number is increasing every year. In landscape gardening, dwarf varieties are especially used, which form beautiful compositions along the banks of reservoirs and in rocky gardens.

Magnificent view with a narrow pyramidal crown. Homeland - North America. In our country grows well in southern and middle lane. Grows up to 10 meters. It does not tolerate urban conditions very well. Especially at a young age, it often freezes slightly. Prefers places protected from the winds. Therefore, yellow pine is best planted in groups.

The needles are dark and long. The bark is thick, reddish-brown, cracking into large plates. cones ovoid almost sessile. In total, there are about 10 varieties of yellow pine.

A very showy variety of pine. Homeland - North America. The needles have a blue-green tint. The cones are large and somewhat curved. An adult tree can reach a height of more than 30 meters. It is considered a long-liver, as it can live up to 400 years. As it grows, it changes its crown from narrow-pyramidal to wide-pyramidal. It acquired its name thanks to the English Lord Weymouth, who brought it home from North America in the 18th century.

It does not tolerate salty soils and. It is relatively resistant to frost, but does not like winds. Weymouth pine is characterized by reddish pubescence on young shoots.

A relatively low coniferous plant - up to 20 m high. This is a slow-growing tree. The bark is light gray, lamellar. The needles are bright green, hard, curved. Cones are yellowish, shiny, long. The diameter of the crown can reach 5-6 meters.

Some experts consider it Geldreich's pine. Indeed, the resemblance is great. However, since there are varieties under both names, we will still focus on whitebark pine. To date, about 10 varieties of this species are known. Approximately the same number of Geldreich's pines. Often varieties can be mixed.

This type of pine in the conditions of our country takes root best in the southern regions, as it does not tolerate frost well. Whitebark pine is photophilous, it is undemanding to the nutritional composition of the soil, but it grows better on moderately moist, drained and moderately alkaline soils.

Looks good in a Japanese, rocky and heather garden. Great for both solitary planting and mixed group.

Fir

Tall (up to 60 m) coniferous tree with a conical crown. A bit like a spruce. It can be up to 2 meters in diameter. This is a real long-lived plant. Some specimens live 400-700 years. The trunk of a fir is straight, columnar. The crown is thick. At a young age, the fir crown has a cone-shaped or pyramidal shape. As they grow older, the shape of the crown becomes cylindrical.

Needles, depending on the variety, have different length and live 8-10 years. Fir begins to bear fruit from the age of about 30 years. Cones are erect and long (up to 25 cm).

This coniferous plant does not tolerate frost, drought and great heat. The pluses include the fact that this is the most shade-tolerant tree. Sometimes shoots can appear under the mother tree in full shading. With good lighting, firs naturally grow better.

This coniferous plant is a real find in landscape gardening. Fir is used both in a single planting and for decorating alleys. Dwarf forms look great in a rocky garden and on an alpine hill.

Botanical name Abies balsamea "Nana". This coniferous plant is a dwarf cushion tree. Naturally grows in North America.

In care unpretentious. He likes good lighting, but he also tolerates shade well. For balsam fir, not so much frost is terrible as strong gusty winds that can simply damage a small tree. The soil prefers light, moist, fertile, slightly acidic. It reaches a height of 1 m, which makes it a favorite decorative object in landscape gardening. It is equally good for decorating a garden, landscaping terraces, slopes and roofs.

Propagated by seeds and annual cuttings with an apical bud.

The needles are dark green with a special reflection. Exudes a characteristic resinous aroma. Cones are red-brown, elongated, reach a length of 5-10 cm.

It is a very slow growing coniferous plant. For 10 years, it grows no more than 30 cm. It lives up to 300 years.

Fir Nordmann (or Caucasian). An evergreen coniferous tree that came to us from the mountains of the Caucasus and Asia Minor. Sometimes it grows up to 60-80 meters in height. The shape of the crown is a neat cone-shaped. It is for this neat appearance that gardeners love Nordmann fir.

It is she who is dressed up instead of a Christmas tree for the New Year holidays in many European countries. This is largely due to the structure of the branches - the branches are often located and raised up. This is a distinctive feature of the Nordmann fir.

The needles are dark green with some sheen. Young shoots are light green, even yellowish. Needles - from 15 to 40 mm, look very fluffy. If the needles are lightly rubbed between the fingers, you can feel a specific citrus aroma.

The trunk of an adult plant can reach a diameter of two meters. At a young age, the bark of the Caucasian fir is grayish-brown, smooth. As it matures, it cracks into segments and becomes matte.

Nordmann fir is growing quite fast. Under favorable conditions, this coniferous tree can live up to 600-700 years. Moreover, the increase in height and width continues to the very last day life!

Depending on the type of soil, the root system can be either superficial or deep with a central core. The cones of this fir are large, up to 20 cm, arranged vertically on a short stem.

It has a unique property - the needles on the branches remain even after they have dried, up to mechanical damage.

A coniferous evergreen plant belonging to the Cypress family. It can be both a tree and a shrub. Common juniper (Juniperus communis) grows mainly in the Northern Hemisphere of our planet. However, in Africa you can also find your own juniper - East African. In the Mediterranean and Central Asia, this plant forms juniper forests. Quite common undersized species that creep along the ground and rocky slopes.

To date, more than fifty species of juniper are known.

As a rule, it is a photophilous and drought-resistant culture. Absolutely undemanding to soils and temperatures. However, like any plant, it has its own preferences - for example, it develops better in light and nutritious soil.

Like all conifers, it belongs to centenarians. Its average life expectancy is about 500 years.

The needles of the juniper are bluish-green in color, triangular, pointed at the ends. Cones are spherical, gray or of blue color. Rod root.

This coniferous plant was attributed and magical properties. For example, it was believed that a juniper wreath scares away evil spirits and brings good luck. Perhaps that is why in Europe there was a fashion to hang wreaths on the eve of the new year.

In landscape design, both juniper trees and shrubs are widely used. Group plantings are good for creating hedges. Single plants also do an excellent job with the main role in the composition. Low-growing creeping varieties are often used as ground cover plants. They strengthen slopes well and prevent soil erosion. In addition, juniper lends itself well to a haircut.

Scaly juniper (Juniperus squamata)- creeping shrub. Thick branches with the same dense needles look very decorative.

Evergreen coniferous plant. Has the appearance of trees or shrubs. Depending on the genus and species, it differs in color, quality of needles, crown shape, height and life expectancy. Representatives of some species live up to 150 years. At the same time, there are specimens - true centenarians, who live up to almost 1000 years!

In landscape gardening, thuja is considered one of the basic plants, and like any conifer, it is good both in group planting and as a solo plant. It is used to decorate alleys, hedges and borders.

The most common types of thuja are western, eastern, giant, Korean, Japanese, etc.

Thuja needles are soft needle-shaped. At young plant the needles have a light green color. With age, the needles acquire a darker shade. The fruits are oval or oblong cones. Seeds ripen in the first year.

Thuja is famous for its unpretentiousness. She tolerates frost well, and is not capricious in care. Unlike other conifers, it tolerates gas pollution in large cities well. Therefore, it is indispensable in urban gardening.

Larches

Coniferous plants with needles falling down for the winter. This partly explains its name. These are large, light-loving and winter-hardy plants that grow quickly, are undemanding to soils and tolerate air pollution well.

Larch trees are especially beautiful in early spring and late autumn. In spring, larch needles acquire a soft green hue, and in autumn - bright yellow. Since the needles grow every year, its needles are very soft.

Larch fructifies from 15 years. Cones have an ovoid-conical shape, somewhat reminiscent of a rose flower. They reach a length of 6 cm. Young cones are purple in color. As they mature, they turn brown.

Larch- long-lived tree. Some of them live up to 800 years. The plant develops most intensively in the first 100 years. These are tall and slender trees, reaching 25-80 meters in height depending on the species and conditions.

In addition, larch is very useful tree. It has a very hard and durable wood. In the industry, its red core is in the greatest demand. Also, larch is valued in traditional medicine. Folk healers harvest its young shoots, buds and larch resin, from which "Venetian" turpentine (turpentine) is obtained, which is used for many diseases. The bark is harvested throughout the summer and used as a vitamin remedy.

Photo of coniferous plants

Enjoy the beauty of nature with us

When creating landscape design, coniferous plants are actively used. evergreen shrubs, trees look attractive at any time of the year. They are unpretentious, you do not have to spend a lot of time and effort on caring for them. With the help of coniferous crops, you can decorate any site by creating a unique design.

Coniferous plants for a garden and a summer residence

Evergreen shrubs and trees are considered unpretentious, but each of the species needs to create the most suitable conditions for growth and development. When choosing, you need to pay attention to the size of the plants and the rules for placing on personal plot.

Tall

In large gardens, parks or adjoining areas, tall coniferous plants look spectacular. If there is little space, then the tree can become the center of the composition. Other plants are placed around it so that a harmonious ensemble is created.

When disembarking tall species It must be borne in mind that plants will eventually occupy a large area. Their root system grows well. There will be shade from tall trees, so shade-loving crops are planted next to them.

Ate Hoopsii (Hoopsii)

Popular types of tall conifers include blue spruce. The Hupsi variety is valued for its attractive appearance and predictable growth. When planting, you can immediately guess what size the spruce will be in a few years. Upon reaching the age of 30, the height of the spruce will be 10 m, and the crown will grow to 4 m in diameter. Spruce grows up to 15 m in height and 5 in diameter.

When planting, preference should be given to sunny areas. The needles of the Hupsi spruce are prickly and thick, and the shoots are strong and flexible. The needles grow up to 3 cm long. The branches are covered with a dense layer of silver-blue needles. Many note the special attraction of this tree in late spring and early summer, when young light blue twigs appear.

Spruce varieties Hupsi differ:

• love for sunny areas;
• frost resistance;
• good adaptive abilities;
• unpretentiousness to soil mixtures.

The soil in which spruces grow should be periodically fertilized. When forming landscape design, experts recommend shading Hupsi with an emerald-colored lawn. Such spruces are well combined with weeping species of deciduous trees and shrubs.

Spruce Hupsi tolerates haircuts well

A slow growing conifer that many people like is Korean fir. Under natural conditions, mature trees grow to a height of up to 12 m. Distinctive characteristics:

• the presence of soft dense needles, the edges of which are rounded;
• the length of the needles reaches 2 cm;
• on top the needles are glossy, bright green, 2 silvery longitudinal stripes are visible below;
• cones are arranged vertically, they begin to grow on young trees, whose height is 1–1.2 m;
• young cones have a violet-purple color, with time their color changes to dark brown.

The tree is demanding on the level of moisture and soil fertility. In the first years of life, it is recommended for him to create partial shade, in more adulthood it can also grow in open areas.

Korean fir belongs to shade-tolerant plants

The columnar Serbian spruce can grow up to 45 m in height. Upon reaching the age of 10, a coniferous tree grows up to 10 m, the diameter during this period is 2 m. Its branches are short, the lower ones are inclined to the ground.

The branches are covered with flattened dark green needles. On the underside, 2 stripes of a bluish-white hue are visible on them. Cones are blue-black, in maturity their color changes to brown.

Serbian spruce is unpretentious in terms of growing conditions, it is distinguished by good frost resistance and relative smoke and gas resistance. For normal growth, the development of the plant needs regular watering, but it tolerates dry periods better than ordinary spruce.

This coniferous tree is classified as shade-tolerant. It is used in group and single landings.

Serbian spruce is best planted on loamy soils.

Tuya Smaragd (Smaragd)

Popular with landscape designers is the thuja variety Smaragd. Its height reaches 5 m, while the diameter does not exceed 1–1.5 m. Smaragd is a coniferous tree with a regular cone-shaped crown, and the branches grow vertically.

Thuja is a slow growing tree. In a year, she adds no more than 20 cm in height and 5 cm in width.

It is not difficult to care for Smaragd thujas, but they require constant watering, it is undesirable to allow the soil to dry out. If the plant is in sunny areas, then the crown will be dense, and the needles will be bright. In shaded areas, it can grow, but the crown will become more rare.

The needles of thuja Smaragd are shiny, bright green

Juniper Skyrocket

The skyrocket is known as the pencil tree. The plant reaches a height of 6–8 m, and does not exceed 1 m in width. Its shape is columnar, narrow. The branches of this type of juniper grow vertically. The needles of the plant are gray-blue in color, it can be needle-shaped or scaly.

Skyrocket is planted in small household plots. When choosing a place for growing, it is better to give preference open areas well lit by the sun.

You can also grow juniper in areas with a deficit nutrients

Dwarf

With the help of small plants, you can make a unique landscape design even in a small area. Traditionally, they are placed along the paths, in the corners of home gardens with a lawn, or used as an element of complex compositions.

Compacta Glauca Pine (Compacta Glauca)

Dwarf cedar pine is great for landscape design. The main characteristics include the following:

• when grown in the middle lane, the height does not exceed 3 cm, the width is 1.5 m;
• the needles are bluish-green in color, the needles are 8–9 cm long;
• branches grow densely, they are directed upwards.

When creating heather, stone gardens, the Compact Glauka dwarf pine is used. Plants look good Alpine rollercoaster and in lawn plantings. The specified type of pine is best grown on moderately acidic and moderately moist soils.

When planting pine trees, preference should be given to well-lit, sunny areas.

mountain pine

Two types of pines are popular with homeowners.

Winter Gold is a hemispherical pine. Her crown is squat, on the sides it is unevenly developed. needles in the summer mountain pine light green, and in winter it acquires a yellow-golden color. At the age of 10, the height of the plant is 0.5 m, and the diameter of the crown is 1 m.

The Ophir variety has a regular rounded shape. But after a few years of growth, the pine can become a little lopsided and more spreading. Adult 10-year-old plants are usually no more than 0.5 m in height, and they can be about 1 m in diameter.

No less popular is the variety of mountain pine Mini Mops. It is used for decorating areas. Pine grows very slowly, the annual growth is 2 cm. Upon reaching the age of 10, the height of the conifer does not exceed 40 cm. Mini Pug needles are dark green in color, young shoots are light green in color. From the branches a flattened - spherical crown is formed.

The Mini Pug plant is light-loving, it can tolerate a little shading, but with a constant lack of sunlight, its growth deteriorates, the tree may dry out. Pine is undemanding to soils, it grows even on soils with a lack of nutrients. It tolerates frost and wind well.

Gardeners, if desired, can form a crown of a mountain pine, the plant tolerates haircuts well

El Barry (Barryi)

Popular slow-growing species include the common Barry spruce. Young people undersized plants the crown has a rounded shape. Over time, the branches grow to the sides. By the age of 30, the spruce becomes about 2 m in height.

The needles of the Barry variety are dark green, brown-orange young shoots appear in spring. Spruce is shade-tolerant, it can be safely planted in shaded areas. Coniferous tree takes root better and grows on loamy and sandy loamy well-drained soils.

Excessive waterlogging of the soil is harmful to Barry spruce

Tuya Danica (Danica)

In dachas and plots near private houses, many plant evergreen thuja. Variety Danica is one of the most common. The plant is spherical in shape. At the age of 10 years, its diameter is 0.4 m. The maximum size of adult shrubs is 0.8 m in height and 1 m in diameter.

To distinctive features Tui Danica include:

• the needles are shiny, bright, dark green;
• cones rounded, Brown color, size 8–12 mm;
• the needles have a flat scaly shape, it is located vertically;
• the root system is superficial, there are several deep roots.

Tui can grow without problems in partial shade and in the sun.

In brightly lit areas, thuja will be brighter and denser

Spruce Conica (Conica)

Thanks to the attractive appearance Many people plant Konik spruce in their dachas and gardens. The variety is distinguished by a fluffy, dense crown, an ideal conical shape, which is obtained naturally without haircuts.

View features:

• under natural conditions, Konika grows up to 3-4 m, when planted in parks, gardens, in summer cottages - up to 2 m;
• light green soft spruce needles, needles no more than 1 cm long;
• annual growth about 6–10 cm high, 3–5 cm wide;
• spruces should be planted in sunny places; in the first years after planting, it is recommended to shade the plants on the south side with white spunbond;
• grows well on neutral and slightly acidic soils with plenty of moisture, but reacts badly to waterlogging.

landscape designers Konik spruces are often planted in the foreground, they look good when placed alone and in groups.

Spruce has a small growth due to strong branching and a small distance from one internode to another.

Creeping

Creeping plants are often used as a decorative element in rocky gardens. With their help, you can add volume to landscape flower beds.

Juniper Wilton (Wilton)

In flower arrangements in summer cottages, garden plots, many add horizontal junipers. Variety Wilton spreads with a low cover on the ground. At the age of 10 years, it rises above the ground by no more than 15 cm. In breadth, it can grow by 2–3 m. The needles of the juniper Wilton are silver-blue in color.

Wilton is one of the varieties that can be safely grown in an urban environment. It is undemanding to the composition of the soil, frost-resistant and tolerates temporary droughts.

It can be planted as a single plant or in group plantings. Wilton looks good in rockeries, rock gardens. This species looks spectacular if its branches hang from retaining walls.

Juniper Plumosa (Plumosa)

The Chinese variety of juniper Plumosa is creeping. But it reaches a height of 30–50 cm. The plant spreads 2–2.5 m along the surface. Old branches lie on the ground, and young shoots rise from them at an angle of 45 °.

The branches of the juniper Plumosa are feather-like. The needles in summer and autumn are gray-green in color, in winter the needles acquire a purple hue. The variety belongs to the photophilous, but it grows well in shaded areas. In the shade, the color becomes light green. Juniper is undemanding to soils.

Junipers are suitable for acidic and alkaline soils.

Canadian hemlock

Hemlock is a conifer belonging to the pine family. Landscape designers like to use weeping hemlock species for individual or group plantings, which are located on rocky areas, near water bodies, in open areas.

Popular is the slow-growing hemlock variety Prostrate. It belongs to creeping cushion plants.

Variety characteristics:

• the needles are tender, small, green;
• annual growth up to 6 cm;
• at the age of 10 years, Canadian hemlock grows up to 50 cm in height, it spreads 1 m on the ground.

It is better to plant hemlock Prostrait in partial shade. She needs cool and high humidity. Heat, drought, the plant does not tolerate well. Moist soils, which are slightly acidic, are ideal for planting, it is important that they contain a large amount of nutrients.

El Loreley (Loreley)

Variety Lorelei refers to weeping species of ordinary spruce. Its trunk is arched, the lower branches spread along the ground. Creeping spruce becomes after grafting into the root collar. In height, the branches rise no more than 0.6 m, then the shoots descend and spread over the surface of the earth.

For planting, it is better to give preference to sunny areas, although spruce grows in partial shade. Soils should be drained, slightly moist, sandy and loamy soils are suitable.

When forming landscape design, it should be taken into account that the Lorelei spruce looks good in areas with varying heights.

Stagnation of moisture is harmful to spruce

Microbiota cross-pair (Decussate)

The cross-paired microbiota belongs to the cypress family. It can be grown in complex climatic conditions she is not afraid strong winds, rocky soils and shade. Branches in natural conditions can rise to a height of up to 1 m, but when grown in gardens, in summer cottages, its height usually does not exceed 60 cm.

On young shoots of the microbiota, the needles are needle-shaped, with time it becomes scaly. In summer, the needles are dark green, and in winter period color changes to copper brown. When planting a cross-pair microbiota, preference should be given to shady areas. The plant looks good in single plantings in the center of the lawn, in mixed compositions when planting along lawns, flower beds, slopes, coastal areas.

Microbiota shoots form a flattened shape with distinct tiers

Photo gallery: conifers in landscape design - site design ideas

Coniferous crops are actively used to create individual landscape design on the plots. When planting, it is necessary to take into account which soils plants prefer, how they relate to sunny and shaded areas. Only plants with the same care can be planted nearby. Coniferous compositions, with a properly formed design, will delight owners for many years.

In the pre-New Year's turmoil, people storm the Christmas tree markets. Of course, what is a holiday without the traditional "fluffy beauty"? The smell of pine needles brings peace, comfort, and a festive mood to the house. But most of us do not even suspect that one of the most popular New Year trees is not spruce at all, as is commonly believed, but its close relative, fir. Outwardly, these conifers are very similar, but upon closer examination, you can see a number of differences.

Description of spruce and fir

Spruce- an evergreen tree belonging to the pine family, the average height is 20-40 meters. Spruce has a pyramidal shape, a straight trunk, gray - brown bark. It is a "long-liver" and can reach the age of 500 years.

Fir also belongs to the genus of evergreens, height is about 40-60 meters. The symmetrical pyramidal shape of the fir makes it valuable as ornamental plant. It lives long enough, a fir is known that has reached 1300 years. Fir trees lack resin tunnels, which makes these trees unlike other conifers.

Spreading

Spruce mainly grows in the Northern Hemisphere. And if in the taiga it forms full-fledged spruce forests, then closer to the Central part of Europe it becomes part of mixed forests. Many species of spruce are named after the area of ​​growth, for example, Serbian spruce, Eastern spruce.

Due to the fact that fir is rather capricious and requires certain growing conditions, for example, high humidity and certain soil, it is less common in our forests than spruce. In addition, fir trees grow extremely slowly up to 10 years, though then their growth accelerates. This tree is common in the South of Primorsky Krai, North-East of China, North of the USA and Korea.

Needles and cones

Spruce needles are located spirally around the branch, the length can reach 2.5 centimeters, the needles have a tetrahedral shape.

thuja tree

If you clear the branch of needles, you can see the tuberculate surface of the shoot. Adherents of a “live” Christmas tree for the New Year holidays are well aware of how prickly the needles of the Christmas tree are. Spruce cones grow at the ends of branches and are egg-shaped.

Fir needles are long, up to 4.5 cm, flat, dark green with two white stripes, narrowed at the base. Its main property, which distinguishes it from other conifers, is softness and lack of causticity. The fir cones are also quite remarkable: they grow at the very top of the tree and are directed not down, but up.

Use of wood

Durable spruce wood is the second most used wood after pine. It is used in the construction of houses, the manufacture of furniture and even musical instruments such as violins. Thanks to white color wood, spruce - an indispensable raw material for the pulp and paper industry. In addition, spruce has healing properties, its needles are widely used in medicine as an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and analgesic.

Fir wood is also used to make paper. In construction and furniture production fir is not valued as highly as other conifers, due to brittleness and fragility. But due to the property of wood not to give food products odors, it is used in the manufacture of barrels for storing these very products. For medicinal purposes, "fir oil" is often used as a medicine against rheumatism and colds.

Conclusions TheDifference.ru

1. For ornamental crop production, fir is more advantageous due to its symmetrical shape and the absence of resin passages.
2. Due to the fact that fir is more demanding on growing conditions and grows slowly, its cultivation is more costly.
3. Fir needles are not prickly, wider and longer than spruce, and the cones grow up, not down, like spruce.
4. Spruce wood is more durable than fir wood, so it is used more often in furniture production and construction. Both fir and spruce are widely used in medicine and the production of medicines.

Thuja: planting and care, reproduction and types

A story about coniferous trees. Reflection. Yatskova O.A.

Senior educator MBDOU No. 316

Yatskova O.A.

Dear teachers and caring parents!

Kids, these are big whys. They constantly ask us interesting, sometimes difficult questions. And you don’t always know how to answer a child a particular question.

When my son was just a baby, he explored the world with great interest. And one day he heard the expression "coniferous trees", immediately without delay, asked what "coniferous trees" were. Of course, every adult knows what it is and what benefits it brings. It seems that I told my son everything. But just recently I found an amazing story for children "Coniferous Trees" (author's project "Children's Hour", 2012-2016), which will help any parent or teacher to explain very easily. I want to share this story with you.

Coniferous trees. Story for children.

Conifers are trees whose leaves are needle-shaped. They got their name - "coniferous" from the word "needles".

Thuja: an overview of the most interesting varieties

Needles are a lot of green needles covering the branches of trees.

Coniferous trees differ from other trees in that their leaves do not fall for the winter, while all of our deciduous trees remain for the coldest time of the year with bare branches.

The needles of coniferous trees are not eternal, they change, but this happens gradually, almost imperceptibly. Replacement takes place sometimes within a year, sometimes every two or three years...

And since the branches of coniferous trees are of unequal age, the leaves from them fall off at different periods. Therefore, a significant part of the needles is always stored for the winter, and the trees remain constantly green.

Coniferous trees differ from deciduous trees in that their seeds are formed in large woody cones.

The most common of our coniferous trees are spruce and pine. Their leaves are narrow, spiny, and unlike those of most other trees.

In addition to spruce and pine, conifers also include larch, fir, cedar, juniper, sequoia, yew, cypress.

Coniferous trees, due to the rigidity of their needles, do not serve as a source of food for the animal world.

In the coniferous forest, only a few plant species can grow due to the lack of sunlight. They are always cold.

In relation to coniferous trees, the expression "most-most" is often used. The oldest tree tall tree, the thickest tree - all these champions among trees are representatives of the coniferous kingdom.

The main types of conifers

Coniferous plants belong to a large and ancient group of gymnosperms, only cycads and ferns are more ancient. Coniferous trees have more than 560 species. These plants are found all over the world, growing both in the hot tropics and beyond the Arctic Circle.

Coniferous trees are quite diverse: conical firs, fluffy pines, spreading spruces, creeping junipers are an integral part of coniferous mixborders, hedges, borders, alleys, rocky gardens. There is nothing to be surprised here endless source are varieties of all conifers.

Evergreen large beautiful tree always attracts the eye, because it is the most prominent component of any garden.

Thank you for your attention!

Topic:"Deciduous and coniferous plants." (Grade 1) for children with disabilities

Bernikova Lyubov Vladimirovna, primary school teacher.

C ate a lesson:-introduce the variety of coniferous plants;

To teach by needles to determine the type of tree;

- foster respect for nature.

During the classes.

Repetition of what has been learned.

1. Teacher. -What changes in nature occurred with the advent of autumn? How do plants prepare for winter?

Consider pictures. Try to determine the time of year from different trees.

What are trees with leaves called? Choose the correct answer:

(coniferous, deciduous)

- What is leaf fall?

Leaf fall - adaptation of plants to the harsh conditions of winter

Why do trees need leaf fall?

Tree protection from winter drought. (leaves evaporate a lot of moisture)

Ridding the tree of toxic substances from the earth and air.

Protection of thin and fragile branches from the weight of falling snow.

New topic.

What are plants that have needles called?

Compare leaf blade and needles.

What is the difference? What coniferous trees do you know?

Acquaintance with coniferous trees.

We even ate at first

They did not distinguish from pine:

Once the needles stick out -

So these are trees.

And when they ate on a branch

We took a better look

It turned out that she

Not like pine.

A spruce forest is called a spruce forest. Sharp apex, widening towards the bottom. Loves moisture. Needles are prickly, solitary. The crown is dense, gives a strong shadow. Spruce lives 300-500 years. Spruce wood is used to make paper and artificial silk.

blossom in spring,

I bear fruit in summer

I don't fade in autumn

I don't die in winter

I look like a tree

But the needle is longer.

The pine forest is called a forest. Pine loves light. Pair of needles. Pine grows on any soil. Healing air in the pine forest. Wood is a good building material.

Larch.

Eating
b at a relative of the Christmas tree

Non-thorny needles.

But unlike the tree

Those needles are falling off.

People call larch the queen of Siberian forests. In autumn, golden needles fall to the ground like leaves. Hence the name of the tree. The needles are collected in bunches of 20-60 pieces. Photophilous. The wood doesn't rot.

Fir and cedar are also conifers.

Consolidation of what has been learned. Check of knowledge.

Crossword What tree is this leaf from?

Answers: 1. Oak. 2. Birch. 3. Spruce. 4. Maple.

Test.

1.Which sheet has a complex sheet plate?

2. What is superfluous?

3. How to correctly name a leaf of a coniferous tree?

a) thorn; b) a needle; c) needle.

4. Which of the coniferous trees sheds needles for the winter?

a) pine; b) larch; c) spruce.

Summary of the lesson. Thank you for your work.

1. Adapted educational program of the basic general education mbskou "Boarding school No. 37 of the VIII type"

   Educational program

   … educational program 5-9 classes for children with violations ... plants Gymnosperms. Pine and spruce - coniferous trees. Their difference from deciduous… (correctional) educational institution for kids With limited opportunities health" (edited by ...

2. The main educational program of primary general education of the mobu "Kirov Primary General Education School"

   Main educational program

   … specific conditions for kids With limited opportunities health on … 2 classes) and subject or complex excursions (3 and 4 classes) for studying… plants, them features. Conifers and deciduous trees. wild plants …

3. Work program Educational area: Natural science Subject: The world around us Grade: 1-4 Teacher

   Working programm

   … to people with limited opportunities health. Chapter … plants Deciduous and coniferous plants. Aesthetic impact plants… project execution children learn: - ... albums for drawing. K Hardware class Student …

4. Educational program of primary general education for the period 2011-2015

   Educational program

   … plants(algae, mosses, ferns, coniferous, flowering), species plants. Breathing and nutrition plants. Reproduction and development plants. Role plants… adaptive learning environment for kids having limited opportunities health and problems...

5. Pleshakova A. A. at the course "The world around us" for grades 1-4 A.

   Thuja in the city and in the country: planting, care, reproduction

   A. Pleshakov

   Working programm

   … limited possi… plants Manifold plants. Trees, shrubs, herbs. Deciduous and coniferous plants. Aesthetic impact plants … possibility … children. Specially for family activities are designed inserts in workbooks 1 and 2 classes …

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Deciduous and coniferous trees are always appropriate in decorating your summer cottage. In summer, they go well with flowers and lawns, leaving them in the shade, and in winter they save the garden from dullness with their bright color. They give clean air and aroma due to the content of essential oils. Modern gardeners no longer see their garden without green plants. There is a huge range of species of conifers, so there is plenty to choose from.

Evergreen spruce

Coniferous trees with the name "spruce" look very effective in the garden, both singly and in frequent plantings. Some gardeners build living fences from them. Spruce is now not only a huge crop with dry branches at the bottom and a narrow crown at the top, as we are used to seeing it. The number of thorny trees is regularly replenished various varieties. In suburban areas spruce trees are most in demand, for example:

• acrocona. Reaches maturity 3 m in height and 4 in width;
• inversa. Barely this variety up to 2 meters wide and up to 7 meters high;
• Maxwellii. A small tree with a width and height not exceeding 2 meters;
• Nidiformus. Compact tree in width and height about 1.5 m;
• Glauca. Blue spruce.

Fir from the Pine family

Dark green fir needles are very soft. Young animals grow for a long time, but at the age of 10 years, development is much faster. Fir is a very popular tree, but many cannot answer whether it belongs to conifers or deciduous. Among gardeners varieties of fir are in special demand:

• Columnar fir;
• prostrale;
• Nana. Fir reaches a height of half a meter, and a meter wide, a flattened crown;
• Argenta. Silvery needles with a white tip;
• Glauca. Blue fir, wax coating on the needles;
• Veriegata. There are yellow spots on the needles.

Juniper from the Cypress family

Juniper in the list of coniferous plants is famous for its bactericidal and medicinal properties, some varieties have fruits in the form of berries. The plant appeared in the world about 50 million years ago. There are about 80 varieties.

Among the variety of junipers there are both dwarfs of 20 cm and 40-meter giants. Each such plant has its own characteristics, not only with regards to the shape of the crown, but also in the rules for care. In summer cottages, the most common varieties are:

• Gold Horse. About 4 m high, a meter wide, the branches form a narrow conical shape;
• Hibernika. It reaches a height of about 4 m, the crown is a meter in diameter, columnar and very narrow, has blue inedible berries;
• Green carpet. Dwarf tree up to 50 cm high, one and a half meters in volume;
• Suecica. It reaches a height of up to 3.5 m, a width of up to a meter, a columnar crown.

Junipers are better plant away from fruit trees, because they are carriers of rust. Other crops for the sake of prevention separate tall plants. The areas of branches affected by the disease are either cut off or treated with various fungicides.

cedar trees

Cedars are most often found in the parks of English manors, this is a great southern tree. Imi decorate the front door or a large lawn in front of the estate. These trees create an atmosphere of home comfort.

Cedars in their natural form are bulky, towering on the mountains. In height, such species grow up to 60 m. No one can say exactly how many species of cedar exist.

Some scientists are convinced that all individuals are the same and recognize only the Livonian breed, while others also distinguish Atlas, Himalayan and short-coniferous varieties. In the Catalog of Life, which includes all types of plants and animals, a description is given of all varieties, except for the short conifer.

Cedar has many varieties for design, which differ in color and size:

• Glauca. Tree with blue needles;
• Brevaramulosa. The cedar has long and sparse branches;
• Stricta. The tree has dense short branches;
• Pendula. Falling branches;
• Tortuosa. The difference is the winding branches;
• Nana and Nana Pyramidata. dwarf trees, last variety characterized by ascending branches.

undersized cypress

An evergreen plant in appearance resembles a cypress, grows up to 80 meters in height. Scientists are trying to breed new varieties to please summer residents.

In landscape design, low varieties are often used to create fences, medium trees are planted singly, and dwarf trees are planted in mixborders or rock gardens. Cypress has very soft and fluffy needles. The needles are not prickly at all, it is pleasant to touch them.

The most popular are dwarf trees below 4 meters in height. Among them stand out:

• Ericoides. A spear-shaped form of cypress up to 2 m high;
• Nana Gracilis. Round crown, tree grows up to half a meter;
• Ellwoodii. Pyramidal crown, trunk grows up to 2 meters;
• Minima Aurea. dwarf plant, with a pyramidal rounded crown;
• compacta. Small compact tree with dense branches.

Dwarf varieties of cypress do not winter well. They do not freeze under the snow, but they can sweat. Be sure to keep an eye on the density of the snow cover.

Cypress varieties

Cypress in the wild appears to be an evergreen culture with a crown in the shape of a pyramid or cone, the trunk has a very thick bark, the foliage is pressed against the branches. About 30 varieties of cypress are known, of which about eight are highly popular in landscape design. Each species has its own conditions for care and cultivation rules. The most common varieties:

• Benthamii. Graceful hat and bluish needles;
• Lindleyi. It has large buds and bright green needles;
• ristis. Branches growing down, crown in the form of a column;
• Aschersoniana. Undersized look;
• compacta. Shrub with bluish needles;
• Сonica. The crown is like a pin, bluish needles with a haze that cannot stand frost;
• fastigiata. Bluish needles on a stocky tree;
• Glauca. Hat like a column, silver color of needles.

Slender tree - larch

Larch, judging by the name, like linden, is often attributed to deciduous. But it belongs to conifers, namely to the pine family. This is a fairly tall tree, it drops its needles.

AT good conditions for growth, the tree can grow to a height of about 55 m, and reach a meter in diameter.

The bark is very thick, covered with brownish grooves. The branches grow chaotically upwards, forming a cap in the form of a cone. The needles are very soft, green in color, as long as spruce. There are 15 types of wood. Some of the most popular among them are:

• weeping;
• corley. cushion tree;
• Kornik. Globular larch;
• Blue Dwar. A short tree with blue needles;
• Diana. It grows up to two meters, a spherical crown, branches in the form of spirals, green needles with a haze;
• Stiff Weepers. Elongated sprouts creep along the soil, needles with a bluish tint;
• Wolterdinger. Thick cap, dome-shaped, the development of the tree is very slow.

mountain pine

About 120 species of pines are known in the world. Pines differ from other conifers in their fragrant needles, which are located on the branches in bunches. Types of pines are determined depending on the number of needles.

The roots of the tree in the air dry out in about 20 minutes. They are best planted in early autumn or spring.

Scientists have bred many miniature trees for the garden. Huge varieties can be found in forest and park areas. And in summer cottages, low-growing species of pines look spectacular. Green bushes can be planted in rock gardens and mixborders. The most popular varieties of mountain pine are:

• Pine Dwarf, which grows up to 2 meters in height and crown diameter;
• columnaris. The bush grows to a height and width of three meters, it has thick and rather long needles;
• Mops. Due to the branches, the crown forms a ball shape;
• Mini Mops. Cushion-shaped bush;
• Globosa viridis. The bush is egg-shaped, needles up to 10 cm long.

decorative thuja

A small conifer found in many public gardens and parks. Plants are cultivated for decoration. Gardeners note the resistance of trees to dry weather, frosty periods and decay.

The thuja has thick roots, upward-growing branches that form pyramidal or columnar forms, dark leaves and small cones that ripen very quickly. Breeders brought creeping, dwarf and weeping species. Of these, the leaders are western arborvitae(occidentalis), which grow very quickly, reach a height of about 8 m and a diameter of about 2 meters. The shrub is evergreen, only the Cloth of Gold variety with orange needles has differences, in winter with copper branches. Such specimens are best grown in the shade with neutral soil.

In Europe, thuja appeared and became popular thanks to the French king Francis the First. He loved unique plants and constantly planted them in his garden. He called thuja the tree of life and planted it large plots around his estate. Two hundred years later, the plant was cultivated in the east of Europe. In the wild, thuja can grow up to 40 m, so gardeners were sad when growing a tree from seeds and getting huge individuals.

Medium-sized variety Columna creates a dense narrow crown. It can be seen from afar by the dark green shiny needles, which do not change all seasons. The tree is resistant to frost and does not require maintenance.

The Holmstrup variety is ideal for small gardens: it is small, with a lush conical crown and rich green color. The grade is steady against frosts, well transfers pruning of branches. In young specimens, they form into a narrow cone, but straighten out with age. Green needles, glossy. When leaving, you will need constantly moist soil.

Cryptomeria - the national tree of Japan

It is found on the slopes of mountains, in wild forest areas and in park alleys. Cryptomeria belongs to conifers, can grow up to 60 m, and the trunk in girth reaches 2 meters.

The needles have a dark or light shade, the branches create a lush, thick hat. The needles are sometimes stained red or yellow. In appearance, they are in the form of an awl, but they do not prick when touched. They have small brownish bumps. Cryptomeria belongs to the cypress family, it does not have varieties. The connection with the east at the tree is explained by its different name.

People among themselves call the tree "Japanese cedar", although they do not have any common properties among themselves. The tree is royal in nature, very majestic, so it is difficult to imagine it as a shrub grown in a summer cottage or in an apartment space. But scientists who are engaged in the creation of new varieties have taken care of this. Now there are many dwarf forms of cryptomeria that do not grow above two meters.

When choosing evergreen decorations for your summer cottage, you need to know the types existing trees, to understand their pace of development and the required care. After all, instead of decorating in your backyard, you can get an unnecessary huge tree that will shade all the plants in the circle.