Which fruit tree brings the most profit. Business on apples: two different ideas with high income. Getting ready to plant trees

The apple orchard as a business no longer needs to wait 5-7 years to make a profit. Modern methods of cultivation give the first harvest a year later. In this article, we will look at how to plant and grow own garden in order to recoup the investment as quickly as possible.

Currently, the main market share of these fruits is occupied by Polish and Turkish products. Domestic deliveries account for a maximum of 30%. Growing a garden will require a significant investment, in addition, the agricultural business has a certain percentage of risk due to the instability of the weather. So, drought or frost can ruin the crop and cause irreparable damage to the business.

However, there are modern technologies that can be used to reduce backfire. We are talking about drip irrigation, which will not allow drought to spoil the crop, as well as overhead irrigation to reduce the effects of frosts in the spring.

Growing technologies

There are the following cultivation methods:
Extensive

Medium rootstocks.

In 70% of cases, extensive technology is used. It is classic and gives a harvest for 6 years after planting. As a result, business will reach a sufficient level only for 7-9 years. And during all this time, active care is required: watering, pruning, hilling, protection from pests. Thus, the revenue side looks very vague.
Intensive technology

Another thing is intensive technology with drip irrigation. Already after 2-3 years you can get the first harvest. What is this growing method?

It is based on planting tall varieties of trees on dwarf rootstocks. This allows you to increase the frequency of planting up to 5000 pieces per 1 ha. Additionally, a special crown trimming technology is used to avoid shading the "neighbors".

But this technology also has disadvantages:
The root system passes in the upper soil layer, which means that already at -10C there is a high risk of crop death.

The need for frequent watering, as well as the installation of an irrigation system.

Special pruning.

But the above disadvantages fade before a number of advantages:
High yield. Up to 50 tons of apples can be harvested from 1 hectare.

Fast harvest time (2-3 years after planting).

Convenient crown height makes it easy to pick fruit and effectively treat the tree from pests.

This technology is popular in the West and has been successfully used for a long time.
Apple varieties

Best suited for this technology unpretentious winter varieties. These include:
Idared

Champion

Golden Delicious

Gloucester

And others.

As for rootstocks, the most popular are:
MM-106 - characterized by increased frost resistance, belongs to the semi-dwarf type.

M-9 - is a dwarf type. The first fruits already after 2-3 years. Frost resistance is lower than that of MM-106.

Garden preparation with the intensive method

To implement a business plan apple orchard according to intensive technology, you will need a flat area with the most fertile soil and the ability to apply drip irrigation. It is good to plant trees in black soil, medium loam, dark gray forest soil.
Apple trees bear fruit for a short time in carbonate soil. The composition of the soil of this substance should not be more than 12%.
Intensive method of planting apple trees
Soil preparation

At this stage, the soil is checked and the optimal amount of fertilizer is calculated.
Calculation rate:
Chernozem - 50 tons per hectare of humus

Gray forest soil - 70 tons per hectare.

Planting seedlings

This stage is carried out in October or in the first months of spring. For seedlings, pits of 0.5 m in diameter will be needed. To dig holes of the required size, it is better to use a tractor with special attachments.
The planting scheme is as follows: on dwarf rootstocks between rows 4 meters, between seedlings in one row the distance is 0.6-2 meters.
If the stock M-9 was chosen, then 4 meters between rows can be allowed. But in this case, large-sized equipment will not pass here.
After the landing process is completed, installation is carried out drip system glaze.
Crown pruning

At the time of planting, seedlings may already have crowns. In this case, pruning is carried out before they hit the ground. If there are no crowns, then pruning is carried out at a height of a little less than a meter from ground level. In the process of growing seedlings, it is necessary to remove shoots at the roots 0.6 m high from the soil.

How should the crown look when growing an apple tree using intensive technology? Outwardly, it resembles a rounded spindle with a three-meter base.

For this stage, the installation of supporting trellises is necessary.
Drip irrigation

This growing method requires active irrigation. It is best to use drip irrigation.
The composition of the water should be as follows:
Iron 3-5 mg per 1 liter

Reaction pH=7

Carbonates up to 4 mmol per 1 liter.

The volume of water for drip irrigation is 10-15 m3 per 1 ha daily. For protection against spring frosts– 150-200 m3 per 1 ha with overhead irrigation.

Modern way garden watering
garden care

From the moment of planting, for 3 years, the row spacing is kept under black fallow, after 3 years, a sod-humus or parosideral system is used.
Regular treatment of trees from pests and diseases is necessary.
Harvesting

Harvest workers. Storage is carried out in a special room with a certain temperature (0-2 C) and humidity. Apples are stacked in boxes, preferably wooden. Between each layer, you can lay a sheet of paper. It is also necessary to control the content of oxygen, carbon dioxide and ethylene.

For collection it is better to hire seasonal workers
Calculate income and expenses

The technology of intensive cultivation allows you to develop an apple orchard as a business quickly enough. In 3-4 years you will receive the first profit.
One-time expenses will amount to approximately 5 million rubles. This amount includes business registration, purchase of seedlings, soil preparation, organization of drip irrigation, installation of supports, purchase of equipment.
The annual costs include: fertilizer, watering, garden protection, wages for harvesting. In the first year, you can already get 750 thousand rubles of profit. Thus, each tree will bring 8 kg of crop.
Read another one of ours about the apple business.

The apple business is profitable and profitable. apple trees give good harvest, and to establish distribution channels for these products is quite simple.

You can start a business with small area an area of 6 acres. This area will fit about 20 small trees. You need to buy one-year-old seedlings, each of which will cost from 500 rubles apiece.

It is worth traveling around the markets of your region, talking with sellers of apples and seedlings, asking to visit them, seeing what varieties are growing, paying attention to the yield, and the timing in which the apple trees of the selected varieties begin to bear fruit. For example, in the Moscow region there are a number of varieties that give excellent harvests delicious apples, but they begin to bear fruit in the 6th, 9th year. As you understand, for small businesses such deadlines are very critical.

cultivation

If earlier an apple orchard had to be grown for years until it bears its first fruits, today there are completely new varieties of trees that allow harvesting in a year. Full return on investment in this business is approximately 2-3 years.

In addition to acquiring a plot and buying seedlings, funds are needed for fertilizers. Apple trees definitely need natural nourishment - humus, litter, manure, ash, as well as special mineral fertilizers.

A separate item of expenditure is drugs that protect against diseases and pests. The apple business involves the sale of products to companies and retail outlets, the fruits must have the appropriate presentation without a wormhole and any traces of damage by pathogens.

Consideration should be given to the drainage system effective watering trees. We also need premises for storing crops, in which there must be a certain level of humidity and optimum temperature. Great importance has a container for storage and subsequent transportation of fruits.

The total investment in such a small apple business on 6 acres will amount to at least 2 million rubles (on the other hand, in communication with people who are engaged in this business, they found out that the scale of investments - if there is a plot with more or less quality soil - is hundreds of thousands without taking into account the payment of labor strength).

Sales

To establish distribution channels and conclude contracts, negotiations should be held with fruit sellers in local markets, with owners of nearby hypermarkets and shops selling fruits and vegetables.

In addition, one should find small productions, which are engaged in the processing of apples and the manufacture of children's fruit purees and juices, as well as the production of marmalade, jams, compotes, and dried fruits.

You can conclude an agreement with a winery and supply apples for the production of cider.

With the right approach, the apple business will bring tangible profits, besides, this is a business that is not organized for one year, but with proper cultivation of the orchard and caring for it, the harvest will constantly increase.

apple storage business

At first glance, the business I am engaged in will seem “small” and not capable of generating significant income, but this is not so.

So, we will talk about the business of storing winter varieties of apples and pears.

I started my business by helping my father export and sell surplus fruits from his huge garden. The lion's share of the harvest was made up of winter varieties of apples (Jonathan and Renet Simirenko)

In the process, I had the idea to make money on this constantly by buying apple crops from neighbors who do not have cars and cannot take goods to the market in Big city(Taganrog). The next stage in the development of my business was the idea not to sell what was grown right away, but to save it and sell it in the winter. On the this moment I don't grow apples, but buy them from growers-farmers in autumn, store them and resell them in late autumn and winter.

Let's analyze in detail how this is done.

First of all, let's analyze the financial moment - how much can you earn on this?

Without touching on apple prices in detail, we can say that their price in the retail network and in the markets is about 50% higher in winter than in autumn. Considering that I buy in bulk with pickup, the “fork” is even more significant. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the more and longer you save the product, the more you earn.

Where and how to store a large number of apples (a ton or more).

For storing apples, I adapted the basements of my and my father's house, making racks around the entire perimeter there. I also purchased small plastic boxes (50*25*20*). During storage, apples must be stored at a temperature of 10-15 degrees, while every day you need to review the boxes of apples for damage and sort them out if necessary. By the way, once my father wrapped each apple in paper, which significantly increased the shelf life - apples could be preserved until May. I do not do this.

An important point: the room where apples are stored should not be saturated fresh air, since the fruits, receiving oxygen from the air, deteriorate faster, and the increased content of carbon dioxide slows down the process of ripening and decay. This factor is widely used in large industrial storage facilities, where the atmosphere is saturated with carbon dioxide.

Now a little about pears.

Several times I tried to save pears (the winter variety of Cure), but due to the impossibility of buying a sufficient amount (a ton or more), I left this business. Well, in general, you can also earn money by storing pears by analogy with apples.

Apples are the most popular fruit in our country. The high demand for it is due to its cheapness and availability. In addition, apples are also unusual. useful fruit. The implementation of a business plan for apples can be at least two types: growing apples as a business and selling caramel apples. Let's consider each of the ideas.

Apple growing business plan

Now, in order to make money on the apple business, there is no need to wait for profit for 5-7 years. Modern technologies for planting and growing make it possible to get the first harvest next year.

The result of such a business depends primarily on the location of the garden and the variety of trees. The second rule of success is planting tall varieties of trees with correct pruning crowns These varieties include:

Jonared
Red Delicious
Idored
Golden Delicious
Symorenko
Stayman.

Technique

In order for the garden to bear fruit well, you will need the appropriate equipment. The cost of a complete set is quite high, so you can make a purchase on credit. For growing apples you need:

Tractor or trailer for fruit delivery
Chainsaw for cutting branches and trees
Branch cutters
Automatic system watering trees.

Preparatory work before boarding

The business of selling self-grown apples will bring a good harvest if you approach the preparation of the land correctly. To do this, you must perform the following steps:

Plow the plot
Make holes, taking into account the distance between the trees and the diameter of the root
Fill them with water
Place seedlings with cut ends in the holes so that the roots are covered with earth.
prepare the ground
Water the trees.

Prepare the ground for the garden should be in the fall, and planting should be done in the spring. It is important to make the right distance between the trees so that they do not obscure each other.

Apple orchard - successful business in the countryside

Garden maintenance is of the utmost importance.

First of all, it is necessary to protect trees from insects. For this, special insecticides are purchased.
Watering seedlings is best done through an automatic irrigation system or a well with a pump. In the first case, drip irrigation provides not only water supply, but also fertilizers.
Between the rows it is necessary to mow the grass, and cut the seedlings, leaving 6 buds from the height of the stamp.
Support for trees is essential. For this, poles are suitable, which will help the trees grow strictly vertically, and the branches not to break.

Harvest and storage

Fruit is usually harvested in September. A sign of ripening apples is the peel of the desired color and a change in the color of the stone to dark brown.

Picking apples is carried out taking into account the following rules:

The process is carried out in cool weather by hand
The peduncle is preserved
No skin damage
Apples are not poured, but shifted
Fruit that has fallen to the ground is placed in a separate container.
It is better to put apples in wooden boxes in layers, between which a sheet of paper is placed.

Fruit storage is carried out in the basement at a temperature of 0 to -2C.

Facts about the apple growing business:

Apple trees bear fruit for several decades
One tree lives about 50 years
The highest yield occurs at 10-15 years of age.

How to succeed in selling apples?

If the number of apples is small, it is enough to organize a point in the market and sell fruits at retail. It is also possible to sell bulk lots to market vendors or supply apples to baking factories, such as a cooking company.

If the yield is quite high, sales are carried out to supermarkets, wine-making enterprises, as well as to the production of jams, apples, marmalade, dried fruits.

Some numbers

The retail price of apples is 50 rubles per 1 kilogram per season, in winter the cost increases 3 times

Profitability - 100%

Payback period - 3-4 years

Profit from one crop per year - 750 thousand rubles and more.

Caramel apples - making money on an unusual street fast food

What products are most often sold on the street? Hot dogs, pies, ice cream, pizza in a cup, etc. But people are looking for new tastes, they want something unusual and interesting. Offer them caramelized apples on a stick. Furore guaranteed!

What is a caramel apple? This is an incredibly tasty and healthy dessert. It is an ordinary apple, poured over with delicious caramel-sugar icing. The dish is prepared in front of the buyer in a matter of minutes. For the convenience of the consumer, the apple is strung on a skewer so that the sticky icing does not get your hands dirty.

For the first time this dessert appeared in the East. Nowadays, even such a seemingly simple delicacy is offered in assortment, that is, with various toppings. On top of the caramel, you can decorate the apple with nuts, cinnamon or dried fruits.

The greatest profit in such a business is observed in the summer, when a lot of people are walking on the street. But in winter, you should not give up this idea. The trolley can easily be moved to one of the shopping centers or the building of a cinema, circus.

Equipment for making caramel apples

First of all, you need a special mobile cart. For sale on the street, it must be equipped with an umbrella. Also needed a chair for the seller.

This is about commercial equipment. Of the devices for creating a dessert, a caramelizer is needed. The cost depends on the capacity and manufacturer. Estimated price - 15-20 thousand rubles.

You will also need a unit for planting an apple on a skewer. But you can easily save on it by performing this simple manipulation manually.

Buying apples - separate milestone. depends on the quality of the fruit appearance dessert. Therefore, buy only selected apples. The variety should not be too sweet, so that after coating with caramel the taste is not cloying.

The process of making caramel apples

After purchase, the fruits are washed and dried. Then comes the most important step - the preparation of the glaze. To do this, water, caramel mixture and sugar are added to the caramelizer. The mass is heated to the desired temperature, as a result, caramel is formed, which is necessary to cover the apple.

The apple is strung on a skewer and dipped in hot caramel. Take out and cool down.

From above, for a variety of tastes and decorations, the dessert is sprinkled with chocolate, coconut, candied fruits, nuts. It turns out a spectacular, tasty and healthy treat for the whole family! You can read more about this idea in one of our previous ones.

The article examines the basics of compiling business plan. Apples are a product of mass consumption, they are relevant and in demand at any time of the year. Thanks to modern technology, it is no longer necessary to wait a long time until the trees begin to bear fruit, receive big harvest possible next year.

In this regard, in order to study the features of creating intensive type apple orchard and evaluation of the effectiveness of investments is created business plan. It not only describes the concept of the future company, but also determines the need for resources and predicts the values of key performance indicators.

A business plan for starting an apple orchard is also suitable for giving to a bank or for attracting investments.

Key Features of an Intensive Type Apple Orchard Business Plan

The procedure for drawing up a business plan for an apple orchard

Before proceeding to detailed description concepts intensive type apple orchard, in business plan Market analysis should be carried out to identify:

The volume of demand for products;
consumer preferences;
main competitors;
pricing policy;
Factors influencing the development of the industry;
Applied technologies.

The data obtained should be reflected in the justification of the chosen model of the company's functioning.

Description

Files

There is a greater variety of apple varieties, the most popular among consumers are:

Golden and Red Delicious;
Idared;
Stayman;
Lagol;
Jonared and Jonagold.

These varieties are also the most prolific. You can concentrate on growing a single variety or create a variety of varieties.

The main emphasis in business plan while creating apple orchard is done for wholesale buyers, which include:

Vegetable and fruit bases;
Large hypermarkets;
chains of retail stores.

It is also possible to provide for the organization of export of products to countries such as Iran, Saudi Arabia, Israel, etc.

1 - Summary

1.1. The essence of the project

1.2. The volume of investments for launching an intensive type apple orchard

1.3. Work results

2 - Concept

2.1. Project concept

2.2. Description/Properties/Characteristics

2.3. Goals for 5 years

3 - Market

3.1. Market size

3.2. Market Dynamics

4 - Staff

4.1. staffing

4.2. Processes

4.3. Wage

5 - Financial plan

5.1. Investment plan

5.2. Funding Plan

5.3. Sales Plan for Intensive Type Apple Orchard Development

5.4. Spending plan

5.5. Tax payment plan

5.6. Reports

5.7. Investor income

6 - Analysis

6.1. Investment analysis

6.2. The financial analysis

6.3. Intensive type apple orchard risks

7 - Conclusions

An intensive type apple orchard business plan is provided in MS Word format - it already has all the tables, graphs, diagrams and descriptions. You can use them "as is" because it's ready to use. Or you can adjust any section for yourself.

For example: if you need to change the name of the project or the region where the business is located, then this is easy to do in the "Project Concept" section.

Financial calculations are provided in MS Excel format - parameters are highlighted in the financial model - this means that you can change any parameter, and the model will automatically calculate everything: it will build all tables, graphs and charts.

For example: if you need to increase the sales plan, then it is enough to change the sales volume for a given product (service) - the model will recalculate everything automatically, and all tables and charts will be ready immediately: monthly sales plan, sales structure, sales dynamics - all this will be ready .

A feature of the financial model is that all formulas, parameters and variables are available for change, which means that any specialist who knows how to work in MS Excel can adjust the model for themselves.

Tariffs

Feedback from our clients

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Igor Nikolaevich, Tambov

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Alena Podkaminskaya, Commercial Director, Yaroslavl

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Natalia M.V., Krasnodar region

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Lyubov Andreevna, farmer, Voronezh region

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Dmitry Korolenko, Naberezhnye Chelny

Feedback on an intensive type apple orchard business plan

Satisfied with the quality of the finished product apple orchard business plan, which we downloaded on Plan-Pro. Information is well structured beautiful decoration, all calculations are made. We especially actively use the financial model in our current activities, which allows us to calculate the forecast. You can change the values in it. With the help of a business plan, they received a loan from Sberbank in the amount of 50 million rubles.

Prusova Diana Dmitrievna, Moscow.

Market Analysis in Apple Orchard Planting Business Plan

When conducting market analysis, special attention should be paid to studying competitors and identifying competitive advantages. Competition in this industry is high in the form of not only Russian agricultural holdings, but also foreign representatives. Most of the market is occupied by companies from Turkey.

Competition is increasing in summer period when private farmers enter the market, growing products in their summer cottages.

When shaping the concept of the future apple orchard within business plan should ensure competitive advantage, which can be:

Low cost;
High quality products;
Possibility of buying a small batch;
Variety of assortment;
No chemicals are used in the growing process;
Timely delivery, etc.

Features of the intensive type of apple orchard

The essence of intensive technology is the use of tall varieties on dwarf rootstocks, which contributes to an increase in planting density.

This fact does not prevent the trees from receiving light, since it involves a special way of pruning branches.

The use of intensive planting allows you to accelerate the process of obtaining fruits and, accordingly, profit.

However, this technique creation apple orchard has its drawbacks, which must be taken into account when forming the concept in business plan

Withstands minimum temperature only up to -11 o C, tree roots are not resistant to frost;
Requires a special watering system;
Specific tree pruning system.

It has been successfully used by most Western countries.

The algorithm for creating an intensive-type apple orchard, provided for by the business plan

AT business plan intensive type apple orchard The following steps are envisaged for launching the project:

Selection land plot and construction/rental of warehouse and office;
Selection of varieties and purchase of seedlings;
Register as individual entrepreneur or legal entity, tax registration;
Selection and hiring of personnel;
Purchase of the necessary equipment;
Planting trees.

Recall that even with intensive technology, the first fruits will appear no earlier than a year after planting.

Initial investment in an apple orchard as provided for in the business plan

To implement a project to create intensive type apple orchard You will need an initial investment in the amount of 30 to 200 million rubles. within business plan. Investments are made on the following main items:

Business registration - xxx rubles;
Rent - xxx;
Purchase and installation of equipment - xxx;
Purchase of fertilizer and seedlings - xxx;
Stock Money- xxx.

You can use both your own funds and receive additional financing in the form of bank loans, investments or government subsidies. In all cases, you will need a professionally written business plan. We created ready-made business plan for an intensive apple orchard, where all the information was structured and calculations were made. It is available for download from the link below.

Technology for growing apples in a business plan

Creation apple orchard within business plan includes the following main steps:

Prepare the soil by clearing the area, loosening the soil and fertilizing.
late autumn or in early spring plant seedlings. Here you will need to dig a hole, install dwarf rootstocks.
Install a drip irrigation system to organize water access to the roots.
After that, in the process of growing, a special crown trimming technology is used, the crown is formed by installing supports.
Trees are processed special preparations from pests and insects.
The crop is harvested by hand and sent to the warehouse for subsequent sale.

Purchase of equipment provided for by the business plan for an apple orchard

AT business plan expenses for the purchase of the following equipment for apple orchard:

Mounted drill;
Drip irrigation system;
Tractor;
Truck for transportation;
Sprayer;
Stolbostav;
Mower;
Computers and office furniture;
Warehouse alarm, ventilation and video surveillance system.

Special equipment for storing fruits is not required, however, it is necessary to choose a room so that the temperature in it is maintained at 0 ° C.

You would need a similar level of investment to start a walnut orchard. will allow you to appreciate this idea. Nuts are currently mainly imported, but the climate allows growing many types of nuts in the Russian Federation.

Income and expenses of an apple orchard in a business plan

financial model in business plan is formed on the basis of income, revenue and profit forecasts apple orchard. All this forms a financial plan.

Costs of creating an intensive type apple orchard as part of a business plan

To provide normal conditions for growing apples business plan There are such items of current expenses as:

Rent - xxx rub.;
Payment utilities- xxx;
Purchase of fertilizers and chemicals - xxx;
Equipment repair - xxx;
Salary to employees - xxx;
Tax payments - xxx;
Marketing and advertising - xxx.

Total from xxx rub. monthly.

Profitability of organizing an apple orchard in a business plan

Revenue apple farm receives mainly through the wholesale of goods. AT business plan it is projected at the level of xxx rub.

You can increase it by selling seedlings up to xxx rubles. per month.

Then the profit, calculated as the difference between revenue and costs, will be from xxx rubles. monthly.

Staff for the apple orchard provided for by the business plan

As part of business plan recruitment of the following employees intensive type apple orchard:

Director;
Accountant;
Agronomist;
Purchasing manager;
Account Manager;
Driver;
Worker.

In general, from 10 people. The selection of people for all positions will be required only when the trees begin to bear fruit - not earlier than a year after planting.

The financial model is a separate file in MS Excel format - in fact it is
a separate product designed for business planning and calculation of all its
indicators. Each of the parameters of the financial model can be changed manually.
There are no macros in the financial model. All formulas are transparent and accessible to
changes.

In the process of working on a business plan, we look at dozens of different sources
information. This includes data from equipment suppliers, industry portals, interviews with market experts, and data official statistics- such system analysis data gives a complete picture of all project parameters: prices, equipment costs, premises costs, costs, etc.

Download a ready-made business plan for an intensive type apple orchard with calculations and an Excel financial model

The possibility of growing apples in almost any natural conditions, as well as the presence of constant demand for these products, attracts attention a large number entrepreneurs for this business.

Therefore, this industry is different high level competition. In this case, a well-developed business plan is required. Ready intensive type apple orchard business plan with fully structured information you can download from the link below. This document will be a decisive factor when negotiating with creditors and investors and will demonstrate your professional approach to business. At your request, we can draw up an individual turnkey business plan.

The main task of an entrepreneur when creating an intensive-type apple orchard is to select suitable climatic conditions region of varieties and the development of multiple distribution channels.

Growing apples as a business today is highly profitable, and the reviews of the owners of such orchards speak of pleasant benefits and good prospects. Using modern technologies, auxiliary equipment and choosing high yielding varieties fruit trees you can count on high profits over the years.

When there is an abundance of imported apples on the market, selling at a high price, it is worth finding your niche in growing domestic fruits, organic and tasty. What is sure to please buyers is the opportunity to purchase them at an affordable price at any time of the year.

Required documents

In order to make a profit from the sale of goods during the first harvests, you must first officially register. The most convenient form of owning an apple orchard as a business is SNT - a horticultural non-profit partnership. Such registration will take no longer than a week, and the state fee is relatively low.

For the subsequent sale of fruits, you must comply with all the rules prescribed in such documents:

GOST 32896-2014 - related to specifications preparation and sale of dried fruits (if you plan to do this).
GOST 54697-2011 - clarifies the subtleties of growing, storing and selling fresh apples.

Variety selection

Be careful what seedlings you will purchase to create orchard. At the same time, it is important to take into account the region of residence, soil features, climate, the nuances of caring for individual varieties, their seasonality (winter, autumn, summer), yield indicators, etc. All this will ultimately affect the level of income and the rate of return on investment.

most popular industrial varieties, which are highly fruitful, are considered:

Golden Delicious;
Royal;
Idored;
Red Delicious;
Stayman;
Symorenko;
starking;
Jonared;
Champion;
Florina;
Gloucester;
Ligol;
Pinova;
Rosavka;
Eliza;
Antonovka;
Alyonushka;
Sun;
Lungwort;
Legend;
Chervonets.

These are relatively unpretentious varieties that withstand temperature extremes in middle lane Russia and are distinguished by a high level of productivity, every year increasing the number of fruits harvested from one tree.

To improve these indicators, it is important to choose the right stock. For intensive cultivation in short time according to modern technologies, it is recommended to stop at M-9 or MM-106. The first option will provide an opportunity to increase the yield and harvest it already 2-3 years after planting, and the second is characterized by a frost-resistant root system.

Growing technology

The methods of caring for an apple orchard differ in two different systems:

Extensive - classic version keeping trees in industrial scale. With such a natural expectation of the first harvest, fruits are obtained only 6 years after planting seedlings. Active fruiting occurs in the seventh or ninth year of tree growth.
The intensive type is a more modern technology, thanks to which it is possible to achieve the first harvest of apples in 2-3 years, and on the sixth or seventh to get 50 tons of fruit per hectare of land.

Obviously, the second approach is more profitable for business, so let's focus on it. short description. In this case, the cultivation of tall varieties on dwarf rootstocks is used. This makes it possible to increase the planting density of trees from 1000-2000 per 1 ha to 5000 seedlings in the same area.

Another important point with intensive cultivation of apples, the correct rational pruning of crowns is considered. It is performed like a spindle, which makes it possible natural light all remaining branches and eliminates the problem of shading neighboring trees.

Among the shortcomings of this technology, only low frost resistance of the root system is noted, since the dwarf stock suggests its location in the upper layer of the earth. Therefore, it is recommended to use this method only in regions where the temperature does not fall below 10-11 degrees, or else constantly monitor the insulation.

Technique in the economy

To greatly facilitate the entire process of planting, caring for and picking apples, it is advisable to purchase enough accessories:

Car or van for transporting goods.
Chainsaw for cutting dead trees.
Branch cutters - simplifying the removal of diseased, dry or excess branches, used to form a crown.
An automatic irrigation system, such as drip irrigation, has the advantage of constantly maintaining moist soil without the use of human resources, as well as significant savings in water consumption.

At the same time, it is desirable to have different hand tools, tools, enough boxes for collecting, storing and transporting apples.

Landing

plant seedlings better in spring, but since the fall they have been preparing the site. Depending on the selected type of tree, as well as growing technology, the density of the garden is also taken into account. So, usually the distance between rows is 3-4 meters, and between adjacent trees 1-1.5 m. But with an intensive method, seedlings are placed much closer to each other, due to which the number of trees per 1 hectare significantly increases.

The landing process in any case is the same:

Plow a piece of land with the help of special equipment.
Holes are made with the desired frequency, their size should take into account the diameters of the tree's root system. Usually it is 0.5 m.
Water is poured into the hole, and a peat-distillation mixture is laid out on the bottom and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.
Then a seedling is placed there and covered with earth.
At the end, abundant watering of each tree is necessarily performed.

Speaking of soil, experienced gardeners prefer chernozem, dark gray forest soils, loams. But on carbonate areas, the apple orchard will be short-lived. Depending on the natural composition of the earth, the optimal ratio of the used mineral fertilizers.

tree care

As in the process of growing seedlings, and in subsequent years, the garden needs constant care. The level of productivity and health of plants largely depends on its quality. It is recommended to do the following:

When planting seedlings without a crown, they are cut immediately at a level of 0.9 meters from the ground.
Periodically clean the root zone from emerging shoots.
The crown is formed according to the selected type, for example, a "spindle" with intensive growing technology. Also periodically remove excess, rotten, dry, diseased branches.
For protection and better stability of trees, support trellises are installed.
It is important to observe frequent watering. In the early years, this is done more often, then a little less. Drip installation is considered optimal automated system.
Grass and weeds should be regularly cleared between rows. If you use a lawn mower with grinding for these purposes, then you can leave everything on the ground, as it will act as a warming of the roots and fertilizer. But it is better to remove just mowed grass from the site completely.
Trees are treated with special insecticides, otherwise insects will significantly reduce the yield or completely ruin most of the garden. The most popular are Simazin, Glyphosate, Kerb, Fosulen, Roundup.
Also, periodically you need to fertilize the land with special compounds.

With proper care, it is possible to achieve intensive fruiting for several decades and harvest from 1 ha to 50 tons of crops. To achieve best performance, as well as to ensure fruit ripening throughout the year, it is recommended to combine several varieties in one area, for example, winter, summer and autumn varieties.

Collection and storage

If the care process can be facilitated by technology and done on your own or with the help of loved ones, then a sufficient number of people will need to be hired to harvest the crop. You need to pick apples only fully ripe and only winter varieties can "reach" in the warehouse. This is done by hand, so it takes a lot of effort and time.

Fruit is usually harvested in September, during the cold season, but each variety has its own characteristics that should be considered. Indicators that it is time to start this process are the characteristic shade of the peel for the selected variety of apples and the brown ripened bone inside.

It is advisable to follow these rules:

Pick fruits by hand.
Choose cool weather for this.
Preserve the stem of the apple.
To select a trade dress, to avoid various damages of a surface.
In no case do they pour them, but only carefully shift them.
Those fruits that have fallen to the ground or are spoiled are kept separately.
The best container is wooden box.
Each layer is covered with paper on top.

The best conditions for storage are cellars with a temperature of 0-2 degrees. In this form, they can lie until April, which will give you enough time to sell the goods.

Harvest processing

In order to increase profits, as well as to prevent the risks of low sales of fresh fruits, it is possible to additionally install equipment for processing apples. Thus, part of the crop is sold as finished products:

dried fruits;
compotes;
jam, jam, jam;
vinegar;
apples in caramel;
wine;
cider;
baking, etc.

Depending on the chosen direction of activity, a technique more suitable for these purposes is also selected. And although the initial investment will be more, they will pay off much faster, since processed fruits have a much higher cost.

Sales market

You can use the various channels available to sell:

Grocery stores, supermarkets.
Industrial factories engaged in the manufacture of jam, wine, cider, etc.
Companies specializing in baking.
Restaurants, cafes and other catering establishments.
Kindergartens, schools, hospitals.
Markets.
Wholesale warehouses.
Import.
Private persons.

Here you can download for free as a sample.

Financial part

To begin with, serious costs will be required to create an apple orchard. All items of expenditure must be included in the business plan.

	*Capital investment*	*Price, in rubles*
1	Paperwork	12 000
2	garden design	3 000
3	Soil preparation	3 700
4	Purchase of seedlings	900 000
5	Landing costs	300 000
6	Irrigation system	4 000
7	Installation of additional supports	320 000
8	Acquisition of equipment and tools	3 000 000
	Total:	4 542 700

Both before the first harvest and afterwards, you will also have to spend money on maintaining the garden - care, watering, wages for assistants, etc. For this, it is worth allocating another part of the budget.

Hiring guards and assistants is only necessary during the harvest season and the total cost of their work is calculated depending on the number of people. During the rest of the year, this item of expenditure is significantly reduced.

When selling fresh fruits, they receive revenue for the first year of fruiting trees in the amount of 750,000 rubles. But when using different varieties, modern technologies higher yields can be achieved. If we achieve fruit harvesting in the amount of 50 tons per hectare and sell them at a price of 50 rubles / kg, then the proceeds will be 2.5 million rubles. Thus, after the first two seasons, you can recoup all the initial investments in the business.

Video: apple business.