How is heating calculated? Features of calculating the cost of utilities

When payments for housing and communal services come in, the question often arises why heat supply is so expensive. In reality, figuring out how to calculate the heating in an apartment is quite difficult. To do this, you need to find out the tariffs from the management company, which in different regions various. After that, it will become clear whether the accruals are made correctly or not.

Heat bill laws

First you need to figure out how to calculate the payment for heating according to the standard in accordance with current legislation. There is a legal act on heating in late editing - No. 354 dated May 6, 2011. There, the calculations of payment for heating in high-rise buildings are regulated in detail.

Unlike previous editions, the method of charging money for services received, the forms of agreements on contractual obligations and sample payments have changed. In order to calculate payment for heat, tenants need to contact the Criminal Code to find out the type of arrangement of the building in which they live:

the presence of a common house meter for the consumed heat supply, it happens that it is not in residential premises;
together with common house meters there are meters in the apartments of the owners;
in a residential building there are no meters for heat.

After clarifying these details, you can proceed to find out how the payment for the received heating is calculated. In addition, in accordance with resolution 354 heating payments are divided into two types:

For a separate apartment.
For community needs.

The second type includes the heat supply of entrances, attics and. In order to calculate the payment for heating, you need to find out from the HOA the footage of these areas and the tariffs for maintaining the required degree of heat in them.

Similar information must be printed on those sent to management companies so that the consumer pays after the fact. They should contain two items that reflect the final amount of the payment. In practice, the norms of contributions for heat supply services in common premises are higher than in apartments. But when the final amount is divided over the entire residential building, the amount of payment is reduced.

Since both residential and uninhabited premises are reflected in receipts for heating, it is necessary that information about them be included in the signed contract, for which you need to contact the managing organization.

Calculation of payment for central heating

Today there are no uniform standards in accordance with which we pay for heating. Instead, there are only advisory indications of price lists for heat supply for management companies that supply it to multi-storey residential buildings. Payment for heating is subordinated to the heat meters installed in the apartments.

In addition, the final amount is influenced by the climate conditions in the area where the owners of the property live, as well as how the engineering and technical communications are worn out and how the building is insulated to prevent heat loss.

If the efficiency of the heating system is low, the fees for heat supply services all year round will be higher. In accordance with the current guidelines heating bills in accordance with the legislation are calculated in the ways that are given below.

Sometimes, it happens that several heat supply risers can be carried out in one residential building, so it will be very expensive to put on all metering devices. In such cases, it is necessary that the heating is calculated according to the common house meter.

General house metering device

When there is a common building meter for heat energy in a residential building, the accounting department must calculate the heat supply using a special formula. Together with these payment procedure is made on several points.

First you need to coordinate the heating of the main area and the specific living space for which the indicators are considered. Next, you need to do the following:

check the indicators of the house meter at the beginning and end of the billing period. The resulting difference will show the heat consumption in a residential building. In this way, the amount for the heat supply of a residential or non-residential premises is correctly calculated;
calculate the ratio of the total footage of the apartment to the total footage of the building;
find out what the tariff of the managing organization consists of.

The formula for calculating the heating fee is as follows:

P=Vx(Tk/Td)xK

where R- amount of payment V- meter readings, Tk and Td- footage of the dwelling and building where the owner of the property lives, To- standard for space heating.

In order to show how to calculate charges for heat supply, let's take a dwelling with a footage of 33 square meters, which is located in a building of 6000 square meters. The readings on an individual metering device amounted to 80 Gcal. Let's say the heating tariff consists of 1000 rubles per Gcal. In this case, the final payment should be:

P=80х(33/6000)х1000=440 rubles

In addition, in the absence of energy consumption devices in specific apartments, we pay according to other norms for calculating heating in an apartment. The average standard (W) for apartments consists of indicators - 0.022-0.03 gigocalories per square meter per month. In this case, the charge for heat supply is calculated according to the following formula:

P \u003d TxWxK

Let's say W is 0.025, then the payment is:

P \u003d 33x0.025x6000 \u003d 4950 rubles

Managing organizations prefer to count, of course, according to their own form of calculation. Therefore, when drawing up contractual obligations, it is recommended to check in which cases the Criminal Code uses such methods, although it will be difficult to do this, these organizations prefer to hide such data.

Charges for heat supply with common house and personal meters

In the presence of individual counter the task of how to calculate the amount of payment for heating is simplified. In such a situation, you only need to multiply the indicators of an individual meter by the standard for the consumption of utility services for heating by the management company.

With possible discrepancies in legislative acts on payment for heat supply, one should concentrate on tariffs. Differences in prices among different companies that provide heat can be as high as thirty percent. And when making calculations on metering devices, high figures for the tariff for housing and communal services heating will not allow you to get any benefits from installing meters.

In reality, homeowners do not choose management organizations, especially in multi-storey buildings. In this regard, when checking charges for heat supply services, they use the current prices from the management companies that are in.

But when recalculating for heat, it is necessary to take into account the supplied heat for the entire building. It is necessary to calculate the amount of heat energy provided by suppliers. To resolve the issue of how the payment for heating in an apartment is calculated, use the following formula. It will allow you to calculate Gcal:

V=NxSx(Tk/Td)

where V– the share of the owner of the dwelling to pay for the house heat supply, N- consumption norms, S- the total footage that belongs to this group, Tk and Td- footage of the dwelling and building.

The value of N is 0.016 gigocalories per square metre. For example, with general house heat supply with footage non-residential premises 600 square meters cost calculation will be as follows:

V=0.016х600(33/6000)=0.05 Gcal for heating

To reduce this calculated indicator according to the current rules, you should put general appliance accounting for tariff heating. With it, heating costs in an apartment building will be reduced by 15-30%.

How to cut heating bills

Tariffs for rent in utilities are growing quarterly, so the problem is how to reduce costs for thermal energy topical enough. This issue is complicated by the nuances of centralized communications in multi-storey buildings.

It should be noted that with centralized energy supply it is not enough just to insulate the outer walls of the building, change the windows to double-glazed windows - the total payment amount will be the same, recalculations will not be needed. The installation of individual energy metering devices will help to reduce costs. But with such actions, a meeting with other problematic situations is possible:

many heating risers in one residential area. Today, the price tag for the installation of metering devices varies from 18 to 25 thousand rubles, and they must be installed on each design;
it is difficult to obtain consent for the installation of metering devices. For this it is necessary that Management Company issued technical specifications, and then, according to their testimony, select a suitable device;
for regular payments for heating, it is necessary to check the metering devices according to the established schedule, for which the device is dismantled, checked, and then reinstalled. All this also costs money.

But even all these costs will lead to a reduction in the cost of payments for energy consumption by the meter. If there are several risers in the apartment, it is necessary to install a common house metering device, but with such an installation, the cost reduction will not be so significant.

When calculating payments for heat supply according to a common meter, it is not the indicators of energy receipt that are calculated, but the differences between it and in the return pipeline of the central supply. This is a more transparent way of pricing. In addition, when choosing this method, it is possible to improve the heating system according to the following indications:

you can regulate the energy consumption in the house depending on weather conditions;
makes it possible to achieve best way calculation of payments. In this case, the indicators are distributed among apartments depending on their footage, and not on the received heat.

In addition, only employees of the managing organization can maintain and repair the meter for the whole house. But residents legally sought to provide all the necessary reports for a procedure such as adjusting heating bills.

In addition to installing a common house meter, you need to install a new mixer that will regulate the heating temperature of the heat carrier included in the centralized system.

Payments for the provision of heat energy in different seasons

The ability to choose payment methods for heating in a certain season is excluded by management companies and heat energy suppliers. They decide this on their own, without the consent of the property owners, also introduced a coefficient of frequency of payment, when they pay for heat supply evenly throughout the year. Sometimes there are exceptions, the payment schedule is agreed with the administration of the housing cooperative or HOA.

When choosing a payment for heating in the summer, there are the following features:

it is impossible to check the correctness of charges for heat energy. When making calculations, the accounting department of the management company uses very difficult and cunning methods;
when paying for heating in the summer, the owners are loaded evenly. At the same time, the price for heating costs has the same indicators in summer and winter. This means that payments for the received heating will be equal both in January and in July;
you can choose the method of seasonal payments for heat when metering devices are installed, which is why most residents apartment building prefer the installation of common house heat supply meters.

When comparing prices for all year round or seasonally it is striking that the costs will be lower with the second method.

Gas and electric heating

At the first opportunity, most property owners want to get out of the centralized heating system so as not to pay for heating in the summer. Alternative choice - offline connection gas and electric boilers.

However, in reality, with such methods of obtaining thermal energy in apartments, many problematic situations arise. The main one is the consent of the management company for the installation of such units in a residential area. In cases of legal installation, the following situations occur:

payments for gas consumption will be collected on general conditions. Before paying for the resources received, you need to put a gas consumption meter;
in addition to this, you will have to pay for the heat supply of common areas in the building, the recalculation of heating in such a case is described above;
it is forbidden to connect boiler equipment to the centralized heating system, having turned off the system in advance, as this will cause the circuit of the house to open.

Recalculation of the payment for heating in your favor is also possible when arranging electric heat supply in the apartment. When it is installed, preferential tariffs are issued from companies that supply electricity. But this is only possible when there is no gas supply in the house. If it is present, then the price for electricity is charged on general terms.

It is also possible to achieve a recalculation for heating when applying for benefits and subsidies. But it is very difficult to do so at present. Even if the entire package of documentation is provided, refusal is possible, and it will take a lot of time to confirm requests for payment reductions. At the same time, the question of whether it is necessary to pay in the non-heating season, the managing organizations decide only in their favor.

Individual metering devices

Installing individual metering devices in an apartment does not mean that you have to pay only for the consumed heat energy. Some arrange underfloor heating in their homes, which are mounted with common system heat supply, while others install multi-section batteries. At the same time, they pay the bill for heating on a general basis. AT similar situations profitable to put individual heat meter energy consumption.

If there is a heat meter in the apartment, then the consumer pays only for the heat energy that entered this specific room. After all, the indicators are taken from the pipes that are installed at the inlet and outlet. The difference in the readings will be the amount of energy received that came into this particular room, for which you will have to pay a fee. There is also another advantageous nuance. When water enters below the standards, heating is not calculated at all.

Unauthorized installation of metering devices in residential premises is prohibited. Such work must be carried out by employees of authorized licensed organizations that are allowed to do so. For installation, it is necessary to draw up a project and agree on it, which can cost much more than a metering device.

In addition, there are technical problems. In the presence of horizontal wiring, questions usually do not arise. Counters are placed on the inlet and outlet pipes. But in reality in high-rise buildings- vertical wiring, that is, risers are present in all rooms. In this case, mounting a counter on each pipe is too expensive.

It is possible to put distributors on each battery for energy calculation at the place of installation. Then, according to the readings taken, the amount of energy for each unit of indicators is calculated. Then, multiplying this number with the readings of the distributor, the final result will come out, according to which the payment for heat is made.

Conclusion

However, the presence of distributors will not give the only true indicator for the consumed heat, because whether it is installed even on a small battery, even on many sections, it will determine the same numbers. At the same time, several sections will give more heat energy. In addition, for calculating heat supply in this way, it is necessary: that the house has a common meter, 75 percent of the owners have distributors, and thermostats are installed on the batteries.

When paying for heating with distributors, the question arises - how to check the correctness of the calculation? In order not to calculate the monthly cost, the management company allows preliminary rates, at which property owners pay. The administration of the Criminal Code carries out calculations in accordance with the readings of metering devices. You need to recalculate the heating and adjust it twice a year. At the same time, the difference between payments made and actual consumption is calculated, in accordance with which tariffs are reduced or added.

This helps to reduce the cost of heat supply services, but only when water is supplied to the apartment below the norm. In other cases, this is not beneficial.

How profitable is the calculation of heating according to a common house meter? How is payment calculated when using it? How can you really save on heating? Let's try to understand these rather painful issues for Russians.

Why is it needed

Let's discuss the most important point. By itself, the counter saves nothing. It's just a meter.

If, thanks to the good insulation of the house, good-quality glazing of the entrances, plastic windows and facades covered with a “fur coat” made of foam or mineral wool, heat losses are minimized - after installing the meter, residents will receive bills with more modest numbers.

If the access heating heats the street, and the apartments are mostly poorly insulated, the price of heat in the house may well increase.

Please note: in itself, the assessment of the benefits and disadvantages of house meters does not affect anything. According to federal law №261 residential buildings should be equipped with metering devices. Dot.

So who benefits from paying for heating at a common house meter? What are the goals of the law?

More accurate and fair pay distribution. In fact, if the residents of one house have invested significant funds in its insulation, and the residents of another are indifferent to the preservation of heat, it would be wrong to force them to pay at a single tariff. At least, this point of view is preferred by representatives of public utilities.

Stimulation of residents of apartment buildings to save heat is an argument that already looks much more convincing. Unfortunately, economic stimulation is more effective than any persuasion. If a person knows that a broken glass in the entrance or an open door will be a burden on his budget, be sure that the glass will be safer and the doors will close very tightly.
Finally, the most frustrating thing for us consumers utilities. Law No. 261 completely and completely shifts the care of common property from utilities to us.

Yes, earlier payment for heating entrances and attics was taken from the amounts that we paid for heating; but the amounts themselves were tied only to the current tariff. The management company had to take care of the condition of the common property of the house, and for a fixed fee.

And in general any "communes".

Payment calculation

How is heating calculated for common house needs and for apartments?

Scenario 1

The apartment does not have its own heat meter.

The situation is typical for houses built before the turn of the economy to the capitalist rails. Actually, most of the houses in the post-Soviet space are heated by standing heating systems, in which, if individual metering devices are installed, then on EVERY battery. Which, to put it mildly, is costly.

First, the cost of heating one square meter is determined. Heat consumption at current tariffs for the reporting period, registered by the meter, is divided by the total area of all residential and non-residential heated premises.

Then the share of the apartment in the common house property is determined. It is easy to calculate it.

It remains only to add up the area of the apartment itself, the area of its share in the common property of the house and multiply the amount received by the cost of heating per square meter.

Scenario 2

How to calculate heating for general house needs and an apartment, if there are individual meters in the apartments? The layout of new buildings provides for horizontal wiring from the risers inside the apartment, and it is quite possible to mount the meter.

You quite predictably pay for the heating of your apartment, based on the readings of an individual meter.
The amount of heat that is provided to the common area - entrances, attics, etc. - this is the difference between the sum of the readings of the general house and all individual counters.
Your share of the heat cost for general needs is calculated in exactly the same way as in the previous scenario: it is proportional to the area of your apartment.

Scenario 3

How much will the residents of those apartments pay for heat, in which there are no individual metering devices, if they are installed in other apartments?

The payment scheme is also clear and logical:

Heat consumption is recorded for all individual and common house meters;
The difference is the cost of heating apartments without meters and the common area. We calculate the cost of heating one square meter according to the readings taken, after which we calculate the payment according to the area of apartments that are not equipped with meters and shares in common property.

How to save on heating

As we have already found out, the calculation of general house heating in itself is not always beneficial. What measures can bring real savings?

Individual metering devices in combination with thermostatic heads or chokes. In this case, you pay only for the heat that you really need. In addition, in this case, you are less dependent on the consciousness and common sense of your neighbors.

What is the practical implementation?

A heat meter is installed at the heating input to the apartment. It must be sealed by representatives of the organization that sells you heat.
Thermostats or chokes are installed on the connections to heating devices. Chokes are somewhat cheaper; in the very budget option the adjustment function can be assigned even to conventional valves. However, adjusting the temperature of the radiator with a valve is not a trivial task.

Please note: it is better not to use screw valves. Rubber gaskets can block the gap with a half-closed valve at the most inopportune moment, leaving you without heat. Actually, about this type of valves in our time, you can completely forget.

The ideal option is, of course, mechanical or digital thermostats. The head is installed in such a way that it is not in the flow of hot air rising from the heater. After calibration, it is able, with acceptable accuracy, to maintain exactly the patency of the liner, which is necessary to maintain the desired temperature in the room.

What if you have a standing heating system? Putting metering devices on each radiator is a project with a very dubious payback. In addition to the huge initial costs, you will have to pay for their periodic maintenance, verification and possible repairs.

Part of the problem can be solved by the so-called heat cost allocator. What it is? A simple electronic thermometer that continuously reads and records the surface temperature of a radiator and the air in a room.

The device is cheap and extremely easy to install with your own hands: it is attached directly to the surface of the heater.

Knowing thermal power each battery, the temperature of the air and the radiator during the month and the total heat consumption by all radiators, it is possible to estimate the heat consumption in each apartment with sufficient reliability. As a result, we will get a serious incentive to save heat energy, since we will pay only our own expenses.

Nuance: for a reliable assessment of the comparative consumption of thermal energy, at least 75 percent of heating appliances in the house.

The device allows you to evaluate the actual heat transfer of the radiator. Its retail price is about 1 thousand rubles.

Another solution that can reduce TOTAL costs is an automatic substation. Devices are in demand to a greater extent among organizations: at a cost of 400,000 rubles, they provide a significant reduction in the cost of heating the house as a whole, but they do not solve the problems of relationships between residents.

How does such a device work?

Remote temperature sensors monitor outdoor temperature on the street. When calculating temperature chart the most advanced devices take into account the degree of insulation of the building and its thermal inertia. Coolant temperature and permeability thermal unit adapted to the actual heat demand.

When using automatic control of the heating system, common house heating meters begin to bring real benefits.

Accounting problems

As usual, any innovation brings with it a lot of new problems. What troubles should we expect from the next initiative of the government?

The first pitfall awaits us already at the stage of implementation of the legislation. You see, the initiative comes from the government. But the residents themselves must pay for the common house meters for heating, and their installation.

Sometimes we are talking about very significant amounts. The introduction of general house accounting will cost from 150 thousand rubles. Calculate the costs of each apartment for, say, a small 10-unit two-story house not difficult.

Heat metering systems are quite expensive. The fewer apartments in the house, the greater the amount that each tenant will pay.

However: houses in emergency, to be demolished and those where the cost of a meter with installation is comparable to a six-month payment for heat, are not subject to law No. 261.

Residents of non-privatized apartments do not participate in the payment for the installation of metering devices. Their costs are covered by the municipality.

It would seem that one can only rejoice; but the costs are significant! And the budget is not rubber. Municipal organizations will have to save on purchases for current repairs and maintenance of housing, which is not so happy.

Maintenance of the metering device includes periodic cleaning of filters, mud collectors, repair of valves in front of the meter and after it. In addition, after the end of the one-year warranty, all subsequent repairs of the device itself are paid by the tenants. Moreover, in a very curious way: under this item of expenditure, payment for the maintenance of housing increases.

That is, regardless of whether the meter is broken or serviceable, we pay for its repair.

The managing organization, after installing a house metering device, finds itself in a delicate position.

On the one hand, it must pay monthly for the consumed energy. In the absence of payment, the supplier can simply stop the heat supply by closing the valves in his well. What consequences this may have in severe frosts - I think it is not necessary to explain.

On the other hand, among tenants there is always a certain percentage of non-payers. Each organization deals with this problem in its own way; however, the management will have a very strong temptation to distribute the shortage among those apartments that regularly pay for heat. There were precedents.

Finally, the law lacks a clear instruction on what to do in the event of a device failure. Several incidents have been reported in the press where a technical malfunction resulted in tenants being billed three times their normal bill.

At the same time, the solution to the problem was, to put it mildly, strange: the authorities went to meet the inhabitants of the houses, giving them ... an installment plan to pay the full amount of the debt.

Useful little things

Finally - a small amount of purely technical information about in-house metering devices.

With low heat consumption and high pressure in the heating system, it is allowed to install the cheapest mechanical meters. With a high flow rate and low pressure, an ultrasonic or electromagnetic device will give greater accuracy. Actually, most of the house meters are ultrasonic.

Along with heating, metering devices measure the consumption of hot water. Relatively recently, counters have appeared with a very useful for domestic realities function: they consider water with a temperature below 40C as cold with a corresponding price adjustment.

When introducing heat metering in an apartment building, it is very useful to conduct a so-called energy audit: to identify places of heat leakage and recommend measures to reduce them. The event, however, is quite costly. For residents of a medium-sized 5-storey building, the cost exceeds 50 thousand rubles, for a nine-story building - 100 thousand.

For mechanical meters, it is not enough to install conventional mud collectors and coarse filters. A magnetic-mechanical filter is needed to delay the inevitable steel pipes scale and rust.

Such a filter will retain metal particles, the size of which allows it to pass through the mesh.

In light of the regular increase in the cost of utilities, consumers are increasingly asking questions about how to pay less for electricity, gas, water and, of course, heating, the price of which bites the most. And if the owners of private households are faced with a quite simple and realistic task to accomplish - to increase the efficiency of heat preservation of their homes, put a good boiler and change battered batteries to new ones, with regulators, then the owners of apartments in high-rise buildings can only rely on the sanity of the service provider and it is logical reasonable rates. Many uninitiated people are interested in the quite reasonable question of why we pay for heating in the summer. In today's article, we will try to answer it, and also look into such nuances as the cost of apartment heating services and possible ways to reduce it.

Reasonable question

So, let's first find out why we pay for heating in the summer, although the batteries in the apartments become cold as early as mid-May, if not earlier. This "injustice" worries a large number of people. It is especially relevant for those who have just begun to comprehend the basics of the science of paying for utilities, because older people know that in this way the amount in payments that come to the population monthly is reduced.

According to the state level Decree, at the end of each winter season, the services responsible for supplying heat to the apartments calculate and adjust the cost of the services they provide. The tariffs for heating, which the owners of personal accounts will see in receipts, depend on many factors, but the cost of the energy carrier is fundamental. It also includes a fee for the communication service, their Maintenance and modernization, payment wages, taxes. The final price as a result is broken down not by the number of months that actually make up the heating season, but by the entire calendar year. Thus, the financial burden on apartment owners is reduced.

Solution from above

This is a nationwide practice that can be changed at the discretion of local authorities, when a different payment schedule is adopted by a collective decision, and people contribute funds for using the service, albeit in larger size but not throughout the year. Then the tenants of the apartments do not have a question about why we pay for heating in the summer, but this does not mean at all that during the warm season in the “Heating” column they will have zeros.

The service provider may charge a certain amount, which will be calculated not for direct heat supply, but, for example, for mains maintenance. Of course, the cost of heating in the summer will then be much lower than others, but in the winter they will have to seriously fork out.

How is the rate calculated?

The amount that is written in the column "payable" consists of two components. First of all, this is the direct cost of the service for providing heat to each individual apartment, but the receipt also includes compensation from residents for the fact that the management company heats common areas, and not just square meters that fall under private property. What does it mean? The fact that the tariffs for heating include the supply of heat to the entrance, flights of stairs, corridors, basements. By the way, apartment residents have to pay with their hard-earned money not only directly for hot batteries, but also for other components that make up the cost of heating, which we have already mentioned a little higher.

This is the main answer to the question of why we pay for heating all year round. Indeed, if the payment were calculated only at the time of actual use of the service, it would be too high, especially considering the current price for this utility service.

Since July 2017, the national tariff has increased by an average of 4%. On the this moment it is not the same in different regions, although there are no significant differences. So, in the capital it is 1747 rubles / Gcal, in St. Petersburg - 1678 rubles, Tula - 1782 rubles, Pskov - 1720 rubles, Kazan - 1647 rubles, Perm - 1820 rubles, Saratov - 1819 rubles, Novosibirsk - 1394 rubles, Chelyabinsk - 1211 rubles.

constant variable

Payment for heating in summer and winter is usually the same and is calculated according to the main formula, which looks like this:

Payment \u003d consumption standard x total area of \u200b\u200bhousing x tariff.

The consumption standard is also calculated by the service provider once a year. Let's note one more nuance. In the case when an individual heating meter is not installed in an apartment or house, the tariff is recalculated upward according to a factor of 1.6. That is, in fact, the amount in the payment increases by 60% due to the lack of a device that reads the amount of thermal energy that the residential building uses.

An important nuance in the matter of pricing is the duration of the heating season. Many Russians are concerned about the question of whether it is legal to pay for heating in the summer if the batteries were turned off in the middle of spring due to favorable weather conditions. In theory, the heat communal service should recalculate and take into account the actual overpayment for the next period, thereby reducing the next payment, but, alas, it is almost impossible to control this in practice.

As practice shows, utility services occur annually. At the moment, the authorities do not foresee sharp jumps in heating prices, according to government officials, this difference should not exceed the inflation rate included in the budget.

However, in any case, the population is faced with a rather acute need to optimize the use of energy resources. It can help to save money. It is installed on an individual basis by special services after agreement with the service provider. However, this issue has its own pitfalls.

Don't be fooled!

One of the main misconceptions among those who have just set out to install such a device in their housing is that they will have to pay only for the amount of thermal energy that actually gets into the apartment. However, heating bills during the summer may still be included in the total utility bill. Another question is that the amount will appear there is insignificant, since it will be a payment for heating the entrance and some other price components.

There is also a significant difference in where exactly the counter is located. It can be shared or residential. for heating in the first case? The person responsible for carrying out the calculations calculates how much the heating of the entire house cost during the reporting period, and, dividing given number for the number of apartments (taking into account the square meters of each of them), will distribute the entire amount between their owners.

How to reduce heat consumption?

If your house has an individual heating system, then it is important to learn how to save on heating, because how much you have to pay for this service depends largely on you. First of all, it is necessary to minimize the possible ways of heat dissipation to the street:

put good windows;
replace entrance doors or eliminate the gaps in the opening;
insulate walls and ceilings.

It is very important to know how to use modern technologies. A occupancy-sensing thermostat instructs the system to increase or decrease the heat in the room as needed. You can also do this manually by installing control valves on batteries.

Use less = pay less?

These recommendations will be useful not only for "individuals", they are also good for those who use central heating. Qualitatively insulated walls and windows will better preserve normal temperature in the apartment, especially considering the fact that not all boiler rooms meet the standards.

So, according to the standards, in winter the temperature in the living room should be within 20-23 degrees, in the kitchen and in the toilet - 19-21 degrees, and in the bathroom - at least 24 degrees. In fact, we have 16-18 degrees, which, according to the law, are possible only in lobbies, entrances and inter-apartment corridors. So it turns out that by warming up or using you will not save money, but you will be able to create a more favorable microclimate in your house, but the question of why we pay for heating in the summer will remain open (given the level of services provided).

Investment for the future

When the house has an autonomous heating system, or at least a meter, it is more beneficial for apartment owners in terms of cost savings. So the communal in any case will be cheaper to manage. But it is even more profitable to have counters right in the apartment. Before installing this appliance, you need to find out how the system is organized in your home. Pipes can be looped and run along the perimeter of the apartment from one room to another, but there are buildings where heating risers are installed. Then the counter will need to be placed on each of them, and this will turn out to be an impressive amount. However, such an acquisition in any case will pay off pretty quickly.

I don't want to and won't?

In today's article, we discussed whether we have to pay for heating in the summer. Yes, such a fee is quite reasonable, because it helps to reduce the burden of material costs placed on our own wallets. However, in some cases it is possible to agree with the service provider not to break down the annual cost of heating into 12 months and to pay for it only after the fact. To do this, it is necessary to renegotiate the contract with the utility, in which the subscriber and the supplier will agree on a new schedule and amount of the monthly payment.

Often, after the next payment of unbearable heating bills, residents of apartment buildings feel deceived. In some apartments, you have to constantly freeze, in others, on the contrary, they open windows to ventilate the premises from excess heat. These examples show how imperfect centralized system heat supply, and payment for heat is unfair.

To solve the above problems allows the installation of apartment heating meters. In this case, apartment owners who plan to install a thermal energy controller as the final stage of preparing housing for insulation receive the maximum possible benefit.

Before proceeding to the choice of a metering device and calculating the required amount of energy, it is recommended to understand the schemes of thermal wiring of apartment buildings:

Single-pipe schemes with a vertical type of wiring - it is necessary to install one meter per riser and a temperature sensor for each of the radiators.
Two-pipe schemes with a vertical type of wiring - installation of a separate metering device and a temperature sensor for each radiator is required.
One-pipe schemes with horizontal type wiring - it is enough to install one heat meter per riser.

In the presence of the first two wiring diagrams in an apartment building, residents often stop at the option of installing a common house meter. If the wiring is designed according to the third type, then the installation of a separate meter for the apartment will be most beneficial.

Types of heat meters

As measuring instruments ultrasonic or mechanical controllers of thermal energy consumption can be used to determine the volume of liquid passed through each of the radiators.

The simplest according to the constructive and functional features are counters mechanical type. The operation of these devices is based on the conversion of the translational energy of fluid movement into rotational movements of the measuring elements.

Ultrasonic models are based on the measurement of the time difference during the passage of ultrasonic vibrations both in the direction of the fluid flow and against the flow.

Most ultrasonic heat meters are powered by independent energy sources in the form of lithium batteries.

The charge of such batteries is usually sufficient for continuous operation for more than 10 years.

What is needed to install a heat meter?

To install a separate meter in an apartment building, you will need the following:

obtain information about the technical conditions of the installation from the heat supply organization or the balance holder of the building;
develop an installation project by attracting specialists who have a license to carry out this type of activity;
carry out the installation of the heat meter, strictly following the requirements specifications and previously developed installation project;
conclude an agreement with the supplier of thermal energy on payment based on the meter readings.

The main nuances in the calculation of heat

A common situation is when housing is purchased immediately after the completion of the construction of an apartment building. One of the main problems in this case is the independent calculation of the necessary heat supply and the installation of the heating system with your own hands.

To deal with the required amount of thermal energy for quality heating housing is required:

Decide on heat transfer - the number of battery sections in each room, as well as the competent location of radiators in the room.
Choose reliable, efficient pipes.
Decide which one shut-off valves will be installed.
Choose the most efficient type of radiators, taking into account the features of a centralized heating system.

An extremely important nuance is the installation of an individual meter at the entrance to housing. Benefit typical for modern new buildings horizontal wiring allows you to install the meter with minimal cost. Combined with automatic or manual adjustment heat flow a heat meter will give tangible savings.

The formula for calculating heating for apartment buildings according to a common meter

The most common option in high-rise building the installation of a common meter for calculating the consumed thermal energy is in favor.

When installing a single metering device on the riser of an apartment building, the calculation is made according to the formula - Po.i = Si * Vt * TT, where:

Si is the total area of an apartment building;
Vt - the amount of heat energy consumed on average per month, based on indicators for the entire prior year(Gcal/sq.m.);
TT - tariffs for the consumption of thermal energy (rubles/Gcal).

Divide the meter readings taken from the previous year by 12 months.
Divide the resulting value by the total area of the building, taking into account all heated premises: basements, attics, entrances (we will get the consumption of thermal energy by each square of the area on average per month).

Based on the foregoing, several logical questions arise. First of all, how to determine the indicators of energy consumption in the house for the previous year, if a common meter has just been installed? Everything is pretty simple. The first year after the installation of the meter, the tenants pay, as before - according to the tariffs. Only in next year You can use the above formula to accurately calculate your monthly payment.

How to calculate the required amount of heat based on the area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment?

The calculation of the amount of required thermal energy for a particular apartment is made using a simple formula. So, for 10 square meters of living space, on average, no more than a kilowatt of heat is required. Available values are adjusted on the basis of special regional coefficients:

for houses that are heated in the southern regions of the country, required amount energy should be multiplied by a factor of 0.9;
for the European part of the country, in particular the Moscow region, a coefficient of 1.3 is used;
for the extreme northern and eastern regions, the need for heat during heating increases by 1.5–2 times.

An example of self-calculation for a separate apartment

As an example, it is enough to give a simple calculation of heating. Let's say that calculations are being made of the required amount of thermal energy for housing, which is located in an apartment building in the Amur Region.

As you know, this region is characterized by rather severe climatic conditions.

Let's take an apartment in a multi-storey building with an area of 60 m2. As noted above, heating 10 m2 of housing requires approximately a kilowatt of thermal energy. Based on the climate characteristics of the above area, in this case, a regional coefficient of 1.7 will be used.

We translate from units to tens the area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment, getting an indicator of 6, which we multiply by a value of 1.7. As a result, we calculate the required value of 10.2 kilowatts or 10,200 watts.

Possible errors

The above calculation method is incredibly simple. However, there are significant errors here, the cause of which may be the following:

The amount of required thermal energy is more tied to the volume of the room. It is quite natural that more heat is required to heat apartments with a ceiling height of about 3 meters.
The presence of a significant number of windows and doors in comparison with monolithic walls increases the consumption of thermal energy.
It is easy to guess that the heat consumption for apartments located at the ends and in the middle of the building, in the presence of standard radiators, is extremely different.

Instructions for calculating heat according to the volume of living space

The basic, standardized value of sufficient heat output per cubic meter of apartment space is 40 watts. On its basis, it is possible to calculate the required amount of heat both for housing as a whole and for individual rooms.

In order to calculate as accurately as possible a sufficient amount of thermal energy, it is necessary not only to multiply the volume indicators by a value of 40, but also to add about 100 watts for each window and 200 watts for the door. Ultimately, the same regional coefficients should be applied as in the case of calculations by housing area.