Our apple orchard. Apple orchard: modern technologies Apple orchard passport
In a limestone quarry
Ecological passport
2016
Municipal state educational institution
"Insurance secondary school
named after V.D. Polenov "(preschool groups)
301003, Tula region, Zaoksky district, Lanshinsky village, Shkolnaya st., 1 Phone: 8-487-343-38-36
The total number of children attending preschool groups in 2016 is 24, according to the project - 42.
The total number of staff is 18 people.
The number of different age groups - 2.
The staff of preschool groups: senior teacher, educators - 3 people, assistant educators - 3 people, music workers - 1 person, physical education instructor - 1 person.
Collection of paleontological fossils
Collection of minerals
Historical flora and fauna of the Zaoksky district
Household items of the Russian people
3.3. Cabinet of nature
The school has a center for cognitive activity, which has an experimental center equipped with all the necessary material and equipment for conducting elementary experiments, experiments on familiarization with objects of animate and inanimate nature. It has a center of water and sand. Various materials are located in the experimental zone: shells, stones, seeds, bark, leaves of various plants, didactic aids, natural maps of Russia and the world, a globe, microscopes, including an electronic one. There is everything you need for breeding indoor and garden flowers.The nature room is equipped with the necessary equipment to familiarize children with nature:
In both groups there are various indoor plants, which are a variety of plant shapes, leaves, flowers. The most common plants in groups: Benjamin's ficus and rubber, African lily, syngonium, hoya, deciduous begonias, ivy, hibiscus, tradescantia, pelargonium.
3.4. Museum of History and Local Lore
A huge help in solving the environmental problems of education is schoollocal history museum an institution that contains excellent samples of fossil organisms, minerals, many photographs and other visual material about the native land and countries of the world. The exhibits of the museum invariably arouse great interest in children of any age. The head of the museum is a historian with extensive experience in pedagogical and local history work and an enthusiast. Permanent exhibitions of the museum:
4 . The impact of preschool educational institutions on the environment.
The staff of the institution tries to ensure that not only children, but also adults are environmentally literate, so all kindergarten employees are informed on a monthly basis about the use and saving of water and electricity. By keeping the school grounds and around them in proper order, we thereby set guidelines for the entire village.
4.1. Water use.
The school uses water from a local well, which is used for cooking and drinking, washing dishes, washing toys, cleaning group rooms, service areas and corridors, washing hands and face, rinsing the mouth, watering flower beds and a vegetable garden. All water taps, bathrooms work properly, in case of breakage, repairs are carried out immediately. To save water when watering flowerbeds and beds, with the help of parents, barrels were placed under the roof of the school to collect rainwater.
4.2. Energy use.
The school uses economical lamps and fluorescent lamps, lamps for street lighting DRL, an electric stove. The team monitors energy savings throughout the day. Electricity is also saved due to large plastic windows, due to the glass doors of the central entrance.
4.3. Heating
The school has its own modular boiler room, so we can regulate the temperature as we see fit.
4.4. Waste.
Waste at school is divided into: food; packaging (cans, boxes, ropes); construction (trimming boards, tiles); household (incandescent lamps, plumbing); up to 8 kg of waste is thrown out per day. Part of the packaging, building materials is recycled for the manufacture of props and crafts.
4.5. household chemicals.
Sanitary and hygienic treatment of the premises of the institution is carried out using soda ash, "Sanitary", "Progress", chlorine-containing disinfectant "Zhavelar", there are instructions on the use of these funds. Washing and washing powders, toilet soap for washing hands are also used; "Pemolux", "Pemoksol" - for cleaning plumbing (sinks, toilet bowls). Disinfection of the premises, the fight against rodents, cockroaches and insects is carried out by the district SES on a contractual basis. An irradiator is used to disinfect the premises of the groups.
5. Professional and methodological training
5.1. Programs, methods, didactic materials.
An experienced team of educators (former teachers) and specialists work in preschool groups, who use in their work the main general educational program of preschool education of the institution, which is built in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard. Main general education program:" From birth to school" edited by N. E. Veraksa , T. S. Komarova, M. A. Vasilyeva.In the work on environmental education, as a variable part of our curriculum, we use the program of S. Nikolaeva "Young Ecologist".
To implement the tasks of the ecological development of children in the preschool educational institution, there is the necessary methodological support.Literature is divided into 3 sections: methodical literature, literature for children, literature for parents. There is a necessary number of didactic aids for doing cognitive activities. Methodical and didactic aids are constantly increasing due to the acquisitions of educators, gifts from parents and due to hand-made production.
5.2. Organization of professional and methodical training of pedagogical staff.
Teachers of preschool groups constantly improve their professional level, including on issues of environmental education of preschoolers.
The improvement of pedagogical skills in preschool educational institutions takes place in various forms: through seminars, teachers' councils, consultations, distance courses, Internet sites, methodological manuals. Educators, former teachers of a comprehensive school, widely educated employees.
5.3. Main areas of work.
Ecological classes are held with children throughout the year, daily observations on walks. Children take care of plants and animals (we have a grape snail, a budgerigar, an aquatic turtle, a guinea pig, a decorative rabbit), in the spring they grow seedlings for flower beds, plant turnips, pea seeds, plant seedlings of flowers in flower beds, water plantings, collect grass for pets for the winter, birds and squirrels are fed in winter. Some projects are long-term, lasting all year (for example, the project for growing flowers in the flowerbeds “Blossoming beauty with your own hands”), thus preschoolers of all ages take part in creating a beautiful territory, learn how to work with soil, seeds and flowers, learn to respect to the living.
6. Working with parents.
Parents take part in the preparation of the holidays and act as actors, participate in exhibitions, make bird feeders and squirrels, birdhouses, decorate the territory with wooden products. So, during 2014-2015 we received 3 feeders, 5 wooden mushrooms and 4 chairs, 3 benches as a gift. In 2015, the school staff and parents built a house and hung out 2 birdhouses. There are very active parents who constantly interact with educators, who supply the groups with manuals, toys, planting material, etc., thereby providing the necessary material assistance. In 2015, parents took part in the People's Budget 2016 project to build a new path on the school grounds.
7. Conclusions.
The flora and fauna of the territory of preschool groups and the adjacent territory in the village of Lanshinsky is very diverse and is used for the purpose of environmental education. It is necessary to continue the cultivation of the school grounds. an important task is to replace the school fence.
MKOU Polovino-Cheremkhovskaya secondary school them. V. Bybina
Children's Public Association "Isaykina Zaimka"
Project "Our Apple Orchard"
and Gribova Elizoveta
Project Manager: Chistova
Tatyana Stepanovna,
teacher of Russian language,
head of the pre-school organization "Isaykina Zaimka"
Justification of the project.
In MKOU Polovino-Cheremkhovskaya secondary school of the Taishet region, the children's public association of local history "Isaykina Zaimka" has been operating for many years. The field of activity of the detachment is wide. There are skills in both environmental work and forestry. We have successfully participated in all-Russian, regional, district, local environmental campaigns: "Green Russia", "More Oxygen!", "The Future of the Baikal Region", "Clean Village", etc.
But our main concern is the preservation of the history of our native school, village, district. In the archive of the public association there are memories of students of the 50-60s about the work of a circle of young naturalists, about experimental work in the school garden, flower garden. A wonderful orchard at the school site is remembered by many residents of the village of Polovino-Cheremkhovo. Until last year, a lonely wild apple tree was alive on the site of the former garden, but it also withered: either from resentment, or from old age ...
We studied the history of the issue.
In the 50s, gardens began to be actively cultivated in Siberia. Such was the policy of the party and the government. And the people, after the terrible war, strove to live more prosperously, more beautifully, richer. New zoned varieties of fruit and berry crops have appeared, frost-resistant, abundantly fruiting. A beautiful garden was planted at our school in 1950. Biology was taught by Solomina Nadezhda Ivanovna. This indefatigable worker and enthusiast managed to make her associates the director of the school, the school staff, and the Komsomol members of the village. They worked hard to clear the area. Three separate gardens were laid: with fruit trees (mainly Siberian apple trees), with fruit and berry bushes (plum, cherry, sweet cherry, bird cherry, currant, raspberry) and a flower garden. The garden lived separately. In the early 1960s, the garden was already bearing fruit. The garden was the pride of the school. But the construction of a new school building in the 80s ruined this beauty: the old school building was demolished, a huge construction site was cleared, the apple trees fell under the knife of a bulldozer.
The garden remained only in black and white photographs from the school archive. Looking at these photos, we somehow came to the conclusion that history can be revived!
And we decided to grow a new school apple orchard.
The school garden is an integral part of the history of the school, its heritage. This project allows students, teachers, parents to touch the historical past of the school, its present and future. Work in this project makes it possible to form and show patriotic qualities, an active life position and develop the abilities of artists, designers, gardeners, and researchers in children.
The Apple Orchard project is aimed at solving environmental, pedagogical and social problems. The project is long-term - the implementation period is not limited by time frames.
Target: lay and grow an apple orchard in the school area; create conditions for environmental education and education, increase the social activity of students through their inclusion in practical activities for the design of the school territory.
Tasks:
Touch the historical past of the school, its present and future;
To study the ecology and biology of apple trees;
To work out the technology of planting fruit trees and caring for them;
Plant seedlings of zoned varieties;
Plant wild animals grown from seeds in the school area, with the aim of further stocking cuttings of varietal apple trees on them;
Plan experimental work for further research;
Carry out propaganda work based on the results of their activities;
Education of a sense of beauty in relation to the nature of the native land, diligence;
Education of the general culture of the population, tolerance;
The development of creative thinking, research skills, communication skills, the ability to plan and analyze one's activities, to predict options for the consequences of one's actions.
Project idea: Planting a school apple orchard.
Revival of the tradition of school gardening.
The main stages of the project, the implementation mechanism:
Stage 1 (2014-2015): familiarization with the technology of planting fruit trees and caring for them. Choosing a site for planting a garden. Determining the quality of the soil. Consultation with specialists and experienced gardeners of the village.
Stage 2 (2015-2016): site preparation for an apple orchard. Garbage collection. Planting hole preparation. Planting seedlings and wild game in the ground and subsequent care for them. Experimental planning.
Stage 3 (2016-2017): grafting rootstocks of zoned apple varieties by various methods. Care and supervision of them. Beginning of experimental work on the study of methods of inoculation.
Summing up the intermediate results of the project implementation at each stage.
Research methods:
- Method of studying literary sources. Reading and analysis of printed materials on the subject of interest. Using the acquired knowledge to plan their own research and practical activities. Work with archival funds of the school (study of archival materials, official documents, statistical data).
- observation method. Carrying out phenological observations, taking into account the productivity of plants, evaluating the decorativeness of plants, determining the resistance of plants to diseases, adverse weather conditions.
-Method of analysis and generalization. Analysis of observational data and generalization of the material in the form of tables and diagrams in order to implement research materials in practice.
-Use of materials of search work in the activities of the future school museum.
Initiative group of the project: participants of the pre-school organization "Isaykina Zaimka".
Target group of the project: students and teachers of MKOU Polovino-Cheremkhovskaya secondary school.
Social partnership: Municipality Polovino-Cheremkhovskaya rural administration, Department of Education of the Taishet district (TsTR and GO "Rainbow" Station of young naturalists), LLC "Siberian gardener"
(village of Malinovka, Cheremkhovsky district).
Project Implementation Plan:
| Responsible | Performers |
|||
| Creation of an initiative group for planning, preparation and implementation of the project. | Chistova T.S. head of preschool | |||
| Negotiations with the administration of the school and the village on the allotment of a plot of land for a garden. Determining the quality of the soil. Consultation with an experienced local gardener Kalyagina G.V. | Kindergarten "Isaykina Zaimka", biology teacher |
|||
| Acquaintance with the technology of planting fruit trees and caring for them. Consultations with biology teacher Severina A.L. | DOO "Isaykina Zaimka" |
|||
| Site preparation for an apple orchard: garbage collection, leveling and rolling of the soil | DOO "Isaykina Zaimka" | 10-11 grades |
||
| Purchase of seedlings, cultivation of game seeds. | Chistova T.S. head of the preschool educational institution, Severina A.L., biology teacher | Students in grades 5-6 |
||
| Planting hole preparation. Planting seedlings and wild game in the ground and subsequent care for them. | DOO "Isaykina Zaimka" | Students in grades 7-8 |
||
| Presentation of the project in the rural house of culture and at the summer recreation site. | DOO "Isaykina Zaimka" | |||
| Introduction to the system of additional education of the school of a circle of young biologists or naturalists. Optimization of environmental work at school (work plan see appendix) | Biology teacher | 5-11 grades |
||
| Experimental planning. | Biology teacher | 6-10 grades |
||
| Grafting of rootstocks of zoned apple varieties by various methods. Care and supervision of them. Beginning of experimental work on the study of methods of inoculation. | Biology teacher | Biology circle |
||
| Summing up the intermediate results of the project implementation. | At every stage. | Chistova T.S., head of preschool | DOO "Isaykina Zaimka" |
Expected Result.
The theoretical and practical significance of this project is enormous. We believe that the results of the work on the revival of the tradition of school gardening can be used to solve the problems of environmental and moral education not only for children, but also for adults.
As a result of the work on the project, a school garden will be laid, the technology of planting apple trees will be worked out, seedlings and wild animals will be planted in the school area, and experimental work will be laid.
This work has favorable prospects associated with a change in the design of the school yard, the revival of the traditions of school gardening.
We, the authors of the project, are sure that, having mastered the methods of growing apple trees, schoolchildren and adults, residents of the Siberian village, will not stop only at the school site. Having grown an apple tree at school, everyone will want to do the same at home. After all, all this can be done without special costs and devices.
I would like to hope that the problem of reviving the traditions of Siberian gardening will not leave our countrymen indifferent. Many more schoolchildren and adult nature lovers will join the movement for the beauty and wealth of their native land, thanks to which our fertile Taishet LAND will flourish!
Reviving the school garden, we revive our spirituality.
Literature: 1. "ABC gardener"
2. Goncharova L.A. "Siberian apple trees"
3. Kichina V.V. "Columnar apple trees"
2. Serova E.N. "Apple tree"
Appendix 1. Environmental Work Plan (annual)
| № p/p | Event | Timing | Responsible |
| Meeting of the initiative group for planning, preparation and implementation of the project | School administration |
||
| Operation Schoolyard. Organization and holding of ecological subbotniks | Annually | Classroom teachers |
|
| Environmental campaign "We are for a clean village" | Annually | ||
| Competition of decorative art from natural material "I want to be friends with nature" | Annually, September, March | technology teacher |
|
| "Wildlife" - reader's conference | Annually, October | Librarian |
|
| Quiz "Do you know the land of Taishet?" dedicated to the Earth Day | Annually, February | A history teacher |
|
| School environmental and local history conference "Paths of the native land" | Annually, October | ||
| Theatrical performance "All living things must live" as part of the celebration of Earth Day | Annually, April | Deputy director of VR |
|
| Ecological and biological erudite auction "Flowers - the beginning of earthly beauty" | Annually, June | Head of the summer recreation area |
|
| Ecological photography competition "Nature through the eyes of children" | Annually, November | senior counselor |
|
| Planting tree seedlings (any) by graduates of the current year | 11th and 9th grades |
||
| Day of Ecological Culture dedicated to the Day of Ecological Education | Biology teacher |
||
| Holiday dedicated to World Water Day: Water is an amazing substance; Water is all around us; Water - familiar, mysterious, inexplicable; Action "Blue stream" (struggle for saving fresh water) | Classroom teachers |
||
| Carrying out environmental actions and operations: - "Plant a tree"; - "The river of my childhood"; - "Live, spring"; - "Clean Shores"; - "The flower bed of our yard"; - "Help the birds in winter" | During a year | ||
| Summing up the interim results of the project implementation | Constantly | Organizing Committee |
Annex 2. Project estimate:
| expenditures | Source of financing | amount | ||
| MO Polovino-Cheremkhovskaya rural administration |
Justification of the project.
The project "Our school apple orchard" is aimed at solving environmental, pedagogical and social problems. The project is long-term - the implementation period is not limited by time frames.
Project idea:
Planting a school apple orchard.
The birth of a tradition of school gardening.
The main stages of the project, the implementation mechanism:
Stage 1 (autumn 2017): acquaintance with the technology of planting fruit trees and caring for them. Choosing a site for planting a garden. Determining the quality of the soil. Consultation with specialists and experienced gardeners of the village.
Stage 2 (April-May 2018): site preparation for an apple orchard. Garbage collection. Planting hole preparation. Planting seedlings and wild game in the ground and subsequent care for them. Experimental planning.
Stage 3 (May 2018; further for several years): grafting rootstocks of zoned apple varieties by various methods. Care and supervision of them. Beginning of experimental work on the study of methods of inoculation.
Summing up the intermediate results of the project implementation at each stage.
Research methods:
- Method of studying literary sources. Reading and analysis of printed materials on the subject of interest. Using the acquired knowledge to plan their own research and practical activities.
- Observation method. Carrying out phenological observations, taking into account the productivity of plants, evaluating the decorativeness of plants, determining the resistance of plants to diseases, adverse weather conditions.
- Method of analysis and generalization. Analysis of observational data and generalization of the material in the form of tables and diagrams in order to implement research materials in practice.
Initiative group of the project: teachers and employees of public organizations
Target group of the project: students, teachers and employees of public organizations
Social partnership: territorial department of the Gas pipeline administration of the city of Lukhovitsy
Expected Result.
The theoretical and practical significance of this project is enormous. We believe that the results of the work on the emergence of the tradition of school gardening can be used to solve the problems of environmental and moral education not only for children, but also for adults.
As a result of the work on the project, a school garden will be laid, the technology of planting apple trees will be worked out, seedlings and wild animals will be planted in the school area, and experimental work will be laid.
This work has favorable prospects associated with a change in the design of the school yard, the emergence of school gardening traditions.
We, the authors of the project, are sure that, having mastered the methods of growing apple trees, schoolchildren and adults, villagers, will not stop only at the school site. Having grown an apple tree at school, everyone will want to do the same at home. After all, all this can be done without special costs and devices.
I would like to hope that the problem of the emergence of gardening traditions will not leave our fellow countrymen indifferent. Many more schoolchildren and adult nature lovers will join the movement for the beauty and wealth of their native land, thanks to which our fertile Lukhovitskaya LAND will flourish!
Generating the school garden, we revive our spirituality
Elena Belyaeva
Ecological passport of the kindergarten site
Ecological passport of the site
MBDOU kindergarten №36"Alenka" of a general developing species in Fryanovo, ShchMR MO
Vegetable world.
Within the territory of kindergarten various life forms are represented plants: trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants.
Trees: maple, apple, birch, etc.
In some places, shrubs form a hedge.
herbaceous plants: odorous chamomile, large plantain, medicinal dandelion, coltsfoot, nettle.
Animal world.
On the the kindergarten site meet: crows, jackdaws, sparrows, bullfinches, magpies, rooks, starlings, pigeons; various types of insects - butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, wasps, bumblebees, ants and spiders.
Programs and methods.
The work uses the following programs: S. N. Nikolaeva "Young ecologist"," From birth to school. The program of upbringing and education in kindergarten"/ Under the editorship of N. E. Veraksa, T. S. Komarova, M. A. Vasilyeva.
Used methodological literature.
S. N. Nikolaev "Young ecologist";
S. N. Nikolaev " Ecologist in kindergarten";
N. A. Ryzhova " Ecological education in kindergarten";
S. N. Nikolaev " ecological education of preschoolers";
S. N. Nikolaeva "Education ecological culture in preschool childhood";
"Animal World", encyclopedia;
Big encyclopedia for preschoolers
Didactic materials. Ecological games:
"The fourth extra"; "Find by description"; "Forest School"; "Gardener";
"What is your name, little tree?"; "Gifts of Nature"; "Animals"; "Find extra";
"Collect a picture"; "What tree leaf", "Extra item", "Mushrooms, vegetables, fruits".
Lotto:
"Seasons"; "Associations"; "Plants"; "Twins"; "Who lives where?";
"Neighbors on the planet"; "Native nature". "Where does it grow",
"What a bird", "What season", "Shop "Seeds"",
"Tops and Roots", "Zoological Lotto".
Maple is a genus of woody and shrubby plants of the Sapindaceae family, previously placed in the Maple family. Widely distributed in Europe, Asia and North America.
Most species of maple are trees 10-40 m tall, but among them there are also shrubs 5-10 m tall with a number of small branches growing from the base of the trunk.
The leaves are opposite, palmate in most species (finger-shaped, with 3-9 veins on each lobe, one of which runs in the middle. Only in a few species are the leaves compound-fingered, compound-pinnate, with pinnate venation or without lobes.
The fruit is a double lionfish, splitting into two single-seeded non-opening fruitlets, with two long (3.5-5.5cm) wings diverging at an obtuse angle or almost horizontally, which are capable of carrying the seed over a long distance.
Maple - comes from the Latin 'acer' - sharp (leaves with sharp lobes).
Trees or shrubs with deciduous, simple, rarely compound, long petiolate leaves. A beautiful pattern of leaves of various shapes, bright autumn color, original inflorescences and fruits, bark pattern and color of shoots have long attracted people's attention to them. Almost all species are good honey plants.
Folk omens and beliefs associated with maple:
Maple (sycamore)- a tree into which a person can be turned after death or through evil witchcraft. Perhaps this is due to the fact that maple leaves look like hands.
Between a man and a maple growing in front of his house, there is an undoubted connection. While a person lives, the maple is slender and tall, the leaves on its branches are large and juicy. The old owner dies - and the maple dries up. Apparently, the ancestors or close people of a person live in such trees, after death they leave the orphaned place near the house. And the life from the maple that sheltered her also leaves with her soul.
A child who is passed through a maple tree will live a long time.
Back in the 19th century this belief in Russia was very popular in many rural areas of the country. The threading was carried out between the branches of the maple, and in this way all the children in the village were threaded.
According to Serbian beliefs, if a dry maple is embraced by an unjustly convicted person, the maple will turn green; if an unhappy or offended person touches a maple green in spring, the tree will dry up.
Maple was considered a donor tree with light magical powers.
This tree, which helps people find peace of mind, brings calm, self-confidence, a tree of inner strength and balance.
On the Trinity, on the day of the Body of God and on other holidays, houses, outbuildings, gates, etc. were decorated with maple branches. It was a great sin not to decorate the house. Ancestors believed that on the holiday the souls of dead relatives fly to the living and hide in the branches.
If the branches of the maple are all leaning to one side, this is a sign that there is a water vein nearby.
If the maple in the spring releases juice - to warming;
If maple leaves bloom later than birch - by dry summer;
If "tears" dripped from the maple, it will rain in a few hours.
Poems about maple
You are my fallen maple, icy maple ...
You are my fallen maple, icy maple,
Why are you standing, bending down, under a white blizzard?
Or what did you see? Or what did you hear?
As if you went out for a walk outside the village
And, like a drunken watchman, going out onto the road,
He drowned in a snowdrift, froze his leg.
Oh, and now I myself have become unstable,
I won't get home from a friendly drinking party.
There he met a willow, there he noticed a pine tree,
He sang songs to them under a blizzard about summer.
To myself I seemed to be the same maple,
Only not fallen, but with might and main green.
And, having lost modesty, having become foolish on the board,
Like someone else's wife, he hugged a birch.
Riddles about maple
Bitches horny,
winged fruits,
And the leaf is a palm,
With a long leg.
Under my lush foliage
You can hide in the summer heat.
If you think "K" is superfluous,
The meaning will be different.
I'll be white and fluffy
Fibrous, silky
Towel, sheet can get out of me.
Worth Antoshka
in red clothes,
Under the wind whistle
Drives the sheet.
Every year on it with hunting
Helicopters are growing.
It's a pity that every helicopter
For just one flight.
Sayings about maple:
Maple and ash - spit and die (spit on the ground).
Maple and birch, why not firewood (increase: bread and water than not food)
Without wind, the maple leaf will not move.
Application:
Maple juice is tasty, not inferior to birch - in the old days sugar was evaporated from it.
Clarinets and flutes are made from its wood.
Maple is a heavy and dense wood, strong and hard. Moderately drying out, it swells a little and warps. Maple splits with great difficulty.
In ancient Novgorod, maple was a favorite material for craftsmen who made spoons, ladles, carved and turned vessels.
Oars, knife handles, bearings and other critical parts of the simplest machines were made from it.
Such widespread use of maple is not accidental. Maple is well processed by cutting tools. Very thin cuts can be made on wood. Moreover, the cuts are clear, clean and smooth, with a soft glossy sheen. Due to the density and uniform structure of the wood, cuttings on maple can be done in almost any direction, with almost no fear of chipping.
Graphic artists use maple wood in woodcuts (in woodcut).
Plywood is produced from Canadian, or sugar, maple, sometimes with a very bizarre texture pattern called "bird's eye".
The medicine:
For medicinal purposes, leaves and shoots are used, which are collected in the spring.
Infusion and decoction of maple leaves have a diuretic, choleretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and wound healing effect.
An old folk remedy cough: In 1 glass of hot milk, add 1 tablespoon of maple juice and drink.
For cuts, apply clean crushed maple leaves to the wound.
Apple tree (lat. Mlus)- a genus of deciduous trees and shrubs of the Pink family with spherical sweet or sweet-sour fruits.
The genus includes 36 species. Most common: domestic apple tree, or cultivated, which includes most of the varieties cultivated in the world, plum-leaved apple tree, Chinese apple tree, and low apple tree.
Many types of apple trees are grown as ornamental plants in gardens and parks, are used in field-protective afforestation. All species are good honey plants. The wood of the apple tree is dense, strong, easy to cut and well polished; suitable for turning and joinery, small crafts.
Poems about the apple tree
Sleeping tired in winter
Under a snow blanket.
In spring white
How the girl is dressed.
And with the onset of summer
Gives gifts to children.
Its fruits are juicy and tasty.
They eat right up until winter.
One barrel is green.
Raised under the sun.
Another barrel is on fire
And the sun's ray plays in it.
Baby funny poems about Apple:
E. Borisova
An apple from a branch, falls into the grass,
An apple from a branch, a hedgehog will find it.
The hedgehog will bring an apple home.
Grated crumbs hedgehogs.
T. Kunilova
Aha, aha, goofs!
Apple Andryushenka -
Right into your hands
Jumping gallop!
Come on, eat me, my friend!
chubby,
Red-cheeked.
D. Sirotin
I was told:
"Apple is useful,
Because there is a lot of iron in it!”
Well I do not know…
I ate three
Nothing rattled inside!
bad worm
Bite the barrel off the apple.
The apple became wormy
One-sided, ugly.
Life ruined the fruit of the beast.
How can he be now?
A. Ignatova
On the table in a glass of apple juice.
The pie is baked - Apple.
The fragrance floats in orchards – Apple.
And the blush on the cheeks - Apple!
Who is the reddest of all in the world?
These are apples and children!
An apple in my garden on a branch,
As if caught on a knot,
Full of juice tart:
Don't touch him you worm!
I'll take it off when it's ripe.
On a bright holiday - Apple Savior,
When the apple tree grows heavy
We have ripe apples.
Daughter draws an apple
It came out dark as night.
- A beautiful apple
Why blue? -
We asked Alla a question.
What did we hear in response?
- It flew from a branch -
Turned blue from the injury.
Blue color is not just
It's a big BLUE!
E. Eslyna
Irina Nikolaevna is cheerful today -
She gave us beautiful apples for lunch.
We all crunched loudly
Only Romka did not eat.
He held a beautiful apple in his hand,
He soaked the cookies in warm milk -
Three teeth immediately fell out the day before yesterday,
And the older sister will eat a beautiful apple.
Counting.
an apple rolled
past garden,
past garden,
Past the city.
Who will raise
That one will come out.
I am strong, crispy,
A real miracle.
yellow and red
- Satin skin.
The most ruddy
All children wish! (Apple)
Look into the autumn garden
Miracle - Balls are hanging.
Reddish, ripe bock
To the kids on the tooth. (Apple)
Dear Worm!
You don't eat my barrel.
I'll get the Kids.
Fidget, naughty! (Apple)
I look in the window
On the branch of the Sun.
The sun is red and white
The sun is very ripe. (Apple)
round, ruddy,
I grow on a branch.
Adults love me
And little kids. (Apple)
Just off the cam
red barrel,
You touch - smoothly,
Take a bite - sweet. (Apple)
Sparrows are classified as a sparrow family. These birds are small in size, leading a sedentary lifestyle. Sometimes nomadic passerine species are found, but this is rare. A feature of the sparrow is its short legs, which allow it to move on the ground, exclusively jumping from place to place. Sparrows are often combined with other groups, while new families or ranks are formed, or, on the contrary, a single family is divided into several subfamilies.
Appearance
Body length up to 16 cm, weight 23-35 g. The general color of the plumage is brownish-brown above, rust-colored with black spots, whitish or gray below. The cheeks are white, the ear region is pale gray. Wings with a yellowish-white transverse stripe.
It feeds mainly on plant foods, only in spring partially on insects, with which it also feeds chicks.
The sparrow's diet includes seeds of agricultural crops, garbage of various products that it picks up in human settlements, cereals in the fields, berries of cherries, currants, grapes in gardens, spring flower buds. In the absence of fields nearby, it flies to feed on meadows, forest edges and in the steppe, where it collects seeds of wild herbs and insects.
Proverbs and sayings
The word is not a sparrow, it will fly out - you won’t catch it
You can't fool a shot sparrow on chaff
Shoot sparrows with a cannon
Although the sparrow does not have growth,
But he also guards his nest.
In autumn, even the sparrow is rich. - Russian proverb
Sparrow takes the burden according to his strength.
Beliefs and rituals
In Christianity, it is a symbol of modesty, insignificance, as well as obscenity and depravity.
Among the Greeks, it was an attribute of Aphrodite and was identified with Lesbia.
In Japan, it represents loyalty.
S. Ya. Marshak
Where did the sparrow eat?
Where did the sparrow eat?
Where did you dine, sparrow?
In the zoo with animals.
I ate first
Behind the bars at the lion.
Refreshed at the fox,
I drank some water from the walrus.
Ate a carrot from an elephant.
I ate millet with a crane.
Stayed with a rhinoceros
Bran ate a little.
I've been to a feast
Tailed kangaroos.
Was at a dinner party
At the furry bear.
A toothy crocodile
Nearly swallowed me.
Ladybug
ladybugs (lat. Coccinellidae)- a family of beetles, characterized in that their legs seem to be three-segmented, since the third, very small segment, together with half of the fourth, is hidden in the furrow of the bilobed second segment.
The body of a ladybug is hemispherical or ovoid, more or less convex. The head is short, with 11, rarely 10 jointed cords attached to the sides of the anterior margin of the head and able to fold under the head. The abdomen consists of 5 free segments.
In children, a ladybug is considered a very gullible creature. In Russia, England and Denmark there is a game - a child catches a ladybug and reads to her rhyme:
Bring me some bread.
Black and white
Just not hot.
Ladybug fly to the sky
There your children eat sweets,
All one by one
And you don't have one.
If the cow flies away, then she believed.
Butterflies have long attracted the attention of man. Not only can they, without a doubt, be considered the most beautiful insects, but they also go through a stage of transformation, turning from a caterpillar into a charming winged creature.
Butterflies are a large group of insects that can be found everywhere in any region of the world. Together with moths, they form the order Lepidoptera. (Squamoptera). There are about 12 families of butterflies. Many adult moths and butterflies feed on the nectar they suck from flowers. In the process of feeding, they can transfer pollen from one flower to another - thus, many plants depend on moths and butterflies for pollination. Like moths, butterflies have elongated sucking mouths and two pairs of wings that function as one pair. Their wings are covered with scales, which are shaken off in the form of dust if the butterfly is touched.
PUZZLES:
1. On a flower - a flower, drinking flower juice.
2. The pattern on the pine is bright
I wanted to see him
Suddenly the halves came together
And the drawing is gone.
3. I wove myself a huge vest,
She hid there. Go find a coquette.
Time passed, suddenly out of there!
(Who will believe in this miracle)
A slim lady appears!
Not a caterpillar already, but. BUTTERFLY.
POETRY:
You're right. One aerial outline
I'm so sweet
All my velvet with its live blinking -
Only two wings.
Do not ask: where did it come from?
Where am I in a hurry?
Here on a flower I sank lightly
And here I am breathing.
How long, without purpose, without effort,
Do you want to breathe?
Right now, sparkling, I will spread my wings
And I'll fly away. (Fet.)
Little girl
Fluttered across the field,
Little girl
She played with a butterfly.
old grandmother
Fluttered across the field.
old grandmother
She played with a butterfly.
Here is a butterfly in the field
Met a butterfly
And flutter a couple
With bow and stick.
(Igor Zhukov)
I'm at the yellow butterfly
Quietly asked:
Butterfly tell me
Who colored you?
Maybe it's buttercup?
Maybe a dandelion?
Maybe yellow paint
That neighbor boy?
Or is it the sun
After winter boredom?
Who colored you?
Butterfly, tell me!
The butterfly whispered
Dressed in gold:
Colored me all over
Summer, summer, summer!
PLANTAIN
Plantain (lat. Plantgo) is a genus of annual and perennial herbs, less often shrubs of the Plantain family (Plantaginaceae). It has more than 200 species distributed throughout the globe; many of them are considered weeds.
Usually have a short rhizome, seated with thin cord-like roots.
The leaves are collected in a basal rosette, petiolate.
Peduncles erect, leafless. In some species, the flower stem is branched, leafy. The flowers are small, inconspicuous, collected in a dense terminal spike or head.
The fruit is a multi-seeded capsule. Pollination occurs with the help of wind.
GRASS TRAVELER
Plantain is called the travel herb. This unpretentious plant was able to travel around the whole wide world. "White Man's Trail"- so the Indians called the plantain, the seeds of which, together with the settlers from Europe, crossed the ocean and ended up in America. Wherever the aliens appeared, this grass grew. The plantain settled both in Africa and in Australia.
Riddles about the plantain
He lay down in a bed by the road, spreading his arms and legs.
They beat him with boots, they crush him with a wheel,
He does not care a straw.
A doctor grew up by the road,
Along the meadow path;
He is a pharmacist for you and me.
Guess who is?
The traveler often hurts his leg
Here is the doctor on the road.
(Plantain)
THANKS TO PLANTAINE
You went into the forest and - what a nuisance! - cut or rubbed his leg. No problem. Pick a plantain leaf, wash it with water to wash off the dust, and apply it to the wound. And soon the blood will stop, the pain will subside ... You say: "Thank you, plantain!"- and you will regret that you can not thank him with anything ...
But you have already helped this weed many times and will continue to help. Only he did not notice it and you will not notice it!
The fact is that tiny psyllium seeds become sticky from rain or dew. You walked along the road, a lot of seeds stuck to your shoes ... You walk, and the seeds gradually fall from your feet. And where the seed falls, in time a young plantain will appear.
A. A. Pleshakov
DANDELION
Dandelion is a plant with a branched, taproot about 2 cm thick and about 60 cm long, in the upper part turning into a short multi-headed rhizome. Leaves glabrous, pinnately incised or entire, collected in a basal rosette. The flower-bearing arrow is juicy, cylindrical, hollow inside, ending in a single basket of reed bright yellow flowers. All parts of the plant contain a thick white milky sap. Dandelion blooms in May, bears fruit with achenes with a white crest - from June.
Dandelion Riddles
I am a fluffy ball
I whiten in a clean field.
And the wind blows
The stalk remains.
Above the meadow parachutes
They swing on a twig.
The dandelion is a very curious flower. Waking up in the spring, he carefully looked around him and saw the sun, which noticed a dandelion and illuminated it with a yellow ray. The dandelion turned yellow and fell in love with the luminary so much that it does not take its enthusiastic gaze away from it. The sun will rise in the east - the dandelion looks to the east, rises to the zenith - the dandelion will raise its head up, approach the sunset - the dandelion does not take his eyes off the sunset. And so all his life, until he turns gray. And it will become gray-haired, fluffed up - and fluffs-parachutes with seeds will fly in the wind, they will see a good clearing, they will descend, the grain will hide in some hollow and lie until spring.
S. P. Krasikov
Chamomile (lat. Matricria)- a genus of perennial flowering plants of the family Asteraceae or Compositae (Asteraceae). Low, flowering in the first year of life, often fragrant herbs.
Riddles about chamomile
White petal, in the middle - yolk. What flower is this?
I walked through the meadow, along the path,
I saw the sun on a blade of grass.
But not hot at all.
The sun's burning rays.
Sisters are standing in the field: yellow eye, white cilia.
At the top of the stem
Sun and clouds.
White basket, golden bottom,
There is a dewdrop in it
And the sun is shining.
There is a curl in the field -
White shirt,
golden heart,
What it is?
Poem
Hidden muzzles in wide panamas,
Daisies go for a walk in the meadows.
Each daisy has an embroidered shirt
With a green handkerchief in a pocket.
S. P. Krasikov
SISTER OF MERCY
This flower is popularly called the sister of mercy. The healing properties of chamomile have been known since ancient times. It will comfort in trouble, raise the patient, please with a fragrant bouquet - that's what it is, chamomile. Stands in the middle of a clearing in a white cap, as if offering a saving tincture in a faience cup. Pharmacy chamomile can be recognized by its smell, it resembles the aroma of apples.
If mosquitoes begin to overwhelm you in the forest, by the fire, throw a bunch of chamomile into the fire, they will disappear in an instant.
I. G. Belavina, N. G. Naidenskaya
Nettle (lat. Urtca) is a genus of flowering plants in the Nettle family. The stems and leaves are covered with stinging hairs (which gave the Latin title: lat. r "burn"). The genus includes about 40-45 species. They grow mainly in the temperate zone in the Northern and (less common) southern hemispheres. The greatest distribution in Russia is nettle stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) and stinging nettle (Urtica urens L.).
Stinging nettle is a perennial herb. Grows up to 170 cm in height.
The stem is densely covered with burning and short hairs, the rhizome is long, creeping, branched. Stems erect, not branched, tetrahedral.
The leaves are opposite, the shape is intermediate between ovate and lanceolate, the petioles are long. Nettle leaves are large-toothed, dark green with oblong stipules.
The flowers are greenish, small, collected in bunches in inflorescences. Inflorescences are different species: branched, intermittent axillary, spicate. Flowers are unisexual. Nettle flowers from May to July.
The fruits are yellowish-gray ovoid nuts enclosed in the remaining perianths.
Nettle Riddles
Not fire, but burning.
Not a bumblebee, not a bee, but stings.
It burns without a fire.
A green bush grows.
Touch - bite.
HERB THAT BURNS
As soon as they do not scold the nettle, which is only to blame for the fact that it knows how to protect itself! Burns, of course, nettles. Inadvertently touch it - for a long time then the hand will be "burn". Nettle burns because stiff hairs sit on its stem and leaves. Inside the hairs is a caustic liquid. If you touch the plant, the needles dig into the skin, break off, and the caustic liquid will pour out. She causes a burning sensation on the skin. How amazing it is that you can cook very tasty and healthy soups from nettles, which are scary to touch!
President of the Association of Gardeners of Russia (APPYAPM), Chairman of the Association of Nursery Gardeners (ASP-RUS), Doctor of Agricultural Sciences
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences sciences, head. Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture MichGAU
The method of laying an intensive apple orchard
The transition of horticultural farms with different forms of ownership to modern high-intensity orchards on low-growing clonal stocks, which has begun in our country, is currently constrained by the high cost of their laying and the need for expensive land development. The total cost of creating one hectare of a garden, taking into account the irrigation network and trellis installation, today reaches 200-250 thousand rubles. Large amounts of money are required for the purchase of high-quality planting material on low-growing rootstocks. Its cost is in the range of 70 - 100 thousand rubles per hectare of garden. Searches for ways to radically reduce the cost of purchasing planting material are being carried out in many European countries. They are mainly focused on the preparation or receipt of planting material by the farmers themselves on their own farms. The problem of reducing the cost of planting material is becoming increasingly acute in our country. In order to solve it, in the autumn of 1997, in one of the farms of the Rostov region, OJSC Krona-2, we laid out a production experience in order to develop an economical technology for laying an intensive garden by layering clonal rootstocks with their subsequent budding in a permanent place in the garden. This method allows in the shortest possible time with minimal financial costs for planting material (they are almost 5 times lower) to establish intensive orchards.
Industrial variety of apple-tree Gloucester
In the experiment, in the context of variety-rootstock combinations, total losses were taken into account due to the death of rootstocks before budding, due to non-rooted eyes, due to the death of oculants during the growing season, and other reasons. Particular attention was paid to the quality indicators of the obtained one-year-olds and their compliance with the new intra-institute standards for one-year-olds grown at the institute using new technologies. The counts were carried out at the end of the first season on November 1, 1999. The experiment involved more than 15,000 layers of seven forms of superdwarf, dwarf and semi-dwarf rootstocks planted in the garden according to the schemes of 4.5 × 1–2 m. Table 1 shows the data on the percentage of trees obtained with this method of laying the garden.
Apple variety Golden Delicious
Table 1
The output of annual apple trees when planting layering in the garden
| VARIETIES | ROOTSTOCKS | TREES RECEIVED, % |
| GLOSTER | R 22 | 69 |
| R 59 | 75 | |
| R 59 | 57 | |
| GOLDEN DELICIOUS | R16 | 73 |
| R 2 | 87 | |
| FLORINA | M-9 | 85 |
| RED CHIF | R 60 | 41 |
| LIGOL | R 60 | 87 |
| CHAMPION | R 60 | 86 |
| AIDARED | R 60 | 84 |
| 62-396 | 86 | |
| RED CROFT | R 60 | 70 |
| G ALA MAST | R 60 | 81 |
| ELSTAR | 62-396 | 37 |
| UMIRED | 62-396 | 78 |
| YUROVKA | 62-396 | 66 |
| IONAGOLD DECOSTA | 62-396 | 66 |
| ENIKA | 62-396 | 62 |
| NSR 05 | 11 | |
| On average for all combinations: | 72 | |
Ligol - one of the new varieties of apple trees for industrial gardens
The total losses on average for all variety-rootstock combinations amounted to 28% of the planted rootstocks (including 5-10% of the remaining rootstocks with repeated budding). Such losses are explained primarily by the lack of a stationary irrigation network and the low survival rate of buds in some variety-rootstock combinations. Without taking into account four, to some extent, unfavorable variety-rootstock combinations out of 18, the average total losses amounted to about 22%. No significant differences were found in the height of annual trees, although Gloucester at P 59, Florina at M9 and Gala Mast at P 60 were clearly distinguished. 62-396. The worst data on this indicator were observed in varieties Ionogold Dekosta at 62-396 and Red Chief at P 60. In these variety-rootstock combinations, the stem diameter was significantly inferior to all other variants (Table 2).
table 2
Biometric indicators of annual trees of various varieties and rootstock combinations of apple trees
| Varieties | rootstocks | Landing patterns | plant height | Strain diameter*, mm |
| Gloucester | R 22 | 4.5×1 | 130 | 14 |
| R 59 | — | 148 | 16 | |
| Golden Delicious | R 59 | — | 125 | 14 |
| R 16 | — | 131 | 15 | |
| R 2 | — | 131 | 14 | |
| Florina | M-9 | — | 140 | 14 |
| Red Chief | R 60 | 4.5×2 | 113 | P |
| Ligol | R 60 | — | 125 | 14 |
| Champion | R 60 | — | 111 | 13 |
| Idared | R 60 | — | 134 | 15 |
| 62-396 | — | 137 | 18 | |
| Red Croft | R 60 | — | 122 | 15 |
| Gala Mast | R 60 | — | 140 | 16 |
| Elstar | 62-396 | . | 122 | 16 |
| Yumired | 62-396 | . | 128 | 14 |
| Yurovka | 62-396 | . | 120 | 13 |
| Jonagold Dec. | 62-396 | — | 128 | 10 |
| Enika | 62-396 | — | 130 | 13 |
| NSR 05 | 12,5 | 2,7 | ||
| Average for: | all rootstocks | 129 | 14 | |
| w.h. dwarfs | 129 | 143 | ||
| semi-dwarfs | 128 | 14 | ||
Apple variety Red Chief
*The trunk diameter was measured at a height of 20 cm (budding was carried out at a height of 15 cm) above ground level.
When laying intensive orchards, great attention is paid to the quality of planting material. When laying this experiment, there were fears that it would be difficult to obtain well-developed trees with a branched crown and fruit formations in the field in the first year. However, the data obtained already in the first year convincingly show the possibility of obtaining such trees (Table 3).
Table 3
The number of fruit buds, the total growth and foliage of annual apple trees
| Varieties | rootstocks | Number of fruit buds*, pcs | Total growth length m | Total leaf area, m 2 |
| 4.5×1 | ||||
| Gloucester | R 22 | 8 | 1,8 | 0,59 |
| R 59 | 8 | 2,0 | 0,83 | |
| Golden Delicious | R 59 | 1 | 2,5 | 0,76 |
| R 16 | 2 | 3,6 | 0,98 | |
| R 2 | 2 | 2,7 | 0,77 | |
| Florina | M-9 | 6 | 4,1 | 136 |
| 4.5×2 | ||||
| Red Chief | R 60 | 8 | 0,8 | 0,55 |
| Ligol | R 60 | 6 | 0,8 | 0,45 |
| Champion | R 60 | 2 | 1,3 | 0,48 |
| Idared | R 60 | 15 | 1,7 | 1,08 |
| 62-396 | 5 | 4,0 | 1,18 | |
| Red Croft | R 60 | 10 | 2,9 | 0,97 |
| Gala Mast | R 60 | 3 | 3,7 | 1,10 |
| Elstar | 62-396 | 4 | 4,3 | 1,32 |
| Yumired | 62-396 | 4 | 2,8 | 0,73 |
| Yurovka | 62-396 | 2 | 2,1 | 0,58 |
| Ionogold Dekosga | 62-396 | 3 | 1,2 | 0,64 |
| Enika | 62-396 | 4 | 2,7 | 0,67 |
| NSR 05 | 3,5 | 13 | 0,55 | |
| Average for: | all rootstocks | 5 | 2,5 | 0,84 |
| 62-396 | 4 | 2,8 | 0,85 | |
| R 60 | 7 | 33 | 0,77 | |
| dwarfs | 6,3 | 1,9 | 0,86 | |
| semi-dwarfs | 3,4 | 23 | 0,84 | |
Fruiting of 4-year-old Gala Mast apple trees on M9 rootstock
* Only fruit buds formed on the central conductor with characteristic signs of annelids were taken into account. Axillary and terminal fruit buds were not taken into account.
According to the total growth, the variety-rootstock combinations of Florin on M-9 (4.1 m), Idared and Elstar on rootstock 62-396 (4.0 and 4.3 m) were distinguished. The smallest number of branches and, accordingly, the total increase was recorded on the rootstock P 60 in the varieties Red Chief, Ligol and Champion (0.8; 0.8 and 1.3 m) and in the variety Ionogold Dekosta on the rootstock 62-396 (1.2 m ). Differences in groups of rootstocks (dwarfs - semi-dwarfs) in this indicator amounted to about 22%. Accordingly, the same combinations were distinguished by the area of the leaf surface. Varieties Florina on M-9, Elstar and Idared on 62-396 (1.36; 1.32 and 1.18 m 2) had the highest indicator. Red Chief, Ligol, Champion at P 60, Gloucester at P 22 and Yurovka at 62-396 had the smallest leaf area in annual apple trees. Interesting data were also obtained on the laying of fruit formations in annual apple trees. From the above average data for groups of rootstocks, a direct correlation was revealed between the strengthening of the laying of fruit formations in apple trees grafted onto weaker rootstocks.
The first data obtained in this many years of experience are of particular interest for the evaluation of this method of laying an intensive garden. The final conclusions on the economic feasibility of the method of laying intensive plantings by planting cuttings in a permanent place in the garden will be made later, based on the results of further research and observations.
