Making concrete columns with your own hands: preparation, pouring, dismantling. Do-it-yourself installation of concrete columns. How to make formwork and the correct form: column pouring technology. Making concrete columns with your own hands Overlapping on concrete columns

Columns are a common architectural element. They have a different shape and perform both load-bearing and decorative functions. The formwork of the columns is used as a form for their creation. It is designed for pouring concrete, it can be of various shapes. In practice, its removable and non-removable varieties are used, which are distinguished by the speed of installation. Universal beam-and-beam structures make it possible in practice to build variants of columns of various shapes. With your own hands, you can both mount ready-made panels, and make the formwork yourself.

Variety of columns in shape

Columns are structures used as supporting structures and decorative elements. They have different dimensions and shapes. They are made in modern construction, often by pouring into a pre-assembled form of concrete. They are also built of brick, stone, blocks of various materials.

Geometrically they are:

square;
cylindrical (round);
multifaceted;
rectangular.

If the columns serve as supports, then they are often erected on modern construction sites of a rectangular or square shape. Their dimensions are determined by the acting load.

The method of pouring concrete allows you to quickly build structures of this type. In this case, formwork is used as a form. It must meet the following requirements:

be accurate in size, durable, stable;
do not have holes through which the solution can flow;
its inside should be smooth.

For removable type structures, ease of installation and disassembly is also taken into account.

The difference in the shape of the columns leads to the use in practice of different types of formwork to create them. With your own hands, it is easier to make a design for a square or rectangular support.

Types of formwork used

In private construction and large facilities, various types of formwork are used. If possible, reuse structures for pouring are divided into the following types:

reusable;
disposable;
fixed.

The following materials are used for their manufacture:

metal: aluminum, steel and others;
cardboard;
plastic;
wooden boards and bars;
plywood.

Different types of molds for pouring are mounted differently, and the price of products also varies greatly. The choice depends on the scale of construction work.

Reusable designs

This type is used in construction many times. Such structures are assembled directly at the construction site. Then, concrete is poured inside the created form. After it hardens, the formwork is dismantled, sent to a new construction site, or for storage.

Varieties of reusable formwork and their description are presented in the table below.

Shield	Steel	plastic
consists of aluminum or metal shields	used to erect columns of any geometric shape	the lightest and cheapest, but the most unreliable variety of all types of reusable formwork
has a large weight, which requires the use of lifting equipment in the work	assembled from steel shields connected by special clamps	plastic shields must be assembled carefully so as not to damage them and fasteners
used to create columns with corners	the form itself and its elements are distinguished by a significant mass	this variety is made for the construction of supports of a round or rectangular shape
boards are sheathed from the inside with laminated plywood	after use, it is required to clean, lubricate its sections	easy to assemble, dismantle, and the concrete does not stick to the plastic surface
structural elements are connected to each other using special fasteners, locks	this type of formwork can be assembled from universal, linear shields, gutters (serve to create cylinders), corner structures	mainly used for the construction of low supports

Also, the beam-transom formwork is distinguished into one of the varieties of reusable. Its structural elements are beams, shields, steel crossbars. It is assembled as a constructor for children, and is held by a system of struts.

Beam-transom variety is universal. With its help, they create columns of various shapes: square, round, rectangular. The surface of the erected support at the same time is of high quality, meeting the requirements.

Do-it-yourself wooden (plywood) shields can also be used repeatedly for casting rectangular or square columns. Their advantage lies in the availability of material, ease of installation and manufacture. At large construction sites, such structures are often used as auxiliary ones.

The disadvantage of reusable structures is the discrepancy between their heights and the same parameter of the created columns. To complete the support, elements are transferred, which affects the strength of the monolith. Another disadvantage is the high price of products of this kind. The way out of the situation is the opportunity to rent forms. The use of metal formwork is also distinguished by the complexity of installation, transportation costs.

Fixed and disposable formwork

Fixed formwork is expensive, which prevents its spread. But it is versatile, allowing you to create more durable and resistant to temperature extremes, the effects of moisture columns.

Elements of a fixed frame are manufactured at the factory on machines from concrete or expanded polystyrene. Reliable thin-walled products are created from the first material using a special technology.

Expanded polystyrene products are assembled using locks: on the one hand, a groove, and on the other, a spike. The seams formed during joining are filled with mounting foam. The construction of polystyrene foam is easy to assemble with your own hands. Its further finishing after pouring is also not difficult.

Disposable formwork has been used for over 50 years. It is the most affordable, cheapest option. The material for its production is cardboard. It is twisted in a spiral around the shaft on the machine and impregnated with an adhesive composition, which significantly increases the strength of the created form for pouring.

For pouring round columns, products are produced with diameters from 0.2 m to 1.2 m. The surface inside the cardboard tubes can be patterned or smooth. Frames are also made for the construction of rectangular supports.

The advantages of a one-time version of the frame for pouring are:

low cost;
small mass;
ease of installation and dismantling.

After the concrete has gained the required strength, the cardboard is removed and then disposed of. The surface of the cast support is smooth, no further leveling is required.

Due to their versatility, fixed frames are gaining popularity among builders. At the same time, it is quite easy to mount the structure made of expanded polystyrene on your own. Cardboard forms are an affordable, budget option. But keep in mind that the height limit for them is 12 m.

Do-it-yourself formwork installation

Reusable, disposable, non-removable formwork for columns is installed in various ways. There are also new types of frames for pouring with simplified installation technology.

Heavy structures are used on large construction sites. For their installation, lifting mechanisms and equipment for transportation are required. The assembly of metal frames is often carried out according to the drawings by specially trained workers, because it is required to know the technology, safety rules, and be able to read technical documentation.

To install simpler frames, it is enough to read the instructions, correctly connect their elements.

You can independently make and install a mold for pouring plywood supports, or boards and bars. This option is created with the required parameters at the construction site. Shields are made to the desired height, put in place, connected to each other in various ways, for example, they are simply knocked down with nails.

If you need to build several columns of the same appearance and size, then be sure to ensure that the templates do not differ from each other.

When self-assembling the shields, it is necessary to provide "windows" (at a height of 1.5 m) for adding concrete, as well as openings in the upper part for the beams.

For do-it-yourself installation, plastic, disposable cardboard formwork, wooden shields are suitable, because in this case special skills from builders are not required.

The process of creating and installing wooden formwork is shown in the video below.

The choice of option for practical application is determined by the amount of work. Metal formwork is the most reliable and widely used on large-scale construction sites. Cardboard forms are the cheapest, fragile. Plywood and wood shields are used in the construction of private sector buildings, because they can be easily made by hand, but the use of finished products speeds up the workflow and guarantees a quality result.

Columns with cross-sectional sides from 0.4 to 0.8 m in the absence of intersecting clamps are concreted without interruption in sections with a height of not more than 5 m, freely dropping the concrete mixture into the formwork directly from the shipping container. When lowering the concrete mixture from a greater height, link trunks are used.

Columns with cross-sectional sides less than 0.4 m and columns of any section having intersecting clamps that cause the concrete mixture to separate when it falls, are concreted without interruption in sections not more than 2 m high. In this case, the concrete mixture is fed through windows arranged in the side walls formwork. The concrete mixture is compacted with deep or external vibrators. The sections following in height are concreted only after the construction of the working seam.

When concreting columns, the lower part of the formwork is filled to a height of 10-20 cm with a cement mortar of composition 1: 2-1: 3 in order to avoid the formation of defective concrete with accumulations of coarse aggregate without mortar. When dropping the concrete mixture, the largest crushed stone wedges into this solution and as a result a mixture of normal composition is formed.

For strict observance of the thickness of the protective layer in the columns, special gaskets are used, made of cement mortar and attached to the reinforcement bars before concreting with a knitting wire embedded in the gaskets during their manufacture.

The formwork of high columns is mounted only on three sides, and on the fourth it is built up during the concreting process. If beams and girders with dense reinforcement are located above the columns, which does not allow the columns to be concreted from above, then it is allowed to concrete them before installing the reinforcement of the beams adjacent to them.

Columns, as a rule, are concreted to the full height of the floor without working joints. Working joints can be arranged only at the level of the top of the foundation A - A or at the bottom of the runs and beams B - B. In the columns of industrial workshops, working seams can be arranged at the level of the top of the foundation A - A, at the level of the top of the crane beams B - B or at the bottom level consoles (ledges) B - B supporting crane beams. In columns of beamless floors, it is allowed to arrange seams at the level of the top of the foundation A - A and at the bottom of the capitals B - B. The capital should be concreted simultaneously with the floor slab.

With a high height of the sections of the column, concreted without working joints, it is necessary to arrange breaks in concreting for the concrete mixture to settle. The duration of the break should be at least 40 minutes and not more than 2 hours.

Frames should be concreted without interruption. If it is necessary to arrange a break between the concreting of columns (pillars) and crossbars of frames, it is allowed to arrange working seams at the bottom or top of the bevel G - G.

When concreting paired columns in places where the expansion joints of the structure are installed, it is necessary to ensure that the partitions inserted into the formwork box are not knocked down and that the identical dimensions of the paired elements are ensured.

Manufacturing technology of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures and parts
- General issues of precast concrete production
- Preparation of concrete mixtures
- Mortar production
- Transportation of concrete mix
- Rebar stock
- formwork
- Preparation of molds, concrete molding and hardening of products
- Reinforcement and forming of prestressed products
- Features of the production of various types of concrete and reinforced concrete products
- Concreting of various structures

Column formwork is designed to form a square or rectangular area, which will allow you to properly mount the column. There are different types of formwork that are designed for certain types of construction work. In this article, we will consider the features and parameters of mounting formwork for columns with detailed step-by-step instructions.

Types of columns

The main purpose of creating formwork is to form a certain shape for columns of the desired height and parameters. There are two types of work, the first of which involves the installation of universal columns, and the second is the formation of formwork for columns with a fixed section. When carrying out installation, you need to remember the features of installing additional shields.

Earlier, columns were used as a decorative element of buildings. However, in the modern world, this type of product is intended as supporting elements for different types of buildings. There are several types of columns that differ in geometric shape:

round or cylindrical;
square;
multifaceted;
rectangular.

It is worth noting that the universal formwork of columns is carried out for different types of columns and provides for the installation of standard panels with special holes for the kingpin, the pitch for which is 5 cm. For a fixed mounting scheme, it is necessary to fasten the column using four corner elements and some formwork locks.

Formwork purpose and product requirements

The formwork of walls and columns is carried out to pour the concrete base under the supporting elements. This is necessary so that the mixture does not spread and, after hardening, has a square or other shape. Without carrying out this stage of work, it is almost impossible to carry out the installation of the column. Experts identify some requirements for formwork:

compliance with the dimensions of the structure;
stability and strength of the installed product;
the formation of a form through which the solution will not flow;
smooth inner side;
dismantling is not difficult.

Formwork for columns: disposable, reusable, non-removable

The simplest and most convenient option for carrying out work is the construction of a one-time formwork. This design is made up of cardboard, which is wound in a spiral. The formwork product has water-repellent properties that do not allow the mortar to soak into the cardboard structure. Thicker-walled PVC film can be placed inside the cardboard column formwork.

The approximate diameter of such formwork can be from 20 to 115 cm, and the maximum length of the product can be 12 meters. Depending on the parameters of the column, the height of the formwork may vary, as well as the thickness of the walls. For example, in the lower part of the structure, the wall thickness may be greater, which is determined by the maximum load of the concrete solution. The technology of work is not complicated, with large installation volumes, lifting mechanisms can be used. Only two people may be required to carry out the installation.

Another option for column formwork is the construction of a reusable structure. As a rule, the formwork can be used several times for the installation of several columns. The following features of the work are distinguished:

the need to build formwork at the construction site;
pouring concrete mortar into the structure;
keeping for several days until the concrete dries completely;
removal of the formwork structure and its installation in another place.

When performing such work, you must remember to follow the rules for installing the column. When choosing a reusable formwork for columns and ceilings, it is necessary to calculate the height of the product, which should not be higher than the indicated forms. When choosing this form of formwork, the filling will no longer be monolithic. Therefore, you should carefully read the requirements and characteristics of the implementation of this type of formwork in compliance with the height of the column.

Reusable formwork is more expensive than disposable formwork, which is determined by the following parameters:

Necessary costs for storage of the structure.
Formwork transportation for the installation of other types of columns and maintenance.
Additional expenses for the use of lifting equipment services.

There are different types of reusable formwork:

shield structure;
beam-transom;
steel formwork;
plastic construction;

Formwork using shields is intended for square columns. Shields made of metal must be fastened together using different fixation items. It is important to place laminated plywood in the middle of the boards. Next, a concrete solution is poured after hardening, which the formwork can be removed and moved to another work site.

A similar type of work has a beam-and-beam formwork of columns, for which you need to use the following products:

shields;
crossbars made of steel;
beams.

This type of construction will allow you to form a reliable formwork of different heights. As a rule, such a scheme is used for the construction of round walls, columns, bridges, as well as for the formation of large vertical surfaces. The formwork technology resembles the assembly scheme of a children's designer, and all parts are fixed with spacers.

Steel column formwork is designed for square and round products. The main characteristic of the design is that after its use it is necessary to clean and lubricate the sections. This type of formwork is heavy, as well as panel formwork, so it is necessary to use the services of lifting machines to move it.

A more affordable and lighter option is plastic formwork for columns. The main disadvantage of the product is the unreliability of the design, and for the implementation of work it will be necessary to seek the help of specialists. It is advised to work with this type of formwork carefully and with special tools so as not to damage the walls. All elements of the plastic structure are interconnected using different parts.

There is another type of formwork that is non-removable. The use of this type of construction is rare, however, such a construction scheme is quite popular among builders. All blocks and blanks for formwork assembly are made on special machines. Thus, products with thin walls are created, which are quite strong and reliable.

Formwork elements are made of high-strength concrete. The technology for preparing the solution involves the use of cement, sand and water. A feature of the preparation of concrete is the compaction of pores using rolled products. Thus, all liquid is displaced from the solution, which increases the properties of frost resistance and strength of concrete. Formwork products made in this way have increased resistance to temperature and humidity changes.

Installation of column formwork: features of installation and dismantling

Before considering the installation technology for a particular type of formwork, it is necessary to study the standard characteristics of the work. Before installing the formwork on the concrete surface, it is necessary to mark the parameters of the column. As a rule, the column should be installed around a pre-prepared reinforcement frame. It is important to carry out all work using project documentation. Formwork panels must be assembled in an L-shape, which are fixed with nuts and a kingpin or through a corner, which is determined by the type of column. The second and other tiers of the structure assembly must be assembled using a mobile tower or scaffolding.

If the height of the formwork of round columns is higher than 4.2, then it is important to mount a special crossbar on the column, which will level the structure. The installed column must be checked for a vertical position, which is carried out using braces or tolpers. The brace consists of the lower and upper areas of the product, as well as a special connector. The latter must be mounted on a concrete surface, then the upper part is attached to the highest fixation point of the column, and the lower part to the lower one. Using special tools and nuts, the column should be leveled and fixed in a vertical position.

The feature of dismantling the formwork can be done when the concrete is completely dry. First of all, it is necessary to remove the formwork braces, after which the locks are dismantled from the upper part and the shields are removed.

It's important to know! If the height of the mounted column is more than three meters, then the concrete solution must be supplied through a special window. In the next tier, one of the shields must be removed, which forms a window of the required size. Further, the shield is installed in its original place, after which the concrete solution enters through the upper part of the column formwork.

Do-it-yourself step-by-step instructions for installing panel formwork for columns

The installation process must begin with the layout of the workspace. It is important that it coincides with the parameters of the previously erected frame and reinforcement:

2. After that, the formwork is assembled from the panels on one side, and it is important to fix all the details of the structure using locks.

4. Having determined the thickness of the pouring of the concrete wall, it is necessary to install the next formwork wall using the same technology.

5. It is important to mount the running console at the top of the formwork.

6. After leveling all the walls of the structure, you can proceed to further work on installing the column and pouring the base.

It's important to know! To properly install the panels on one side, it is necessary to use crossbars that will allow you to level the formwork.

The dismantling method consists in carrying out the work in the reverse order: first, the running consoles and tolper braces are removed. After that, the locks are dismantled from the upper area of \u200b\u200bthe structure, and the formwork panels are removed.

Instructions for installation of beam-transom formwork

Beam-transom formwork is a structure that consists of beams and crossbars. All parts are fastened with clamps. The main material used in the work is wood, so all work is not labor intensive. This material has a low thermal conductivity, in contrast to the aluminum formwork of the columns.

Such a formwork assembly scheme has many advantages, which is indicated by the reliability, strength and simplicity of the structure used. The work does not require significant costs, while the formwork is considered universal. Using this type of construction, it is possible to concrete columns of different sizes. Also, using the beam-and-beam formwork scheme, it is possible to erect concrete walls of various parameters. To strengthen and form the formwork, it is recommended to use only a screwdriver and a hammer.

Formwork advantages:

it is used to install columns and walls of different heights and sizes;
it is intended for formwork of buildings of various shapes, for example, radius, round and inclined without unnecessary waste;
allows you to get good quality concrete on the surface of the formwork;
using this type of assembly of the structure, it will be possible to reduce the number of gaps and ties;
the formwork is able to withstand a large concrete load, up to about 10 t/sq. m.

Detailed instructions for assembling the beam-transom formwork have the following sequence:

1. We prepare the work site for the installation of formwork.

3. Beams for formwork of the required length are laid perpendicularly on the crossbars.

4. These beams must be attached to the ledger using special clamps.

5. The approximate distance between the beams should be from 20 to 40 cm, which is determined by the project documentation.

It's important to know! When laying the beams, make sure that they do not coincide with the fixing points for the tie screws. Laminated plywood sheets should be placed on the installed beams, while the joints should be in the middle of the beam. Plywood is fixed to the beams using self-tapping screws, which are screwed in every 35-40 cm. The length of the fastener should be 50 or 60 mm. The area for the installation of self-tapping screws can be puttied, which will extend the shelf life of plywood for further use.

There are different options for mounting the formwork, however, not all work can be done by hand. The installation technology for each type of structure is determined by the height and section of the columns. To better understand the formwork scheme, we recommend watching the video presented at the end of the article.

In modern monolithic construction, columns are used quite often. In many projects of multi-storey buildings, they are not only decorative architectural elements, but also the main load-bearing structures of the entire building. This allows you to build rooms on the next floor without repeating the plan of the previous one. To ensure the strength and durability of such monolithic structures, the formwork of the columns must be made reliably and efficiently.

Varieties of columns and formwork for their arrangement

According to the geometric shape of the section, all columns are divided into:

round (cylindrical);
square or rectangular;
multifaceted;
curly.

The columns of the first two types found the greatest distribution. The last two categories are used mainly for the restoration of buildings or decorative purposes.

By the number of cycles of use, formwork for arranging columns is divided into:

disposable;
reusable.

Depending on the material of manufacture, the formwork can be:

wooden;
plastic;
metal;
cardboard;
combined.

Formwork for cylindrical columns

Formwork of round columns can be both disposable and reusable.

As a disposable formwork for round columns, cardboard tubes are now quite often used. In their manufacture, paper tape, a special adhesive composition and a polymer material are used (to ensure water resistance). Such column formwork is produced with an inner diameter of 150 to 1200 mm. Its installation is quite simple: the pipe is simply put on the reinforcing cage, then the support rings are installed, to which the spacer struts are attached (to give stability and vertical alignment). For quick dismantling of such products during their manufacture, a special metal wire is pressed along the entire length of the pipe, by pulling which the cardboard is cut along its entire length, and then it is easily separated from the hardened concrete.

On a note! It is advisable to dismantle the cardboard pipe just before the end of construction. This will protect the support from technological damage.

Disposable formwork for columns made of cardboard has a number of undoubted advantages:

low cost;
ease of installation and dismantling;
when using it, the surface of the concrete support is of high quality;
light weight;
high strength.

Pipes (metal, asbestos-cement or plastic) are used as fixed elements of circular cross section. This, after the concrete mortar has hardened, remains an integral part of the column design.

Attention! When using metal pipes, their surface must be treated with an anti-corrosion compound.

Reusable round formwork consists of metal or plastic half-pipes, which are mounted around the reinforcement cage of the column using special quick-clamping locks. Plastic formwork of columns has less adhesion to concrete compared to metal formwork (this ensures ease of dismantling), but less strength.

Formwork for square and rectangular columns

This kind of columns is most widely used both in industrial and in individual construction.

The most common type of removable formwork for arranging such columns is a large-panel formwork system. Universal panels (their dimensions: width - 0.4÷1.2 m, height - 1.0÷3.3 m) allow you to quickly mount the formwork for square columns (the cross section of which is from 0.2⨯0.2 m to 1, 0⨯1.0 m).

Longitudinal technological holes for fasteners (pins) allow you to create a rectangular formwork. For one column, you need: shields (4 pieces assembled into a “mill”), kingpins with special tight nuts (for a column about 3 meters high, as a rule, 16 sets are enough) and slopes (at least 2 two-level supporting ones).

The popularity of such a system is due to:

simplicity and high speed of installation and dismantling;
the possibility of forming a section of the column in accordance with the requirements of the project;
durability (from 80 to 200 concreting cycles, depending on the manufacturer and the material of the panels).

Another type of formwork system common in modern construction in the construction of columns is beam-transom. The main elements of this design are formwork plates, steel crossbars, beams of various sizes and fasteners. This type of formwork system can be easily adapted to create square, rectangular and even octagonal columns. Such steel formwork of columns has the greatest strength and durability compared to other materials (laminated chipboard, plastic or panels made of boards and plywood).

Independent production of formwork during the construction of columns

When making formwork for monolithic columns with your own hands, you can use several methods.

The easiest way (however, quite laborious) for the manufacture of a formwork frame for square or rectangular columns:

From boards (25 mm thick and a length equal to the height of the column), using nails and self-tapping screws, we make a U-shaped structure with internal dimensions corresponding to the section of the future column.
We make a shield from the same boards, which will later be the fourth side of the formwork frame.
We install the U-shaped structure to the reinforcing cage and attach a shield of boards to it.
We align the formwork vertically using a level, and fix it with stops made of boards or bars.
To give the structure additional strength, we tighten it with additional bars and studs with nuts.
Now you can start pouring the concrete mixture.

The video will help you understand the above described square column formwork technology:

Another way for self-production is in many ways similar to the previous one. Instead of boards for the manufacture of formwork (preferably moisture resistant, 12 mm thick) and wooden blocks. We use reinforcing bars and quick-release spring locks (clips) as tightening elements. For vertical alignment, you can use the telescopic racks, rented.

On a note! It is advisable to use the above methods if it is necessary to produce a small number of columns (3÷4 pieces). Otherwise, the cost of materials and hardware for the manufacture of formwork will be quite high. If you need to build 10÷12 columns (for example, for a large glazed terrace or veranda), then the column formwork on universal boards, rented (the cost of renting one set, which includes: 4 boards, 2 two-level telescopic slopes, a set of necessary fasteners, will be about 7500 rubles per month). And since the formwork of the column can be done within 48 hours after pouring the concrete solution, you can easily produce the required number of columns for the paid month.

In custody

The final choice of this or that type of formwork for the manufacture of columns depends on their number, section size and height. Of course, for the construction of bridge supports or flyovers, only high-tech professional formwork systems are used. And for the construction of several not very high columns during individual construction, you can completely get by with a form made from improvised materials. The main thing is that it strictly corresponds to the geometry of the future column and can withstand the pressure of the concrete solution without deformation.

Column concreting

The column is a supporting engineering structure, which, in addition to a practical function, also performs a decorative purpose. Today, columns to ensure the vertical rigidity of the building can be made of metal or reinforced concrete.

In turn, reinforced concrete structures are most widely used due to various advantages. For this reason, in the manufacture of columns with their own hands, the greatest preference is given to concrete products. How the concreting of columns is carried out will be described below.

Column concreting

It should be said right away that the manufacture of concrete columns with your own hands is a time-consuming and costly process, both physically and financially. Before you start making reinforced concrete columns, you should study the appropriate technology as much as possible, watch a video on the Internet and prepare the tool necessary for this work.

Then you will need to decide on the shape of the future column, since it can be: round, rectangular, or square. Of the tools for the manufacture of columns, first of all you will need:

Building level;
Plumb;
Hammer and hacksaw for wood;
Bulgarian;
Roulette;
concrete mixer;
Shovels and other devices for working with mortar.

From the materials you will need:

Boards for the manufacture of formwork;
Reinforcement (12mm) or metal mesh;
knitting wire;
Anchor bolts;
Clamps.

Do-it-yourself column construction is divided into such stages - reinforcement, formwork installation and concreting of the assembled structure. Let's look at each of the above steps in turn.

Do-it-yourself pouring of concrete columns

For reinforcement of reinforced concrete columns, reinforcement of at least 12 mm is used. Even before the start of the formwork assembly, a metal frame is assembled in the shape of a square, consisting of four main rods in the corners. If the column will have a height of more than 3 meters, then special blind areas must be made every two meters.

When the column has a small height, the metal frame can be installed in a pre-assembled form, immediately into the formwork after its installation. With each other, the reinforcement is fastened either with a knitting wire, or with special clamps designed for this purpose.

Formwork for concreting columns, as a rule, is assembled from boards, according to previously measured internal dimensions. It is necessary to take into account the large load on the formwork when pouring concrete, so it is necessary to unfasten the boards during its assembly very carefully.

Be sure to install slope supports from the sides of the assembled formwork, before pouring it with concrete mortar. If the column will have a greater height, then its build-up is carried out during pouring with concrete, and also with the obligatory installation of slope struts.

Concrete for pouring columns is not used the same as, for example, in the construction of a monolithic foundation. Its main parameter in this case is mobility. For most columns, a concrete solution with P2 mobility is used, and when pouring heavily reinforced ones, concrete with a mobility of at least P4 is used.

An important process in the concreting of columns is the compaction of the concrete mixture, which is produced by such specialized equipment as deep and external pumps. When making concrete columns with your own hands, tapping the walls of the formwork with a hammer allows you to get rid of air pockets in concrete.

In the process of concreting columns, it is always necessary to monitor whether the metal frame has shifted inside the installed formwork. If necessary, its location should be adjusted strictly vertically and in its center.

Do-it-yourself concrete for pouring columns consists of cement grade not lower than M400, sand and gravel. If we talk about its proportions, then they look like this - for 1 part of cement, 1 part of sand and 4 parts of gravel are required.

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How to make concrete columns with your own hands?

Columns in the building system perform both a decorating function and an actual one - they are considered the principal load-bearing component of the structure. And since, by default, it is expected that the supports will become heavily loaded, then naturally they must be made in maximum compliance with all existing generally recognized standards and rules. In this note, we will tell you how concrete columns are correctly poured, as if it is important to take into account here and that it is categorically not recommended to work in any way. These systems are divided, so far only, into these main groups: Round; Rectangular;

Square. Since we will not examine the installation of finished products in any way, but we will talk carefully about the device of monolithic supports, it is worthwhile to navigate the claims to such supports. the object on which the supports are installed; The purpose of the object - since the degree of future overload on the columns directly depends on this; Type of soil at the facility; Climatic features of the region where the construction is being carried out. We recommend: in order to make a truly benign reinforced concrete support, you should familiarize yourself with the information that is kept in GOSTs. In these documents, it is allowed to find general information about the correct production of concrete products and columns in particular. In principle, we have finished with the review of products, you can go over specifically to their production and filling. Finally, a short step-by-step annotation on the installation of supports for buildings. Before proceeding, it is worth noting one fundamental point - we will look at the most common assembly method, which can be easily implemented without the help of others. When building a personal building, for example. Publishing a review on self-filling pillars for the construction of a plant does not matter in any way, agree. At least because everyone will not be able to cope with such an object alone - you will have to attract a lot of highly qualified professionals who themselves understand how similar tasks are performed. 23009-78, 18979-90, 25628-90 and 23899-79 In these documents, it is allowed to find general information about the correct production of concrete products and columns in particular. In principle, we have finished with the review of products, you can go over specifically to their production and filling. Finally, a short step-by-step annotation on the installation of supports for buildings. Before proceeding, it is worth noting one fundamental point - we will look at the most common assembly method, which can be easily implemented without the help of others. When building a personal building, for example.

Publishing a review on self-filling pillars for the construction of a plant does not matter in any way, agree. At least because it will not be possible to cope with such an object alone in the same way - you will have to lure a lot of highly qualified professionals who themselves understand how similar tasks are performed.

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Forms for pouring columns: self-production and installation

In the architecture of facades and interiors, columns are increasingly used. This is not only a beautiful decorative element, it is also a practical utilitarian piece of construction.

It allows you to support floors or beams, while not taking up much usable floor space.

You can buy a ready-made column, but it is more convenient and cheaper to make it yourself. The easiest way is to lay out a brick, but a monolith is much stronger and more reliable, and for its manufacture it will be necessary to make a formwork.

According to the method of use, they are fixed, disposable and reusable. They are made of metal, wood, plastic and even cardboard.

Metal. Usually reusable. These are convenient ready-made shields that are easy and quick to assemble, provide the correct geometry, and quickly dismantle.
Wooden. Usually homemade, reusable. They are knocked down from boards and bars. Cheaper, but they are more difficult to ensure the correct shape, especially other than a rectangle.
Plastic. usually round shapes are made. You can buy ready-made, or you can make formwork from plastic pipes of a suitable diameter with your own hands.
Cardboard. are made of thick cardboard impregnated with special adhesives. The form is only cylindrical, such formwork is exclusively disposable.

Ready-made formworks are offered by many manufacturers, however, they can be made independently, given some of the features of this construct.

Peculiarities

The column has a small width and thickness, but often has a significant height. This determines quite specific loads on the form.

The formwork experiences significant pressure at the bottom and very little at the top.

The elongation of the form in height makes the structure very unstable, it can easily collapse, so the formwork requires several props.

Also, the form must be rigid so as not to fold, not to bend under the weight of concrete.

It is assumed that the column will work in compression, so it is extremely important to avoid distortion of the structure. If the form arches, then the support made in it can easily crack under load. The column bears bending loads very poorly.

It is very important to clearly maintain the vertical level. Even a slight deviation from the vertical generates an imbalance of loads that can lead to failure of the entire structure.

First, the size of future columns is determined.
Boards are being prepared that will act as forming surfaces - they are adjusted to the size of the pillars, sanded from the side that will be in contact with concrete.
Crossbars are nailed to the boards - small bars that will serve as stiffeners.
Separate boards with bars are knocked into molds for poles. Especially firmly it is necessary to connect the part that will be at the bottom of the column.

Then a frame of reinforcement is made with their own hands.

Since the pillars are square, it is most convenient to take four vertical bars, tying them together with short soft wire crossbars.

The reinforcement is inserted into the mold and the entire structure is installed at the place of installation of the column.

In order to make the boards easier to remove later, they can be upholstered with oilcloth from the inside. To assemble the form, you need to choose even boards so that the pillars do not have bends or curvature.

It is worth remembering that this is a one-time formwork for columns, after the concrete has hardened, the cardboard will have to be torn off from it, like wallpaper from a wall.

The easiest way is to make formwork in a mesh frame. First, a steel mesh with square cells is taken, which is not prone to stretching.

It is folded into a cylinder of the desired diameter, securely fastened in this position by wire or welding.

Then a folded cardboard is placed inside, which, after laying, straightens and rests against the grid. It is not easy to find sheets of cardboard for 2-3 meter poles, so you will have to use several sheets, fastening them between them with an overlap of adhesive tape.

The design turns out to be very unstable, so wooden supports are required.

Such a one-time formwork is suitable for round columns; rectangular or square ones cannot be filled in any way.

You can make a non-removable polystyrene foam formwork with your own hands.

This option is used for facade work, it allows you to get very smooth surfaces, uniform with foam-insulated walls.

However, this fixed formwork is of low strength, so it also needs a supporting frame.

Steel mesh will cost 20-25 rubles per square meter, thick cardboard - 200-250 rubles per roll. Styrofoam will cost 1000-1200 rubles per cubic meter.

Watch our video compilation:

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Column formwork: types and solutions

Today in construction, round columns made of concrete are very often used, which serve as supports for large terraces, small balconies and upper floors. In order to build a column, it is necessary first of all to build a formwork, plastic, cardboard, etc., into which the concrete solution will be poured. This design can be reusable or disposable. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. About them and how to make a frame for a column with your own hands and will be discussed further.

Reusable formwork is a frame that can be used a large number of times in work. Such a structure is usually assembled directly at the construction site and concrete mixture is poured into it. After the concrete mortar dries a little, the formwork is removed and used in other works. The disadvantage of this design is that round columns may not come out solid, since often the height of the frame does not match the desired height of the finished structure. In this case, the formwork has to be put on several times.

It makes no sense to buy your own reusable design, since it will be used very rarely at home. It is best to rent it. The cost of a reusable frame will depend on many factors. Among them are the material for the manufacture of the structure, the costs of its proper conservation, care and transportation to the construction site. In addition, you need to calculate the costs of the mechanisms with which the formwork will rise.

The formwork of round columns, which can be used several times, is divided into several types:

beam;

steel;

plastic.

Beam construction allows you to create columns of almost any height. It can also be used for the construction of bridges, walls and any vertical structures, even very large ones. The beam frame is assembled with your own hands like a designer, after which it is strengthened with struts. Steel formwork is also very good for round columns, but after each use it needs to be lubricated with special mixtures. Given that the steel frame has a fairly large weight, it can only be handled with the help of special lifting equipment.

Plastic formwork for columns (see photo) is not as heavy as the previous one, but not as reliable. It is recommended to use it carefully so as not to damage the material. Separate plastic elements are interconnected by small details, which must be done very carefully with your own hands, because otherwise, under the pressure of the solution, the structure may simply fall apart. The advantage of this frame is its low price.

The use of a fixed structure

Fixed formwork for columns is not used so often today, because it requires a special approach. To create it, a solution is prepared from cement, sand and water, which is passed through a special machine, from which ready-made frames of the required shape come out. Such products have thin, but at the same time very strong walls. This becomes possible due to the compaction of the mixture and the displacement of almost all liquid from it. As a result, the frames become not only very durable, but also resistant to excessive humidity, frost and strong temperature changes.

One time building

Today, the cheapest and most practical formwork for columns is disposable, made of cardboard. It is a cardboard connected in a spiral, which is treated with a mixture that repels water (see photo). Inside the formwork there may be a coating of polyethylene film. The cardboard structure for creating round columns can have a diameter of 25 centimeters to 1.1 meters, and its length is usually about 11 meters. Depending on the diameter and height of the frame, the thickness of its walls may vary.

Cardboard formwork for columns is very easy to install. No additional equipment or tools are required for its installation. Thanks to this, all work can be easily done by hand. To begin with, the formwork must be placed vertically and carefully attached to the floor. From above, the structure can be fixed with anchor rods. Next, the inside of the formwork is poured with concrete mortar, after which the cardboard is carefully separated from the concrete. This can be done using a special rope, by pulling which you can divide the frame into two parts (see video).