How to grow a banana at home. Dwarf banana: varieties. Growing a banana at home: care, transplantation, reproduction. Mini bananas on the windowsill. Indoor cultivation in a pot (tub). Way, method, agrotechnical technology. Landing

There is an opinion that growing tropical or sub tropical plant almost impossible at home. For example, a banana is a plant from the tropics, a fan of a humid and warm climate. How will he feel in room culture? And is it possible to grow a banana from a seed, and even eat homemade exotic fruits?

Plant features

Many are accustomed to considering a banana a palm tree and are extremely surprised that this is a large herbaceous plant. It is demanding to care (it is necessary to create conditions for it close to the tropics), but it is quite amenable to home growing. Moreover, the fruits can also be obtained.

The perennial representative of the Banana family literally does not have a trunk. What we think of as the trunk of a "tree" is the closely spaced bases of oblong leaves (pseudo-stem). A rhizome (rhizome) hidden underground is a true stem. An unusual plant, in which everything is not like other cultures, but “upside down”.

Refers to monocarpic crops: after fruiting is completed, the ground part of the plant dies off. The rhizome gives rise to a new plant, forming shoots. Banana quickly builds up the ground part: a leaf grows in a week. Bloom in room culture begins in the third year. A flower forms at the top of the leaf. Moreover, a banana can bloom throughout the entire period of growth, gradually forming a bunch of fruits that ripen unevenly.

Although banana is a herbaceous plant, under conditions wildlife it reaches a great height (9-12m). Undersized (dwarf) varieties have been created specifically for cultivation at home.

Breeding methods:

seeds;
basal processes;
division of the root.

The bananas we eat are seedless. These are the fruits of the Cavendish varieties, which can only be propagated vegetatively. Those that can be grown from seeds are almost inedible: inside the banana there is an abundance of seeds and little pulp. They are grown for decorative purposes.

AT enclosed spaces banana can be propagated in two ways.

Plant with seeds. It will be a wild subspecies, strong and viable, but its fruits are inedible, because there is little pulp in them.
Buy a germinated plant. This is, as a rule, a varietal crop obtained vegetatively, capable of "bringing" tasty, edible fruits.

It is interesting

In some tropical countries, the banana makes up the lion's share of exports. In terms of sales to other countries, this crop ranks 4th in the world, behind rice, wheat and corn. About 40 species are included in this genus.

Species grown in room culture

Conventionally, the species are divided into two groups.

Decorative, the cultivation of which at home is intended for a variety of interiors, for landscaping an apartment. Their fruits are also a kind of decoration, but they are inedible. These include bananas: velvety, lavender, bright red, Chinese dwarf. All of them reach about one and a half meters in height.
Fruit species are decorative, and they ripen fruits with good taste. This is a pointed banana, dwarf Cavendish, super dwarf Cavendish, Kyiv dwarf, Kyiv super dwarf. Their height varies from one to two meters.

It is interesting

A Ukrainian breeder who has been breeding this crop at home claims that the yield of the above species is 150 fruits from one “herbal tree”.

The seeds of this crop germinate for a long time, like most seeds of tropical plants. Therefore, you can buy an already germinated plant. Subject to all care requirements, it will bloom and bear fruit in a room culture. After buying, do not forget to transplant the banana into suitable soil for it, making drainage and creating the necessary conditions for growth.

Tropical plant from seeds: difficult or simple?

Seeds can be purchased at the store. As a rule, the package contains 3-4 seeds. According to customer reviews, they rise, but not as fast as we would like.

How to properly plant at home? Let's consider it step by step.

The seed has a dense shell, so it will be difficult for it to hatch. To do this, there is a technique called scarification: a strong shell must be filed, but without piercing or damaging the contents. The main thing is to allow the sprout to come out into the light.
You can plant seeds in separate containers, you can in a planting box at a distance of 15 cm between future seedlings.
A separate technique is the germination of seeds in advance in a moist coconut substrate mixed with perlite. The substrate is poured into a plastic bag, mixed with seeds. Tie, pierce several holes in it. Placed in a warm place, and after 2 weeks, the hatched seeds are planted in pre-prepared pots.
Potted substrate for banana seeds is river sand and peat (4:1). Feeding is not needed, but for further cultivation need drainage. You can also prepare another soil mixture - this is a forest turf with rotted leaves and needles. They are an excellent disinfectant. The mixture will have the following composition: forest turf, wood ash, sand and peat in equal proportions.
Seeds planted at home in the spring-summer period germinate after 3-5 weeks, and autumn-winter planting will increase the duration of the appearance of seedlings up to 3-5 months.
Seeds need to be spread over the surface and slightly pressed into the soil, without falling asleep with earth, so that light falls on the seed. To preserve heat and moisture, the container is placed in a warm place and covered with glass or film.
The film is periodically opened so that the air does not stagnate. If the substrate dries out, then spraying with a spray gun is mandatory.

Seedlings should not be placed in direct sunlight. If mold has appeared on the surface due to insufficient ventilation, then this area must be removed, treated with potassium permanganate and aeration should be monitored.
Growing a tropical plant and seed involves a long wait for seedlings to emerge. It may take 2-3 months until green sprouts appear. Then they start explosive growth, and after a week, young bananas can be planted on " permanent place residence".

You can not buy seeds in the store, but get them yourself from the appropriate varieties at home. If a ripe fruit covered brown spots the seeds are ripe. We crush the pulp and remove them manually. We wash well. Soak in water for 2-3 days room temperature We change the water periodically. Then wipe the seeds and lightly scrape. Seeds should be brown. After that, we land in the usual way.

If a tropical culture has grown "to the ceiling", then you can cut the top. This will not prevent her from blooming and bearing fruit. But it is better to use dwarf varieties that are specially designed for growing at home. They also produce crops, tolerate cold, and are resistant to disease.

A wide variety of tropical plants are grown at home, and the banana is no exception. You need to plant it according to all the rules, carefully look after. And then sit in a chair under the "palm tree" and feel like on vacation in an exotic country.

Banana is a tropical plant, which means it prefers an appropriate humid and warm climate. At home, it is quite possible to recreate a microclimate suitable for a banana plant. Remember, a banana is a herbaceous plant and therefore more demanding to care for.

In fact, indoor banana can be grown in two ways. A banana at home can be planted with a seed, or you can purchase a ready-made grown specimen. It must be borne in mind that these will different plants. By purchasing banana seeds, you will be planting a wild uncultivated subspecies that is stronger and more viable, however, such bananas have inedible fruits filled with seeds. AT garden shops often sell breeding varieties of bananas that reproduce vegetatively and after flowering can please you with real homemade edible bananas.

There are specially bred dwarf banana varieties intended for growing at home, less demanding on conditions and disease resistant, for example, Kyiv dwarf, Super dwarf. These varieties reach a small height of up to 1.5 and are quite suitable for growing in apartment conditions.

Growing banana from seed.

By purchasing the seeds of a banana plant and carefully examining them, you will notice that they have a fairly strong shell that needs to be scarified. First you need to slightly damage the durable shell using, for example, a nail file or a needle. It is not necessary to pierce the seed, a few scratches will be enough for the future sprout to be able to break the shell.

For planting seeds, choose small pots, about 10 cm in diameter for each banana seed, or you can use long flower boxes for several seeds, keeping a distance of about 15 cm between them. For the substrate during germination, a mixture is suitable river sand and peat 4: 1, no need to use any top dressing, make good drainage. Distribute the seeds on the surface of the moistened substrate and press them a little without falling asleep from above, leaving access for light.

Cover the seed pots with foil and place in a bright place, but without direct contact with sun rays. Air the pots every few days, spray the substrate with a spray bottle when dry. Avoid waterlogging and rotting of the soil. When mold appears, the affected area of \u200b\u200bthe substrate must be removed, and the entire surface should be treated with a solution of potassium permanganate.

When growing a banana at home from a seed, the emergence of seedlings will have to wait quite a long time: 2-3 months. However, after the appearance of sprouts, the rapid growth of the plant will begin, after about a week, young bananas must be transplanted into the ground.

If you have set out to grow your own edible bananas, or just want to avoid possible failures when planting seeds, it is possible to purchase an already grown banana of indoor fruit subspecies. Subject to certain conditions cultivation and with proper care, it is possible to achieve flowering and fruiting of bananas in ordinary apartment.

Conditions for growing and caring for a banana at room conditions.

After the purchase banana tree overexpose it for several days at home alone, in the place where it will grow in the future. Then the purchased plant needs to be transplanted. In a pot of 5-7 liters, make drainage using expanded clay, cover expanded clay with a small layer of sand. Good for banana soil simple earth from a deciduous forest, with the addition of 1:10 humus, or you can buy a flower mixture at a garden store.

Tell your friends about it.

dwarf banana- this is a plant that is quite large sizes bush, with wide wavy leaves. Due to the fact that the leaves, closely intertwined, form a dense, short stem, the dwarf banana is often associated with a palm tree. But the similarity is present only in appearance, the dwarf banana is a herbaceous plant.

At favorable conditions it can grow up to 1.5-3 m in height. The fruits of some types of dwarf bananas are edible, bright yellow with a pulp that is sweeter than that of "traditional" fruits. standard size.

Kinds

Several types of ornamental dwarf bananas suitable for growing in room conditions :

Home care

How to grow a dwarf banana at home? Let's look at the main points.

Features of care after purchase

After acquiring one or another variety of dwarf banana, it is necessary give him some time to adjust to change conditions. There is no need to immediately transplant and fertilize the plant, as well as provide abundant watering.

It is better to leave a dwarf banana in the pot in which it was purchased for about 1.5-2 weeks in a warm, dry room, protecting it from bright and direct sunlight.

Lighting

Due to the fact that the dwarf banana is not a small plant, and its most undersized species grow at least 50 cm in height and width, it is necessary to provide it with enough space to grow. Lighting should be sufficient, especially if a variety with wide and large leaves was chosen.

With a lack of lighting, the plant will wither, so, in addition to natural light, it is better to install several specially designed lamps. artificial light.

Temperature

AT winter time year, the temperature of the room in which the plant will be kept should not fall below 20-22 ° C. In principle, a dwarf banana can withstand a temperature of 15-16 ° C, but it is better not to subject it to such stress.

At low temperatures the growth of leaves and the formation of inflorescences slow down. Summer on the other hand, a banana needs a higher temperature regime, about 26-30 ° C.

Air humidity

In the native habitat of the dwarf banana humidity is high enough. In artificial conditions, for the most favorable existence, the humidity of the air should be at least 60%.

Bloom

Most often, plants begin to bear fruit at 3-5 years of age. In most varieties flowers stay for quite a long time: 2 to 8 months.

BUT after flowering the plant begins to bear fruit. If the plant, for some reason, does not bloom, then, most likely, the conditions of detention should be changed or the fertilizer should be changed.

Fertilizers (top dressing)

Feeding should be regular, but not very frequent. Usually use foliar and root dressing.

Leaf is applied to the leaves, with it you must be very careful so that the plant does not get burned. Root top dressing most effective, but should not be abused.

Some growers add a weak fertilizer concentrate to the irrigation, thinking that this will improve the growth and condition of the plant. However, in reality, the plant receives an excess of complementary foods, which can lead to its death.

There are two ways to grow a dwarf banana: using seeds or shoots from an adult plant.

from seed growing a banana is not easy, this method requires considerable experience. Before planting in a pot, the seeds are soaked in warm water (possible with the addition of potassium permanganate) for a day, while slightly breaking their upper shell.

After soaking, they are sown on moistened soil, identical in composition to that for an adult plant, covered with polyethylene and left in a warm, humid room until the first shoots appear, then the shoots are planted in separate pots.

For sprouting young shoots are suitable, with at least four leaves and strong roots. They are carefully removed from the mother plant, and planted in a prepared pot. Caring for young plants is the same as for an adult plant.

Landing

If the goal is to grow a dwarf banana at home, then it is best to purchase a young plant for this. It should be planted in the ground from under deciduous trees, with the addition of humus and river sand.

pot bottom lined with pebbles or expanded clay. At first, transplant young plant will have to be done quite often, and watering should be carried out as the soil dries.

You should not plant it in a very large pot, with a margin for future growth, since the presence a large number wet soil can cause root rot.

Transfer

The plant should be transplanted as its roots grow. Usually, a dwarf banana is transplanted 2 times a year. Transplantation is carried out only when the roots have completely occupied the entire lower part of the pot or box.

Diseases and pests

At home, the dwarf banana is practically not attacked by pests. However, some diseases may well hit him.

Most often this happens due to improper care behind the plant. The most common signs that the plant needs treatment:

drying of the leaves and their loss of gloss (insufficient air humidity);
yellowness on the foliage (insufficient watering);
root rot (overwatering).

With drafts and dry air the plant may be attacked by aphids or spider mites.

Growing a dwarf banana the process is pretty fun..

In addition to the "revitalization" of the interior bright colors during the flowering period, plant can deliver not only aesthetic pleasure, but also pamper us with their useful and tasty fruits.

The tempting idea of how to grow a banana at home has probably been visited by more than one amateur gardener. After all, this perennial exotic plant not only bears fruit, but also has an attractive appearance decorating the interior. In the article, we will analyze how to grow a banana at home from a purchased banana, and also consider the procedure for planting a banana.

In contact with

Unfortunately, it is impossible to grow this fruit in an apartment from the seeds of a purchased banana. Purchased ones do not have seeds, so the answer to the question of how to grow a banana from seeds is the only one - no way. Some amateur gardeners claim that there is a technology on how to properly plant a banana from a banana at home. Using this technology, it is supposedly possible to grow a full-fledged plant that will bear fruit even in an ordinary apartment. What is needed to grow a banana at home? Section 4 will detail the process of how to grow a banana from seeds of ornamental varieties.

Dwarf species for growing at home

If you want to know how to grow a banana from dwarf varieties, we recommend paying attention to new varieties that are adapted to Central European conditions environment. For example, the brainchild of the Ukrainian breeder A.V. Patia - "Kyiv dwarf", growing up to one and a half meters in height. Even shorter - "Superdwarf Kyiv" of the same variety, it can be grown up to one meter in height. A dwarf banana at home is unpretentious in care, but needs abundant watering and an air temperature of 25-28 C.

It looks like a banana sprout "Kyiv dwarf"

For the Kyiv Dwarf banana, home care comes down to three things:

lighting;
maintaining temperature regime;
watering.

It is able to bear fruit already at the age of three with flowering from 3 to 12 months. Despite its diminutiveness, the tree brings full harvest up to 150 sweet fruits regular size. Another common variety of dwarf tree is "Cavendish", the plant can be grown up to 2.5 meters in height. The length of the leaves of dwarf varieties is 1.5-1.8 m, and they are usually 35-50 cm wide.

How does a banana plant reproduce?

There are 2 confirmed methods of reproduction: using basal processes and division of the rhizome. Experts attribute seed propagation to an unlikely outcome, especially those obtained from a purchased fruit.

The easiest way to plant a banana at home is to use part of the rhizome. This breeding method is used in industrial scale, on banana plantations.

The peculiarity of the plant is that its stem, called the "rhizome", is located underground. It acts as a rhizome, and the plant grows with the help of the so-called pseudo-stem (twisted with a bundle of leaves), where an inflorescence is formed. The rhizome remains viable for up to 40 years. To understand how to plant a banana at home, you need to know these subtleties.

Where can I get seeds and how to plant them?

Growing bananas at home is more likely from dwarf seedlings. As for seeds from flower shops, only ornamental plants that do not bear fruit grow from them.

Tourists visiting Asian countries, for example, in India, Thailand, can meet mini bananas with large black seeds inside. From such seeds, it is probably possible to grow bananas at home, but this is unlikely under domestic conditions.

Let's give an answer to the fundamental question: what is the chance to grow a banana at home from a purchased fruit? It turns out to be zero.

Fruits imported to Russia do not contain pits or seeds. Those numerous recommendations and videos that can be found on the Internet that you can separate the grains from a purchased fruit and grow a plant from them are nothing more than a myth. All of these videos show in detail the extraction of dark grains, which the experimenters call seeds, but do not show the process of germination of these pseudo-seeds, the appearance and development of a sprout.

Only ornamental plants can be grown from seeds. Only from this position will we answer in the affirmative to the question of whether it is possible to grow a banana at home from seeds. An inert substrate is needed, which is bought at any gardening store. To sterilize, the mixture is steamed, dried, and perlite is added. Then, for prevention, they are sprayed with a solution of potassium permanganate.

Do not be lazy to prepare the substrate for planting yourself:

Prepare a mixture of peat, sand (1:3), mix.
Drainage material is placed at the bottom of the pot with a diameter of about 10 cm.
Then the substrate is placed (layer 5-6 cm).

To get a full-fledged decorative banana, growing at home begins with seed scarification:

Light incisions are made on the dense seed shell with a needle, nail file or other sharp object so that the sprout can break through the shell.
The seed is pressed into the substrate, leaving access to light.
Abundantly watered.
Then cover the pot with a film to improve germination.

It is necessary to monitor the day and night temperatures, in the daytime 27-33 C, and at night 20-25 C. Every 3-4 days you need to slightly open the film to ventilate the soil. When drying, you can spray the top layer from a spray bottle. If signs of mold appear, immediately remove this area, and spray the soil with a solution of potassium permanganate. The technique can be applied to seeds ornamental plants purchased from a specialized store.

Banana, like a plant, sprouts at home for a long time - up to three months. But after strengthening the green sprout, after 6-8 days, the plant can be transplanted into the ground or into a more spacious container.

How to grow from a leaf?

There is no confirmed information that separate sheet you can grow an independent plant. Now consider the care of a banana at home.

Features of care

The plant is considered unpretentious, although it requires compliance with certain rules. For an indoor banana, home care consists of four activities:

Glaze. It is necessary when the top layer dries up by 1-2 cm. The sprout loves rare, but sufficient watering with heated water. In winter, watering can be reduced so that the roots do not rot.
temperature balance. For normal growth t25-30 C is needed. If the temperature drops below 15 C, the development of the sprout slows down.
Illumination. The plant is exposed only on the south or east side under daylight. Needs in winter additional illumination. At the same time, the sprout does not like the direct rays of the sun, and its better in summer be placed in partial shade.
Top dressing with infusions of herbs (lupine, quinoa), biohumus is carried out in moist soil so as not to burn the rhizome. As biohumus, experts recommend natural humus, but not chicken or pork.

Do not forget to loosen the soil, and also wipe the dust from the surface of the leaves. Since home care for a plant guarantees safety from diseases, only in rare cases can it start spider mite(if the humidity is low). If the plant is planted in the ground for garden plot, it can be affected by fungi, some insects (black weevils).

Useful video

On the video experiment: seeds are planted, which are prepared independently from an overripe banana fruit. One part of the seeds was planted fresh, and the second part was kept in water for a day:

Conclusion

There is a chance that you will be able to grow a banana at home when it comes to young seedling dwarf variety.
Most The best way: division of the rhizome or from the finished dwarf variety.
Thinking about how to grow a purchased fruit from seeds is the prerogative of dreamy gardeners. But decorative varieties successfully grown from seed, but do not bear fruit.
A young plant needs watering, lighting, temperature balance, top dressing, but in general it does not cause much trouble to the owners.
With the help of dwarf varieties, you can grow fruits of a regular size, and it is convenient to place such plants right in a city apartment.

The opportunity to have an exotic plant in your home always attracts lovers. The article will discuss how to grow a banana at home (room) conditions from the seeds of a purchased fruit. Videos and photos will help to better understand everything.

Banana plant. Varieties for growing in a room

General view and biological features plants:

The height of a banana tree in the tropics reaches 10-12 m. For growing at home, there are dwarf varieties that grow no more than 2 m.
The length of the leaves is 1.5-2 m, the width is 30-50 cm.
Their bases are very close to each other, thus forming the stem of the plant (pseudostem).
The actual stem (rhizome) is underground. It has a spherical shape and simultaneously performs the functions of a rhizome.
The inflorescence emerges from the middle of the pseudostem, which dies off after fruiting.

Attention! The banana tree is not a tree at all. This is a herbaceous perennial plant.

The life span of the rhizome of each banana tree is about 40 years. In places of drying pseudo-stems, new ones grow. On an industrial scale, bananas are propagated by dividing the rhizome, that is, basal shoots are planted. So all varietal qualities are completely preserved. Plants grown from seeds are used in decorative purposes. Their fruits, most often, are unsuitable for human consumption.

banana tree

At home, amateurs grow both varieties of bananas with very tasty fruits, and trees that serve as interior decoration. The average height of such plants is 2-2.5 m, and some dwarf varieties 1-1.5 m. The former include:

Pointed Banana;
banana Cavendish dwarf;
banana Cavendish superdwarf;
Kyiv dwarf;
Kyiv superdwarf.

Attention! You can get banana fruits in a room only with appropriate care.

Decorative varieties:

Velvety banana;
lavender banana;
Chinese dwarf;
Bright red banana.

These varieties bloom very beautifully and can produce small, inedible fruits.

How to get seeds from a store-bought banana and germinate them

To independently obtain seeds from a purchased banana, you will need to perform the following steps:

Banana with peel yellow color placed in plastic bag until it is completely dark.
Peel the flesh from the skin and cut it lengthwise to the level of the core.
With a sharp object, the seeds are removed from the pulp and laid out one by one on a paper napkin.

Attention! Only rounded seeds are suitable for planting. Flat copies should be selected and discarded.

To separate from the pulp, the seeds are washed well.
The resulting material is poured warm water and leave it for 2-3 days.
Rinse well and dry again.

Take seeds from dark-skinned fruits

Next, the seeds are germinated, which requires an inert substrate. Suitable sphagnum or coconut, which can be purchased at specialty stores. The substrate must be steam sterilized. After cooling, they are mixed with perlite and watered with a solution of potassium permanganate.

If it is not possible to purchase a substrate from plant fibers, a mixture of coarse sand and peat (3: 1) can be used. Sprouting banana seeds like this:

The bottom of the tank is covered with drainage material. A layer of substrate 5-6 cm thick is placed on top.
Seeds are pressed into the substrate and watered well.

Attention! The shell of banana seeds is very dense, therefore, before germination, its integrity should be violated. This can be done by rubbing between sheets sandpaper, scratching the shell with a needle or shallow cuts with a manicure nail file. The main thing is not to overdo it and not damage the core.

To preserve moisture, they arrange a greenhouse made of polyethylene.
During the day, the temperature is maintained within +27..+33°C, and at night +20..+25°C.

Seeds germinate for a long time - from 2 to 3 months. To eliminate mold that may appear during this time, it is enough to treat the substrate with potassium permanganate.

Planting a banana

How to plant a germinated plant and care for it

To grow a banana plant, they take the top layer (5-7 cm) of soil from under hazel, birch, linden and acacia. Sand, humus and ash are added to the earth collected in this way in a ratio of 10: 2: 1: 0.5, respectively. The whole composition is mixed and calcined in the oven. The bottom of the pot is lined with drainage material. Moistened sand is poured over it, and only then prepared soil.

Advice. So that the pot does not adjoin closely to the pallet, you can put several small stones or a grate between them. This technique will allow air to freely penetrate to the roots.

The germinated seed is buried in the soil by no more than 2 cm, sprinkled and watered well. After the banana grows up and the roots "take over" the entire space of the pot, it is transferred to a larger container.

Banana care in the room consists of the following work:

Water the banana when the soil dries out.

Regular loosening of the soil.
Watering. It should be carried out infrequently, but plentifully. An indicator is the drying of the upper (1-2 cm) layer of soil in a pot.
Spraying. AT winter period this is done once a week, and in the summer every day.
Maintaining the temperature regime. Acceptable temperature for a banana is +25..+30°C. At +15°C, the growth and development of the plant is greatly slowed down.
Lighting. Only the southern and eastern sides in dwellings are suitable for a banana. In winter, you need to provide additional lighting.
Feeding. Fertilizer should be applied regularly. Suitable biohumus, infusion of herbs.

Growing a banana from seed is a tricky business. But after all the efforts, you can enjoy yourself and surprise your friends with a beautiful exotic plant, which, perhaps, will become the main decoration of the home.