What is the highest degree in Russian. The adjective name of the degree of comparison of adjective names is a simple form of the comparative degree of adjectives, the basis of the initial form -ee(s)-e-she
Quality adjectiveshave degrees of comparison. They express a greater or lesser degree of quality in this subject compared to another subject.
For example: (My house is more beautiful than your house). sometimes the comparison takes place within the same object (increase or decrease) in different periods of its development, i.e. at the present moment, compared to its past state.
For example: (Demand for a product has become higher than last year).
Adjectives have two degrees of comparison:
comparative;
excellent.
1.Comparative adjective means that some feature is manifested to a greater or lesser extent in one subject than in another.
For example: I am happier than you. Your briefcase is heavier than mine. My dog is smarter than yours.
The comparative degree is:
A) simple
B) complex
BUT) Simple comparative degree formed with suffixes:
"her" (s): For example: beautiful - more beautiful, smart - smarter, cold - colder;
"e" (with alternation of the last consonant of the stem or without alternation):
For example: big - more, short - shorter, sweet - sweeter;
"she": For example: old - older, young - younger.
Sometimes, when forming the comparative degree of an adjective, a different root is used.
Good is better, bad is worse, small is less.
Adjectives in the form of a simple comparative degree do not change and do not have endings!
B) Compound Comparative is formed from the full form of the positive degree of the adjective with the help of particles more and less.
Big - more (less) big, beautiful - more (less) beautiful.
2) Superlative adjectives.
The superlative degree shows that some feature is manifested in the given subject to the greatest extent, in comparison with the same feature in other homogeneous subjects.
This one is mine Best game; He is the smartest boy in the class.
Superlatives are:
A) simple
B) complex
The superlative degree of an adjective can change by gender, number, and case.
(We approached the highest mountains).
BUT) simple superlatives formed with the help of suffixes "eysh", "aysh".
For example: stupidest, deepest, rarest, closest
Sometimes in education superlatives adjective uses a different root.
For example: Good is the best, bad is the worst.
B) Compound Superlative is formed from the full form of the positive degree of the adjective using the particles most, most and least.
For example: Small - the smallest, the smallest, the least small, smart - the smartest, the smartest, the least smart.
Adjectives in the superlative degree, like full forms positive degree of adjectives, change by gender, number and case.
Publication date: 01/28/2012 17:58 UTC
- Morphological analysis of the adjective in Russian.
- Full and short forms of adjectives. Declension and spelling of case forms of adjectives in Russian.
- The concept of an adjective. Morphological features of adjectives. Classes of adjectives in Russian.
The difficulty of using quality adjectives also lies in the ability to form them degrees of comparison.
- positive degree all adjectives have the simplest, since it simply says that this feature is present in the subject: cheerful, bright etc.
- comparative indicates that some feature is manifested in the subject to a greater or lesser extent. This degree is formed only from qualitative adjectives. It is simple and complex. A simple one is formed with the help of parts of a word - morphemes, and a complex one - with the help of additional words. Moreover, words in the form of a simple comparative degree do not change, that is, they are not declined.
Ways to form a simple comparative degree:
⇒Do not form a simple comparative degree:
- adjectives that have moved into the category of qualitative from possessive and relative: golden (guy), fox (character);
- adjectives that do not change in degrees, as they denote constant feature: blind, deaf, single;
- adjectives with suffixes -SK-, -ESK-, -OV-, -K-, -ONK-, -OVAT-, etc.: prickly, comradely, businesslike, tiddly, whitish;<.li>
- adjectives denoting the colors of animals: black, gray, bay.
Moreover, words in the form of a complex comparative degree can be easily inclined according to cases, gender and numbers.
Ways of forming a simple superlative degree:
⇒Words that do not form a simple superlative:
- those that do not form a simple comparative degree (see above);
- separate adjectives with suffixes -CHIV-, -LIV-, -K-: hot, trusting;
- adjectives with suffixes -IST-, -AST-: vociferous, vociferous.
Adjectives in Russian. They are indispensable when it is necessary to compare one characteristic of an object or phenomenon with another. Let's try to understand the intricacies of this topic.
Adjective
Before you start studying the topic "Degrees of comparison of adjectives in Russian", you need to find out how this part of speech differs from all others. And she really has a lot of features. It is hard to imagine our speech without this colorful, graceful group. With the help of adjectives, we describe appearance (short, handsome, unsightly), character (kind, grouchy, difficult), age (young, old). However, not only human qualities, but many other things can be represented with their help. For example, none piece of art does not do without the use of adjectives. And even more so the lyrics. Thanks to this part of speech, stories, poems, novels acquire expressiveness and figurativeness.
Helps to form artistic means, as epithets (dazzling beauty, wonderful morning), metaphors stone heart), comparisons (looks like the happiest; the sky is like an azure watercolor).
A distinctive feature of adjectives is their ability to form short forms. The latter always play the role of a predicate in a sentence, which gives this part of speech another advantage - to give any text dynamics.
What is a degree?
Anyone who studies the Russian language faces this question. The degree of comparison of adjectives is a characteristic that helps to compare one object with another.
For example, we have two balls in front of us. They are exactly the same, only one of them is slightly different in size. We need to compare them with each other and conclude: one ball more another. We can approach this issue from a different angle and note that one ball less than the second one. In both cases, we used a word that characterizes the degree of comparison of these objects.
Now let's add to our objects one more of the same, but much larger. We need to distinguish it from others. How are we going to do it? Of course, use comparison. Only now you need to indicate that the third ball is different from the first and second at once. In this case, we say that he the biggest among them.
It is for this that we need. We will describe each of their types in detail below.
comparative
When we have an adjective in front of us, which no one compares with anything, then it is characterized by a positive degree. But if one object needs to be compared with another, then we will use the comparative degree of the adjective.
It has two subspecies. The first is called simple, or suffixal. This means that the word used in this degree has a suffix characteristic of it.
For example: This table chic. Neighbor's table smarter ours.
In the first case, the adjective is in the positive degree. In the second, the suffix "her" was added to it and with the help of this they compared one table with another.
The second type is the composite degree. As the name implies, its formation does not occur with the help of morphemes, but with the use of special words.
For example: This project is very successful. The last project was more successful.
The word "more" helps us compare one project to another.
Another example: We have valuable information. The previous one turned out less valuable.
Now, with the help of the word "less", we indicated a sign that manifested itself to a lesser extent.
It is worth remembering that the degrees of comparison of adjectives in the Russian language, regardless of varieties, are formed only from neither possessive nor relative ones possess this ability.
Superlatives
In some situations, we need not only to compare one object or phenomenon with another, but to distinguish it from all similar ones. And here we will also come to the aid of the degree of comparison of adjectives in Russian. This degree of comparison is called excellent, which already implies the highest limit.
Like comparative, it has two varieties.
With the help of suffixes, a simple degree is formed.
For example: Ivanov strongest of all the athletes on the team.
The word "strong" with the suffix -eysh- formed and singled out the athlete Ivanov among other members of the team.
Next example: New tulle the most beautiful from what I have seen.
In this case, the auxiliary word "most" gave this sentence the same meaning as in the previous example. This form is called composite.
Sometimes it can be accompanied by the prefix nai- to enhance: the most beautiful.
Peculiarities
In some cases, the forms of degrees of comparison of adjectives have exceptions.
These include the words "good" and "bad". When we begin to compare objects with their help, we will encounter some difficulties.
For example: We have good evening. Let's try to form a chain of degrees of comparison.
In a simple comparison, we will see that the word "good" does not exist. He is replaced by "better". And for the word "bad" let's choose "worse". Such a phenomenon in Russian is called suppletivism of the foundations. This means that the word needs to change dramatically in order to form a comparative degree.
Conclusion
Thus, we managed to find out not only the basics, but also some nuances on the topic "Degrees of comparison of adjectives in Russian".
Now this rule will not cause you any difficulties, since it is quite simple.
Which acts as the original form: kind - kinder, more / less kind, kindest, kindest, kindest of all.
It expresses the attribute of a given object beyond comparison with the attribute of another object, in relation to the degree of manifestation of the attribute, it is neutral.
comparative
Comparative forms denote:
1. A sign that is manifested in one subject to a greater extent than in another.
- Elbrus above Kazbek.
- This first sound was followed by another, harder and lingering...
- (I. S. Turgenev)
- Further experiments were more complex than the previous ones.
- (Academician I.P. Pavlov)
2. A sign that manifests itself differently in the same object at different times, is contained either to a greater or lesser extent.
- I am now more modest became in desire
- My life or you dreamed of me ...
- (S. A. Yesenin)
- Faith has become more restrained than it was.
Comparative degree can be simple(consist of one word) and composite(composed of two words).
Comparative Degree Education
| initial form of the adjective | Means of Education of the Comparative Degree | Comparative adjective |
| spicy interesting nonsensical | simple form -her (-her) | acute her (her) interesting her more meaningless |
Adjectives with stems in r, k, x, d, t, st hot quiet expensive young steep | -e+ alternation of the final consonant of the stem | hot e hush e dearer e younger e steep e |
Adjectives with suffixes - to -, -OK -(-ek -) bottom k uy high ok uh | -e+ suffix truncation - to -, -OK -(-ek -) | lower e higher e |
long thin | -she+ truncation of the final consonant stem r, k | share she tone she |
high big | on - + -she(-e) | above for more |
good bad small | from other bases | better worse less |
| solid weak sweet | more or less words | harder less weak more sweet |
Do not have a simple form of comparative degree quality adjectives with suffixes - sk -, -ov -, -l -, -n -(they don’t have short forms either!): friendly, massive, bloody, emaciated, etc. This also includes adjectives with the suffix - to - such as fusible, bulky, heavy, separate non-derivative words (flat, dilapidated, proud, sloping) and words denoting animal colors: brown, savrasy, etc.
Superlatives
Superlatives denote:
1. A feature that is manifested in a given subject to the highest degree or more than in all other subjects.
- Elbrus - highest from the mountains of the Caucasus.
- In this group Ivanov - most capable and hardworking student.
- you today the best.
2. The ultimate degree of quality without comparison with other subjects, including as part of set expressions: the kindest soul, the worst enemy.
- Has come the most important stage in your life.
- Everything needs to be figured out smallest details.
Superlative education
| initial form of the adjective | Superlatives | Superlative adjective |
| strict brief quiet high | simple form -ash -+ alternating final consonant stem | watchman ish ii short ish ii hush ish ii high ish ii |
brave wonderful | -eysh - | brave eysh ii miraculous eysh ii |
high ok uh beautiful | nai -+ -sh- (truncation of the suffix - OK -) nai - + -eysh - | highest the most beautiful |
good bad small | from other bases | best the worst less |
| solid accessible | Composite form word most | the hardest the most accessible |
loyal happy | words most, least | most faithful least cheerful |
sad smart interesting | compare. step. adj. + genitive pronoun all - all | the saddest of all smarter than everyone the most interesting |
Qualitative adjectives with suffixes do not form a simple superlative form - sk -, -n -, -ov -(-ev -), -to -, -ast -, -ist -: native , business , loud , loud , colorful , sprawling , thoroughbred , many words with suffixes - Liv -, -chiv -, -ovate - (-evat -): boisterous, talkative, whitish.
