When to plant garlic in the fall. When winter garlic is planted: planting time, tips for preparing beds and seed treatment

Garlic is a very unpretentious culture. But with the seeming ease of caring for it, if you want to get a good harvest, it is recommended to follow some rules regarding the planting site of the crop, the choice of planting material, agrotechnical nuances, etc.

When to plant garlic before winter?

Garlic belongs to the bulbous family, and therefore a cold period is necessary for its development. Many gardeners are concerned about the answer to the question: when to plant garlic before winter? There is no single correct answer here. A lot depends on the climatic conditions of the region where it is planned to grow garlic. Usually planting begins two to three weeks before the onset of frost. In the middle zone of our country, this is approximately the end of September or the beginning of October, and in the more southern regions - the beginning of November. Before the onset of frost, the bulb will be able to develop a strong root system, but will not begin to release leaves.

How to choose the right place to land

Once you know when to plant garlic before winter, it's best to choose light, well-drained soils (pH 6-6.5). Poor growth of garlic clay soils ah, where they lie close ground water. Good - in sufficiently lit, sunny places. If the site is in the shade most of the time, then garlic bulbs can be planted a little less often than usual. Before planting, dig the area with a pitchfork to the depth of a bayonet, picking out weed roots. As a fertilizer, you can make garden compost (15-20 liters per 1 sq. M) or potash-phosphorus fertilizer. If when growing you try not to use chemical fertilizers, they can be successfully replaced wood ash(1 l per 1 sq. m). In no case should manure be applied immediately before planting! This usually causes the heads of garlic to become very loose, grow poorly, and become infected with various infections more quickly.

What garlic to plant before winter?

It is very important when right choice planting material. Breeders are advised to choose varieties grown in the area within a radius of no more than 50 km. The purple-striped variety has proven itself well. It is winter-hardy, gives a good harvest, is practically not susceptible to infection with infectious diseases. When buying planting material, you should choose large bulbs without mechanical damage, without signs of infectious diseases (various spots, etc.). To prevent infection, it is necessary to hold the bulbs in a slightly pink potassium permanganate solution.

Landing technology

Having decided on the answer to the question of when to plant garlic before winter, you need to clearly understand the planting technology. It is convenient when planting to mark the beds no more than 1 meter wide and place them from east to west. For good bulb development, plant garlic to a depth of 5-7 cm according to a 10 x 15 pattern. When you need to plant garlic in the middle lane in November, you can simply change the planting depth upwards to 15 cm. After planting, the bulbs are covered with earth, and under conditions the middle lane must be covered with straw, fallen leaves, spruce branches, etc.

Garlic (lat. Allium sativum) is perennial herbaceous plant, a species of the genus Onion of the family Amaryllis subfamily Onion. This vegetable crop has been popular with many peoples of the world for six thousand years - garlic is in demand both in cooking and in medicine. Edible are not only the bulbs of garlic, but also the leaves, arrows and flower stalks of young plants. The homeland of the plant is Central Asia, and it was introduced into the culture in the mountainous regions of Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan. Scientists suggested that garlic originated from a long-pointed onion, which is common in the mountain gorges of Turkmenistan and the Tien Shan, and further research confirmed this conjecture - garlic is indeed genetically indistinguishable from this type of onion, therefore, with a high degree We can say with certainty that garlic is a type of onion. It is grown in both spring and winter ways. In this article, we will tell you how to properly plant winter varieties of garlic.

When to plant garlic before winter

Dates of planting garlic in the fall of 2018

When to plant winter garlic? Winter garlic is grown from autumn. The previous crop must be removed from the site where you plan to sow winter garlic, no later than before the end of July. Planting garlic in the ground is carried out 35-45 days before frost. Before the onset of winter and freezing of the soil, garlic has time to develop a root system 10-12 cm long, but the green shoots will no longer appear. The optimal time for planting garlic is from September 20 to mid-October. However, if you decide to grow garlic from bulbs, and not from cloves, then you can sow them in April.

If you believe lunar calendar, then the most auspicious days for planting garlic in 2018 - September 4, 5, 12-15, as well as 11, 12 and 13 October. Who did not have time on these dates, there are still 8, 11 and 16 November.

When Not to Plant Garlic

Too early planted garlic will sprout, which should not be allowed categorically, and garlic planted too late will not have time to take root and freeze, therefore it is so important to observe the planting dates of winter varieties verified by many years of experience.

In the photo: Winter garlic dug in spring

After which crop to plant garlic

Before you determine the site for winter garlic, you need to know after which you can plant garlic, that is, which crops can precede garlic, and after which it will not grow. Garlic will grow best after annual vegetables with a short growing season - cucumbers, peppers, eggplants, pumpkins, zucchini, cereals or berry bushes. It is not recommended to plant garlic in the area where root crops grew - their crop is harvested late, and the soil depleted by root crops is unlikely to have time to recover. Can you plant garlic after garlic? Absolutely not. Just like after the bow. The principle of fruit change suggests that you will be able to grow garlic in the place where it grew in the current year no earlier than in three to four years.

Garlic before planting - preparation

Unlike spring garlic, which reproduces only by cloves, winter garlic reproduces by both cloves and bulbs. In order to grow a full-fledged bulb from a bulb, it will take two years, and from a clove you can get a large onion for next year after landing. Before planting garlic in the fall, the seed is sorted out, discarding damaged, small and diseased teeth, as well as those in which the shell is broken, then high-quality teeth are disinfected for 2 hours in ash liquor - a solution of 400 g of ash in two liters of water, boiled in for half an hour and then chilled. Instead of ash lye, a two-minute treatment can be used to disinfect teeth. seed in saline solution (3 tablespoons per 5 liters of water) followed by disinfection for a minute in solution blue vitriol(1 teaspoon per 10 liters of water).

soil for garlic

Where to plant garlic? Garlic is photophilous, so grow it under the sun in sandy, non-acidic soil manured for the previous crop - fresh manure in the soil for garlic leads to the fact that it is more often affected by diseases and pests. If there is a need to fertilize the soil after the previous crop, do it no later than one and a half to two weeks before planting garlic: dig the soil onto a shovel bayonet, adding 5-6 kg of humus per m², as well as 30 g of superphosphate and 20 g of potassium salt, then pour the area with a solution of copper sulfate (1 teaspoon per 10 liters of water). Before planting, cover the bed with foil.

Pictured: Heads of garlic

How to plant garlic before winter

On the site prepared for planting, furrows are made with a depth of 15-20 cm at a distance of 20-25 cm from each other, coarse-grained sand is poured into the bottom of the grooves with a layer of 1.5-3 cm in order to prevent contact of the teeth with the soil and protect them from decay . The distance between large teeth should be 12-15 cm, and between those that are smaller - 8-10 cm. After planting the teeth in the soil, the site must be mulched with a two-centimeter layer of dry peat or sawdust mixed with the ground. If the winter is snowless, you will have to cover the crops with roofing material or polyethylene, but as soon as the snow starts, remove the film so that the snow falls on the site.

If you use bulbs as seed, they are sown to a depth of no more than 3 cm at a distance of 2 cm from each other with a distance between the grooves of 10 cm. which need to be dug up, dried and planted again in the ground, so that next year they give a full-fledged bulb.

In the photo: Winter garlic grows

Caring for garlic after planting in the fall

Planting and caring for garlic in the open field will not cause you any trouble. Winter garlic is a culture with increased cold resistance, and if only it has time to build up a root system by winter, it will endure the winter perfectly, especially if you mulch the area and cover it with roofing material. In the spring, the shelter is removed from the site and 2 cm of mulch is removed to make it easier for seedlings to break through the earth's thickness. At the end of June, the garlic begins to shoot arrows, which must be broken out before they reach a height of 10 cm, otherwise the bulb will end up too small. As soon as the first greens appear, apply nitrogen fertilizers to the soil - urea, mullein or a solution bird droppings. The next top dressing - a solution of 200 g of ash in a bucket of water - apply in June or July. Garlic is best fed with organic fertilizers. Watering garlic in the phase of active growth should be plentiful, in the phase of ripening of the bulbs they switch to moderate watering, and if it is rainy, then there is no need for additional moisture, since excess moisture in the second half of the growing season provokes diseases and damping of the bulbs. After watering or rain, the ground on the site is loosened, and the weeds are removed. If you have mulched the area after the shoots have hatched, you will have to fight weeds, loosen the soil and water the garlic much less often.

On the picture: harvested winter garlic

You need to harvest garlic in sunny weather, when they turn yellow en masse. lower leaves- this usually happens in late July or early August, two weeks earlier than spring garlic ripens. The dug out bulbs of winter garlic are dried in the sun for 4-5 days, cleaned of soil, cut off the roots and shorten the stem to 10-20 cm. Do not let the garlic overripe - its heads disintegrate from this.

Features of planting winter garlic

Planting garlic before winter in the suburbs

Actually, there is no big difference between growing winter garlic in Ukraine and in the Moscow region - it all depends on when and how winter begins. If the winter starts with a snowfall, then you don’t even have to cover the garlic with a film, but if the winter is snowless during severe frosts, the garlic will freeze without shelter. The most important thing is not to let the crops freeze in the soil, so be guided by the amount of snow: a lot of snow - do not cover the garlic, a little - cover it. In the spring, when shoots appear, all your fears will be left behind.

Planting garlic before winter in the Urals

Ural gardeners recommend not to mulch winter landings garlic, but simply cover them from frost with roofing felt or film. Mulch the plot better in spring when shoots hatch. In addition, if garlic becomes smaller and worse over the years, the Urals recommend using bulbs rather than cloves as planting material: in the first year, bulbs will produce medium-sized single-tooth bulbs, but in the second year they will become noticeably larger. The Urals do not recommend loosening the soil, because when loosening the top row of roots is cut off, and the plant may not receive some kind of nutrient, it will weaken and, possibly, even get sick. A site mulched in the spring makes loosening an unnecessary procedure and keeps the plant healthy.

In the photo: Garlic flowering on the site

Planting garlic before winter in Siberia

AT Western Siberia planting dates for winter garlic are earlier - from mid-September to the first week of October. In addition, covering the area with crops with roofing felt before snow falls is mandatory. Otherwise, planting and caring for garlic is not much different from these processes in other areas.

Varieties of winter garlic

In order to succeed in growing winter garlic, it is very important to choose a variety adapted to your area. Varieties of garlic are arrowed and not forming arrows. Those varieties that give an arrow are usually more hardy and winter-hardy. We offer you the characteristics of several popular winter varieties in the culture, among which you can find the one that suits you.

• Lyubasha- a variety of Ukrainian selection with good winter hardiness and dry resistance, perfectly stored for up to 10 months without loss of quality. The height of the stem is 90-120 cm, the number of teeth is up to 7 pieces, the average weight of one clove is 15-10 g. The bulb is white with barely noticeable purple veins.
• Ukrainian white- cultivated both in spring and winter crops. The variety does not shoot, but is perfectly stored, the weight of the bulb is from 50 to 140 g, the number of cloves in the bulb is from 4 to 12 pcs.

On the picture: good harvest garlic

• Saved- also a Ukrainian variety, bred by Lviv breeders, which has a high yield and keeping quality. The number of cloves is from 7 to 9, the average bulb weight is from 60 to 100 g. Resistant to nematodes and Fusarium.
• Jubilee Gribovsky- one of the best old varieties with a very sharp taste, high yield, keeping quality and resistance to pests and diseases. The bulb weighs about 40 g and consists of 5-8 cloves.
• Anniversary 07- the variety is productive, resistant to Fusarium, well stored. The bulb is white-lilac with strokes, consists of 5-8 cloves, the taste is semi-sharp.
• Reliable- a fruitful variety with a semi-sharp taste, it is stored for almost a year in a warm room, the bulb, white with lilac touches, consists of 6-7 cloves.

Garlic is not inferior in popularity and demand to such a common plant as onion. Both green crops are planted in summer cottages and household plots not only beginners, but also experienced gardeners.

Perhaps every vegetable gardener should know when to plant garlic before winter, as well as how to choose planting material and how the landing site should be prepared. Only knowing how to plant garlic correctly, you can count on getting a very high quality and high yield.

General information

The homeland of garlic, or Állium satívum, is the territory of Central Asia. The popularity of this vegetable crop in many peoples due to its specific pungent taste, as well as a characteristic smell. The plant contains thioethers, or organic sulfides, and is widely used in complex medical therapy due to its high antiseptic effects.

The cloves of a garlic bulb are called cloves. They can be used as inoculum and also find wide application when cooking as a condiment or raw. In addition, other parts of this plant are edible. The use of leaves, arrows, and flower stalks of young plants is practiced in many cuisines of the world.

There is a certain technology and rules that explain how to plant winter, or winter, garlic in the fall. Can be planted winter garlic not only in orderly rows, but also in a semicircle, grooves or scattered - each gardener chooses the method of planting independently.

The choice of material for planting in the fall

The types of garlic that are found in the climatic conditions of our country can be divided into four main types:

• spring garlic: arrow and non-shoot;
• winter, or winter, garlic: non-shooting and shooting.

Most spring varieties of garlic are classified as non-shooting and have medium-sized bulbs, as well as several rows of cloves arranged in a spiral around the stem part. For winter garlic, on the contrary, the ability to shoot is characteristic. The large teeth of this plant are arranged in one row. Each head, or onion, can exceed 150 grams in weight.

There are not very many varieties of winter garlic. The category of the most popular is purple garlic, which has stripes. This variety is unpretentious in care, is very well preserved and is characterized by high frost resistance. Experienced gardeners prefer zoned varieties that exhibit high yield.

To perform the correct planting of winter, or winter, garlic, it is necessary to select the largest and strongest cloves. The skin should be removed from the surface of several teeth, which will allow you to check the planting material for stains and dents. Any garlic cloves of questionable quality or underweight should be discarded.

It is advisable to disassemble the garlic bulbs immediately before planting, which will not allow the planting material to lose moisture. It is very important to "remove" the bottom of the prepared cloves. In order to prevent damage by pathogenic microorganisms, you need to soak the garlic for several minutes in a solution of ordinary table salt. The solution should not be very concentrated: salt is added to the water at the rate of 1 teaspoon for every liter of water. Then the planting material is processed in an aqueous solution of copper sulphate. You can use a weak pink solution of pharmacy potassium permanganate.

How to plant garlic before winter (video)

When and how to plant correctly, at what depth and distance

The timing and methods of planting largely depend on climatic conditions. In central Russia, it is best to sow from the end of August to the end of October at a stable temperature, and in the southern regions it is recommended to land at the end of October or mid-November. It is required to focus on the minimum positive temperature.

Even if the planting dates are missed, planting material can be planted, but to a greater depth. Too much early landing can be protected from frost by adding a layer of mulch, which will cover the emerging green seedlings. As with the cultivation of any winter crop, it is best to choose a site for planting on a hill. Otherwise, stagnant moisture will have a detrimental effect on plants. The ideal option planting winter garlic on high ridges is considered.

For winter garlic, light soils in the form of loams, as well as sandy loams with neutral acidity, are preferred. It is better to choose a place with high-quality lighting. When planting in a shaded place, increase the distance between the teeth. Grooves for sowing should have a depth of 10 centimeters, row spacing should be about 20 centimeters. The standard "step" between the cloves of winter garlic should be no more than 15 centimeters. When sowing in October, you need to maintain a depth of 5 centimeters.

How to plant garlic seeds

On properly developed and well-formed plants, it is recommended to leave arrows, which are flower stalks, on which small bulbous bulbs will appear. Their sowing is also carried out before winter. The standard technology for sowing such onions is as follows:

• prepare the garden for autumn sowing and two weeks before planting, fill the ridge with ash, compost, superphosphate and potassium sulfate;
• plant garlic bulbs in the fall in the grooves, and then sprinkle with soil and tamp the soil a little.

It is possible to mulch the area prepared for sowing bulbs with the help of wet newspapers, in which holes should be made, and plant the seeds in the form of bulbs. Top the mulch with a thin layer of soil. AT spring period this mulch will delay the growth of weeds and allow garlic seeds to germinate very quickly. In addition, thanks to the mulching layer, the moisture and heat of the planting soil are preserved.

To get a high yield of large and fragrant garlic heads, you should follow some simple recommendations:

• when planting winter garlic, you need to special attention refer to checking seeds or planting material;
• if winter period soft and not very frosty, then you can not sprinkle or mulch planting garlic;
• from small bulbs in July, decent-sized single-toothed ones are obtained, which will the best material for planting before winter on a large garlic bulb;
• depending on features climate zone planting garlic before winter should be carried out from late September to mid-November.

How to prepare the soil for planting garlic (video)

Only knowing at what time it is possible to plant winter garlic, how to correctly choose the right planting material, and also in what ways the site is prepared for planting, you can get a high yield of this valuable garden crop.

Winter garlic is planted before winter. It gives a harvest already in the middle of summer, while it requires practically no maintenance. In order for garlic to successfully overwinter and take root, it is necessary to carefully select and disinfect planting material, prepare the soil and place for planting, and correctly determine the appropriate planting dates.

What garlic to plant before winter

In nature, there are two types of cultivated garlic:

1. spring(with vegetation in the summer),
2. winter(beginning its development in autumn, wintering and giving its crop in the middle of summer).

What is the difference between winter garlic and spring garlic?

1. Landing dates: spring is planted in spring, and winter - before winter.
2. Storage: spring garlic is stored better than winter garlic, which is better not to be stored.
3. Number of teeth: heads of spring garlic consist of a large number small cloves (up to 25 pcs.), in winter varieties there are not too many (about 8) large cloves, tightly located around a dense rod.
4. Taste: spring garlic is less pungent in taste, unlike winter garlic.
5. Husk: the cover of spring cloves is thinner, and winter ones are “dressed” in a dense shell.

The usefulness and nutritional value of both types of garlic is unsurpassed. Therefore, the gardener should decide for himself how, when and what type of garlic to plant, depending on the purpose of cultivation, food preferences and the possibility of storing it.

Planting winter garlic

You can start landing without haste. Winter garlic is not afraid of either the first autumn frosts, or frosts, or spring cold snaps, because. its initial development it takes place deep enough in the soil. And the teeth planted in the fall do not need any care. The most important thing at this stage is proper preparation soil for planting.

Varieties of winter garlic for planting

There are two types of winter garlic:

1. darting
2. non-shooting.

They differ in head size, ripening time, taste. The most important difference: arrow varieties form an arrow with bulbs, which can serve as planting material in the fall. In such varieties, it is necessary to break off the arrows during growth when they reach 5 cm.

Shooting varieties of winter garlic:

• Belorussian,
• Lyubasha,
• Gulliver
• Alekseevsky,
• Alcor,
• Gribovsky,
• Sail.

Non-shooting varieties of winter garlic:

• Podmoskovny,
• Novosibirsk,
• Saki,
• Broadleaf 220.

Photo: winter garlic variety Alekseevsky

Planting dates for winter garlic

Planted winter garlic in the fall. It is inappropriate to stipulate specific terms, because they depend on the climate zone.

• Rare first frosts are not taken into account.
• More early dates can lead to premature germination and freezing of garlic.
• Late planting excludes the possibility of root germination and good rooting of teeth. In no case can not be planted in frozen ground.
• During this period, planted garlic should form and take root root system, but by no means the above-ground part!
• The soil temperature for planting is optimal within + 10-12 ° С.

Based on long-term observations, in different regions the necessary conditions are added up on different calendar dates:

1. for the Middle lane - the end of September - the first half of October;
2. Siberia, Ural, Far East- the end of September - the first decade of October;
3. in the southern regions, these dates are shifted to the end of October - November.

Place for planting winter garlic

• Garlic does not tolerate shaded areas, such as under trees or bushes.
• Choose an open, well-lit area, preferably on a hill.
• Excellent option - high warm bed.
• Lowered places are not suitable at all, tk. in spring, accumulation of precipitation or melted snow is possible here, which will lead to decay of planting material.

Soil preparation for planting winter garlic

• For planting garlic before winter, a sufficiently deep, at least 20-25 cm, digging of the soil is necessary.

Beds for garlic plantings should be placed from north to south.

Garlic does not grow well acidic soils. The best is neutral or slightly alkaline (pH 6.5-7.5). Therefore, if necessary, be sure to add a deoxidizer (chalk, dolomite flour).

Try to avoid heavy clay soils. If there is no alternative, then add more peat and sand.

It is advisable to prepare the site no later than a month before the planting time, because. the soil should settle well after digging, otherwise, compacting, the soil will drag the planted garlic cloves down with it. Having gone deep, they will lag behind with seedlings, grow weakened, and may die altogether.

Before planting cloves, it is worth to shed future beds for reliability with a weak solution of potassium permanganate, 1% solution of copper sulfate or Fitosporin in accordance with the instructions.

• Preliminarily, the necessary fertilizer is applied to the soil for planting - organic or mineral.

Fertilizing the soil for planting garlic

1. Organic fertilizer: per 1 m² - 1 bucket of rotted manure or compost, 1 cup of chalk and 1-2 cups of ash.
2. In the absence of organic matter, it will be replaced by mineral fertilizers: for 1 m² - 20-30 g of superphosphate and the same amount of potassium sulfate or potassium nitrate.
3. With completely depleted soils, the joint application of these fertilizers is allowed. To the above organic composition add 2 more tbsp. l. potassium sulfate and 1 tbsp. superphosphate.

Crop rotation for planting garlic

Garlic will not give a high quality crop if planted in the garden after potatoes and all onion crops, because. they are damaged by the same diseases (nematode, fusarium).

Excellent predecessors for garlic:

• tomatoes,
• legumes,
• early cabbage,
• pumpkin,
• zucchini,
• cucumbers.

Preparing winter garlic for planting

The heads of winter garlic have fairly large cloves. It is believed that the larger the planted clove, the larger the garlic will grow from it.

• Before disembarkation, each clove is carefully separated from the mother's head without damaging the outer shell.
• Then they are all sorted, the best ones are selected.
• The largest, healthy, intact teeth in a good dense shell are selected as planting material.
• An accidentally infected specimen can form a weak, unhealthy head, and often infect the entire garden.

Disinfection of garlic

Before planting, soak the prepared teeth in any disinfectant solution:

1. for 30 minutes in manganese, copper sulfate, and in Fitosporin, Fundazol or in the Maxim preparation according to the instructions.
2. Many summer residents do the old fashioned way: they use a salt solution (2 tablespoons per liter of water).

Should I remove the outer shell of the garlic before planting?

There is no unanimous opinion here.

• Someone regularly peels the cloves, claiming that this contributes to accelerated germination roots.
• Others, including myself, believe that this is not worth doing. Experience has shown that cleaned teeth soon begin to rot.

Planting depth of winter garlic

There is also no unanimous opinion on this issue. It depends on the severity of the winter season.

• Some try not to deepen, planting to a depth of 3-5 cm. But this, I think, is more suitable for southern regions with warmer snowy winters.
• In more harsh conditions, incl. and in the Khabarovsk Territory, cold winters with little snow require a deeper planting to protect the teeth from freezing.
• Sometimes, to determine the depth of planting, the height of the clove + 5 cm is used.
• You can adhere to the classical calculation of this value: the planting depth is equal to the height of the garlic clove multiplied by 3. For example, the height of the clove is 3 cm, then you need to deepen it no less than 9 cm.

Landing pattern

1. The best for garlic are the beds located from north to south, about 1 m wide and 25 cm high.
2. The prepared planting material is planted in parallel rows (a stretched rope will help to make even rows) after 25 cm and a frequency of teeth in a row of up to 10-12 cm.
3. Many gardeners prefer to plant garlic one by one, pointwise, sticking each clove separately into the prepared holes. This should be done very carefully, trying not to damage the delicate bottom.

Care after landing

• If the ash was not applied with general fertilizer, then it is quite possible to pour it into rows or holes. From above, it remains only to fill the plantings with fertile loose soil.
• If pre-planting soil disinfection has not been done, then now is the time to shed potassium permanganate or Fitosporin.
• If the autumn days were dry, then 1-2 waterings should be carried out for better rooting.

Shelter plantings of winter garlic

• In areas with harsh climate necessary condition preservation of garlic is mulching.
• It is carried out immediately after the onset of stable frosts.
• For mulching, sawdust, coniferous branches, straw are used.
• From above it will not be superfluous to cover with roofing felt, film or other covering materials.

Immediately after the onset of positive temperatures in spring, the shelter must be removed, and the mulch can be left, unless it is too high. There are even ways to grow garlic in mulch.

spring care

The first step after the snow melts is to free the beds from covering materials.

• As soon as the first seedlings come out to the surface, loosening should be carried out in order to destroy the soil crust and give air access to the roots.
• Since the seedlings are still rather weak, feed them nitrogen fertilizers must be in liquid form.
• One tablespoon of urea dissolved in a bucket of water will be quite sufficient. Pour 1/3 of a bucket for every square meter.
• Humate works great in such a solution, contributing to the development of the root system.

Further care will consist in the usual field techniques, similar for all horticultural crops: weeding, loosening and top dressing. They are recommended to be done 2-3 with a break of 2 weeks.

1. 1st top dressing in the phase of 3-4 leaves: complete mineral fertilizer with the addition of a tablespoon of urea. One bucket pours out on 3 sq.m.
2. 2nd top dressing: The same composition, increasing the consumption. One bucket per 2 sq.
3. 3rd top dressing: dilute in a bucket of water a tablespoon of superphosphate and potassium sulfate. This amount is enough for 2 square meters.

Before fertilizing plantings, without fail should be irrigated with plain water. Garlic is a moisture-loving crop. Therefore, each watering will be only for the good.

Do not apply fresh manure to the garlic beds. It can cause the formation of loose heads.

Garlic - very useful product. Daily use of cloves in a small amount can have a beneficial effect on increasing the protective functions of the body. Therefore, most gardeners are happy to plant it in their beds. To learn how to choose the right winter garlic for planting, prepare a garden bed and plant it in the fall before winter, read this article.

Which garlic is better to plant: winter in autumn or spring in spring

Garlic according to its characteristics is classified into spring and winter. The differences in them are that the first is planted in the spring, and the second - in the fall before winter.

However, for example, spring garlic is more often planted because of the possibility of its more long-term storage, but winter is by no means inferior to its competitor, having the following advantages:

1. In the spring there are many different worries, and in the fall there is much more time.. The timing of planting winter garlic in the fall is not strictly fixed, therefore landing work can be extended over a long period.
2. Winter garlic is not afraid of either the first frost or a fierce winter., not to mention the return of spring temperature drops. While the tender leaves of spring garlic in the spring can be ruined by a sharp drop in temperature.
3. Planting material in the autumn months boasts larger sizes than spring specimens. The larger the planting material, the larger in the end you will get a crop (the relationship is direct). While spring seedlings often dry out by the time of sowing.
4. Winter species are immune to neither diseases nor pests., which cannot be said about spring specimens.
5. Planting garlic before winter does not require special care. The soil in the autumn period is saturated with a sufficient amount of moisture, which allows you to overwinter well in the cold months.
6. Harvesting is done earlier than during spring planting. Which suggests that in the summer months only representatives of winter varieties are present on store shelves.
7. Planting in autumn gives more yield than spring rooting.

By the way! You can see how winter garlic differs from spring garlic in the picture below.

Thus, planting garlic in the fall before winter is considered a very profitable business, bringing bountiful harvest. However, in order for everything to work out, you need to know the timing of the start of planting work.

Video: which garlic is better - spring or winter

https://youtu.be/-_W7hqYAUWY

When to plant garlic in the fall - in what month: optimal timing

The timing of planting garlic in the fall directly depends on the characteristics of the climatic zone in which you live and are going to plant cloves, as well as on current weather conditions.

As a rule, winter garlic begins to be planted 2-3 weeks before frost, so that during this time it has time to take root.

In garlic for this period only the root system should develop but no way non-aerial green mass.

Optimum temperature soil for planting garlic - + 10-12 degrees, but lower is allowed, but it is impossible to plant in frozen ground.

If we allocate planting periods by region, then the following dates for planting garlic in the fall are recommended:

1. middle lane(Moscow region) - the end of September - the first half of October.
2. Southern regions - the end of October-November.
3. Northern regions (Siberia, Urals) - the second half of September, the deadline is the first half of October.

Interesting! Each gardener is guided by his own observations. Some, for example, are sure that the most best garlic it turns out if he is landed before the Feast of the Intercession. Others, on the contrary, try to plant on sunny days after the holiday.

Thus, garlic should be planted in the fall and, above all, guided by the weather.

Video: when and how to plant garlic before winter

How to plant winter garlic in the fall - features and step by step instructions

To get a crop consisting of large, whole and even cloves, you must first decide on a place for planting, prepare a bed, soil for planting cloves, choose good planting material and properly prepare and process winter garlic itself for planting.

Landing place

The place where winter garlic will be planted is selected in advance. Culture is a plant that loves sunlight very much. Therefore, it must be planted in open areas, not shaded, for example, by fruit trees.

An excellent place for planting garlic is a small mound or a raised bed (for example, a warm bed). If it is placed in a lowland, then during the spring snowmelt, the plantings will be flooded, and the seedlings may rot because of this.

The best predecessors for planting winter garlic: crop rotation rules

Note! Naturally, if you want to get a rich harvest of winter garlic, then you need to plant it, like any vegetables, according to the rules of crop rotation. About, after what crops is it better to plant winter garlic, read .

Preparing beds and soil for planting winter garlic

The preparation of the beds where winter garlic will be planted, they begin to deal with about a month before the start of planting.

Interesting! A bed for winter garlic is made in advance so that the soil in it settles a little.

As for the location in the garden, then, as already mentioned earlier, optimally place the bed in a sunny place from north to south.

Further on the planned site you need dig the soil to a depth of about 20-30 cm (shovel bayonet), while removing all weeds and other debris, and then apply fertilizer under digging to improve soil fertility.

The soil for growing winter garlic requires loose, soft, filled nutrients. A spicy vegetable loves a soil that is perfectly permeable to air and water, and most importantly, has a neutral acidity level (pH).

You should not choose a place where the soil is clay, dense or overly acidic. Sandy substrates will work, but large heads require heavy watering and frequent fertilization.

By the way! If the soil is excessively clayey, then you can make it looser by adding peat and sand.

To prepare the soil for planting garlic before winter, organic and / or mineral fertilizers should be applied to it.

If you are a supporter of organic farming, then digging should be done the following fertilizers:

• compost or rotted manure (1 bucket per 1 sq. meter);
• wood ash (1-2 cups per 1 sq. meter).

By the way! Ash can be poured into a hole or groove right before planting.

Video: planting garlic in the fall before winter and fertilizing the moon with ash

If you allow the use mineral fertilizers then enter:

• superphosphate (20-30 grams per 1 sq. meter);
• potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate (20-30 grams per 1 sq. meter).

By the way! As an enhanced measure, you can mix organic and mineral fertilizers.

After digging and applying the necessary fertilizers to the soil, the bed is well leveled and left until autumn planting.

Advice! Some gardeners advise additionally protecting and disinfecting the soil by spilling it with a 1% solution of copper sulphate, or. But, in principle, this can be done after landing.

How to choose the right seedlings

Teeth need to choose the most large sizes of the most correct heads, and it is desirable that each have no more than 5-6 pieces. If you choose small cloves, then the garlic will turn out to be very small volumes.

Important! There should be no rot or mold on the cloves. It is worth carefully inspecting the surface for the presence of spots of an unnatural structure. You can not take cloves for rooting with mechanical damage.

All cloves suitable for planting must be fully "dressed" in the shell, with no visible flaws.

Important! Garlic should be divided into cloves immediately before planting (before soaking).

Processing and preparing garlic for planting

Before planting garlic cloves in the fall open ground, they should be pre-prepared for landing:

1. Each clove is carefully separated from the others so as not to damage the outer shell and the root growth site (bottom). Some gardeners recommend lightly cleaning the bottom (from cork raids) so that it takes root better, but this must be done very carefully so as not to accidentally remove the scales and expose the clove.
2. Next, all the cloves must be carefully sorted. You should get rid of all the spoiled ones. If you plant such garlic, it will not only not give a normal head, but it can infect the entire garden.

1. You can soak the cloves in the Maxim solution (according to the instructions) for 20-30 minutes.
2. To be sure to pickle and disinfect the garlic, it is soaked in a solution of "Fundazol" (according to the instructions).
3. A pink solution of potassium permanganate is also suitable. Again, 20-30 minutes.
4. For soaking, you can also use a 1% solution of copper sulfate (10 grams per 1 liter). For all the same up to half an hour.
5. Many summer residents recommend holding the cloves in the solution (according to the instructions) for 5-10 minutes.
6. By old tradition, quite often, the cloves are soaked in a saline solution (2 tablespoons per 1 liter of water), keeping for half an hour.

Advice! What is the best way to process garlic cloves is decided by each gardener on his own. For fun, you can try soaking several batches of cloves in different solutions and planting them in separate rows to experiment.

Video: proper preparation (processing, soaking) of winter garlic for autumn planting

Direct landing and its rules

Basic rules for planting winter garlic:

By the way! Many people like plant garlic not in grooves, in separate holes, in other words, plant in spots. Moreover, it is convenient to make such pits with special devices, or with the neck of a bottle (as on cover photo articles).

Important! If the teeth are placed too high to the surface, they may be subject to freezing. If, on the contrary, it is too deep, then they will germinate for too long or completely rot.

Video: master class on planting garlic in the fall

https://youtu.be/4dWCm7PFCaY

Step-by-step instruction planting garlic in the fall before winter:

1. Decide on a place to plant, while taking into account the rules of crop rotation.
2. Prepare the garden and soil.
3. Select high-quality planting material, process (soak) it in a disinfectant solution.
4. Cut grooves or holes.
5. Plant cloves in accordance with the rules.
6. Cover with fertile soil.
7. If desired, for additional disinfection of the soil, it can be spilled with a solution (according to the instructions).
8. Mulch (if you have a cold and harsh climate in autumn).

Video: proper fit garlic in autumn before winter

Care for winter garlic after planting

If your winters are very cold, then with the onset of frost, the garden bed is mulched sawdust, or lay with pine branches or straw, you can even cover with spunbond. But in the spring, all the shelter will need to be removed during the first warm days, but the mulch can be left (some people specially grow garlic in the mulch).

Video: planting and mulching garlic in the fall

If the autumn is dry, there is little rainfall, then it is recommended to shed the beds a couple of times so that the rooting process goes faster.

Naturally, the main care falls on spring time. Some time after the snow masses come down, the first green sprouts should already be visible. Watering is not yet required, because after the snow melts, the soil is saturated with a sufficient amount of moisture.

When to harvest winter garlic and how to store it (ways)

Possible mistakes when planting garlic in the fall and when growing it

No matter how experienced the gardener is, he still often makes offensive mistakes that could not be made if you know exactly what you should pay special attention to.

The following mistakes are distinguished, which are often made when planting garlic in the fall before winter:

1. When buying planting material, the sellers themselves names are often confused or even mixed together. Therefore, it is possible to buy in the fall not the garlic that is required. So, either use your own planting material, or carefully and carefully watch what you buy.
2. Planted without shell. Garlic, like a fish, dies without scales. Many gardeners believe that the shell must be removed. They are of the opinion that the scales (or poorly removed old crust) prevent roots from germinating. However, in the absence of a shell, the clove soon begins to actively rot.
3. Planting is done immediately after the bed has been dug up and prepared. Firstly, when you make mineral and organic additives for digging, they need time to saturate the soil with nutrients. Secondly, the cloves planted during this period, after the earth sags, will surely dig into the ground excessively deep, which will negatively affect their germination and further growth.
4. Planted out too early. If you plant early enough - as early as August, then warm weather will provoke the active growth of green shoots. And they will die during the onset of cold weather, which will lead to a weakening of the planting material.
5. Arrows are not removed in spring. Of course, the final size of the garlic depends on the bulb head, but if you leave the arrow that he released in the spring, then all the force of the head will go to the formation of bulbs. Therefore, the arrows should be broken off during the period of their formation.

Video: tricks of planting garlic before winter

Thus, it is better to plant winter garlic in the autumn period, since during the winter it undergoes a natural stratification that allows the plant to harden into natural conditions and accumulate mass. And then the main thing is to do everything (preparing the beds and soil, processing and planting the cloves themselves) on time and correctly.

Video: how to plant garlic before winter

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