Is it possible to plant a radish in July. Radish planting and care in the open field in August. During autumn sowing

Radishes are quite cold-resistant culture. It withstands frosts down to -2 0C. The optimum temperature for growth is +18 0C. Consider all possible options for sowing.

AT open ground radishes begin to be sown from the end of April - the beginning of May. So that the vegetable is always on your table, sow the seeds in parts with an interval of 10-20 days. Radishes can be sown virtually all summer, with the exception of June. Why? Now let's find out. Video about growing radishes

June has the longest days. The optimal length of daylight hours for the normal development of root crops is 8-10 hours. If the length of the day increases to 14 hours, the plant begins to move from development to reproduction. The radish will go to the arrow, will not give root crops or they will be very small and tough.

Early varieties mature before the long days. Sowing late-ripening varieties does not make sense. They do not have time to gain mass and go to the arrow. To get a decent harvest, you need to choose the right variety that will not fade in color from the summer heat, or provide shading at the planting site. If it is impossible to create such conditions on the site, then it is better to continue growing radishes in mid-July - September, when daylight hours begin to wane. In this case, the radish does not shoot, the fruits grow large and tasty. You can still sow radishes before winter, but we will talk about a little later.

photo of a radish

So, we decided on the sowing dates. Now we will decide which varieties we will sow. In the spring, early radishes are sown Early red and 18 days>. There are many varieties that are designed specifically for summer sowing. They will take longer to grow but produce larger root crops such as Octave, Red Giant and Red Giant. Already in early September, you will receive the first juicy fruits. Some late-ripening varieties, such as the Red Giant, can be stored in the cellar for up to 2 months.

The most popular varieties:

• 18 days - an ultra-early early ripening variety forms an elongated cylindrical root crop weighing up to 17 g with a pink upper part and a white tail. White, dense pulp has a slightly spicy taste.
• Zhara is an early ripe variety that ripens on the 18-20th day from germination. A rounded red-raspberry root crop with a slightly sharp taste has a juicy tender pulp.
• French breakfast is an early variety, ripening in 21-23 days. Red-crimson tubular roots with a white tip. Delicate dense pulp of slightly sharp taste.
• Carmen - an early variety forms a rounded red fruit with a slightly sharp taste in 20 days.

A photo of a radish

• Cardinal is a mid-early hybrid that forms a rounded red root crop in 25 days. The variety is resistant to flowering.
• Red giant - mid-season variety for long-term storage. Carmine-red root crops are formed up to 3-40 days and reach a mass of up to 150 g. The ripening period is 30-40 days. White-pink dense pulp pleasant to the taste.
• Octave< – среднеспелый сорт. Белый округлый корнеплод с нежной мякотью без пустот с маслянистым привкусом.
• The red giant is a late-ripening variety for long-term storage. Pink-red large, elongated-cylindrical root crops reach a mass of up to 300 g. White juicy pulp has a pleasant sweet-spicy taste.

Many gardeners are concerned about the question, is it true that radishes will sing for 18 days during the time stated in the title? Experience shows that the radish of this variety can be harvested on the 23-25th day from germination. The plant forms a root crop in 18 days under certain weather conditions and temperatures.

All white-tipped radishes, such as 18 days, French Breakfast, should not be kept in the ground, waiting for the roots to gain a lot of mass. Fruits further tend to hollowness.

At proper cultivation radish when cut crunches and splashes with juice. Pulp without fibers and voids.

Pictured is a radish

• Method number 1

What kind of soil is needed for sowing? Radishes prefer loose, moist soils. Before you grow radishes, you need to prepare the site: dig, add rotted manure, break up clods, level the soil. It is important to remember that the plant does not tolerate fresh manure. In no case should you fertilize the land freshly. It is better to prepare a bed for early radishes in the fall. 1 bucket of rotted manure per 1 m2 is applied to the soil.

We shed the earth well before sowing and make shallow rows. With deep embedding of seeds, the root crop changes shape. The optimal planting depth is 1 cm. Radish seeds are sown at a distance of 5 cm from each other, laid out individually. The beds are made one after another at a distance of 10 cm or more. After the seeds have been spread, close the bed and press it firmly with the palm of your hand so that the soil is more in contact with the seeds. So they will grow faster. Under good weather conditions, seedlings appear in 3-4 days. So that the radish sown in April grows good and juicy, From 5 pm until morning, cover the crops with a film.

In the photo, preparing a place for planting radishes

• Method number 2

How to grow radishes when places are on personal plot very little? For limited areas, the use of a special marker gives good results.

On the board, teeth are made to a depth of 1 cm according to the 5x5 pattern. Thus, 400 seeds are placed per 1 m2. It turns out a continuous sowing, not in rows. The radish grows one by one. The soil before sowing should be moist, uniform and without lumps. If the area is skewed, then the teeth will not leave prints.

We put the marker on the soil and walk on it, pressing it into the ground. The marker leaves holes. We beat off the land that has stuck to it. Even holes are formed in which we lay out the seeds, cover with earth and press with the palm of our hand. With such sowing, up to 5 kg of crop can be obtained from 1 m2.

Photo of a seeder for sowing radishes

• Method number 3 (winter sowing)

When sowing radishes before winter, choose a flat area with light sandy or sandy loamy soils with a slope to the south or southeast. The site should not be flooded with spring waters. Rows are cut in the second half of October. With the onset of stable frosts, sowing with dry seeds begins. The best time is from 5 to 20 November. Seeds are covered with peat or humus.

• Method number 4 (winter sowing)

Winter sowing in December-February directly into frozen soil ensures early emergence of seedlings and a harvest 2 weeks earlier than in spring. Ridges are prepared in October. Grooves are cut with a depth of 4-5 cm. In winter, snow is removed from the ridges, seeds are laid out and covered with compost or peat to a depth of 2 cm.

Crop care

Proper cultivation of radishes requires compliance with certain rules. After sowing, the radish is watered every day. A dry top layer of soil is death for young seedlings. You also need to regularly weed and loosen the earth. To facilitate care, mulch is placed on moist soil with a layer of up to 2 cm. Humus or peat is taken as mulch. Remove weeds regularly.

Radish is very hygrophilous. Optimal Humidity soil should be 80%. This is a lot, so the plant must be watered often. With rare watering, root crops become bitter. With insufficient humidity and elevated temperature, the plant goes into the arrow, flowering appears. As a result, radishes do not form roots. With uneven soil moisture, the fruits crack. Video about growing and caring for radishes

If the seedlings are thick, then it is necessary to thin them out, leaving one sprout per 5 cm. But, it is advisable to immediately sow the seeds at a certain distance from each other, since the delicate roots of neighboring plants are damaged during thinning.

Harvesting is carried out as it ripens. If the size of the root crop has reached normal sizes, carefully pull it out and serve it to the table.

orchardo.ru

How to Grow Radishes - Big Harvest Tricks!

Greetings to all readers!

Let's talk today how to grow radishes on your site with the most different ways. The radish is one of the very first and earliest to appear on our table in the spring, but still, sometimes you want to hurry up nature and try the first juicy roots even earlier. For this you can:

• plant a radish on a windowsill
• sow on a warm bed under cover, as soon as the snow melts,
• continue sowing on a regular bed at several times,
• and again closer to autumn, in August, take the beds with radishes.

Thus, the whole season you can enjoy delicate radishes, taking a break in the middle of summer, when everything will be full, and in the fall, add radishes to the table again. Let's talk more about

Growing radishes

Radish is a short day plant. He does not need a long sunny day and a lot of additional light, when grown at home. The plant is very cold-resistant and begins to bloom from the heat. So radishes can be successfully grown at home, if yours is not very hot, and in early greenhouses. Moreover, he gives the crop quickly and frees up space for the main crop.

Radishes in a box on the windowsill

Growing radishes on a windowsill

For homemade radishes, deeper containers are needed so that the root has a place to “turn around”. Well, at least 15 cm tall. We fill them with soil, leaving 3 cm to the edge. Press it down a lot, water it and arrange one seed in rows, retreating about 6 centimeters between them. And leave 3 cm near the seeds. Cover with a layer of earth 1 cm on top.

water again warm water and cover with foil. The seeds will sprout in three days, then rearrange them on a bright, cool windowsill and let them grow.

Care is regular watering. Radishes love water! It is necessary to ensure that the earth does not dry out in the boxes. If the air in the apartment is very dry, then you need to spray the leaves with water. In March, during the day, the “mini-garden” can be taken out to the glazed balcony. And as the temperature at night will be positive, then you can leave it completely on the balcony. Since the radish is hot in the apartment.

In radish, not only the "roots" are edible and useful, but also the leaves. And if in the summer we no longer pay attention to them, having had enough of various greenery. That winter harvest on the window can be completely eaten in a salad - both “tops” and “roots”. Now these vitamins are very valuable.

Delicious radish!

How to grow early radishes indoors

Radish loves sunny and bright places, then the roots will turn out delicious and juicy. Long big tops and bad roots grow in the shade. Lighting he loves strong, but no longer than 12-13 hours. Otherwise, the plant produces flower stalks and the root becomes rigid.

With a long day in May, June, July, plants should be shaded with black covering material from eight in the evening to eight in the morning.

Desirable for early landing prepare beds in the fall. So that in the spring, as the snow melts, it was already possible to sow the seeds. The earth is loosened with the addition of humus and ash.

Fresh manure for root crops is not brought in!

If the bed is not ready, then as soon as the weather allows you to go into the garden, we quickly prepare the ground. In early-mid April in the Urals, it is already possible to start sowing. Read more about preparing seeds for sowing here, and about accelerating germination here.

Seeds are arranged in rows or ribbons. Row spacing is 15 cm, and between seeds is 5-7 cm. Sowing is carried out to a depth of 1.5 cm, seeds cannot be buried deeper, up to 50% of the crop is lost.

Then pour everything with warm water and put small arcs. Cover with foil or covering material. After germination, close according to the weather, if the weather is warm, then you can completely open the bed.

For comfortable growth from seedlings to the formation of root crops, radishes need a temperature of + 10 + 12 ◦ C, and then + 16-18 ◦ C. Small frosts are not terrible for plants, seedlings can withstand up to -4◦С, and adult plants up to -6◦С.

According to folk signs: "The lilac blossomed, the primrose blossomed - you can sow radishes."

Radishes need constant watering. A big break in watering and the plant can go to the arrow. In order not to constantly loosen the soil, mulch it with hay, grass.

With the advent of seedlings, watch for the appearance of the cruciferous flea - these are the main pests of all cruciferous plants. From their invasions, seedlings can be pollinated with ash, tobacco, and red pepper. Also, fleas are afraid of watering by sprinkling. You can simply not remove the covering material until the seedlings get stronger.

We remove the radishes as they are ready, in several stages. As the root crops grow up to 2 cm. You should not wait for huge sizes, you will get an overgrown, tasteless root crop.

Attention! Long-term low temperatures (below +9◦С) or constant sharp fluctuations after germination adversely affect the growth of radish, it blooms quickly. Therefore, when sowing, look at the air temperature and the weather forecast!

Radish varieties

Alba – medium grade(25-35 days). The fruits are white, 3.4 cm in diameter, weighing up to 50 g, the flesh is white. The variety is productive, resistant to flowering.

Heat- a popular early variety (from shoots to harvest 20-30 days). Fruits - dark crimson flowers, up to 5 cm long, weight up to 27 g. Harvest. Moderately resistant to bloom.

Ruby- early ripe variety (29-31 days before harvest). The fruits are red-crimson, up to 4.2 cm long, weighing up to 28 g. Productive, not very resistant to flowering.

french breakfast- early variety (21-24 days before the first harvest). The fruits are elongated, red with a white tip, weighing up to 20 grams, juicy. Resistant to arrows.

Red giant- medium grade (from germination to harvest 28-37 days). The fruits are large, elongated up to 13 cm, weighing up to 80 g. The pulp is white, juicy. Well stored, suitable for autumn planting. The variety tolerates drought and cold well, resistant to flowering, diseases.

Growing radishes in autumn

Usually, radishes are not sown during the hottest summer months, so they bloom quickly. But since August, you can again sow radishes on the beds freed from onions and garlic. In autumn, it will be poured with rain, and cruciferous fleas will no longer annoy young shoots.

The Red Giant variety is well suited for autumn planting. Harvest the entire crop at once, trying to do it before frost. The tops are cut and stored in the cellar, like other root crops. It can be covered with sand for greater safety.

Now you know how to plant a radish on the windowsill and how to get it early harvest in the garden. In the next article, read about growing radishes in a greenhouse.

belochka77.ru

Radishes (Raphanus sativus) - cultivation agrotechnics, protection against pests and diseases. Radishes in spring, summer and autumn

What is needed to obtain a guaranteed harvest of tasty and healthy radish roots

Many summer residents grow radishes and quite successfully. But there are also losers who, having tried to grow radishes several times, but not having achieved results, stop cultivating it, referring to the fact that this is a vegetable crop of a short day, and in the conditions of Karelia, with a long daylight day, a good harvest cannot be obtained.

Yes, radish is a short-day crop, but with proper agricultural technology, taking into account all the features of the cultivation of this crop, you can get an excellent harvest both in our area and in other areas of the North-West region. Radish is the earliest vegetable crop, because it is very cold-resistant (can withstand temperatures down to 0°C and below). Based on this, sowing seeds can be carried out very early, as soon as the soil is ready.

Although radish is a cold-resistant crop, the optimum temperature for seed germination and further vegetation of plants is 18...20°C. At this temperature, seedlings appear on the 4-6th day. Radishes are demanding on the soil, both in terms of structure and fertility. Loose, moist, fertile soils of neutral or slightly acidic reaction are taken under it. Before sowing seeds, 8-10 kg of compost or humus and 40-50 g of complex mineral fertilizers per 1 m² are applied to the soil. During the period of formation of root crops, it is necessary to water the crops abundantly. With weak growth, plants are fed with complex mineral fertilizer at the rate of 30-50 g ha 10 l of water, using this solution for 2 m?. With potassium starvation, radish leaves look normal, but the root crop does not form (wood ash can help out here). With nitrogen starvation, radishes practically do not form either tops or root crops. A pinkish color appears on the leaves. Top dressing with nitrogen fertilizers is needed at a time when the radish unfolds the cotyledon leaves.

To achieve optimal temperatures for radish cultivation, it is necessary to use a covering material (polyethylene film, non-woven covering material). At low temperatures (below 12°C), many varieties of radishes do not form root crops. Root crops are not formed even with thickened crops (the recommended distance between the lines is 15-20 cm, the seeding depth is 1-2 cm, the seed consumption rate is 2-3 g per 1 m?).

As a very early ripening crop, radish can be removed from the ridges in greenhouses intended for growing tomatoes and cucumbers. It is sown there before the planting of the main crops and in initial period their vegetation.

Recently, many varieties of radishes have appeared, in seed stores your eyes run straight, and you don’t know what to give preference to. In order not to be left without a crop, it is necessary to sow the varieties that you have sown before and gave you good yields, and sow new varieties carefully, one or two per season, testing them, because many of them, alas, do not confirm the advertised characteristics.

During spring sowings, in the conditions of Karelia, I grow radishes of the following varieties: French breakfast, 18 days, Heat. Faith. These are early maturing varieties. From sowing to the removable ripeness of root crops, 23-28 days pass. In the varieties Zhara, Vera, the roots are round, small, up to 2 cm in diameter, while in the varieties 18 days and French Breakfast, they are elongated. The pulp is tender, slightly spicy taste.

In the summer-autumn culture, I prefer to grow radishes of the Red Giant variety, which belongs to late varieties, its vegetation period is up to 50-60 days. Root crops of crimson-red color, conical shape, 10-12 cm long and 1.5-2 cm in diameter. In addition to these remarkable characteristics of the root crops of this variety, it is necessary to note their amazing keeping quality (they retain commercial properties until January when stored in plastic bags at a temperature of 1-3°C). To grow roots for winter storage, I sow seeds in the third decade of July, and harvest them before frost.

Last season, in the third decade of July, I sowed radishes of the Vera and Saksa varieties and also made the right decision. August was cool and rainy. Under such weather conditions, the harvest of radish turned out to be a success. Root crops were almost the size of a turnip - up to 8 cm in diameter. At the same time, I did not apply any special agrotechnical methods.

Pest protection

In the heat, damage to plants is caused cruciferous fleas . To scare them away, you can use wood ash mixed in equal parts with tobacco dust or lime. You can also spray the plants with infusion of ash (1 cup in the evening, pour 9 liters of water, mix and let stand until morning).

eat radishes and cabbage fly. Its larvae drill into the root crop and grind it through. The mass emergence of the spring cabbage fly and the laying of eggs coincide with the cherry blossoms. As soon as you notice the pest, pollinate or spray the ground around the plant, as in the fight against fleas.

Disease protection

Radishes cannot be sown after cabbage in open ground, as well as in a greenhouse after growing cabbage seedlings there, as they have common diseases. Radishes can get damaged "black leg", clubroot, slimy bacteriosis, downy mildew (peronosporosis).

When affected by mucous bacteriosis, the root crop becomes slimy and decomposes, emitting an unpleasant characteristic odor. The root tissue is very delicate, so this process is much faster than that of cabbage. The varieties of radish Mokhovsky, Rose-red with a white tip, Variant and Teplichny Gribovsky are relatively resistant to mucous bacteriosis.

In film greenhouses, when sowing radishes after cabbage seedlings, root crops can be affected by powdery mildew. Its signs - on the roots above the soil at the base of the rosette of leaves, as well as on the parts that are in the ground, there are dark gray or almost black spots with somewhat blurry edges. On their surface, a light coating is clearly visible - sporulation of the pathogen.

Later, the spots merge and occupy most of the root crop, then corking and cracking of the affected tissue occurs. On the cut of the root crop, dark brown spots in the form of strands are visible. The taste of diseased root crops deteriorates sharply.

Relatively resistant to this disease variety Saks radish. The source of infection for all of the above diseases is the soil on which cabbage and other crops of the cabbage family, radish, daikon, turnip were grown.

So, to get root crops, not flowers, you need:

• observe agricultural practices (preparation of fertile, loose, moisture-intensive soil, sowing at the earliest possible time, the use of covering material to create the optimal temperature for plant growth and development);
• do not thicken the crops (make grooves at a distance of 15-20 cm, place the seeds in a row no closer than 3 cm). 5 days after germination, thinning is carried out. Without pity, weak, twisted plants are removed, leaving 5-6 cm between them;
• prevent dryness of the soil (in the heat, water every evening, spending 5-6 liters per 1 m?);
• apply zoned varieties (early ripening is desirable in spring).

Viktor Felk, amateur gardener, Petrozavodsk

floraprice.ru

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Article from the section: Vegetables, subsection: Garden pests> radishes Varieties of radish, cultivation and pests of radish - Miracle garden Juicy, beautiful, tasty and at the same time early - that's what this vegetable is like. Skillful gardeners use fresh radishes almost all year round. Radish- cold-resistant, develops well at a temperature of 10-12 °, so it is grown in open ground at the end of April. Amateur gardeners cultivate many varieties of radishes. And every year the assortment of vegetables is replenished. I will name the most interesting varieties(according to maturation). Early early ripening radishes grow in 25-30 days from the moment the seeds are sown in the ground until the harvest. And there is a variety in which the readiness for harvesting root crops comes on the 18th day; variety name - Heat. This radish is red, its green is short. Grown in open and protected ground. Zoned in many regions of Russia, Ukraine, Lithuania and Latvia. Another early maturing variety - Dawn. The root crops are round, red, the tops are low, the flesh is white in the cut, and remains strong for a long time. The variety is widely distributed in Udmurtia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan. early ripening radish Radish Early red also early maturing, resistant to shooting. Its taste is good, the vegetable fell in love with gardeners from the Non-Black Earth region. But perhaps the most common of the early maturing varieties radish rose red with a white tip. Its root crops are rounded flat, with white, very juicy pulp. Mid-season varieties of radish grow longer in the beds, of which the variety has a good yield. Alba with an oval white root crop. The taste of root crops is excellent. This radish is cultivated in the Urals. From mid-season varieties, we will also point out varieties Saratov, with a red, round root and Virovskiy white. Both varieties are productive, high taste qualities. Finally, the attention of gardeners is increasingly attracted by medium-late varieties of radish, which occupy beds for 45 days or more. Of these, we will name the variety Zenith, bred by the Primorsk Agricultural Station. It is zoned in the Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories, in Kamchatka and the Amur. Zenith root crop is round, elongated, with a blunt top. Its color is pink, the flesh is white, vitreous. In length, it will not yield to carrots - 15-17 cm. It is stored well. Using different varieties, you can constantly have radishes during the warm season. We just need to remember that the early mid-season varieties give yields on sandy soils, and loams are better suited for autumn late varieties. Radish differs from other vegetable crops in its short growing season and high nutrient uptake, which makes this crop very demanding on soil fertility. Radishes in the middle lane A good predecessor for radishes will be the crops under which they were introduced organic fertilizers(4-5 kg/m2). In this case, almost no mineral fertilizers are applied under the radish. If the predecessor did not receive organic fertilizers, then in this area they are applied in the fall (1.5 - 2.0 kg / m2 of rotted manure or humus). For growing radishes in greenhouses, a mixture of humus or peat with soddy soil (2: 1) is required, to which superphosphate and potassium chloride are added at the rate of 200-300 g per 100 kg of the mixture. In central Russia radishes are sown at the end of April. Shoots appear in 5-7 days (when sown with dry seeds). All radishes need fertile moist soil, they are photophilous. In inappropriate conditions, the vegetable grows elongated, quickly shoots. In drought, its taste deteriorates. Good before sowing check seeds for germination. They are sorted in a 3-5% solution of table salt, while the floating seeds are removed and removed, and those that have settled to the bottom are thoroughly washed with water, since a small amount of salt remaining on them will reduce germination. The seeds are disinfected in water heated to 48-50°C for 20 minutes. After heating, the seeds are cooled for 2-3 minutes in cold water, then dried to flowability. Such processing of seed material is sometimes carried out in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate for 15-20 minutes, followed by washing. For sowing radishes, choose areas that emerge from under the snow the earliest. In order for the seeds to germinate faster, they are soaked in a 0.01% solution of nicotinic acid. Sowing should be carried out with 5-7-line tapes with a distance between them of 40 cm, and a row from a row - 15 cm. Seeds should be planted in the soil to a depth of 1-2 cm. The seeding rate is 2-2.5 g per 1 m2. In the groove, the seed from the seed should be placed at a distance of 0.3-0.5 cm. For faster emergence of seedlings, radish crops are covered with a film. germinated radish seeds radish care consists of weeding, loosening and thinning of plants in beds. Watering should be plentiful, then the crops will not shoot. During the growth period, radishes are fed with mineral fertilizers (applied during irrigation). Vegetables are harvested selectively, as needed. Subsequent harvests of radishes can be obtained until the second half of October, in this case last time it is sown in early August. Summer crops of radish give a root crop of low quality, therefore, in June-July, radish is replaced by sowing summer radish Odessa 5. It has a delicate pulp of a pleasant taste. Radishes will be healthy and clean if your site is free of weeds. After all, it is on it that most harmful insects and pathogens are stored. It is also necessary to monitor the change of crops on the site. To warn cruciferous flea damage on radishes, they try to sow it at an earlier date. Dry and hot weather contributes to the harmfulness of fleas. Fleas lay their eggs on radish crops. Soon, larvae hatch from the eggs, which feed on small roots, seemingly without causing any noticeable harm to the plant. But, of course, there is, and a lot of it. The larvae pupate in the soil. At the end of July, a new generation of fleas appears. In wet years in the southern regions, crops can be severely damaged even in the summer. The harmfulness of cruciferous fleas is reduced if the plants are fed with slurry. Of the proven home remedies for combating this scourge, we point out the dusting of radishes with tobacco dust and stove ash. This technique is repeated 2-3 times in 4-5 days. cabbage fly Another pest - spring cabbage fly causing great harm to radishes. The larvae of the fly penetrate into the root of the radish, penetrating it with passages. Flying time depends on weather conditions. An accompanying sign in the Moscow region is the flowering of birch, in the Leningrad region - cherry blossoms. Both of these phenological phenomena almost coincide in terms of time - they occur in the first days of May. Kiln ash is also used against spring flies - root crops are powdered with it. Gardeners also complain about such a pest as cruciferous bug. This brightly colored insect is dotted with spots and dashes. Cruciferous bugs wake up early after hibernation. From the bugs that suck the juice from the leaves, the plants turn yellow, wither, and sometimes die completely. Young plants are especially susceptible to damage. At the place where the bug made the injection, a bright spot appears, around which the plant tissue gradually dies off, forming a hole not correct form. From bedbugs, radishes are sprayed with an infusion of dope or henbane. For this, 500 g of dried flowering stems or leaves alone are infused for 12 hours in 10 liters of water. Before spraying, add another 30-40 g of soap, so the drug sticks better. Let's also mention rapeseed sawfly. The insect is distributed over almost the entire territory of the country, hibernates in the soil in the larval or pupal phase, hidden inside a dense cocoon, covered with soil particles on the outside. This hiding place makes it difficult to detect the pest. Departure of adult sawflies takes place in May-June. The female, using the ovipositor, cuts the skin from the underside of the radish leaf along the veins and lays 1-2 testicles into the incision. After 5-12 days, larvae emerge from the eggs - pseudocaterpillars that feed on leaves, randomly eating them from the edges and from the middle. Caterpillars are very voracious and can completely destroy the leaves without touching their thick veins. They fight the rapeseed sawfly with the help of infusion of black henbane. Why 0.5 kg of dry leaves insist 12 hours in water, then filter the infusion, add water to 10 liters and add 30-40 g of soap. Apply during the appearance of beetles, caterpillars and larvae. O. Smirnova

chudo-ogorod.ru

Radish is a very healthy root vegetable with a sharp taste and a huge amount of substances useful for the body, the benefits of growing which have been approved by many vegetable growers.

Along with excellent taste, radish also has medicinal properties. It is eaten exclusively raw and used in various salads, snacks, and in diet food.

For sale, growing radishes is especially profitable in the autumn or winter periods of the year, when its availability in markets or shops is limited. To get a harvest good quality, it is necessary that the greenhouse conditions correspond to the open ground as much as possible.

Radishes are early ripening root crops, and their fruits are rich in vitamins, fiber and mineral salts, thanks to which many gardeners are interested in them.

It significantly affects the increase in appetite, improves digestion and, having bactericidal substances in its composition, fights harmful microbes.

The mysterious pungent taste of food is given by essential and mustard oils, which are one of the components of the radish.

How to choose a variety for cultivation?

The following varieties more suitable for distribution can be distinguished: Greenhouse Gribovsky, Zarya, Early Red, Rubin. Firstly, they are early maturing with a growing season of 20-22 days, and secondly, they do not give arrows.

They can be grown both outdoors and in greenhouse conditions while getting a high yield.

During cold periods, when radishes are grown in a greenhouse, varieties are preferred that are characterized by a short growing season and accelerated growth of root crops in the absence of normal lighting. These varieties include - Donar, Tarzan, Coral, Debel.

If you use a balcony or window sill for growing radishes, we recommend using the seeds of the Duro, Novired, Lyubava varieties.

For growing radishes, it is necessary to choose the right soil mixtures.

There are four options for preparing mixtures:

Manure humus (60%) and sod land (40%)

Greenhouse-greenhouse land (50%) and sod land (50%)

Manure humus (60%) and field land (40%)

Lowland peat (20%), soddy land (40%) and manure humus (40%).

Starting a business requires the costs of growing radishes.

Starting a radish growing business does not require large expenses. First you need to have a greenhouse, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich will be at least one hundred square meters.

The greenhouse must be appropriately equipped with lighting and heating, and also buy special equipment– hydroponic installations, microclimate management.

After that, we buy planting material, substrate, fertilizers and the necessary equipment. Since you, when starting a business, plan to sell grown radishes, you also need packaging equipment.

Business is subject to registration

If you are growing radishes own site, then in this case there is no need to legally register a business, and besides, taxes are not paid for the goods received. To create a large and serious business, while receiving a rather big income, you will need to register.

By registering as an entrepreneur with the type of activity of the agricultural industry, you will be classified as a single agricultural tax payer, paying it at the place of your registration, regardless of the location of your land.

Producers of agricultural products are highly valued by the state, and in this regard, there is the possibility of profitable lending and the help of officials in solving the problems that have arisen is felt.

Growing radish has its own characteristics

Growing radishes in winter in a greenhouse or in the warm season in open ground takes place in stages:

The first step is seed selection.

In the open field, it is more favorable to grow radishes in the spring or at the very beginning of autumn. In the presence of a greenhouse, cultivation can be practiced all year round, including November, December, February.

When choosing seeds for planting, it is necessary to take into account their properties: for wholesale or in bunches, for open or closed ground, especially take into account the resistance to bolting of radishes.

The second stage includes soil preparation.

Starting planting, you must first prepare the soil by digging it, while removing the roots of weeds, especially perennials. You can use a walk-behind tractor for this.

To avoid damage to the future crop by a bear or a slug, the soil will need special preparations. We level the soil with a rake and apply a layer of humus about 5 centimeters thick, which gives the plants nutrients, and besides, if the soil is loose, then you will get a beautiful and regular-shaped fruit.

On planting seeds, the third stage is formed.

To facilitate the planting of seeds one by one, it is good to purchase a marker with a cell size of 0.66 or 0.67 meters in order to make holes with it. Having planted all the seeds, carefully sweep the humus with a broom.

The fourth stage is watering.

After planting the seeds, it is necessary to moisten the soil. Although radish is a moisture-loving root crop, it is not recommended to water it a lot and often, because root crops are prone to cracking from excessive moisture, which results in the product’s marketable appearance and there is a danger of slugs breeding.

The final fifth stage is harvesting.

After making sure that the heads of root crops have reached a certain size, we harvest. It is very important to harvest on time to prevent the radish from turning into an arrow and cracking the fruit. For a profitable sale, it is best to make two collections per bunch, and the third goes by weight.

Growing radishes in hydroponics

To obtain a high yield in the shortest possible time, while having a small area, you can use hydroponic installations. In the presence of one cassette, with a total area of ​​0.002 weave, it is possible to harvest within 80 kilograms.

With appropriate lighting installed, the growing season is up to two weeks. Using hydroponic installations, the income from this type of business is doubled.

The cassette container has its own needs:

• on the minimum nutrient area for radish, the cassette should be filled with many cells for seeds;
• it is important that the cassette material is environmentally friendly, so that harmful, toxic substances are not released into the solution;
• the width of the rack and cassette must be the same;
• make sure that the cassette material does not react with the solution.

business on the windowsill

A balcony or window sill is very well suited for growing radishes. For this kind of cultivation, it is advisable to use the varieties Lyubava, Novired, Duro, which are not inclined to shoot arrows.

Using a balcony or window sill for cultivation, set up a box, preferably 60 cm square, and fill with an appropriate soil mixture.

Seeds are sown in previously made grooves. Planting radishes on the windowsill is recommended in mid-April, from the 12th to the 15th. To obtain the second and third harvest, sowing is carried out on the 20th of April, and until mid-May, approximately 10.11. During the period when the air temperature rises, growing radishes on the balcony is not recommended.

The radish growing business has some problems.

1. Radish is characterized by low air temperature up to 18 degrees.

2. In the hot season of summer, radishes need special varieties, not prone to shooting.

3. In the summer heat, the cruciferous flea infects the leaves, so plants need insecticide treatment.

4. Getting the desired profit is often an obstacle to competition in the sales market.

Estimated Profit Calculations

To calculate the possible profit, we take as a basis a plot of one hundred square meters.

Depending on what size the fruits grow, one bunch is 12-25 root crops;

For a kilogram of radishes, two or two and a half bunches are needed;

About 125 plants are grown per square meter;

12.5 thousand plants grow on a land plot of 100 square meters. Practically 100% germination should not be expected. Given this, a certain rate becomes from 90 to 95 percent. As a result, we get the production of 11250 plants. You can increase the quantity by reducing the row spacing;

We divide the estimated number of plants by the capacity of the beam (25), in the end we get 40 beams;

We multiply the number of bundles by the price of one (approximately 30 rubles) and we get 13.5 thousand rudders;

To get a net profit from the calculated amount, we subtract the expenses incurred earlier and we get a net profit.

How to sell grown radishes?

For the unimpeded sale of the resulting crop, it is necessary to obtain a GOSTR declaration and a phytosanitary certificate at the sanitary and epidemiological station. The declaration is a confirmation of the conformity of products to documents denoting certain standards.

There is a scheme to get the maximum profit.

Increase the size of the land;

Plant radishes in several periods of 10-15 days, while ensuring the continuous availability of goods;

When choosing a variety, prefer, pay attention to those in which taste qualities predominate. With good products, regular customers appear who pay for the quality of the goods;

When growing radishes, prefer mostly classic varieties. As an experiment, you can try varieties of giant or white radish classified as exotic. In case of demand for these varieties, their number can be increased;

The sale of radishes on holidays has a significant impact on the amount of income;

A good time to sell radishes is winter and summer, when the market is dominated by other vegetables inherent in this season;

Cunning Marketing Tricks

1. Using bright baskets, the product is in the foreground and attracts attention.

2. You need to create conditions so that the consumer has the opportunity to try your product.

3. The buyer must be sure that the products grown by you did not succumb to chemical treatment and exposure.

If you do not plan to sell your products yourself, then you will need to conclude agreements with shops or other outlets on the market. Then you just have to deal with the packaging of your goods.

As a result, you can make sure that running a radish growing business, in general, does not require large expenses and special labor, and the profit is pretty good. With a little effort, you get a very good result.

After reading our article, which outlines the secrets of growing radishes, you are sure to achieve huge success in your business and this business idea will help you build a stable radish growing business.

Free consultations for beginners in my VK group SECRETS OF BUSINESS FOR A BEGINNER.

realybiz.ru

Is it possible to plant radishes in July, June and August all summer long???? Or is it only possible in spring???

Alexey B

Radishes have a very short growing season and as a result can be grown throughout the season. Radish does not tolerate fresh organic matter, dense plantings and lack of moisture.

Radish seeds germinate at a temperature of -1…-2°C.

The optimum temperature for growing radishes is +15-+18°C. Too high temperatures and lack of light lead to the growth of tops to the detriment of the radish root crop, the root crop coarsens.

Seedlings withstand frosts down to -4°C.

Radish seeds are sown in early spring, as soon as the beds thaw to a depth of 4 cm.

To obtain a radish crop throughout the summer, sowing seeds is repeated every 2 weeks. When sowing radish in summer, you need to remember that it ripens faster and the crop can already be harvested 20 days after sowing. The earlier the fruit, the faster it develops, the shorter the period of technical ripeness, many plants shoot at once. In addition, during summer crops, radish seedlings suffer from cruciferous flea. Keeping the soil moist helps to reduce the number of these competitors. After the radishes emerge, they should be dusted with wood ash and tobacco (1:1) or sprayed with a pest control solution that you can prepare yourself, which is less desirable. You can keep radish seedlings under lutrasil.

Radish shoots with a long daylight. You can artificially shorten the length of the day by covering the radish bed with an opaque canopy from seven in the evening to seven in the morning. In August, the length of daylight hours decreases and radish crops do not shoot at all. Other causes of radish bolting: sowing at high temperatures, insufficient watering, thickening of crops.

Joanna Vladimirova

of course it is possible

Alena Ramazanova

Yes, you certainly may

Evgeniy

All summer you can

Richelieu

In the summer he goes to the pillars, the so-called.

Elena Lyakh

Vika! you are a funny girl! well done! Yes, plant when you want!!!—everything will grow in the store until spring!!!

Natali Natali

So many other vegetables in summer!! ! Why do you need a radish in the summer? , she is not tasty - she is hot

peace and quiet

Approximately in the middle - the end of July, you can sow autumn radishes. This is the variety "Red Giant". Growing it in the spring is quite problematic due to the long growing season - 2-3 months. In June, the long daylight hours begin to affect, and the radish does not like this and begins to bloom. The fruit is not formed. But autumn is the time. The soil is warm and will keep warm for a long time. And the radish itself is very stale, it is guaranteed to be stored in the cellar until February and longer! Therefore, in fact, fresh radishes will be on your table all year round.

Ekaterina Kalitina

I myself ask this question .. there is a risk that she will go into color in the summer. .
that you can definitely sow all summer with a week break in 3 parsley, dill. lettuce is still possible, but intensive watering is needed here.

Tatiana Tsivilskaya

There are varieties of radishes that you can plant. , What horrible - it is impossible !!

Oleg Elizarov

Available in July, August and September. In June it is better not to take risks. Of course, you can sow, but knowing the quality of the seeds sold, you cannot hope for a harvest. Root crops will grow small and bitter, and the plants will shoot themselves early.

Galina Russova (Churkina)

the shorter the daylight hours. grows better 4 harvests were taken. in penza i live in murm. light day day. grows the main thing is that there are no prolonged cold weather

Making a profit from growing radishes is easy!

Soil mixtures for growing radishes

In total, 4 options for preparing mixtures: Greenhouse-greenhouse land (50%) and turf land (50%). Sod land (40%) and manure humus (60%). Sod land (40%), manure humus (40%), lowland peat (20%). Manure humus (60%) field land (40%).

Initial Costs of Starting a Radish Growing Business

The business of growing radishes will not require large expenses at the initial stage. To start you, first of all, you will need: 1. Greenhouse with an area of ​​at least 100 square meters; 2.  carrying out communications (lighting and heating); 3. equipment and its installation (microclimate control, hydroponic installations); 4. planting material; 6. packaging equipment (for radishes for sale); 7. Inventory and other costs.

Registration business

Goods from personal backyard farms are not subject to taxes, and legal registration is not required to open them. Such a scheme is not suitable if you are planning to create a serious business. You should register when your efforts begin to bring tangible income. You are registering as an individual entrepreneur in the category of agricultural producers. After that, you will pay a single agricultural tax, regardless of where the business is located - within or outside the city, whether you own or rent land. The state constantly supports agricultural producers, and therefore, you can count on favorable loans and a good attitude of officials towards the problems that arise for you.

Features growing radish

Let us consider step by step how the cultivation of radishes takes place in a greenhouse in winter or open ground in other seasons of the year. 1 Stage - Selection of seeds The most favorable conditions for growing radishes in open ground are in spring or early autumn. If you have a greenhouse, then you can start planting as early as February and September-November. When choosing seeds, pay attention to what the variety is suitable for: bunch products or sales by weight, for closed or open soil. Some seed producers point to radish resistance to bolting. Stage 2 - Soil preparation The soil before planting needs dig up, remove from roots perennial weeds. If there are no weeds on the site, then the processing of the soil can be done using a walk-behind tractor. Further, the earth is treated with preparations from the slug and the bear. Having previously leveled the soil with a rake, it is covered with a layer of humus 5 cm thick. Stage 3 - Planting seeds At this stage, you will need a marker with a cell 6 * 6 or 6 * 7 cm. They make holes into which they throw one seed at a time. After all the seeds have been planted, you need to cover the humus with a broom. 4th stage - Watering Plants should be watered immediately after planting the seeds. Despite the fact that the radish loves water, it is impossible to water it too often and abundantly. Excessive moisture leads to the reproduction of slugs, cracking of root crops and damage to the commercial quality of products. Stage 5 - Harvest It is necessary to harvest the crop immediately after the heads of root crops reach the desired size, sufficient for sale. If you tighten it with the collection, then the radish may crack or shoot an arrow. It is recommended to make two collections for one bunch, and the third one is started by weight.

Growing in hydroponic setups

The method involves obtaining the maximum yield on a small area in a rather short period of time. One cassette with an area of ​​20 square meters allows you to get up to 80 kg of radish. With sufficient lighting, the growing season is 10-14 days. Hydroponic installations increase the profitability of such a business by 50%. Requirements to cassette container The cassette should have many cells for seeds and minimum area nutrition of radish; The cassette material must be environmentally friendly, it is not allowed to release toxic or harmful substances into the solution; The width of the cassette should correspond to the width of the rack of the hydroponic installation; The cassette material must not react with the solution.

Growing on a windowsill

The root crop can be perfectly grown on a windowsill or balcony. Usually, for these purposes, varieties Duro, Novired, Lyubava are used, which do not shoot. On the windowsill or balcony (better the second option), a square box measuring 60 * 60 cm is installed, after which it is filled with a soil mixture. Grooves are made in the soil, into which large seeds are sown. Sowing of root crops on the windowsill should be done on April 12-15. On the windowsill or balcony, you can get 2-3 crops, while the second sowing is done approximately April 24, and the last one is May 10-11. In later periods, it is difficult to grow a root crop on a balcony, as the air temperature rises.

Problems of the radish business

1. “Conditions” of “high” competition “sometimes” prevent “receiving” profit. 2. When growing radishes in summer in hot weather, it is worth choosing varieties that do not shoot. 3. In dry hot weather, radish leaves are loved by the cruciferous flea. Therefore, it is necessary to treat plants with insecticides. 4. The radish prefers a low temperature, the optimum is 18 degrees.

How to Calculate Estimated Profit

As a basis, we took a plot with an area of ​​100 sq. m. meters. Let's make an approximate calculation of profit. 1. In a bundle, from 12 to 25 root crops, depending on their size. 2. A kilogram of radish is approximately 2-2.5 bunches. 3. On one square meter, we can grow up to 125 plants. 4. This means that we will grow 12,500 plants on the area of ​​the entire plot. The quantity in practice will be less, as it is very difficult to achieve 100% germination. The norm is - 90-95% germination of seeds. That is, we will receive about 11,250 commercial products. Decrease the spacing between rows to increase the quantity. 5. The resulting number 11 250 is divided by 25 in order to calculate the number of beams. We get - 450. 6. 450 bundles we multiply by 30 (average bundle price) - we get 13 500 rubles. 7. From 13 500 we subtract your costs for seeds and sales of goods (for example, for gasoline), after which we get net profit.

Realization of grown radish

In order to start selling, you need to get some documents: a GOST R declaration in SES and a phytosanitary certificate. The declaration is needed to confirm that the product complies with all normative documents and technical regulations.

Scheme for the sale of products - how to get the maximum profit

Increase the number of acres. Plant radishes in several batches at a frequency of 1.5-2 weeks. So you will ensure the constant availability of commercial products. Choose varieties that have excellent taste qualities so that customers come to you. For a good product, people are ready to pay more. Grow only classic varieties, and exotic varieties (white or giant radish) only as an experiment. If there is a demand for exotics, then it is possible to increase the batches. If you sell radishes during all holidays, this will significantly increase your income. If you sell products during the summer or winter, you will get rid of a lot of competition and you can set a good price. In autumn, it is better not to grow large batches, as there are many competitors on the market at this time.

Some Marketing Tricks

The product must always be in a conspicuous place. For this, bright counters, racks and baskets are used. It is necessary to provide an opportunity to try your product. Install a poster with an appropriate caption. Tell your customers that you are a local farmer who does not use any chemicals in the growing process. If you do not plan to sell the goods yourself, then establish cooperation with stores, wholesale chains and markets. In this case, you will only have to pack the root crops in containers and containers. It can be summed up that the radish growing business is a very simple and quite profitable business. With a little effort, you can get very good result. And the main secrets of growing radishes outlined in the article will help you achieve success in your business.

BusinessIdeya.ru

Agrotechnics for growing radishes

Growing radishes in their garden plots.

Radish is one of the most beloved root crops of the people.

Delicious, juicy, early ripening, at the end of spring, along with the first green onions "from the garden" and other greens, it opens the season of summer abundance of fresh vegetables.

You can get three or four crops per season.

After winter, radishes are the first sources ascorbic acid (up to 44%) and vitamin PP.

The period of vegetation (growing) of radish is short, 20-40 days in total.

This is a cold-resistant plant, with a small root system, which allows it to be grown not only in small beds, but even in large pots.

This circumstance makes it possible to establish the cultivation of radishes almost from the beginning of February, even in central Russia.

Of course, you will need a heated greenhouse.

If there is none, then the sowing date is shifted to mid-March.

Radishes are rich vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, sulfur.

aromatic mustard oils, contained in radishes enrich the taste of any salad and meat dishes.

Well, besides - it is valuable for its precocity.

There was a radish on the table - that's it, the harvest has begun!

Growing radishes has its own characteristics.

So radish is picky about soil fertility.

Root crops grow well on soils of various acidity(pH 5.5 7.3).

Liming is carried out only on very acidic soils.

Radishes are placed as the predecessor of the main crop: tomato, pepper, eggplant, cucumber, summer crops of beets and carrots.

In autumn it is a re-crop.

Radish is a moisture-loving crop.

Unlike other vegetable crops, it has a shallow root system, so it needs a sufficient amount of moisture throughout the growing season.

With its lack of root crops lengthen, flabby, have an unpleasant taste.

Basic soil preparation for growing radishes, fertilization for the main crop.

Early ripe varieties of radish are widely used as a lighthouse crop for early sowing of carrots, parsley, seedless tomato and others.

When sowing radishes, it should be remembered that this culture is demanding on illumination.

If the tops grow in the shade, the root crop will be of poor quality.

In the spring, the soil is loosened, well leveled with a rake or harrow.

When re-cultivating in autumn, the soil is applied per 1 m2 of area mineral fertilizers: nitrogen 15 20 g, superphosphate 30 g, potassium fats 15 g.

According to the cultivation technology, radish crops are divided into spring crops, autumn, winter or winter-spring.

The technology of growing radish in different climatic periods is described below.

Growing radishes with spring crops.

Spring crops are carried out as early as possible.

For this, the soil is prepared in the fall.

Sow in two ways: with row spacing 15 -20 cm or tape five-line with row spacing 50-60+4x15 cm.

Seeding rate of selected and treated seeds is 2-3 g/m2, sowing depth is 2-3 cm.

After sowing, the soil is rolled.

Spring crops should be carried out in 2-3 terms with an interval of 10-15 days.

This makes it possible to extend the period of consumption of products.

During the growing season, weeds are destroyed, the plants are thinned out at a distance of 3-4 cm from one another.

Then they loosen the soil between the rows, fight against flea, cabbage fly.

Every 5-6 days crops should be watered. The norm is 20 l / m2.

If necessary, after thinning, the plants are fed with nitrogen, potash fertilizers.

Growing radishes in autumn crops.

Sowing time depending on climatic and regional conditions.

With regular watering, the mass of the radish root is 30 g or more, the taste is high.

The sowing method is tape, five-line according to the scheme 50-60 + 4x20 cm.

Seeding rate 2-3 g/m2, planting depth of radish seeds 3-4 cm.

In the event of a cold snap, crops can be covered with a film.

After the emergence of seedlings, it is necessary to loosen the aisles, carry out regular watering, pest control, and destroy weeds.

With a slow increase in the mass of the root crop, the plants are fed with mineral fertilizers at the rate of 10-15 g of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers per 1 m2. Top dressing is carried out with irrigation water.

Yield 3-4 kg/m2.

Growing radish winter-spring crops.

Winter-spring or winter sowing of radish is carried out from January 15-20 in greenhouses, greenhouses, in insulated soil under plastic wrap.

From the first days of March (the date for the south of Ukraine), radishes are grown in ridges prepared in autumn, under film shelters.

To obtain a high and early harvest of radishes, selected and large seeds are required, sowing early varieties with multi-line tapes with row spacing of 10-12 cm.

Seeding rate in insulated soil under film covers 3-5 g/m2, embedment depth 1.5-2 cm.

After germination in the first leaf phase, the plants are thinned out at a distance of 3-4 cm from one another.

From germination until the appearance of the first leaf, the air temperature is maintained within 6-7°C, then - 10-15°C, and at the beginning of the thickening of the root crop it is increased to 16-20°C.

Provide ventilation of film shelters, moderately water with warm (20-22 ° C) water at the rate of 10-12 l / m2, if necessary, plants are fed in the phase of mass root setting at the rate of 10 g / m2 of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers.

In all ways of growing radishes, it should be remembered that radishes are prone to increased accumulation of nitrates. If possible, do not fertilize with nitrogen fertilizers.

Long daylight hours (more than 14 hours), prolonged exposure to both low (below 10-12 ° for 10-20 days) and high (above 20 °) temperatures, sowing radish with substandard seeds lead to premature stemming.

Radishes grow better and form good root crops in moderately warm (average daily temperature no higher than 15 °) and humid summers.

However, experienced vegetable growers get a high yield every year in any weather, providing the plants with the conditions necessary for the successful cultivation of high-quality root crops.

Early production can be obtained under film covers.

Seeds are sown in early April.

Harvest ripens in 24-28 days.

Sowing furrows are made through 8-10 cm from one another. In a row, seeds are placed every 4-5 cm to a depth of 1.5-2 cm.

Sometimes a marker board is used for sowing, which is easy to make yourself.

Its size is 30X40, and its thickness is 3 cm. Holes are made in it with a diameter of 1 cm with a distance of 5-5 cm, into which wooden finger rods 5 cm long are inserted, and a handle is nailed on top.

Before sowing radishes, the surface of the ridge is carefully leveled, the marker board is lightly pressed against the soil to get the same holes 2 cm deep.

Seeds are laid out in them: up to 3 small ones are consumed, and large ones - 4-6 g / m2.

During the entire period of growth under shelters, it is important to maintain the appropriate temperature and humidity (60-70%).

Poor ventilation, overheating extremely dangerous for plants, especially in cloudy weather and at night.

In the open field experienced gardeners the first time the seeds are sown in early spring, often on an ice crust, when the topsoil thaws by 3-4 cm.

The soil is prepared in autumn. For sowing, large seeds with good germination are selected.

Shoots withstand frosts of 2-3 °. With more hard freeze plants are watered early in the morning and shaded, they depart without much damage.

Grow radishes in an open sunny area with loose fertile soil.

It grows poorly in shady places, the roots are slow to form and are often ugly.

Particular attention is paid to the sowing time.

Early maturing varieties are often sown during the spring-summer period several times: 10-15 days after the previous sowing.

Repeated crops allow you to have fresh radishes for a longer time. The most delicious, juicy root crops are formed under conditions of a short day (10-12-hour lighting). This period occurs in early spring or late summer - autumn. A short day on the ridge can be arranged artificially.

To do this, they make a frame, cover it with an opaque material (black plastic wrap or others) and install it on the ridge from 17-19 to 7 hours.

Plants during this period are in the dark, the day seems to be shortened. In this case, large root crops are formed, the radish does not shoot longer.

When sowing in the summer, it is necessary to carefully observe agrotechnics in order to prevent mass shooting of plants, as well as to protect the sowing from pests.

Thickened seedlings should be thinned out by 4-5 cm.

It is important to provide the plants with enough water in a timely manner, as this culture is moisture-loving.

You need to water regularly: from emergence to harvest in 2-3 days, and in dry, hot weather - daily (sometimes even in the morning and evening).

Watering ensures the continuous growth of radishes, pushes the beginning of the formation of flowering shoots to a later period.

Plants provided with water are less attacked by pests, and the quality of the crop is improved.

It is useful to water radishes abundantly the day before harvesting: root crops remain fresh longer after harvesting.

After watering, the soil is usually very compacted. Frequent loosening of row-spacings or mulching of the surface of the ridge with peat, dry earth, humus allows you to maintain good air permeability, looseness of the earth.

The crop is harvested selectively, as it ripens.

You should not be late with harvesting (especially of early ripening varieties), since the formed root crops usually throw out flowering shoots after 3-5 days and become inedible.

It is no longer difficult to grow radishes at this time: the plants are almost not damaged by pests, and the shortened day and low air temperature contribute to the formation of large, juicy root crops.

Late-ripening varieties ripen in the third decade of September.

They are harvested in dry weather before the onset of stable frosts.

They are suitable for long term storage.

You can grow your own radish seeds(in the Urals too).

High quality seed obtained by sowing selected varietal seeds in peat pots 5X5 cm in size, which are prepared from peat, humus and slurry in a weight ratio of 6:2:1.

Water is added as needed.

For 10 kg of the mixture, 20 g of nitrogen, 40 - phosphorus, 40-50 -potassium fertilizers and 100 g of ash are added.

Pots are placed in a greenhouse, greenhouse or warm nursery. From the moment of emergence of seedlings and until the formation of the first leaf, 6-8 ° is maintained, until the formation of the root crop, a favorable temperature is 10-12 °, later - 15-18 ° during the day, and 10-12 ° at night.

To obtain strong shoots, it is necessary to increase ventilation and lighting.

When two shoots appear in a pot, one, the most developed plant, is left

During the period of root thickening, a small layer of earth is sprinkled on the plants.

Monitor the appearance of pests in order to protect plants in time.

Seed plants grown in a greenhouse, after 35-40 days (May 10-15), are planted in open ground in furrows after 60-70 cm.

They are well watered and pots are planted in moist soil at a distance of 30 cm from each other.

5-6 testes are placed per 1 m2. When the planted radish grows in the aisles, the soil is loosened, weeds are not allowed to grow, and all wild radish plants are especially destroyed around.

Before flowering, 30 g of phosphorus and 15 g of potash fertilizers are applied per 1 m2 of plantings.

Plants are protected from rapeseed beetle.

In the first ten days of September, the pods on the testes usually turn yellow, which means the beginning of seed ripening.

Seed bushes during this period are cut and laid on the stumps of cut plants to dry and fully ripen the seeds.

After 10-15 days they are threshed and sorted.

Some gardeners grow radish seeds direct way.

In early spring, they are sown in a plot with fertile soil.

The seeding rate is reduced: with single-line sowing (every 60 cm) to 0.4, with two-line sowing (60 + 25 cm) -0.6 g/m2.

During the period of the beginning of the formation of the root crop, part of the plants is removed (underdogs, early shooters, etc.), left only with larger root crops at a distance of 25 cm from each other.

The testicles are cut when the pods turn yellow, dried and immediately threshed.

Galimax for you
from here

In July - August, beds are vacated in any garden. The land is idle, although it is ready to give another crop of vegetables. Radishes are ideal for sowing at this time. There are almost no pests, the day is shortening, which means that it will not go to the arrow. The gardener is only required to decide on the variety and timing of sowing, and then provide standard care.

When to sow radishes for the second harvest

To determine the timing, you need to know the climate in your area and what kind of radish you are going to sow. The optimum temperature for the growth of this crop is +12 ... +15 ° C, and the root crop is laid at +15 ... +18 ° C. Now orient yourself: until what month and date such a temperature is usually observed in your region. Then choose a variety and count down from that date by the number of days from germination to harvest.

For example, the harvest should be harvested on September 1, because your autumn is cold. This means that the deadline for sowing early-ripening radishes that ripen in 18–20 days is August 6–7 (3–4 days are added for germination). Sow late varieties with a ripening period of 30-40 days 10-20 days earlier - in July.

On the packages of radishes, both the number of days of ripening and the sowing time, both spring and summer, are often indicated.

The end of July - the beginning of August is the best time for the second sowing of radishes in the middle lane, and in the south it can be sown in September. Sowing in June or early July may fail. During this period, daylight hours are the longest, radishes will give you a flower arrow instead of a root crop.

I figured out the terms for my region - Western Siberia. The temperature is +18 ° C, and in July it doesn’t happen every day, and sometimes hot days fall in the fall. Therefore, if the tops of the radish sown for the second crop are already large, and the root crop still does not grow, it is cool, you will probably need to cover the bed with agrofiber. Otherwise, you can spend time and effort, and in the end you get only foliage.

Place for radish on the site

By the end of summer, the land is freed from under young potatoes, peas, onions, garlic, salads, and early carrots. Perhaps you are digging up an old strawberry, transferring it to a new place. All these areas are suitable for sowing radishes. It cannot be alternated only with cruciferous: mustard, cabbage, daikon, turnip, turnip, etc.

Before sowing, clear the land of weeds, fertilize with humus or compost (a bucket of 1 m²) and wood ash (a glass of 1 m²). If there is a shortage of your fertilizers, add nitroammofoska - 1 tbsp. l/m². Level the area with a rake. If the land is dry, water it, loosen it the next day and start sowing.

Sowing and growing radishes at the end of summer

The distance between the rows of radishes is 10–15 cm, and if there is a lot of land idle, then the plants can be arranged more spaciously, especially a late variety with large root crops. Row spacing can be 20-25 cm, but not wider. After all, the larger the size of the occupied area, the more will be spent irrigation water and weeds will grow.

Radish is a compact plant, you can leave narrow aisles

Planting depth of radish seeds - 2 cm. With deeper sowing, seedlings may not appear or will make their way to the surface for a long time. Harvest dates will shift, which is highly undesirable at the end of summer. Spread the seeds in increments of 2-3 cm from each other.

If the bed has not been watered in advance, then moisten the bottom of the grooves prepared for the seeds well before sowing. It is undesirable to water on top of an already sown bed, since a crust forms, and it is impossible to loosen. After all, under it the very next day hatched and fragile seedlings may appear. If you have already watered from above, then keep the surface of the bed constantly moist so that there is no crust.

Video: radish sowing technique

Radish can sprout thickly, as it was sown, after 2 cm, then in the phase of 2–3 true leaves, thin out to a distance of 5 cm. Caring for summer crops is no different from spring, and it will be even easier. There are no more cruciferous fleas, and if they appear, then powder the ground and seedlings with dry mustard, ash, and tobacco dust. In the second half of summer it often rains, the heat has subsided. Water less frequently as the soil dries out. Loosen the aisles, pull out the weeds. With such simple care, after the number of days set for the variety, you will already be harvesting juicy radishes.

Video bonus: what else you can sow at the end of summer

Sow radishes for harvesting the second crop after July 20 and until September in the southern regions. Focus on the weather and consider the timing of ripening. Sowing and care is standard. Fertilize the soil, sow, water and weed. No dressings are needed. Radishes are an early ripening crop; what you bring in when preparing the garden is enough for him.

The ideal harvest of radishes in the open field

One of the earliest vegetable crops grown outdoors is the radish. Its crop can be harvested several times a season, as radishes are cultivated very quickly.

Varieties of radish for planting in open ground

According to the ripening time, early, mid-early and late varieties of radish are distinguished. The period from planting to harvesting is 16-20 days for the first, 35-40 days for the second, and 35-53 days for the third, respectively.

Early ones include:

• French breakfast;
• early red;
• eighteen days;
• Corundum.

Mid-season varieties:

• Helios;
• watermelon radish;
• Slavia;
• Saks;
• Viola.

Late varieties:

• Rampoush;
• Red giant;
• Würzburg.

Depending on the variety, root crops can be not only red, but also white (Tashkent white, Virov white), yellow (helios), purple (viola). In addition to the traditional round, some varieties have an elongated shape, like a radish (for example, rampoush)

When to sow radishes outdoors

Planting radishes in open ground can begin in April, when the soil warms up enough. For different regions of Russia, the timing of sowing radishes in the spring can be completely different, and depend on climatic conditions.

The optimum soil temperature for sowing radishes is from 15 degrees Celsius. In case of frosts, cover for young shoots should be used.

Planting dates for radishes:

• Early ripe varieties: the first decade of April
• Early varieties: late May - early June.
• Mid-season: early July
• Late ripening: end of August - beginning of September.

How many times to plant radishes per season

The timing of planting radishes in the summer may vary depending on the variety, the timing of its collection and ripening. The harvest of this vegetable can be harvested four times per season, but you cannot plant radishes twice in one bed.

• The first sowing is carried out in April, taking into account the favorable days of the month lunar calendar;
• Planting radishes in June, at the beginning of the month, is already done in seedlings. For the second sowing, medium-early varieties are used, sown 35 days before transplanting into the ground, that is, May 25-30.
• Planting radishes in July, at the end of the month, is an opportunity for a summer resident to get a root crop for the third time. The seedling method is also used and mid-early varieties are chosen for sowing seedlings at the end of June (25-30 numbers).
• For the fourth time, the culture is sown in late August - early September. This is done already in closed greenhouses, and in the northern regions of the country - in heated ones.

Planting radishes in open ground

Sowing radishes with seeds is a simple procedure, and usually does not cause difficulties. But first it is important to choose high-quality seeds and prepare the soil in order to get excellent harvest.

Pre-sowing preparation of radish seeds

You should buy seeds in specialized stores. First, they are sorted, sorted by size. Usually, seeds with a length of 3 mm or more are selected for planting - this is a guarantee of good germination and the development of large root crops.

Before planting, the seeds are kept for a day in a damp cloth or water so that they germinate. Immediately before sowing, they are soaked for 20 minutes in hot water to prevent the development of dry rot.

It is recommended to soak the seeds for 5 minutes in a 1% iodine solution, and then roll them out in crushed chalk or lime. Such a "masquerade" is needed, because the radish seed is planted one grain at a time, and the white color is clearly visible on the black earth.

Preparing the soil for planting

Growing radishes outdoors requires the right choice of location and soil for planting. Radishes take root well on loose soils, the best site for it is considered to be loam, which holds water well and does not dry out instantly.

Sandy soils are also suitable for radishes, but the culture should be watered more often, as sand absorbs water faster. The plant loves the sun, so it is better for him to choose sunny areas.

Before planting seeds, fertilizers are applied to the ground. It is optimal if it is compost or ash at the rate of a bucket of top dressing per square meter of land.

Crop rotation rules for radishes

Radishes cannot be grown where cruciferous crops grew - cabbage, turnip, daikon, radish, turnip, horseradish. A cruciferous flea can settle in such a site, and with a high probability will destroy all crops.

Early potatoes, legumes, cucumbers, and tomatoes are considered good predecessors for radishes. Ideally, if the planting of radishes is protected from all sides by garlic, dill, onions - such plants have a specific aroma that will repel pests.

Sowing radish

For sowing in the allotted area, small grooves are made a centimeter deep, they are moistened and the radish is planted.

Seeds are planted one at a time, at a distance of 5-10 cm. If you sow radishes thicker, there will be little room for root crops to grow, and seedlings will shade each other.

After sowing, the beds are lightly covered with earth, watered abundantly and fertilized with ash.

Growing and caring for radishes

Radishes will hatch within a few days after planting. After germination, the culture is fed with potash fertilizers, following the instructions. Caring for radishes is simple: it is primarily watering, loosening, thinning and top dressing.

• Radishes are watered 2-3 times a week, 20-25 liters of water per 10 square meters.

• If the land is not sufficiently prepared in advance (seedlings wither), when watering, it is fed with ammonium nitrate (10-15 grams per 10 square meters).

• Mulch radishes better humus, you can use peat, compost, paper, dark film. Mulching helps retain moisture, which is very fond of radishes.

• Thinning is carried out 5 days after germination, removing the smallest ones. Water the crop as needed, carefully loosening the soil after each watering.

Problems when growing radishes

• If the roots became slimy and the smell of rot began to emanate from them, it means that the radish was struck by bacteriosis. Treatment with 1% Bordeaux mixture will help eliminate this problem.
• With the formation of growths and swellings, yellowing and wilting of foliage, treatment for a fungal disease - keel should be started. Milk of lime, which is poured over the soil around infected plants, will help. One plant will need a liter of such a product.
• Symptoms of the black leg are yellowness and twisting of the leaves, darkening of the stem at the root crop. Affected plants are treated with a solution blue vitriol and laundry soap.

The main pests of radish and their control

A lot of trouble for radish beds is caused by pests, especially the cruciferous flea, which eats holes in the radish tops. If there is a lot of damage, the greens begin to wither, and the root crop itself does not gain the desired mass and stops growing. The pest is especially dangerous for tender seedlings of radish.

• To protect plants, they are treated with ash. For ten liters of water, add two glasses of fresh ash and fifty grams of laundry soap.
• Second effective way- treatment of leaves with tobacco dust (in the same proportions as with ash).

• The most effective method of control is insecticide treatment, in particular Inta-Vir.

Belyanka is a dangerous pest of radish. The caterpillars of this butterfly eat the green tops of the crop. To protect the beds, they are treated with a solution of ground pepper, salt and mustard.

When growing radishes in the summer, in hot weather, it is necessary to take measures to protect against the bear. She does not often feed on radishes, but can get into the garden and damage the crop.

The radish root often damages the wireworm (large holes) and the nematode (rotted base of the roots, small holes in the radish with signs of decay).

• To protect against wireworms, the soil is fertilized with ammonium sulfate - two tablespoons of fertilizer per square meter. Such top dressing will saturate the soil with nitrogen, and destroy the pest larvae.
• To combat the nematode, Fitoverm is effective. This powder is safe for humans. It infects the larvae of root-knot nematodes, which soon die of starvation.
• In the fight against nematodes, soil steaming is also used (watering hot water from 60 degrees, consumption of a liter per square meter), and its disinfection with preparations based on chitosan - Aldikabr, Vidata.

Outcome

Growing radishes in open ground is possible throughout the summer season. Even a novice gardener will cope with the simple rules for caring for this crop, if you sow radishes on the beds in time and provide him with ideal conditions for growth.

Radishes are a popular spring vegetable. It is grown in gardens and fields because of its cold resistance, precocity, productivity, excellent taste, and the ability to get early products. It is not difficult to grow root crops, but it is still useful to know the intricacies of planting radishes in open ground in spring, so that you can count on a good harvest and avoid plant shooting. Let's consider all the stages in detail.

Radish varieties are divided into early, mid-season and late-ripening. The former are intended for spring sowing and early harvesting, the latter for summer and autumn sowing and harvesting, respectively, in September-October. Early radish ripens on average in just 3 weeks, mid- and late-ripening - in 1-1.5 months, but its roots are larger and can be stored.

The most famous varieties of radish for growing in their summer cottage:

1. 18 days - ultra-early variety, elongated cylindrical root crop, pink color, white tail. The pulp is dense, white, slightly sharp.
2. Zhara is an early variety, ripens in 18-20 days. Radishes are round in shape, red-raspberry in color, their flesh is tender, juicy, with a slightly spicy taste.
3. French breakfast - an early variety, you can harvest on the 21-23rd day. Root crops of a cylindrical form, red-crimson color with a white tip. Pulp of slightly sharp taste.
4. Carmen is an early variety, ripens in 20 days, the root crop is rounded, red in color, slightly spicy in taste.
5. Cardinal is a mid-early hybrid. Resistant to bloom. Radishes are round and red.
6. Red giant - the variety belongs to mid-season. The carmine-red root ripens in 1-1.5 months and grows up to 150 g. The flesh is white-pink, with a good taste.
7. Octave - mid-season radish. The root crop is rounded, white in color, with delicate pulp, dense, no voids are formed in it.
8. The red giant is a late variety. Root crops are large, weighing up to 300 g, with pink-red skin and white sweet-spicy pulp.

When choosing a variety for planting, many gardeners are interested in whether a radish called 18 days really grows in such a period? In fact, this result can only be achieved under ideal weather conditions, so it is mostly harvested a few days later. However, it is not worth it to deliberately overexpose the root crops in the beds, hoping that they will still grow: in this case, they quickly coarsen, become fibrous and hollow.

When to sow radishes outdoors

The quality of the entire crop directly depends on the timing of planting radishes. This vegetable is cold-resistant and can easily endure a cold snap or even slight frosts, so you can start growing early radishes from the end of March to the beginning of April, as soon as it gets warmer. You can sow the whole of April and until mid-May and use only early varieties.

It is not recommended to sow later, plants in the conditions of a long day will go into the arrow, while the roots will be small, hard, or they will not exist at all. Optimal length daylight hours for this crop - 8-10 hours, after reaching 14 hours in the sowing of the vegetable, you need to take a break.

You should know that radish sprouts after sowing through:

• 1.5-2 weeks at air temperature up to +10 °C;
• 1 week at a temperature of +10…+15 °С;
• 3 days at a temperature of +15…+20 °С.

Ground temperature during planting should be at least 2-3 °C.

When choosing the right time for landing work, you can navigate by the lunar calendar. In 2018, favorable days for planting radishes are:

• March 20-23;
• 6-9, 19-20, 23-29 April;
• 7-10, 19-24 May.

To create a vitamin product pipeline, radish seeding can be done all spring every 1-2 weeks. summer sowing they spend the whole of July, and when August comes, they already finish. In this case, the crop is harvested in September-October. You can sow radishes before winter.

Sometimes a radish is transplanted to another place if it has been heavily sown. Do this when she has 2 true leaves. But, some gardeners argue that nothing good can be expected from transplanted plants, since their root system is damaged.

How to grow radishes outdoors

Important components of growing radishes in the open field are: the choice of a suitable variety, the right time for planting and the correct sowing, and the observance of the necessary rules for caring for plants. Only by fulfilling all these conditions of agricultural technology can one count on the fact that it will be possible to get a decent harvest.

Site selection and soil preparation for planting

For growing radishes in open ground, you do not need to allocate a special area, you can plant it on a garden bed, where you can then place some other vegetables. A place for radish should be chosen so that it is lit by the sun in the first half of the day, and in partial shade in the second half. If the selected area is illuminated by the sun throughout the day, then over the ridges you need to install arcs on which to stretch the agrofiber in the afternoon.

Before this crop, cruciferous plants should not grow on the selected beds: cabbage, mustard, watercress. The best predecessors of radishes are nightshade, legumes, pumpkin, bad ones are all cruciferous and the vegetable itself. In general, it is better to sow this vegetable every year in a fresh place.

For early spring radishes, it is better to prepare the site in the fall. The earth needs to be dug deep, add a bucket of rotted humus for each m2 and leave until spring. Fresh manure cannot be brought in. Break the clods in the spring, dig the ground again and level it. If fertilizers were not applied in the fall, then this can always be done in the spring. For each m2, add 10-15 g of saltpeter, 15-20 g of potassium sulfide and 20-25 g of superphosphate. Add sand to clay soil to make it lighter.

Seed preparation

You need to purchase seeds of the variety you like in special packages from trusted manufacturers - this is a guarantee that the radish is really varietal. Before sowing it on the beds, seeds should be prepared in order to select the best ones and enhance their germination. For example, in order to select only viable strong seeds, you need to cook in a cup saline solution(50 g of salt per 1 liter of water), pour seeds into it and wait until some pop up. Remove them, drain the water, disinfect the remaining wet seeds in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate for 15 minutes. Then rinse them in water and dry until dry. Optionally, you can soak radish seeds in growth stimulants such as Zircon or Epin.

With early spring sowing of seeds, which is carried out at the end of March, hardening can be carried out, which will increase their resistance to possible temperature changes. Hardening is carried out as follows: wrap the seeds in a damp cloth, leave warm for 1 day, then put in the refrigerator for about 4 hours, then keep warm again. Alternate exposure to different temperatures until the seeds germinate.

How to plant a radish in open ground

The soil on which radishes grow best should be loose and moist. Grooves for seeds need to be made superficial, it is not necessary to bury them deep into the ground. The best planting depth is 1 cm. The grooves are shed with water, then the radishes are laid out one by one at a distance of 5 cm and sprinkled with earth. Row spacing is 10 cm or more.

In order not to thin out seeds accidentally sown too thick, you can sow them under the marker. It is made from a wooden plank with cloves spaced 5 cm apart. To use this marker, you need well-leveled soil in the garden so that the ruler lies flat and the teeth leave prints on it. Such a marker can also be used to form dense plantings when no row spacing is left. Then from m2 of beds it will be possible to harvest up to 5 kg of crop. Another option precision seeding- plant radishes in egg trays, in which the bottom is pre-cut. Such trays need to be laid out on the ridges next to each other, covered with earth and sown in each cell 1 seed.

You can also plant radish seeds in open ground in spring with a manual seeder - in this case, sowing will be the most accurate. If, nevertheless, the culture is sown densely, then it is thinned out approximately on the 5th day after germination. The weakest plants are pulled out and the strongest ones are left.

For winter planting of radishes in open ground, a site is chosen on level ground or with a slight slope to the south or southeast. It should not be flooded with melt water and be located in a place blown by the winds. Radish before winter is sown in the second half of October, with the onset of frost. Close up according to the same planting scheme, cover with earth, and cover the beds with peat or compost from above, mulch with a leaf, straw, hay. A layer of mulch should be sufficient so that the seeds do not disappear in winter, if suddenly it is not snowy enough. In the spring, as soon as the snow melts, the mulch is removed. Winter sowing makes it possible to get an ultra-early harvest earlier than any radish sown in the spring can keep up.

Care

Everyone can grow early radishes in their beds, but you need to follow some rules. After sowing the seeds, the earth is watered every day until shoots appear. Soil moisture should be within 80%, so watering is necessary not only for seedlings, but also for adult plants that form a root crop: if there is little moisture, the radish will be bitter, and at high temperatures it can go into the arrow.

There should be no stagnant moisture either: in wet ground, radishes can get sick with a black leg or keel. It is also necessary to ensure that the irrigation is uniform, otherwise, with a sharp change in soil moisture, the roots will crack. Watering is best in the mornings and evenings. It is also necessary to loosen and weed the beds in a timely manner. You need to act carefully so as not to hurt the plants and not cut them. You can also sprinkle the ground around the radishes with sawdust, hay, grass, so as not to loosen and weed.

You can feed radishes with both organic and mineral fertilizers. Manure can only be used rotted, fresh radish does not like - plants shoot from it. After the next fertilization, vegetables need to be mulched with peat to make the soil more airy. With proper cultivation, radishes turn out to be neat, juicy, crispy, without coarse fibers and voids.

Harvest and storage

Harvest radishes as they ripen. Root crops are pulled out selectively, taking the tops and simply pulling on it. First, those vegetables that have reached the size characteristic of the variety are harvested. The rest remain to ripen and enlarge. The smallest radishes, if they do not grow, will have to be pulled out as they are - they will not become larger. A few of the largest and most beautiful specimens can be left to seed if the radish is varietal.

Harvested vegetables can be consumed immediately, or sent for storage in the refrigerator (for early varieties, where they can lie for 1-2 weeks) and in the cellar (for late varieties, they will lie in it for up to 2 months).

Diseases and pests: the fight against them

Radishes can be attacked by pests and become infected with diseases. If you do not fight them, there will be no harvest. Therefore, at the first signs of morbidity or damage, measures must be taken. For example, if the radish is sick:

1. Kiloy - pull out plants and burn them. Add lime to the ground and do not plant a crop in this place for 4 years.
2. Powdery mildew - treat plants with copper-containing fungicides + crop rotation.
3. Bacteriosis - spray plantings with Bordeaux liquid.

Processing from pests of the cruciferous flea and whitefish can be carried out with insecticides, but first it is better to try using infusions of wormwood, tobacco, celandine or wormwood. On the early ripe varieties it is best to do with folk remedies.

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Planting radishes in open ground and growing them is a simple process, any gardener can master it. And in order for them to be successful, it is necessary to adhere to the sequence and rules for growing a crop: only in this case it will be possible to hope for a return on its part.

The ideal harvest of radishes in the open field

One of the earliest vegetable crops grown outdoors is the radish. Its crop can be harvested several times a season, as radishes are cultivated very quickly.

Varieties of radish for planting in open ground

According to the ripening time, early, mid-early and late varieties of radish are distinguished. The period from planting to harvesting is 16-20 days for the first, 35-40 days for the second, and 35-53 days for the third, respectively.

Early ones include:

• French breakfast;
• early red;
• eighteen days;
• Corundum.

Early ripe variety of radish Korund

Mid-season varieties:

• Helios;
• watermelon radish;
• Slavia;
• Saks;
• Viola.

Late variety of giant radish Red giant

Late varieties:

• Rampoush;
• Red giant;
• Würzburg.

Depending on the variety, root crops can be not only red, but also white (Tashkent white, Virov white), yellow (helios), purple (viola). In addition to the traditional round, some varieties have an elongated shape, like a radish (for example, rampoush)

When to sow radishes outdoors

Planting radishes in open ground can begin in April, when the soil warms up enough. For different regions of Russia, the timing of sowing radishes in the spring can be completely different, and depend on climatic conditions.

Growing radish seedlings

The optimum soil temperature for sowing radishes is from 15 degrees Celsius. In case of frosts, cover for young shoots should be used.

Planting dates for radishes:

• Early ripe varieties: the first decade of April
• Early varieties: late May - early June.
• Mid-season: early July
• Late ripening: end of August - beginning of September.

How many times to plant radishes per season

The timing of planting radishes in the summer may vary depending on the variety, the timing of its collection and ripening. The harvest of this vegetable can be harvested four times per season, but you cannot plant radishes twice in one bed.

• The first sowing is carried out in April, taking into account the favorable days of the month according to the lunar calendar;
• Planting radishes in June, at the beginning of the month, is already done in seedlings. For the second sowing, medium-early varieties are used, sown 35 days before transplanting into the ground, that is, May 25-30.
• Planting radishes in July, at the end of the month, is an opportunity for a summer resident to get a root crop for the third time. The seedling method is also used and mid-early varieties are chosen for sowing seedlings at the end of June (25-30 numbers).
• For the fourth time, the culture is sown in late August - early September. They do this already in closed greenhouses, and in the northern regions of the country - in heated ones.

Sowing radishes with seeds is a simple procedure, and usually does not cause difficulties. But first it is important to choose high-quality seeds and prepare the soil in order to get an excellent harvest.

Pre-sowing preparation of radish seeds

You should buy seeds in specialized stores. First, they are sorted, sorted by size. Usually, seeds with a length of 3 mm or more are selected for planting - this is a guarantee of good germination and the development of large root crops.

Preparing radish seeds for sowing

Before planting, the seeds are kept for a day in a damp cloth or water so that they germinate. Immediately before sowing, they are soaked for 20 minutes in hot water to prevent the development of dry rot.

It is recommended to soak the seeds for 5 minutes in a 1% iodine solution, and then roll them out in crushed chalk or lime. Such a "masquerade" is needed, because the radish seed is planted one grain at a time, and the white color is clearly visible on the black earth.

Preparing the soil for planting

Growing radishes outdoors requires the right choice of location and soil for planting. Radishes take root well on loose soils, the best site for it is considered to be loam, which holds water well and does not dry out instantly.

Sandy soils are also suitable for radishes, but the culture should be watered more often, as sand absorbs water faster. The plant loves the sun, so it is better for him to choose sunny areas.

Composting soil for radishes

Before planting seeds, fertilizers are applied to the ground. It is optimal if it is compost or ash at the rate of a bucket of top dressing per square meter of land.

Crop rotation rules for radishes

Radishes cannot be grown where cruciferous crops grew - cabbage, turnip, daikon, radish, turnip, horseradish. A cruciferous flea can settle in such a site, and with a high probability will destroy all crops.

Early potatoes, legumes, cucumbers, and tomatoes are considered good predecessors for radishes. Ideally, if the planting of radishes is protected from all sides by garlic, dill, onions - such plants have a specific aroma that will repel pests.

Sowing radish

For sowing in the allotted area, small grooves are made a centimeter deep, they are moistened and the radish is planted.

Sowing radishes in open ground

Seeds are planted one at a time, at a distance of 5-10 cm. If you sow radishes thicker, there will be little room for root crops to grow, and seedlings will shade each other.

After sowing, the beds are lightly covered with earth, watered abundantly and fertilized with ash.

Growing and caring for radishes

Radishes will hatch within a few days after planting. After germination, the culture is fed with potash fertilizers, following the instructions. Caring for radishes is simple: it is primarily watering, loosening, thinning and top dressing.

• Radishes are watered 2-3 times a week, 20-25 liters of water per 10 square meters.

Watering radish beds

• If the land is not sufficiently prepared in advance (seedlings wither), when watering, it is fed with ammonium nitrate (10-15 grams per 10 square meters).

Fertilization for radishes

• It is better to mulch radishes with humus, you can use peat, compost, paper, dark film. Mulching helps retain moisture, which is very fond of radishes.

Thinning seedlings of radish

• Thinning is carried out 5 days after germination, removing the smallest ones. Water the crop as needed, carefully loosening the soil after each watering.

Problems when growing radishes

• If the roots became slimy and the smell of rot began to emanate from them, it means that the radish was struck by bacteriosis. Treatment with 1% Bordeaux mixture will help eliminate this problem.
• With the formation of growths and swellings, yellowing and wilting of foliage, one should start treatment for a fungal disease - keels. Milk of lime, which is poured over the soil around infected plants, will help. One plant will need a liter of such a product.
• Symptoms of the black leg are yellowness and twisting of the leaves, darkening of the stem at the root crop. Affected plants are treated with a solution of copper sulfate and laundry soap.

The main pests of radish and their control

A lot of trouble for radish beds is caused by pests, especially the cruciferous flea, which eats holes in the radish tops. If there is a lot of damage, the greens begin to wither, and the root crop itself does not gain the desired mass and stops growing. The pest is especially dangerous for tender seedlings of radish.

Cruciferous flea-damaged radish

• To protect plants, they are treated with ash. For ten liters of water, add two glasses of fresh ash and fifty grams of laundry soap.
• The second effective way is to treat the leaves with tobacco dust (in the same proportions as ash).

Treatment of radish beds with tobacco dust

• The most effective method of control is insecticide treatment, in particular Inta-Vir.

Belyanka is a dangerous pest of radish. The caterpillars of this butterfly eat the green tops of the crop. To protect the beds, they are treated with a solution of ground pepper, salt and mustard.

When growing radishes in the summer, in hot weather, it is necessary to take measures to protect against the bear. She does not often feed on radishes, but can get into the garden and damage the crop.

The radish root often damages the wireworm (large holes) and the nematode (rotted base of the roots, small holes in the radish with signs of decay).

• To protect against wireworms, the soil is fertilized with ammonium sulfate - two tablespoons of fertilizer per square meter. Such top dressing will saturate the soil with nitrogen, and destroy the pest larvae.
• To combat the nematode, Fitoverm is effective. This powder is safe for humans. It infects the larvae of root-knot nematodes, which soon die of starvation.
• In the fight against the nematode, steaming the soil is also used (watering with hot water from 60 degrees, consumption of a liter per square meter), and its disinfection with preparations based on chitosan - Aldikabr, Vidata.

Outcome

Growing radishes in open ground is possible throughout the summer season. Even a novice gardener will cope with the simple rules for caring for this crop, if you sow radishes on the beds in time and provide him with ideal conditions for growth.

Radish is a vegetable with a peculiar spicy taste, which gives it the mustard oil contained in it. It has good nutritional and healing properties. Differs in high precocity, cold resistance, unpretentiousness in leaving that allows to receive the earliest harvest of fresh vegetables already in the spring. And subject to certain conditions(temperature, lighting, humidity) you can grow radishes year-round.

1 Features of growing radishes

Radish - planting and caring for this unpretentious plant in the open field does not require much labor. This is a very early vegetable. Early varieties ripen in 18–20 days, late ones in 40. This feature and the fact that it tolerates cold well allows it to be planted in open ground as soon as the snow melts, and enjoy the long-awaited fresh vegetables in spring.

The second distinguishing feature of it is that it is a plant of a long day, that is, with a daylight hours of more than 13 hours, the root crop abruptly turns into a seed arrow, becomes hollow and inedible. This property forces it to be grown only with a short daylight hours - in spring or autumn.

Since radish is a cold-resistant crop, it is planted in the beds before heat-loving vegetables. When the turn of the latter comes, the radish will already ripen. They also use it as beacons when planting together in the same row with other crops that emerge much later. This allows you to loosen and weed the aisle until sprouts appear, which, in turn, accelerates germination.

Slightly acidic, sandy, nutritious loose soil is suitable for this crop. Root crops will not form in other soil. It must be planted in an open, but not windy place. In the shade, it goes into the tops and the tubers also do not develop. Land for planting is being prepared in the fall.

You can not plant radishes in the places where his cabbage relatives grew, it is best to plant them after onions, garlic or potatoes. On the beds for deep digging up to 30 cm, humus, mature compost, superphosphate, and potassium salt are introduced. Heavy clay soil can be lightened by adding peat and sand to it. They are sown immediately after the snow melts.

For planting root crops before winter, the beds are also prepared in advance, in warm weather. Furrows are made on them, then covered with a film until the ground freezes to 5 cm in late autumn or the first snow falls.

2 Planting technology in open ground

To speed up the germination of seeds, before planting they are sifted through a sieve with 2-3 mm cells (selecting the largest ones), soaked overnight in warm water and disinfected for half an hour in a bright solution of potassium permanganate. Such preparation will allow you to grow large fruits and protect against diseases.

In April, radishes are sown in rows or in nests in open ground. When planting with the first method, the row spacing is left 10 cm wide, and in the row between seeds - 5 cm. When choosing the second option, the distance between plants is set 5 cm by 5 cm.

Before sowing planting material, the furrows are watered with hot water, the seeds are covered with earth and rammed. This will improve their contact with the soil and speed up germination.

To extend the radish harvest period, the seeds are sown not at the same time (which will lead to a one-time harvest of root crops), but after several days. Sowing is done until mid-May. You can sow immediately, but varieties of different ripening periods. This makes it possible to obtain fresh vegetables for a longer time, since they are not subject to storage, because quickly, especially early ripe ones, lose their nutritional and healing properties.

2.1 Landing features in summer

In summer, radishes are usually not planted. Of course, lovers of spicy dishes can grow it during this period, but then it is necessary to artificially reduce daylight hours, otherwise the vegetable will go to the arrow. This can be done by covering the beds with black film or opaque material daily from 18.00 to 8.00.

Suitable for growing in summer are varieties and hybrids that have weak bolting, such as:

• French breakfast;
• White Nights;
• Virovskiy white;
• Champion;
• Gold.

In June-July, in order not to make a separate bed for radish, the seeds are sown in the aisle of other crops (young strawberries, lettuce), but less often - at a distance of up to 10 cm from each other.

2.2 Sowing autumn varieties

In late August or early September, autumn varieties begin to be sown. They are tastier and juicier than spring ones, but due to the great abundance of other garden gifts during this period, they are less popular. At this time, late-ripening hybrids are sown, which must be stored in cool places for up to 2 months, so you can provide yourself with fresh vegetables until the New Year.

Since the sowing of these root crops is carried out on beds freed from other crops, they must be fed with organic matter and mineral fertilizers. The composition of top dressing per square meter is approximately as follows:

• 2-3 kg of humus;
• 1 st. a spoonful of potassium sulfide;
• 1 st. a spoonful of superphosphate;
• 1 teaspoon of urea;
• 0.5 cups of sifted wood ash.

The beds are dug up and leveled. Since the fruits of late-ripening varieties are large and they need more nutrition, their seeds are sown less often: up to 20 cm between rows and up to 15 cm between seeds in a row.

When planting radishes before winter, planting material is laid out in dry furrows, covered with dry earth, and then mulched with compost or peat. If snow falls, then the plantings are covered with snow from above.

2.3 Caring for radishes

Caring for root crops consists of watering, weeding, loosening, thinning, top dressing (if no fertilizers were applied during the preparation of the beds) and pest control.

It is necessary to water as the soil dries up, avoiding waterlogging. Moreover, the first watering should be done with a warm liquid in the evening, so that the seedlings better tolerate night frosts. After two weeks, you can already water with plain water.

Since the radish accumulates nitrates, it is best to feed it with a solution of ash or infusions of sage and rosemary herbs. They will also protect plants from snails, slugs and fungal diseases.

Mulching the beds with fine cut grass, peat or compost makes it easier to care for. This allows you to loosen less often, get rid of weeds, moisture will be retained longer, which means you do not have to water often.

3 Features of growing vegetables in closed areas

To speed up the ripening of radishes, they are often sown in polycarbonate greenhouses. Indoor planting allows you to harvest in March or April. The land in them, as well as in the open field, is being prepared in the fall. The necessary feeding is done with fertilizers, organics, the beds are dug up and leveled, and in the spring, as soon as the soil thaws by 5 cm, seeds are sown. Specially bred greenhouse varieties are ideal for planting in a greenhouse:

• Greenhouse.
• Early red.

Good cold resistance allows them to be sown in the middle lane already in February. If these varieties are not on sale, then you can buy early-ripening ones, which are also suitable for growing in a greenhouse:

• Dawn.
• Heat.
• Sax.

Growing indoors has its own characteristics. To make it successful, it creates optimal conditions for humidity and temperature:

• before the beginning of the mass shoot, the temperature is maintained + 16–18 ° С;
• then 4 days is hardening at + 6–8 ° С;
• then + 18–20 ° С are optimal for growing, night cooling and even frost do not harm plants.

Care in the greenhouse is the same as in the open field. Weeding, thinning, loosening and deep watering up to 15 cm, as the surface layer of the soil dries. To control pests, plants are treated with wood ash or tobacco dust.

3.1 Winter sowing of radish

Fans of radishes can also grow them in winter in their apartment on the windowsill, although this is more difficult than in a greenhouse. The problem is that it is more difficult to provide the necessary temperature and lighting in the apartment, because the rooms are too warm in winter and there is not enough light. Plants go to the tops, and the fruit becomes tasteless.

But if the house has a closed loggia, veranda or balcony, then we solve the issue. As a rule, during the winter months in such premises during the day the temperature is from + 8 ° С to + 18 ° С, and at night it is much lower, which is the optimal temperature regime for these vegetables. And so that the plants do not stretch due to low light, they need to be additionally highlighted. Moreover, the backlight should increase not the time of illumination, but the intensity.

Used as an illuminator LED lamp- they do not heat up and consume little electricity. Their work can be automated by connecting through a time relay set for a certain period of time.

Planting containers must be at least 15 cm deep. They are filled with earth from the garden or peat-based soil intended for growing cabbage. Plants in the apartment should be watered moderately and only with settled room water.

The following varieties are best suited for sowing in these conditions:

• Early red.
• Greenhouse Gribovsky.
• Quart.

4 The influence of the moon on the development of plants

It is impossible not to take into account when planting and other garden work and the influence of the Moon in its various phases on all life on Earth. Observations of it revealed that during the new moon and full moon, landing and transfer operations are undesirable. During the full moon, juices accumulate and stagnate in the upper part of the plant, and during the new moon - in the roots and root crops. Therefore, when planting these days, plants do not take root well.

The other two phases of the moon, waxing and waning, program the plants, respectively, for the growth of the aerial part or the development of the root system. Therefore, the growing moon is favorable for sowing vegetables that bear fruit above the ground, and the waning moon is for root crops. This means that radishes must be sown on the waning moon.

It is also very important to find the Moon in the signs of the Zodiac favorable for planting, since they also affect the yield, since they are divided into fertile, medium fertility and barren.

Centuries-old observations have shown that the best harvest is achieved when plants are sown on the days of the phase of the Moon they need and when it is in the fertile sign of the Zodiac. Therefore, it is so important to carry out all work in the garden on favorable days for them, referring to the lunar calendar of the gardener.

Growing radishes does not require much labor. Implementation of simple agricultural practices and compliance with optimal conditions its growth can allow gardeners to have this tasty and healthy vegetable on their table continuously throughout the year.

Planting and caring for radishes in the garden beds

Radish is the earliest root crop, which acquires a marketable appearance in 20-40 days, depending on the varietal timing of production. Planting and caring for radishes is not difficult even in the absence of experience in gardening. To have a root crop on the table all summer, you should use some special tricks.

Agrotechnics of radish

When growing radishes, you need to know the following features:

• cold-resistant culture with possible winter sowing;
• the soil for the crop should be fertile, but without fresh organic matter;
• long daylight hours create conditions for shooting, to the detriment of flooding;

For planting and caring for radishes in the open field, a lighted area is chosen. Before sowing, the soil is filled with rotted manure, complex mineral fertilizers and dug well. It is better to prepare a bed in the fall, and sow in winter or early spring. It should be noted that the seeds are placed in grooves to a depth of 1 cm and the earth above them is compacted.

For continuous plantings, it is better to use a marker with 5x5 cm teeth. Then the seeds are placed at the same distance with uniform depth and compaction. Shoots appear at the same time, thinning is not required. How to plant a radish, each gardener chooses for himself. You can sow a separate bed, make markers from seedlings for tight crops, or stick along the edges of beds with other crops.

By sowing seeds with different maturation periods, it is possible to obtain products from one garden bed within a month. So, French breakfast radish will delight you with tender crispy pulp 20 days after germination, and Ice icicle will have marketable ripeness after 45 days. Thus, it is possible to have fresh radishes on the table for a month from one sowing date.

How to harvest early radishes

In order to already have a favorite root crop in May, you need to take care of this in advance. An open place is selected on the site for early landing. Later, heat-loving crops can also be planted here. There are several ways to grow first harvest radishes outdoors. For sowing, you need to choose fresh large seeds of early ripening varieties. The sowing rate is 2-3 g / m 2. Sowing seeds, depending on the region, is carried out at different times - winter or early spring under temporary shelter.

Podzimny sowing is carried out with a steady onset of cold weather in pre-prepared furrows. From above, the sowing is covered with thawed soil prepared in advance. In spring, the seeds will hatch early, as seedlings appear at 2-3 degrees and withstand return frosts up to 6 degrees. Another way is winter sowing. In the middle of winter, snow is removed from the garden, seeds are laid out along the furrows and covered with peat with a layer of 2 cm.

Sowing radishes before winter and in winter allows you to get the first harvest a decade earlier than with the spring planting method. The area with early seedlings is covered when the temperature drops, but more often a temporary shelter from arcs is installed above such a bed.

If early radishes are grown as a business, the best way will be the sowing of seeds using a marker and the distance between the tapes with a continuous sowing of 40-50 cm. This placement of the crop will ensure the care of the plants. The entire area is covered with a film frame with ventilation. Early sowing on prepared soil is done when the ground has thawed by 2-3 cm. If the morning frost on the soil was stronger than three degrees, the plants are watered and shaded before the sun's rays touch the plant. Radishes grow quickly if they have enough moisture and sunlight. The selection of root crops is carried out gradually, as they ripen.

Sowing radishes during the summer

More often, sowing of early varieties is used at several times, every summer month. How to grow radishes in the height of summer, when daylight hours are longer than 12 hours? Radishes should go into the arrow at the height of summer precisely because of the lighting regime. Therefore, in the summer, the day is artificially shortened, covering the bed with radishes with dark geotextiles in arcs. It is impossible to cover with a film, as the sun will create unbearable heat under the shelter. It is necessary to illuminate the bed for 10-12 hours, only then you can get root crops, and not an arrow with seeds.

Summer heat interferes with flooding, dries out the ground, and contributes to the appearance of pests that eat up leaves and gnaw through root crops.

In summer, the bed should be damp, loose and constantly sprinkled with wood ash or tobacco dust. No insecticides can be used on an early ripening crop.

When to plant a radish for the second time depends on the willingness of the owners to withstand the daily light regime for it. If it is possible to provide watering and daylight hours, at the height of summer, the root crop can be grown using non-shooting varieties. But on hot days, the filling is weak. In the shade, radishes will release a lot of greenery at the expense of head size. Sowing radish seeds in June is irrational.

Planting a radish in July is more in line with its biology. In the second half of the month, the heat subsides, the sunny days are shorter and the nights are colder. Therefore, in August they receive a new wave of delicious root crops. Planting and caring for radishes in the open field ends at the end of September, when large root crops of late varieties are harvested for winter storage.

In order to get radishes in September, radishes should be planted in early August. The beds freed from onions on the turnip are the best fit. They are well seasoned with fertilizer, friable and there is enough time before the onset of cold weather to obtain a marketable radish. Planting radishes in August and early September is practiced in areas with a warm climate. There, a favorable development of root crops is ensured even in early October. Trans-Urals should finish the growing season in the first half of September. These climatic conditions are taken into account when planning the timing of sowing radish seeds for storage.

Greenhouse cultivation of radishes

The Siberian climate does not allow making the first crops before May. Therefore, the greenhouse method spring cultivation radish is common in this area. Radish is the predecessor of tomatoes and peppers in stationary greenhouses. Sowing it is done in April in order to get the first root crops by mid-May.

When cultivating radishes in a greenhouse, it is important:

• choose exactly greenhouse varieties that are not prone to shooting;
• provide plants with light;
• thin out radish seedlings in time;
• airing, watering, loosening are required.

If you do not follow the conditions for planting and caring for radishes, a lot of greenery will grow to the detriment of the root crop, but the leaves of the greenhouse radish are tender and suitable for making salads.

In Japan, radish leaves are considered the most valuable vitamin greens and they are eaten.

Getting Radish Seeds

Radish is an annual crop, so you can get the seeds yourself. For this, seed plants are grown through seedlings. Seeds grown in containers are rarely transplanted into open ground, after 30 cm and row spacing of 70. Plants are fed phosphorus-potassium fertilizers and protect from pests.

The pods obtained on the bush turn yellow in September. Such stems are cut, ripened and dried for two weeks and threshed. In Siberia, the testis is grown in a container, brought into a greenhouse in September and grown indoors. Threshed seeds are calibrated, leaving only large ones.

Video about a little trick when planting radishes

Gardeners' advice: how to grow radishes in the open field

Radishes are fairly early ripening vegetables. It is often grown in greenhouses. But you can perform this action in the open field. To do this, you need to know just a few simple rules, and even an inexperienced gardener can handle the process.

Features of soil preparation

In order for the radish to fully grow and develop, it needs to prepare favorable soil. When planting radishes, it must be remembered that its soil should be as loose as possible. If such soil is not provided to this plant, then cracks will form on its fruits. That is why, before planting radishes, the soil is dug up and appropriate fertilizers are applied to it.

The ideal option for planting this plant is super-sandy slightly acidic soil.

Fertilizer of the earth:

• In order for the radish to properly form root crops, it needs to provide the optimal amount of mineral fertilizers. These fertilizers include potassium salt and superphosphate.
• Fertilization of the soil directly depends on the planting period of this plant. When fertilizing, you need to know that fresh manure adversely affects radishes. That is why it should not be used as a fertilizer in any case.
• Soil fertilization must be done in advance. For example, if planting radishes is planned for spring, then the soil is fertilized in autumn.
• At least one bucket of manure, which is overripe, must be applied per square meter of the area allocated for radishes.

The choice of a place for planting this plant also plays an important role. This culture is very fond of lighting and therefore it must be planted in very well-lit places. Also, the landing site of this plant must be reliably protected from the wind.

Planting methods for radishes

There are three ways to grow radishes outdoors:

1. spring
2. winter
3. Podzimny

The winter method of planting this plant is to sow seeds in the month of November. In the event that at this moment the ground is frozen, then dry seeds must be sown in the ground. After sowing the radish seeds, they are covered with humus. This method of planting this plant requires the choice of a southern or southeastern site. Also, when planting radishes in the winter period, it is necessary to pay attention so that in the autumn period the place is not flooded with melt water.

In order to get seedlings of radish not two weeks earlier than with spring landing, it is planted in the winter.

When using this planting method, the beds are prepared since the fall. To do this, grooves are cut, the width of which is five centimeters. During a snowy winter, snow is removed from the beds before planting radishes. Seeds are sown in the prepared grooves, and on top they are covered with peat.

The most commonly used when planting this plant is the spring method:

• Radishes are planted after the winter cold has subsided.
• Radishes are planted directly in open ground.
• The time of planting radishes in the spring directly depends on the characteristics of the region.
• The most common planting of radishes is from late April to early May.
• Radish planting is carried out only when a long-term temperature is set at +15 degrees. At the same time, the night temperature should not be lower than +5 degrees.
• Before planting seeds, the beds are dug up and grooves are made in them.
• The distance between the grooves should be at least twenty centimeters.
• Planting seeds can be done in whole handfuls. Crops are dug up and abundantly moistened.

If there is a need for seedlings to appear a few days earlier, the planting site of this plant is covered with a film. The first shoots of radishes appear after five days. Most often, a large number of seeds are used for planting radishes, so the first shoots appear crowded.

In order for the radish not to “stack”, it must be weeded. For this, the strongest plants are selected. 2-3 seedlings are left after 5-6 centimeters. After a few days, the strongest are selected from these seedlings, and the rest break out.

Features of caring for radishes

In order for the fruits of the radish to be large and juicy, it needs to be regularly weeded. This not only removes weeds, but also loosens the soil, which has a beneficial effect on the size of the fruit. Also, this plant needs watering. In very dry soils, the fruits of the radish will be small and bitter in taste, and its ground part will begin to throw arrows. Thinning of this plant should begin only when the seeds in the majority germinate. This action is carried out approximately 5-7 days after sowing, when the rows are clearly visible.

After the final thinning, the radish must be watered from a watering can for rooting.

This is necessary, since during thinning the root system of the radish may be disturbed, which may not be strengthened without water. Radishes need to be watered from a watering can. On average, two liters of water must be poured per square meter of beds.

Also, after planting radishes, he needs to ensure the timely application of fertilizers. Urea and mullein are used as fertilizers. You need to take one teaspoon of urea, and one glass of mullein. Five liters of the resulting solution can process 1 square meter of beds. Thanks to the introduction of these fertilizers, the development of radishes will be significantly accelerated. In order to limit the radish from the possibility of a pest attacking it, before weeding the beds, it is necessary to pour out ground pepper or dry mustard in the amount of 1 teaspoon per 1 square meter.

Harvesting is carried out as it ripens. If the fruits have reached normal size, then they must be harvested. To do this, you just need to gently pull the plant by the stem.

Pests and diseases of radish

Radishes can be attacked by weevils, cabbage moths, cabbage fly larvae, and many others.

In order to limit the possibility of the appearance of these pests, it is necessary to sprinkle the beds with ordinary wood ash. Before planting this plant, you should not use wood ash, as it can cause the appearance of arrows, which will negatively affect the crop. If radishes are affected by pests, it is necessary to immediately start fighting them.

Pests and diseases of radish:

• If you find a weevil beetle in the garden, then you need to spray the plant with special insecticides. Also, to prevent the appearance of this pest, you can plant garlic and onions around the garden with radishes. The cabbage moth infects the ground part of this plant, which negatively affects the crop. When this pest appears, a garden bed with radishes must be treated with antibacterial drugs.
• Cabbage fly larvae are a very dangerous enemy of radishes. Therefore, when they appear, you must immediately begin to deal with them. When this pest appears, the bed with the plant is treated with special insecticides or wood ash.
• Radishes can also be affected by diseases such as powdery mildew, blackleg, white and gray rot etc. Powdery mildew appears on radish leaves as white plaque. When the first signs of the disease appear, you must immediately begin to fight it. For this purpose, both chemical and bacterial methods can be used. With a bacterial method of struggle, special preparations for spraying are used. Using chemical method the use of fungicides is required. Also, when this disease appears, it is imperative to remove the affected leaves of the plant.
• When a black leg appears on a radish, it is necessary to start fighting it immediately, otherwise it will destroy not only the ground part, but also the fruits of the radish. To do this, it is necessary not to overmoisten the soil during irrigation, and also to carry out regular loosening. You can also use insecticides to control the disease. White and gray rot can occur on the tops and tops of radishes above the ground. At the first signs of this disease, it is necessary to remove the affected plants from the garden, and also treat them with special preparations.

Growing radishes in the open field is a fairly simple process, which consists in sowing, caring for and controlling pests and diseases.

More information can be found in the video.

How to plant radish seeds correctly

It is impossible to feel that spring has finally come after a long winter, and the long-awaited summer is approaching more and more inexorably until a radish appears on the table. Delicious and very healthy, on the table in a salad bowl or even just in bulk on a dish, it seems to say with all its appearance - I have come, and wait for the summer to follow. But how to plant a radish?

A little about radish

Crispy, slightly spicy and bright radish tubers are a real repository of many mineral salts - magnesium, potassium, calcium, iron, phosphorus, vitamins - C, B5, B2, B1, enzymes and organic acids. And is it not for this reason that a person has such a positive attitude towards the first spring radish that appears on the table at a time when the body needs them all very much? This article will show you how to plant radish seeds.

There are two types of this plant - annual and biennial. The first consists of European varieties and produces seeds with roots within one year, while the second consists of Asian winter varieties that produce seeds only in the second year. AT this material discusses the rules on how to plant seeds of European varieties of radishes.

Radish is an early ripening, cold-resistant, light and moisture-loving plant belonging to the cruciferous or cabbage class. Depending on the region of cultivation, it can bear fruit from 2 to 5 times a year. To get a good and repeated harvest, you need to know how and when to plant radishes.

Soil preparation before planting radishes

Many people really want to know how to plant radishes in the spring. It all starts in the fall, when the beds are prepared (raised by 15 cm) and the necessary organic fertilizers are applied - but carefully, without excessive fanaticism - because from an overabundance, for example, humus, large “tops” and frail “roots” can grow.

Then, already in the spring, after the main snow melts, mineral fertilizers can be scattered on the beds for radishes. The snow remaining on them, when melting, will enrich the soil with the necessary macro- and microelements. But just not potash - an excess of potassium will make the roots weak and lead the radish to the arrow.

The beds are made in a sunny and warm place, and for the fastest warming up of the soil, it is advisable to cover the beds with black polyethylene for 9-10 days. Before planting the seeds, it remains to remove the film and dig the beds to the depth of a spade bayonet. Everything - you can plant radish seeds.

Some features of plant compatibility

When planting radish seeds, it is important to remember that all garden plants obey a certain law of compatibility, violating which you can be left without a crop. How to plant a radish, given all this?

In this regard, a crop such as radish should be planted next to head lettuce, which will prevent ground fleas from damaging the plant. And if the radish is surrounded by beans, then its tubers grow large and have a more delicate taste. In general, radishes are friends with potatoes and spinach, as well as onions, garlic, beets and cabbage. But with cucumbers, planting radishes is not recommended.

Radishes on the open ground under the film

How to plant a radish under a film? When planting seeds in the ground, the "rule of three matches" must be observed. Seeds are planted at a depth corresponding to the length of the match, the bed from the bed is at a distance of the match, and the seed from the seed is planted in a row for the length of the match.

The land for radishes is preferably loose, and after planting the radishes, it is recommended to mulch it - sprinkle it on top river sand, sawdust or peat. Considering that there is still snow when planting radishes, you can throw more of it on the rows with planted seeds, but not too large a layer. The next step is to install a cover over the beds with a spandbod material.

The first sprouts appear at the moment the last snow melts. At this point, it is important to pay attention to the density of seedlings and, if necessary, thin out the rows or sow the seeds. In warm spring, be sure to do airing by raising the spandbod for a while. The first radish on the table can be harvested in three weeks, if a good spring allows.

Radishes in greenhouses

How to plant radishes in a greenhouse? Getting an earlier

giving birth to radishes is possible when planting it in a greenhouse. The soil in greenhouses is prepared a little differently, because radish is not the leading crop in them. He, so to speak, sits down to what is already planned to be planted in a greenhouse. Therefore, seeds are planted not on the beds of the greenhouse, but between them, and a week or two earlier than the main crop.

How to plant radish seeds in greenhouses can be read on many sites. Basically, the seeds are planted to a depth of half a centimeter and sprinkled with earth. Seeds should not be thickened, and when strongly elongated shoots appear, it is advisable to sprinkle them with earth, otherwise you can be left without root crops. Mineral fertilizers should be applied twice - at the very beginning, after planting the seeds, and a week later.

Radishes in greenhouses

In greenhouses, radishes are also planted according to slightly different rules. Since it is the leading crop here - everyone else is planted after it - the land is prepared a little differently, and planting dates are determined by the weather and the design of the greenhouses. Since radish loves both heat and sunlight, in greenhouses suitable conditions can be achieved somewhere after the first decade of April.

Greenhouse soil must be carefully leveled. If it is too dry, it should be watered just before sowing, and when the earth is too wet, dig the ground to the depth of the bayonet and ventilate the greenhouse by opening a little frame.

What is the best way to plant radishes? To accelerate the emergence of seedlings, seeds intended for sowing in a greenhouse should be germinated. They are soaked for two hours, and then poured in an even layer on gauze in plates, covered with coarse calico and kept warm. As soon as the sprouts begin to hatch, it's time to plant them in the ground. The optimum temperature in the greenhouse when sowing radishes is from 15 to 20 degrees.

Radishes on the windowsill

If you really want radishes, but there is no cottage or garden, then those who wish can try to grow this plant on their windowsill. Moreover, this can be done without waiting for spring - even in December. It is enough to have a soil mixture, a box where radishes are planted, and knowledge - how to plant radish seeds when growing it at home. Requires excellent lighting and a cool place. It could very well be a window sill. It is worth noting - despite the fact that radish is a short-day plant, its winter day is still too short, therefore additional lighting radish won't hurt.

Radish seeds are planted in boxes to a depth of 1 centimeter, at a distance of 5-7 centimeters from each other and be sure to roll. The main feature of growing radishes on the windowsill is temperature regime which must be observed.

After at room temperature the first sprouts appeared, you need to cool the plant, keeping it at a temperature of about 7⁰ C for about 4 days, and then set the mode for it to 17⁰ C in good sunny weather and 15⁰ C in cloudy weather. At night, maintain the temperature at about 13⁰ C. This can be achieved by regulating the flow of cold air with the help of a window.

Of the fertilizers, cow dung is used in an aqueous solution with the addition of 10 g of potassium salt and 15 g of superphosphate per 10 liters of water. The growth of radish root crops occurs within one and a half to three months, so the crop is harvested selectively.

Features of care and pest control

Watering for radishes is a necessary thing, so it should be done two to three times a day. But if the radish in the open field receives a lot of moisture - in a rainy spring, it can overripe - glassy, ​​crack and rot.

The main pest for radishes is the cruciferous flea, which is fought with “clean” solutions that do not have chemistry. This is done because the radish ripens quickly, and the root crops do not have time to get rid of it.

It can be infused tobacco dust or ash. Such a tool not only has a protective effect, but is also an additional top dressing for radishes.

Radish is a good root vegetable

If we hear "radish", then we immediately remember "Gentlemen of Fortune". But this article is not about a bad person”, But about a tasty and healthy plant that every third gardener has in the country. In early spring, this is one of the first sources of vitamins, besides, radishes have antimicrobial properties.

Radish belongs to the cruciferous family (like cabbage). Its annual (European) varieties are most common, which give a root crop and seeds in the first year of planting. But there is also a two-year-old radish ( Chinese varieties), in which the root crop appears in the first year after planting, and the seeds - in the second year. We will consider only the first, annual version, as the most popular in our area.

Root crops of such radishes can be round, flat-round or have a cylindrical shape. Coloring can be rich red, pink, white, purple and even yellow.

I confess that I am a fan of round heads and varieties with a minimum amount of bitterness. For the most part, I use radishes for salads and for eating in fresh, slightly pubescent leaves are sometimes added to the salad.

Planting a radish

I sow radish seeds directly into the soil, I can do this all summer to get a young and tasty harvest. In early spring, radishes are one of the first vegetables to hit our table.

Select a sunny, wind-sheltered place with light soils for the radish. My radish grows in a sunny place, but on one side it seems to be closed by a garden. Therefore, for a little more than half a day, the sun is on the site for radishes, and this has a good effect on it, the root crops are juicy, with tender pulp. In the area where I grow radishes, I have slightly acidic soil, I have never had problems with growth. And on neutral soils, radishes will definitely grow well. This culture loves light, loose soils (sandy).

Radishes are responsive to organic fertilizers in the soil. I plant radishes every year in a different place so that the predecessors of radishes are vegetables from a different family. It is not recommended to sow radishes after cabbage, horseradish, watercress and other cruciferous, as microorganisms accumulate in the soil that can cause diseases characteristic of this family.

Preparing the soil for radishes

For autumn digging, add humus or compost. I usually dig to a depth of about 30 cm. When spring comes and I dig the soil again to form small beds to a depth of about 20 cm, I make sure to apply phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.

Sowing a radish

I grow radishes in the open ground in a seedless way always, and even several times during the summer. I do the first sowing at the end of March, when the ground is still frozen. I plant the next batch at the end of April or the first week of May. But I can plant in the 20th of May. If I decide that I also want radishes in the fall, then I sow them at the end of July.

Radishes can germinate already at 5 ° C, but this will take an extremely long time. If the temperature rises to 15 ° C, then seedlings will appear in a week, and at 23 ° C, seedlings can please as early as 4 days. The optimum temperature for growth is 20°C.

Under the radish, I make grooves with a distance of about 20 cm from each other. At first I sow radishes thickly, but after germination I break through it so that the root crops do not interfere with each other, at a distance of about 5 cm. I water the grooves when the earth is very dry and plant the seeds to a depth of about 3 cm. If the soil is wet, I do not water when planting.

radish care

Planted radishes in a dry summer I water every day. If the weather is not very hot, I can reduce the amount of watering to 1 time in 2 days. Moisture is very important for radishes, but if it comes in unevenly, then the roots can crack. With excess moisture, the radish becomes tasteless and has a watery pulp tissue structure. If there is not enough water, then bitterness, elongation, and hardness of the crust cannot be avoided.

On poor soils for early varieties, you can spend one mineral supplement, for late varieties, two top dressings can be carried out, but no more. My first radish fertilizing experience was not successful because I fed my radishes with large doses of nitrogen fertilizer, which caused huge foliage growth and stretching of root crops. At the same time, they were born very small and gained a lot of nitrates. Don't repeat my mistakes.

Radish varieties

Radishes, like many vegetables, are divided into varieties that ripen early, medium and late.

Radish "Zarya"

This early variety is good for both open and protected ground. It will take 20-30 days from grown seedlings to harvest.

Radish "Early Red"

It will also take about 30 days from full shoots to full maturity. The color of the root crop is dark red, the variety is attractive for its resistance to bolting. The pulp is tender, dense, white, very juicy. Good for soil and greenhouse conditions.

French breakfast radish

The cylindrical shape of the fruits of this variety is loved by many gardeners. The color of the fruit is bright scarlet with a white tip. The pulp is tender, juicy, without a drop of pungency. This variety ripens in about 23 days. The mass of the fruits themselves is about 20 g.

Radish "Helios"

From germination to harvest with this variety will take 30 days. A variety of yellow color, rounded root crop has a delicate taste and delicate pulp. According to the ripening period, it can be attributed to medium-early.

Radish "Viola"

medium early, fruits purple, rounded, juicy.

watermelon radish

Suddenly, bright raspberry flesh is found inside the greenish-white fruits, it looks very unusual and beautiful. Radishes are large, 7-8 cm in diameter, the flesh is dense, not very juicy and crispy, inside is sweeter than outside. The intensity of flavor decreases as it ages.

Svetlana, Russia

Hey Vera! Made me longing for spring! I always plant red or pink varieties with a white tip - always round. The fruits of this radish cause me downright aesthetic pleasure))) But you know, it’s somehow strange, I only want to eat radish in the spring, although I really like its taste! Somehow we quickly get enough of them, so I never sow much. And the post is super, as always, saliva flowed from the photo))) ++!

Faith, Eagle

Can you imagine the light, I also love it until the second half of summer and in winter something closes by December, it will blow with okroshka or tyurei and the radish is in the air)))))

Svetlana, Russia

Yes, who would doubt that this time our tastes will not converge!))) Yes, and we often buy a bag or two of radishes in Magnet for the New Year. Only I don’t really want to buy there, I’m afraid of all kinds of pesticides to eat (((

Marina, Nekrasovskoe

It’s the same with me: in the spring, you want radishes right to the point of shivering - you don’t have to wait until it ripens, but you knock off the hunt - and you don’t need it anymore, it seems. Well, maybe just a little. But once I replaced the radish crops with radish (variety Ladushka) - it looks and tastes like a radish, but it doesn’t shoot so quickly. And we enjoyed eating this radish all season in salads. And of the varieties of radish, I like Saksa - it has a short tops, and the root crops are round, large and strong. This year I sowed a multi-colored mixture (I wanted beauty :)) - only yellow radish sprang up and grew ((And there was also (according to the photos on the package) both white, and raspberry, and lilac ...)

Ludmila Uleyskaya, Yalta

Interestingly, radishes came to Europe thanks to Marco Polo. As a vegetable delicacy, it quickly spread, especially in France, where it remains a national food today. That is why it is still often called the French radish. Radish was brought to Russia by decree of Peter I, who became interested in this root crop while in Holland. By order of the king, radishes began to be grown in vegetable gardens around Summer Garden. He was on the menu every day. royal family. After the death of Peter I, the cultivation of radishes almost ceased and revived a century later.

Alla Lankova, Milkovo

As a child, I was very fond of radishes, which my grandmother squeezed: long, the size of a large carrot. We peeled it from the skin, grated it and seasoned it with sour cream. I don't know the sort. Now, no matter how much I tried, I can’t find the seeds of such a radish. Does anyone know what variety this is?

Marina, Nekrasovskoe

Alla, this description reminds me of the Ladushka radish. This is a summer radish, in which root crops are similar in shape to carrots, and in color and taste - to radishes. At one time I grew it instead of radish, which in the summer, in the heat, does not work well. "Ladushka" is devoid of this drawback, so it can be grown all season without interruption. And then in our stores, its seeds disappeared somewhere, and I gradually forgot about it. Thanks for the reminder! We must look to sow in the summer

Lyudmila Orlova (Abramova), Yekaterinburg

Alla, maybe it was not a radish, but a daikon? Size - about the size of a large carrot, taste - like a radish, even a little softer, if not overgrown.

Alla Lankova, Milkovo

I think it's still a radish. Or maybe a radish. Skin color is red. Is the daikon red?

Alla Lankova, Milkovo

Thanks Marina for your reply. I found a description of this radish on the Internet - similar. I think that this year I will already sow and remember the taste of childhood)))

Tatiana, Sudislavl

I have been sowing the “Red Giant” radish for two years in a row, it is bright red, the flesh is white, juicy, pure radish taste. Sowed 2 times per season, the latter turned out to be not very red and more spicy in taste, watered intermittently. But they were stored in the basement until the New Year. The length of the largest was 18 cm. I saw seeds in stores this year.

Alla Lankova, Milkovo

Thanks Tatyana. The failure of my search for radish seeds was probably that I bought the seeds mainly in the Sedek online store. Now I know that the seeds of such a radish are on sale, so I will definitely find it.

Ramazan Alimgulov

I love radishes and grow them all summer long. It is not only tasty, but also very useful. Eat radishes and be healthy! wp.me/s4vrNX-rediska

Elena Efremova

And I sow radishes only in the spring, not because only then I want to. I tried to sow both in the summer and in the fall. useless! In the summer, it shoots immediately, in the fall, if it is early again, the arrows, if it does not have time to ripen later. Maybe you need to use some other varieties, or maybe because of our too hot and dry summer (Stavropol, KMV region). We need to try to find a radish “ladushka”. All the same, in the fall I want to have okroshka and gnaw. But it’s scary to buy in stores and even on the market.

Growing radishes outdoors

Radishes are the earliest vegetable grown everywhere from spring to autumn. It is he, due to his cold resistance and precocity, that first appears after long winter months in our diet. The vegetable has a characteristic pungent taste due to the presence of mustard oils in the composition. It also contains a whole range of vitamins and minerals.

How radishes grow

This crop is most often cultivated in open ground. Radishes perfectly tolerate low positive temperatures, although indicators around + 15 ... + 18 ° C are considered optimal for its growth. In care, it is undemanding, and therefore any novice gardener can successfully cope with its cultivation.

Due to the short growing season, this vegetable can be harvested several times per season, starting in the earliest spring and ending in late autumn. Early varieties reach nutritional maturity within 3-4 weeks after planting. Many gardeners practice sowing radishes with a break of 7-10 days for a continuous harvest.

Radishes are most commonly grown outdoors.

Planting radishes in open ground

Early spring sowing is carried out after the snow melts and the soil warms up. When the air temperature is set above +1 ... + 2 ° C, the seeds are already able to sprout. However, the following must be taken into account:

• at values ​​less than +10°C, the seed germinates for quite a long time, sometimes up to 2–3 weeks;
• at temperatures from +10 to +15°C, the seeds are able to sprout in 7–8 days;
• if the average temperature fluctuates between +18 and +23°C, then shoots will appear on the 4th day.

Usually, sowing occurs in mid-April, although in the southern regions, radishes can be sown as early as mid or late March.

Soil preparation

The bed is settled in a well-lit area protected from the winds. You should not grow radishes in the place where representatives of the Cruciferous family used to grow, to which she herself belongs: turnips, radishes, cabbage, mustard, daikon. For better yield it is recommended to alternate the planting site with plants from other families.

Radish is an excellent predecessor for other vegetable crops, such as tomatoes. He will prepare the soil and have time to give a harvest before planting tomato seedlings.

A plot for radishes should be prepared in the fall. Soft and loose earth with weak or neutral acidity is best suited for its landing. Heavy and poor soils will need to be fertilized with humus (2-3 kg per 1 m²). Clay soil can be dug up with the introduction of coarse sand and peat. The addition of various mineral complex fertilizers (superphosphate, potassium salt, etc.) will have a very good effect. They are added at the rate of 1 tbsp. l. per 1 m². If the soil has high acidity, then it must be deoxidized using lime (fluff) or wood ash.

Before planting, the plot for radish needs to be dug up and leveled with a rake.

Radishes love soft soil, so the bed should be dug up and carefully leveled.

Seed preparation

Seed material must first be sorted out (calibrated) manually or through a sieve, selecting specimens of at least 2-3 mm in diameter. This will ensure better germination and a bountiful harvest.

For sowing, it is necessary to select large seeds

Selected seeds should be soaked so that they "wake up".

1. Wrap the seeds in a wet cloth and put on a saucer.
2. Put in a warm place, best of all - on a heating battery, so that there is constant heating. The temperature should be around 30°C.
3. Moisturize the fabric as it dries.
4. Once a day, unwrap the seeds and rinse them with warm water.

Awakened seeds germinate much earlier.

Sowing

After selection and awakening of seeds, they can be sown in the ground. The landing procedure takes place in a few simple steps.

1. Furrows are made on the bed with a depth of about 2–3 cm and at a distance of 15–20 cm from each other.
2. The grooves are well shed with water.
3. Then planting material is laid out in them with gaps between seeds of 2–3 cm.
4. The grooves are covered with earth and slightly compacted.
5. Mulch with a layer of peat or humus (about 2 cm).
6. The bed is covered with a film or any covering material until shoots appear. After it is removed.

Seeds are planted at a shallow depth

When planting seeds, it is necessary to take into account the structure of the soil. In heavier clay soils, they need to be planted at a shallower depth.

Video: sowing radishes in open ground

Outdoor radish care

The time of emergence of seedlings directly depends on weather conditions. If they are favorable, then the first leaves may appear as early as 4-5 days. Further care behind the seedlings is regular watering, loosening and thinning of plantings.

Under favorable conditions, radishes germinate in 4–5 days.

Watering radishes

The key to a good harvest of radishes is proper watering. This crop prefers soil moisture of at least 75–80%. The lack of moisture is reflected in the taste of root crops - they become too bitter. In addition, in conditions of excessive dryness, the plant increases its green mass and shoots without forming root crops. Excessive moisture, especially before ripening, threatens to crack or rot the fruit, and also spoils their structure - they become watery.

Radish loves a good watering

Radishes require daily watering in the evening or morning hours. During dry periods, it is necessary to moisten the plantings twice a day. Especially carefully you need to monitor the soil moisture immediately after the appearance of the first pair of leaves. The earth should always be slightly moist and in no case dry out.

seedling thinning

After the appearance of the first two leaves, seedlings must be thinned out, otherwise the fruits will not be able to fully form. The distance between plants should be at least 3–5 cm. If a large-fruited variety is grown, then about 8–10 cm should be left. The smallest and weakest shoots should be removed, leaving the strongest ones.

It is necessary to carry out thinning of radishes to obtain larger root crops