How to propagate an orchid. Step-by-step instructions for transplanting a phalaenopsis (orchid). Features of reproduction of orchids with the help of roots at home and further care of the plant

Orchids are mysterious and unusual. These flowers are special. It seems that they cannot be bred like ordinary violets or ficuses. However, in experienced hands exotic beauties successfully give the baby on the windowsills.

Instructions for propagating orchids by cuttings at home with detailed photo and video materials will be your assistant in this painstaking, but very interesting business.

Patient flower growers can also try generative way- sow the seeds.

Sympodial orchids are easiest to propagate by division by cutting the rhizome into pieces. Each division should have three pseudobulbs. The event is held in early spring.

Sometimes plants divide on their own when the bush reaches a sufficient size.

A middle-aged sympodial orchid looks like several nodes consisting of young leaves. You need to know that not every node develops a pseudobulb.

In cattleyas, it is clearly visible under which areas there is a bulb, and under which there is not. In old miltonia, everything is so densely packed that it seems that these are not several young parts, but one plant with many tuberidia (pseudobulbs).

Above-ground shoots do not always grow from tuberidia. Therefore, the plant is cut into parts on which there are at least 3 nodes. Under at least one will be a pseudobulb.

Step-by-step instruction:

The division of the bush is the main way of reproduction of species with many growing shoots connected to each other. These are cymbidiums, oncidiums, miltonias, dendrobiums, cattleyas.

Phalaenopsis orchid propagation by division into video:

Air Scions

Dendrobiums form air offspring (children). They can develop anywhere on the stem, which consists of vertically arranged pseudobulbs. They just need to be cut and planted separately. With this division, the mother plant is cut with a knife into divisions of 2-3 thickenings. Bushes are divided every few years.

How to propagate an orchid from cuttings at home?

Cuttings are suitable for orchids that can grow both up and in breadth: cymbidiums, dendrobiums.

In them, generative buds appear in the axils of the leaves, and vegetative buds, capable of giving rise to new plants, are formed along the entire shoot. Knowing the places of laying vegetative buds, you can approach cuttings with skill and are guaranteed to succeed in propagating monopodial species.

Cuttings are cut from the stem. The top will not fit, it is cut off. best term for the event - a few months after the completion of flowering.

The segments are placed in a mini-greenhouse on wet sphagnum. Some of the cuttings will germinate in a week. The rest will rot or dry out. Usually the first time experienced flower growers about 15% of the material germinates.

The children obtained as a result of grafting must be planted in separate ones when their own roots are formed on them.

Propagation of orchids by cuttings on video:

Apical cuttings

Separation from the adult specimen of the top allows you to quickly get flowering plants. For division, orchids with large quantity adventitious roots and leaves.

In orchids, division is carried out differently than in ordinary plants. The flower is cut into two parts, removing the top with part of the roots with a knife. The result is two plants - a stump and a tip. Both should have roots.

Both sections are treated with loose coal. The crown is planted in a pot with a substrate.

Children will soon appear on the stump, which will grow and develop into several adult plants. When the children begin to grow roots, they can be separated from the hemp and planted in separate containers, placed for the first time in a warm, damp greenhouse.

Apical cuttings are used only for fast-growing flowers. Slow growing plants will take years for the cutting to develop into a flowering plant.

To propagate at home most quickly and hassle-free, use faded flower stalks.

Step-by-step instruction:

Cut off the peduncle that no longer has flowers.
Divide into sticks with a sharp scalpel. At least one kidney should remain on each, and as close as possible to the lower cut.
Dust the cuts with charcoal powder.
Do not forget to sprinkle the cut left on the mother plant.
Remove the protective scale from the kidneys with a blade.
Fill a small container with sphagnum moss and moisten it with a spray bottle with rainwater or distilled water.
Lay the cuttings horizontally.
Cover the container with foil or glass.
Put in a place with a temperature of +25.
Air the container with cuttings daily, removing the film for 10-15 minutes, and spray the peat with water.

Following these instructions, you can propagate vandas and other plants with monopodial branching and a long peduncle.

Growing babies on a peduncle, video:

Child sockets

Monopodial orchids propagate by daughter rosettes: phalaenopsis, vanda. They represent one shoot with a growth point at the top and develop only vertically throughout life.

Monopodial orchids do not have bulbs, tuberidia and other storage organs. Everything you need for life is contained in their leaves.

Child rosettes are laid on peduncles. To do this, you need to create high humidity and heat. Sometimes, to stimulate the appearance of rosettes, the peduncle is wrapped with sphagnum and polyethylene, moistened or sprayed with a sleeping bud with a solution of heteroauxin.

If the temperature and humidity are not suitable, the dormant buds will turn into flowers, and then another peduncle will simply grow on the peduncle. AT favorable conditions the dormant bud will develop into a new plant. It can be separated when a few roots are formed and planted in a pot filled with a suitable substrate for this species.

Reproduction by seeds

Orchid seeds are very small and look like dust. Growing them is not easy. The matter is complicated by the fact that orchids germinate only in symbiosis with certain fungi and bacteria.

It is difficult to get orchid seeds at home. To do this, you need to carry out artificial pollination. In nature, these flowers are pollinated by certain insects or birds, which, of course, are not in our rooms.

At home, as well as in laboratories, seeds are germinated on agar-agar, to which few minerals have been added. This is the so-called Knudsen mixture. Compiling it yourself is difficult. Will be required chemical reagents and accurate scales.

Now some gardening stores sell kits that include the seeds themselves and the right ingredients for their germination. The easiest way is to buy such a kit and act according to the instructions attached to it.

If it is not possible to purchase ready-made kits or chemicals for the preparation of the Knudsen mixture, you can try to prepare a nutrient medium for germination according to this recipe:

distilled water 200 ml;
sugar 2 g;
honey 2 g;
starch 40 g;
banana puree 1 tsp;
activated charcoal - half a tablet;
fertilizer for orchids - dosage according to the instructions.

Cooking:

Mix ingredients.
Measure ph - acidity should be 4.8-5.2.
Put in a water bath.
While stirring, wait until it thickens.
Pour into sterile glass jars in a layer 3-4 cm thick.

The jars with the substrate must be sterilized in a water bath, holding for 30 minutes after boiling the water. Sterilization is carried out three times daily. Then the seeds are poured into a syringe filled with hydropyrite, and a few drops are added to the substrate, closed and placed at a temperature of 21-24 degrees.

After a few days, the seeds will swell and form green lumps (protokorm), from which they will then erupt miniature plants. If sterility has been violated, the jars will simply become moldy and their contents can be thrown away.

For propagation of orchids at home by vegetative methods, special conditions are not needed. All you need is a mini-greenhouse and knowledge. Plants obtained independently are transplanted into their own pots. Their care is standard.

Sowing orchid seeds on video:

A signal that the orchid has taken root after division, transplantation or cuttings is the growth of new roots or leaves on a young plant.

If you are the owner of an orchid, you have already thoroughly studied all the subtleties general care behind it, then sooner or later you will want to have more such beauty, try to grow several from one flower. Tempting, right? After reading the article, you will learn how to propagate an orchid at home.

1 Vegetative propagation
- 1.1 Reproduction of sympodial orchids
- 1.2 Features
- 1.3 Method of dividing the bush (video)
- 1.4 Care after division
2 cuttings
- 2.1 Propagation by cuttings (video)
3 Reproduction by stem offspring (children)
- 3.1 Reproduction by children (video)
4 Propagation by seeds

Vegetative reproduction

Remember best time for reproduction - early spring, when the plant comes out of dormancy, full of strength for growth and development.

The most popular method for propagating an orchid is to use vegetative propagation. Consider the features of this method for sympodial and monopodial species.

Reproduction of sympodial orchids

The main method of reproduction of orchids of this species is the method of dividing the bush. Sympodial orchids have several growing points. Each of them forms a sprout, which subsequently grows into a pseudobulb. And the more prevdobulbs, the more likely it is that the division will be successful. It is better to carry out the division procedure in the spring, before the start of the active phase of the growing season. To do this, you will need a garden knife (tools must be disinfected). Carefully remove the flower from the pot, using a knife, cut the rhizome in half so that 2 or 3 bulbs are located on each of the resulting parts. Sprinkle fresh slices charcoal for disease prevention. Try to avoid sharing root system into small parts, because with this option you will not be able to get strong, viable plants soon.

Peculiarities

Please note that the division will be inferior initially. One half may contain young bulbs, as a result it will grow better. The second part may consist mainly of old bulbs. Naturally, they will grow more slowly. The explanation for this is simple, because the young bulb contains a developed full-fledged kidney, a healthy, viable shoot will grow from it. And the old bulb, especially last year's, no longer has this kidney. Peduncles on old bulbs can be formed from small buds that are still at rest, so the growth will be weak.

If the plant is large, it can be prepared in advance for division. About a year before dividing with a knife, a rhizome is cut to the middle in the places of the future branch. Such actions contribute to the development of adnexal buds, so that by the time of transplantation, you can get a sufficient number of full-fledged divisions.

The method of dividing the bush (video)

This video shows in detail the propagation of orchids by dividing the bush

Leaving after division

During care, you also need to take into account the inferiority of the divisions. A delenka with young bulbs is looked after like an adult plant. It should be sprayed regularly to create additional moisture, as during division it has lost a certain part of its root system.

Do not plant a delenka with old bulbs, as mature plant. This can cause them to lose a lot of water and new shoots to be weak or unviable. Such a division must be placed in a moist earthen lump, regularly sprayed. If the division is very weak, it needs to create the most humid conditions. The most commonly used method is: use the usual plastic bag, fill with sphagnum moss, and then place a divider inside the bag. It turns out a wet insulator.

After you see young roots near the shoot, proceed to planting on permanent place. The young shoot needs attention. Make sure that the earthen ball is constantly wet. Remember that with insufficient watering of the outlet, the plant is depleted, quickly loses lower leaves and then may die.

cuttings

This type of orchid propagation is used to divide monopodial species. First, they cut off the top of the stem with several aerial roots growing on it, plant it in a pre-prepared earthen ball and take care of it like a full-fledged flower. The pot with the rest of the plant is temporarily rearranged in wet place. If all conditions are met, young shoots will appear on the cut stem. As soon as you notice new roots in them, feel free to separate them. Further care, as for an adult plant: transplant into a special substrate, spray.

Propagation by cuttings (video)

This video describes the features of propagation of orchids by cuttings.

After a few months, you will notice that new plants with a developed root system have grown from the bud. They are separated from the cuttings and planted in pre-prepared pots. When separating the root system, proceed carefully, it is advisable to keep the roots intact. The further growth of the flower will depend on this.

Reproduction by stem offspring (kids)

Orchids with segmented bulbs develop side shoots (dendrobium, calanthe) or "babies" - all these are small new plants, using which you can get individual flowers. There are factors that accelerate the formation of new babies: high temperature, the use of fertilizers with a high nitrogen content. After the appearance of the roots of the side shoots, they are separated. Children who have not formed their bulbs are cut off with part of the bulb of the mother plant, which allows the new young plant to temporarily receive nutrients in sufficient quantity.

If you are afraid that the appearance of your plant will deteriorate due to the division of the mother bulb, then you can separate the side shoots when they have formed their bulb and are at rest. They are cared for like an adult plant of a particular species. Observing proper care, a healthy flower will form from your shoot in 2-3 years, which will delight you with flowering and subsequently give you several new shoots.

Reproduction by children (video)

One of the most popular types of orchid breeding and its features in this video.

Reproduction by seeds

The vegetative method has its drawbacks, namely a low success rate in obtaining future generations. Judge for yourself, from one plant you can get a maximum of two or three apical children, 1-2 viable divisions, and cuttings can give up to 10 plants. While orchid seeds reproduce much faster: thousands of new flowers can be taught in one sowing.

However, this type of reproduction is considered very difficult even for experienced flower growers. How to propagate an orchid in this way? Orchid seeds do not have their own nutritional tissue. Therefore, it is necessary to artificially create a nutrient medium in order to germinate the seed. This environment must be sterile, it must not allow the reproduction of fungi and bacteria. And this is very difficult, since these same conditions are very favorable for them. It is necessary to strictly monitor the temperature, humidity, light, and with a slight deviation from the desired parameters, all efforts will be in vain. It is best to propagate orchids by seeds in laboratories where there are all the conditions and necessary equipment.

Caring for and propagating orchids at home is not an easy task, but if all requirements are met, you can achieve good results and create a collection of your favorite varieties.

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A bizarre fantastic plant today is not uncommon in flower growers' greenhouses. Having passed the stage of contemplation and comprehending the secrets of care, I want something more, or rather, go to the propagation of orchids at home.

Spring, when plants are gaining strength to grow, coming out of dormancy after a long winter, is the optimal time for orchid propagation.

The plant can be propagated in several ways depending on the type:

vegetative reproduction;
reproduction by peduncle;
reproduction by children;
propagation by seeds.

In terms of availability and getting good results, most gardeners prefer vegetative reproduction . This method has its own characteristics characteristic of monopodial and sympodial species. But also in other ways home breeding many fans.

Some statistics. With the vegetative method of reproduction, no more than three strong divisions are obtained from one plant. Cuttings will give about 10 new plants. With seeds for one sowing, you can get several thousand beautiful flowers.

How to propagate orchids by division

Propagating orchids by division is an easy way to achieve good results, even for beginners. This method is suitable for plants with a sympodial growth form. These include cattleya, cymbidium, lelia, dendrobium and others.

Such plants have several points of growth, from which sprouts appear, growing into a pseudobulb. The more pseudobulbs, the better conditions for propagation of orchids by division. You can start reproduction when two are formed, but it is better to wait for the appearance of three sprouts.

Reproduction stages:

Preparing pots with soil.
The plant is removed from the pot, the root is carefully washed under warm water to remove residual substrate.
The rhizome is cut into several parts with a sharp knife, but better with a pruner. At the same time, each new part must have at least two pseudobulbs.
Slices are sprinkled with powdered charcoal.
The sprouts are planted in pots.
Care is traditional for this type of orchid.

Planting is considered successful if new shoots appear.

When dividing the root system don't get carried away trying to get a lot of parts. Viable, strong plants in this situation are obtained, if obtained, not soon.

You can get a lot of full-fledged sprouts at home from big plant which must be prepared in advance. To do this, about a year before the planned division, a rhizome is cut in the place of the future branch. Thanks to this manipulation, the adnexal buds will begin to develop more intensively.

How to propagate orchids from cuttings

This type of breeding at home is suitable for species such as vanilla, angrekum, phalaenopsis, sarcochillus and other plants with a monopodial form of growth. These orchids do not have sprouts or pseudobulbs, the stem grows from one point.

Reproduction stages:

Prepare a box with moistened soil and polyethylene. Sand or sphagnum moss can be used as soil.
Faded flower stems or side shoots (if any) are cut off from the plant.
The cut stems are divided into cuttings, 10–15 cm long.
The cuttings are laid out on the soil, the box is closed with a film.
Cuttings are planted when at least two buds are formed on them. The strongest buds are located below all on the peduncle.

How to propagate orchids with a peduncle

This procedure is not designed for beginners and amateurs. For such reproduction, a decent experience in floriculture is needed.

Reproduction stages:

How to propagate orchids with children

This simple breeding method is suitable for dendrobium and phalaenopsis.

Children appear on plants with faded peduncles. To get lateral shoots, the orchid is placed in conditions with high air temperature and good humidity. If it is not possible to organize indoors right conditions, you can fertilize the soil with high content nitrogen.

Reproduction stages:

How to propagate orchids from seeds

This method is not for amateur flower growers. The method is very difficult requiring special treatment and special laboratory conditions. The process is long, the journey from seed to first flower will take a long 5 years. Agree, not every amateur is able to wait so long for the result, which may not be.

Why is the propagation of orchids by seeds such a long and difficult process? The seeds of plants of this species do not have nutritional tissue. In order for them to germinate, the nutrient medium must be created artificially. And it is this environment that is very suitable for the reproduction of bacteria and fungi that can destroy the plant. Again, a slight deviation from the set temperature, humidity and light levels can spoil the work done.

Reproduction stages:

True florist, devoted admirer amazing colors, called orchids, will not stop any difficulties if he is faced with a task get new plants. Depending on the type, you can choose best way for orchid breeding at home and be rewarded in the form of surrounding blooming beauty.

beautiful orchid flowers

Orchids with a sympodial growth form can be propagated by division. This simple method is suitable for plants that have more than one growth point, which eventually forms a sprout, and then a pseudobulb. The more pseudobulbs the plant has, the more successful the division will be. So you can propagate miltonia, cymbidium, oncidium, odontoglossum, lelia, dendrobium, cattleya.

Reproduction of orchids in this way should be carried out in early spring. The plant must be removed from the flowerpot, the roots freed from the substrate, washed with warm water. Then the rhizome should be carefully cut so that there are 2 or more pseudobulbs on each part. Treat the cuts with charcoal. Each newly obtained plant is planted in a separate pot with a substrate. Further, compliance with the irrigation regime is required. As soon as the first young shoots appear, it means that the orchid has taken root.

How to propagate orchids at home by cuttings

Propagation of orchids with a monopodial growth form should be carried out by cuttings, since such plants do not have pseudobulbs. This method is suitable for Sarcochillus, Ascocentrum, Vanilla, Vanda, Brassavola, Vandopsis, Angrecum, Aeridis. Side shoots or faded flower stems should be cut into 10-15 cm lengths, with two or more bud nodes on each cutting. The lowest bud on the peduncle is considered the strongest. The container must be filled with moist soil. It can be sand or sphagnum moss. Lay the finished cuttings on the surface of the soil, cover with a film. You can plant the plant after the roots appear.

How to propagate orchids at home with children

You can also propagate orchids with the help of children - young plants (lateral shoots) that appear on faded peduncles. If the plant is fed nitrogen fertilizers or contain high humidity and high temperature, you can activate the appearance of children. Newborn babies require frequent spraying, this contributes to the appearance of roots.

About three months after the appearance of the children should be on the parent plant. During this time, they will grow up, 3 or 4 leaves will appear, and young roots will reach a length of 5-7 cm. This optimal size for transplanting into the ground. A plant with longer roots is more difficult to transplant.

To separate the baby from the main plant, you need to use a clean and sharp tool. Leave 1 cm on each side. Be sure to treat the cut with charcoal powder. The baby is placed in a pot with a substrate and covered with a film for several months to create a greenhouse effect.

How to propagate orchids at home with seeds

Propagation of orchids by seeds is a long and complex process, requiring special sterile conditions. First you need to prepare the soil from chopped moss and leafy soil and moisten. Orchid seeds are so small that they look like fine dust. Sow seeds in rows on moistened soil, do not sprinkle on top. Next, you need to maintain sterile conditions - high humidity air and temperature 22-25 °C. Seeds are not watered, but sprayed with warm softened water. After the appearance of the first leaf, the first is carried out into the ground, consisting of moss and peat in equal quantities. The second pick is carried out as soon as the second leaf appears. At the same time, in addition to moss and peat, chopped fern roots are added to the soil. Planting small orchids in separate pots is carried out after the appearance of the fourth leaf. Now you need to properly care for the plants and be patient, because orchids in this way make it possible to admire the first flowers only after a few years.

The orchid has roots that are underground, as well as aerial roots. The plant can be propagated using these two root systems.

The type of propagation using roots is quite simple, but this requires middle-aged plants that have managed to gain their strength. In this case, it is more often propagated through ordinary underground roots.

To do this, the flower is removed from the pot. After that, the division is carried out in such a way that 2-3 bulbs remain on each fragment of the rhizome. Each part is planted in a separate container. Then it remains to water the orchid in moderation every day, and also spray it. A new plant can please the owner in the same year.

There are basic ways of propagating orchids, which are used depending on the type and condition of the flower:

Vegetative propagation (this includes the division of the root system as well). In this case, parts of an already adult plant are used. This includes layering, cuttings, pseudobulbs, side shoots, babies. To the most simple ways refers to the division of the bush.
Seed and generative reproduction.
Meristem propagation involves the cloning of a flower.
selection method.

Can the air method be used?

The orchid propagates by aerial roots or aerial branches.

Not all orchids can reproduce with air vents, but only their sympodial species. Such layering has pseudobulbs (stem thickening). Inside them are dormant buds. In order to awaken such a kidney, you need to carefully bend the stem with the pseudobulb. After that, it is removed, while the presence of a leaflet is not necessary, and is placed on a prepared moistened layer of sphagnum in a pot. For moss to germinate, special conditions are necessary.

First, a greenhouse is created for the plant, it is covered with a plastic cup.
Secondly, additional lighting is needed.

Determining the right time

It is better to propagate by roots in the warm season, for example, in spring, since these activities require elevated temperatures and prolonged illumination. But if all conditions are created in the room, you can do a transplant in the winter.

Reference. Another advantage in favor spring breeding- the fact that it is during this period that the plant is full of juice and vitality.

How to do it yourself?

Once again, it is worth recalling that in this way a stronger plant can be propagated. A young orchid will not withstand such stress and will die.

Extraction of the plant and selection of the desired part of the rhizome

The flower, along with the roots, is taken out of the pot.
The roots are cleared of an earthen clod.
Now the rhizome is cut off with a well-sharpened knife.
At each site intended for planting, 2-3 pseudobulbs should remain.

In the case of a very small division, the result may turn out to be negative, such sprouts simply will not be able to gain strength and will die.

Cut point processing

Each place where the cut was made is best treated with cinnamon, so you can save the orchid from various diseases and pests. Another way of processing slices is more common. This is sprinkling them with charcoal.

Planting new fragments in another container

The soil into which the parts of the flower will be transplanted is no different from the one where the orchid grew in the past. Of course, ordinary earth will not work, it will be necessary to purchase soil in a specialized store, it is desirable that it be intended for orchids.

In order for the orchid to grow actively and not be susceptible to disease, the basis of the soil during transplantation should be a mixture of peat, coconut fiber and small pieces of pine bark. Every pot is filled earth mixture, into which the separated roots are then planted.

Planting an old flower in the same pot

The main part of the plant, on which the pseudobulbs remained, is planted in its original place. But at the same time, care for this part of the orchid should be special. Here are some flower care tips:

Part of the root should not be planted in the same way as an adult plant.
The root part is placed in a moist earthen area.
In this case, the plant must be sprayed regularly.
The root can be greatly weakened; for its resuscitation, an ordinary bag and sphagnum moss are taken.
It fits into the bag, and the rhizome is placed there.
After the appearance of young sprouts, the root can be planted in its original place.
Do not forget about watering.

First watering

After the transplant has been carried out, watering is not needed. The period of lack of watering is 10-14 days, that is, until new leaves and roots appear. Instead, parts of the orchid are sprayed and placed in a shaded area. At the same time, the humidity in the room should be slightly increased. As soon as the grower notices that the plant has adapted, you can rearrange the pot to its original place.

Further difficulties and problems

Difficulties and problems with division can arise due to the wrong actions of the grower. Therefore, it is worth considering the most common mistakes when transplanting orchids and how to eliminate them:

Aftercare

After transplanting parts of the orchid into separate pots, proper care must be taken.

The soil for transplantation, as mentioned above, must be purchased at a specialized store. In this case, the grower does not have to worry about the right soil.
At first, top dressing for a flower is not needed. In addition, it may even be contraindicated.
For weakened, only gaining strength roots, care should be the most thorough. The light on the orchid pot should fall absently.
The room should be warm, optimal temperature regime+22 - 25 degrees.
After planting in a pot, young plant for 30 days kept under the film.

Despite the fact that there are several types of orchid propagation, the vegetative method is most often used. It is also called asexual reproduction. A feature of root division is that the flowers are genetically equal to the mother plant. If all the rules of care are followed steadily, then you can get your own way of reproduction over time. indoor garden consisting of orchids.