Organics in the garden: what and why to use. Natural fertilizers for the garden. The scheme of fertilizing the garden depending on the season
Timely fertilization of the soil in the garden will reward you bountiful harvest vegetables, fruits and berries. But you need to fertilize the garden wisely. Mineral fertilizers for the garden are still very common, Mitlider's teachings have left their mark. But for those who want to eat vegetables without fear for their health, it is better to lean towards organic soil fertilizer.
Organic fertilizers should be applied to soil poor in humus. In too light sandy soil, you need to add a little crushed clay. Heavy clay soil can be improved by adding sand and lime.
Universal fertilizers for the garden and garden - manure, humus, bird droppings and peat. Manure introduced into the soil enriches it with microorganisms that are necessary for the processing of organic matter. As a result of its application, the soil becomes alive - warmer, looser and more fertile. For example, cow dung is able to provide plants with all the necessary substances, such as nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and various trace elements.
Not all garden fertilizers can be applied to the soil in pure form. Some of them, such as bird droppings, need to be composted first. To do this, litter mixed with peat is folded into compost heaps. Nice results gives top dressing with a solution of bird droppings.
To loosen heavy soils, peat mixtures or scalded sawdust should be added to them. This improves the structure of the soil, making it lighter and looser.
Ash perfectly replaces some mineral fertilizers for the garden. It contains a sufficient amount of potassium, calcium and phosphorus and a small amount of trace elements. It is especially liked by plants that react painfully to the chlorine content in fertilizers, since wood ash does not contain chlorine. It is used not only to enrich the soil with nutrients, but also as an excellent means of pest control. Sprinkling cabbage and onion beds with fine ash protects plants from onion and also use ash when planting potatoes to protect it from wireworms and the Colorado potato beetle, sprinkle berries and all cruciferous plants with it to protect against cruciferous fleas.
Everything for the garden
Organics are carefully collected by gardeners throughout the year. For example, waste such as sunflower seeds and eggshells are excellent fertilizers for the garden. The infusion is successfully used as a wonderful foliar fertilizer for yellowing zucchini and cucumbers. And dried and crushed, containing about 94% calcium carbonate and a little magnesium, is a wonderful tool for enriching them with calcium. Especially like the introduction eggshell root crops, cabbage, onions, cherries, plums and sloes, for which they will thank you with an excellent harvest.
By replacing mineral fertilizers with organic ones, you will not only increase the yield of your garden, but also get environmentally friendly products without the content of harmful minerals, which is especially important in the backyard.
Without fertilizer, plants tend to grow very sluggishly, their fruits are small and not tasty. Therefore, you should choose best fertilizers for a garden and a kitchen garden. Complex fertilizers are compound fertilizers, which include several components useful for plants in reasonable doses. Domestic fertilizers are produced in the form of mixed, complex - mixed and complex compositions. Various fertilizers for different times and periods of plant development. Nitroammophoska, potassium nitrate, ammophos and nitrophoska remain the most popular on the market.
Nitroammophoska
The mixture is grayish-pink granules. It includes nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur in a small amount.
Suitable for almost any soil, therefore it is very popular throughout the country. And for plants, its composition is universal. One of the important properties of this mixture is an obstacle to the accumulation of nitrates by the plant in its composition. Yields also increase with the use of nitroammophoska.
The environmentally friendly composition is presented in granules, which, in turn, allows you to evenly distribute the fertilizer in the ground. It also dissolves well in water, can be stored for six months, while not caking and not absorbing moisture.
Fertilizer application.
It is suitable both as top dressing and as the main fertilizer. In heavy soils, it is better to make it in the fall. And so it is perfect for protected and open soils, in them nitroammophoska is more in demand in the spring.
How much to contribute?
- 15-20 g/m2 is enough for spring
- 400-500 gr of the composition is enough for fruit trees.
- 30-40 gr for shrubs will be enough.
It is not necessary to pour the mixture in its natural form, just before that it is very good to shed the soil, or you can dissolve it in water and water the plants. To do this, 2 tablespoons of fertilizer are diluted in 10 liters of water.
Potassium saltpeter
If you choose to pick complex fertilizers for the garden and garden, then the information in this article will be useful to you. Potassium nitrate is also a fertilizer that is suitable for any soil. And it is especially good for plants that do not tolerate chlorine, such as grapes, flax and potatoes.
Saltpeter contains 13 percent nitrogen and 46 percent potassium oxides. It must be dissolved in water and you can water both trees with shrubs and vegetables with flowers. Thanks to saltpeter, the respiration of plants and the absorbing properties of their roots improve, and the process of photosynthesis improves. It also improves the taste and size of root crops, and their resistance to pests and diseases.
It is useful both for greenhouse plants and for openly growing cabbages with potatoes. Better feeding to phase active growth vegetables. Potassium nitrate also prevents the accumulation of nitrogen in plants due to its low content in the fertilizer.
Norms of potassium nitrate for various plants.
- For flowers and vegetables, dilute 100-150 gr in 10 liters of water.
- For berry and ornamental crops, 100-200 grams of fertilizer is required per 10 liters of water.
- For watering fruit trees, we breed 250 grams per 10 liters of water.
- And such norms are introduced every 2 weeks.
- As an alternative to watering, you can spray the leaves with a 1.5 - 2% solution of potassium nitrate.
Approximate solution consumption:
- For vegetables and flowers 1-1.5 liters per 10 sq. m.
- On the bushes 1.5 liters each.
- For trees 2 - 8 liters per tree, depending on its size.
Ammophos
Highly soluble in water and excellent for garden treatment. It contains 10-12% potassium and 52% phosphorus. Due to the increased percentage of phosphorus, ammophos leads among phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.
It is produced in granules, which, without absorbing moisture, can be stored for a long time. Plants are assimilated with a bang.
Phosphorus is primarily useful for roots, so it is best to use it at the very beginning of plant development. Then it will help to form roots and shoots faster, and makes crops more resistant to drought or diseases.
Without phosphorus, yields will be low, and the fruits will not be as tasty. Fertilizer can be applied in spring and autumn, both in crops and in fruit trees and shrubs. Before sowing cereals, it is advisable to treat the land with ammophos at the rate of 60-90 kg per hectare of land. And in gardening you need 200-350 gr. for every tree.
Nitrophoska
In order to choose a universal fertilizer for the garden and vegetable garden, you need to study this article. Nitrophoska is a granular fertilizer consisting of 11% nitrogen, 11% potassium and 10% phosphorus. It can be used in the form of granules or in a solution diluted with water. The most suitable for acidic or potash soils, in extreme cases, it is also suitable for alkaline soils. And it is best manifested on clay, peat or sandy soil. You can make it before planting or in the fall after harvesting, if only as a top dressing, then during the entire growth period.
For any crops, vegetables, trees and shrubs, below are the recommended norms:
- Before planting seeds 5-7 gr \ sq.m.
- Before planting seedlings or for potatoes 4-6 g per hole.
- For fruitful bushes 50-70 grams for each of them.
- For fruit trees 200-250g for young trees and 450-600g for mature trees.
Finally
This article helped you learn about what fertilizers are for the garden. Based on this information, you will be able to choose a good fertilizer for your garden.
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Every summer resident knows that plants need nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for full development. These are the three main macronutrients, the deficiency of which significantly affects appearance and yield of plants, and in advanced cases can lead to their death. But at the same time, not everyone understands the importance of other macro- and microelements for plant health. And they are important not only in themselves, but also for the effective absorption of the same nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
garden strawberry, or strawberry, as we used to call it, is one of the early fragrant berries that summer generously endows us with. How we rejoice in this harvest! In order for the "berry boom" to repeat every year, we need to take care of the care of the berry bushes in the summer (after the end of fruiting). Bookmark flower buds, from which ovaries will form in spring, and berries in summer, begins approximately 30 days after the end of fruiting.
Spicy pickled watermelon is a savory snack for fatty meat. Watermelons and watermelon rinds pickled since time immemorial, but this process is laborious and time-consuming. According to my recipe, it’s easy to cook pickled watermelon in 10 minutes, and a spicy snack will be ready by the evening. The watermelon marinated with spices and chili is stored in the refrigerator for several days. Be sure to keep the jar in the refrigerator, not only for the sake of preservation - chilled, this snack is just licking your fingers!
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Thick Chickpea Soup with Vegetables and Egg is an easy recipe for a hearty first course inspired by Oriental cuisine. Similar thick soups are prepared in India, Morocco, countries South-East Asia. The tone is set by spices and seasonings - garlic, chili, ginger and a bouquet of spicy spices, which can be assembled to your liking. It is better to fry vegetables and spices in melted butter (ghee) or mix olive oil and butter in a saucepan, this, of course, is not the same, but it tastes similar.
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Chile con carne translated from Spanish- chili with meat. This is a Texan and Mexican dish whose main ingredients are chili peppers and minced beef. In addition to the main products, there are onions, carrots, tomatoes, and beans. This red lentil chili recipe is delicious! The dish is fiery, burning, very satisfying and amazingly tasty! Can cook large saucepan, arrange in containers and freeze - a whole week will be a delicious dinner.
Cucumber is one of my favorites horticultural crops our gardeners. However, not all and not always gardeners manage to get a really good harvest. And although growing cucumbers requires regular attention and care, there is a little secret that will significantly increase their yield. It's about pinching cucumbers. Why, how and when to pinch cucumbers, we will tell in the article. An important point The agricultural technique of cucumbers is their formation, or type of growth.
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Excessive amounts of fertilizer impair the development of plants and harm our health. However, the complete rejection of them affects the yield and can lead to disease. How to properly use organic and mineral fertilizers in the garden?
Healthy, organic vegetables and fruits have become almost main problem modernity, since the ill-fated nitrates, nitrites and other toxins that have accumulated in the soil over several decades of completely unreasonable use of fertilizers continue to have a detrimental effect not only on plants, animals, birds, but also threaten human health.
Many vegetable growers, pretty frightened by this phenomenon, went to the other extreme - they stopped using any fertilizers, which had an extremely negative effect on the growth and yield of the most popular crops in the middle lane. vegetable crops. Without timely top dressing, plants sprout poorly, grow slowly, and almost do not bear fruit. Due to the lack of organic and mineral substances, the resistance of crops to various diseases and pests is significantly reduced, and as a result, we are left without our favorite cucumbers, tomatoes, zucchini, radishes ...
To prevent this from happening, the plants must be fed regularly, strictly following the instructions for use, which can usually be found on the packages, and not exceeding the dose of drugs. We must not forget about the folk remedies that have been tested for centuries: compost, manure, humus, wood ash.
Organic fertilizers in the garden
Before you start planting any seedlings, you should prepare the land not only directly on the beds, but also on the entire plot. Enrich it, improve it physical properties, moisture capacity and breathability, thus increasing fertility, digging the earth with a mixture of manure with compost, fallen leaves, river, pond, lake silt, bark, sawdust will help.
Can't leave manure with all the extra components on the surface as they quickly lose everything beneficial features. For heavy clay soil several buckets of sand should be added (the amount depends on the size of the treated area). The most valuable qualities are sheep and horse dung, pork is poor in calcium, but has a high content of nitrogen, which burns the roots. The most popular means - cattle manure - is used in a highly diluted form after overdrying.
If it was not possible to acquire a sufficient amount of manure in time, you can replace it with leafy soil. In autumn, fallen leaves should be collected in large piles and, sprinkled with earth, left until spring. When the snow melts, the deciduous heaps must be stirred up with a pitchfork and covered with a black film. Under the influence of heat, a thick dark brown mass is formed, ready for use.
One of the best views organic fertilizers for all vegetable crops - bird droppings. Pigeon and chicken droppings have the most valuable qualities. You can use goose and duck, but it is not as effective. It is easy to prepare liquid top dressing: in a container with bird droppings it is necessary to add water in a ratio of 1:5, tightly close and infuse for 5 days. Pour the resulting mass with water in a ratio of 1:10 and use as directed. Feeding based on bird droppings is harmless and safe, but when using it, contact with the leaves of plants should be avoided.
Mineral fertilizers in the garden
For good harvest vital mineral fertilizers(nitrogen, iron, calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, magnesium) and trace elements(copper, boron, molybdenum, manganese, zinc).
Flaw nitrogen characterized by stunted growth and discoloration of stems and leaves, reduced yields, early death lower leaves. cucumbers, tomatoes, potatoes, White cabbage, zucchini ripen slowly, become tough and tasteless. To prevent this from happening, it should be applied in small doses from spring to early summer. ammonium nitrate or ammoniacal nitrogen. In the hot summer, you should feed vegetables from time to time. urea, but we must not forget that an excess of nitrogen is just as harmful as a lack.
Phosphate fertilizers necessary for the normal development of plants and the ripening of vegetables and fruits, increasing their viability in adverse conditions. With a lack of phosphorus, the plants wither, do not bloom, the color of the leaves becomes brown or purple. on alkaline and acidic soils ah it is recommended to use water-soluble phosphate fertilizers, such as ammophos, plain and granular double superphosphate. insoluble in water phosphate rock should be buried deep in acidic podzolic soil, as it does not penetrate into the deep layers of the earth with rainwater.
The effectiveness of phosphate rock increases if mixed with peat, manure, ammonium sulphate, but not with lime fertilizers. Phosphorus fertilizers can be embedded in the soil in autumn or in early spring, every few years.
potash fertilizers- potassium chloride and potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium salt, potassium carbonate, potassium magnesia, wood ash - are required to enrich light, weathered sandy and sandy loamy soil. Potassium deficiency causes a violation of oxidative processes, reduces the intensity of photosynthesis, and leads to a weakening of the immune system of plants. Potassium sulfate, which also includes small doses of sulfur, calcium, magnesium, has a beneficial effect on legumes, potatoes, cabbage, radishes, radishes. Fertilizer is used for spring and summer dressings. In autumn, you can add it to the soil before digging up the garden at the rate of 1 tbsp. l. per 1 sq.m.
Signs of a micronutrient deficiency:
- deficit copper manifested in slow growth and early wilting of plants, the appearance of white spots on the leaves, increased susceptibility to fungal diseases.
- A dull greenish-yellow leaf color indicates a deficiency. molybdenum.
- Leaf color change is characteristic of a deficiency magnesium.
- For absence boron the plant reacts with poor development of the root system and poor flowering.
It is almost impossible to independently determine the dose of microelements, therefore it is better to buy universal fertilizers, which contain the entire complex of microelements.
Any fertile soil is depleted over time with its active use, losing its beneficial properties. At large areas in this case, the land is allowed to rest: it is not used, leaving it fallow.
On small summer cottages it is not possible to allocate part of the land for recreation. Even competent alternation crops does not bring the desired effect. Therefore, in order to increase the fertility of the land, and in the end, to obtain a wonderful harvest, they are needed in the spring. What types of supplements will allow you to give excellent result?
"Country hobbies"
Fertilizers for the garden
All fertilizers are divided into organic and mineral.
organic fertilizers
These include cow and horse manure, bird droppings, peat, humus, compost. ?
Manure should not be used immediately: instead of benefit, you can do great harm to plants and bring to the site a lot of new weeds that have not previously grown in the country. It is advisable to keep manure and bird droppings in a pile for a year or two so that it ripens, then you get a wonderful useful humus. Cucumbers, zucchini, pumpkins, cabbage love fresh manure. For these crops, manure is brought into the beds in the fall before digging. But all other vegetables, flowers react positively to humus introduced into the soil at any time of the season.
bird droppings fast-acting fertilizer, rich in useful substances. AT fresh it must not be applied to the soil, there is a danger of burning the plants. An aqueous solution in a ratio of 1:15 of fresh bird droppings serves as an excellent top dressing for vegetables, flowers and shrubs. The litter does not lose its amazing useful qualities when stored together with sawdust, straw, peat.
Compost obtained by special storage (in a box, container) of plant residues. To improve the quality of compost, add wood ash and layer by layer the earth. In order to speed up the composting process, the remains of plants need to be covered with a layer of earth, peat, straw. In the heat, it is necessary to water occasionally. Ripe compost is brought in in the fall before digging the beds. Compost not only increases the value nutrients but also improves soil structure. We recommend reading.
complex fertilizer for the garden
Complex fertilizers for the garden
These include formulations containing several useful substances (nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus) for vegetable and flower crops and various micronutrients.
The most common complex fertilizers: nitrophoska, nitroammofoska, ammophos, potassium nitrate.
Nitrophoska
It is produced in granules, has in its composition nitrogen and potassium (11% each), phosphorus (10%). Best of all, nitrophoska is suitable for acidic soils: peat-bog, sandy and clay. It can be used dry before planting all crops, in autumn when digging, and as top dressing with an aqueous solution all summer.
Application rates:
- under fruit-bearing trees - 200-250 g for young and 450-600 g for adult crops;
- when sowing seeds - 5-7 g / sq. m;
- when planting seedlings and planting potatoes - 4-6 g / per hole.
Nitroammophoska
It is one of the most popular and useful fertilizers, is produced in granules and is suitable for any soil. The main elements: nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and sulfur are well absorbed by plants, helping them to develop well, increasing productivity and disease resistance, and preventing the accumulation of nitrates.
Nitroammophoska is perfectly soluble in water, does not cake, does not absorb moisture, and belongs to ecological substances. It is applied in granules to the soil, and is also used for fertilizing in the form of solutions. On heavy soils, nitroammophoska can be applied from autumn for digging, and on light soils only in spring, otherwise there is a high probability of nitrogen leaching.
Written on the package. When spreading pellets around bushes and trees, be sure to water the soil generously first.
Ammophos
This phosphorus-potassium supplement is very effective, in which there is four times more phosphorus than potassium. It dissolves well, is stored for a long time, and is perfectly absorbed by all plants. Phosphorus helps plants grow root system, increases resistance to heat, diseases, increases the formation of additional branches of grapes and the yield of vegetables, fruits and berries.
Potassium nitrate
It is suitable for almost any soil and contains 46% potassium and 13% nitrogen. Saltpeter dissolves in water, used for top dressing. It accelerates photosynthesis, improves the respiration of crops, enhances the activity of roots. All this increases the immunity of plants, increases the exchange of root crops, improving their taste. Cabbage and potatoes are especially responsive to potassium nitrate. Top dressing with saltpeter protects plants from excess nitrogen.
Which type to choose is the business of every summer resident. Organics will not harm soil fertility, but do not neglect modern achievements in creating new mineral fertilizers and . I wish you success!
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