Spring top dressing for fruit trees. How is the autumn feeding of fruit trees and shrubs

Last summer, my fruit trees did not grow well, often fell ill and gave little harvest. A neighbor, having learned about this, advised me to feed all the trees and shrubs in the spring. I did everything on her advice and this summer my apple, cherry and raspberry trees have changed for the better.

So many fruits grew on them that I distributed some of them to my relatives and friends. In this article I will tell you why you need spring feeding of shrubs and fruit trees, I will list the stages of feeding and the composition of fertilizers.

It is from spring feeding depends on how healthy and fruitful the tree will be in summer. The older the tree, the more mandatory the procedure for introducing nutrients becomes, since the soil under it is usually very depleted.

It is noticed that if the shrub is regularly fed, then it is very different from other plants by these factors:

Practically does not suffer from viral or fungal diseases.
Insect pests try to bypass it.
Grows quickly up and down.
The quality and quantity of the crop grows.
More fruitful.
Easily withstands sudden changes in air temperature.
Increased weather resistance.

organic fertilizers

Both organic and mineral elements can be used as dressings. The former are much cheaper, but it is difficult to dose them correctly, while the latter can be purchased at any gardening store without any problems, and they are very convenient and easy to use.

Many gardeners most often use bird droppings, wood ash, compost, manure as organics, since with their help it is not only easy to increase the nutritional value of the soil, but also to make it loose.

Compost - almost everyone has it suburban area in the form of a heap of rotted weeds, tops and other vegetation. In order for it to be used, it must lie for at least a year, otherwise it may contain weed seeds that will nullify all the benefits of compost.
Manure - Can be either cow or horse. Most importantly, it must be old, as fresh contains a high amount of ammonia and pathogenic bacteria. Usually dry manure is buried with the ground, but some gardeners make liquid composition for watering. To do this, a kilogram of manure is diluted in a ten-liter bucket of liquid.
Bird droppings - It happens pigeon or chicken. The latter is more common, as it contains a large amount of nitrogen, due to which plants grow quickly. But it is undesirable to overdo it with this remedy, as the roots can get burned. To feed the trees, they make up such a solution: in a ten-liter bucket of liquid, 60 grams of litter is diluted, left to infuse for about a week.
Wood ash - It fully replaces any potash fertilizers. But in order to get ashes, only wood is burned in a fire, they make sure that no construction or household waste didn't hit it. Ash protects plants from insects and various diseases.
Bone meal - It is used to reduce the acidity of the earth, as it contains a large amount of calcium and nitrogen. This flour can be purchased at any gardening store.

Mineral fertilizers

If there is any doubt about which minerals are needed, then you can purchase ready-made complex fertilizer, as they consist of the main substances - nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium. But if the gardener knows what he wants to achieve, then you can purchase individual substances:

Nitrogen - Strong roots and shoot growth.
Phosphorus and Potassium - Increased number of fruits and strong flowering.

With a careful examination of the leaves, you can understand what the tree is missing:

Nitrogen - Leaves grow small and pale.
Boron - The veins on the leaf plates turn pale, the foliage itself curls, falls off early.
Iron - Foliage quickly turns yellow and its edges turn brown. New shoots grow very slowly.
Potassium - Greens become pale, the edges of the foliage fall down.
Calcium - The leaves curl up, its color becomes almost white.
Magnesium - Greens change their color to red, yellow, but their edges remain green.
Copper - Foliage becomes limp and brown spots.
Phosphorus - The color of the green becomes green with a bronze sheen, sometimes with purple.
Zinc - Leaves shrivel, grow small, narrow.

Feeding stages

Some gardeners think that it is enough to feed the shrub once and forget about it. Actually not. From March to the end of spring they feed two or three times:

In order for young shoots to grow better, nitrogen becomes the first fertilizer. But it is not included in cold earth. It is necessary to wait until the soil warms up, otherwise the substance will simply evaporate before it reaches the roots.
A week before the first buds appear, potassium and phosphorus are given.
Immediately after the last petal has flown off, they give a complex fertilizer based on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.

It will not be superfluous to write down the date of the procedure, the name of the substance, its quantity in a notebook.

Fertilizer Application Methods

Fertilizing methods depend on the form of the substance itself:

Watering - For any dry or liquid elements that can dissolve in water. Usually watering is done around the trunk.
Burrowing - Used only for dry elements, which are more convenient to mix with the ground than to dissolve in water for irrigation. Usually buried to a depth of no more than 15 centimeters.
Spraying - Performed with a spray gun so that the substance gets on the leaves and shoots. But in this case, the amount of substance in the water should be less than during normal irrigation.

Fruit trees

Fruit trees grow best with organic fertilizers such as compost, horse or cow dung. But each type of tree has its own needs:

Apple and Pear - In early spring they are given nitrogen in the form of bird droppings, carbamide, humus, since they are the ones that they perceive best. Then they are given superphosphate along with any potash fertilizer.
Cherry and Plum - At first they are fed in the same way as an apple tree, and during flowering they are advised to give bird droppings. After the last petal flies off, the earth is mixed around the trunk with any dry organic mixtures or liquid manure is poured.

In order for fruit trees to bring more yield, you need to make sure that there are no weeds under the trunk, and the crown is always well-groomed. It is not recommended to allow strong growth of the branches, since all the nutrition will go into them, and not into the fruits.

berry bushes

They wake up much earlier than the trees, so they are fed for the first time immediately after the snow has melted. Due to their weak roots, nutrients are applied by spraying to the leaves, which absorb them well.

It is necessary to loosen the earth around the trunk, but this must be done carefully, since many shrubs have a superficial root system.

Usually berry bushes are given nitrophoska, potassium, rotted manure. But they can be replaced with ash with urea. To do this, dissolve half a glass in a ten-liter bucket of water. wood ash and three tablespoons of urea.

seedlings

Many gardeners plant young seedlings in the spring. In order for it to successfully take root, a pit for planting is prepared in the fall. For this, choose appropriate place, dig a hole slightly larger than the height of the roots.

For example, for shrubs, a sufficient depth of 30 centimeters, and for trees - 60 centimeters. After that, the hole must be filled nutrients rather than leaving empty until spring:

The bottom layer is 2 buckets of manure.
The middle layer is 2 buckets of peat or humus.
The top layer is 2 cups of wood ash.
The closing layer is the Earth that was dug out of the hole.

In the spring, during planting, the same hole is dug up again, a seedling is planted in it according to all the rules, not forgetting about drainage, and they are buried with this mixture that they have dug.

If you want to feed mineral solution, then it is watered at a respectful distance around the trunk so that young and sensitive roots do not get burned. Usually, seedlings do not need to be fed during planting, since all the necessary minerals are already harvested in the fall.

foliar nutrition

This procedure consists in spraying the crown of a tree and a bush, since young leaves absorb all the nutrients well. Spray with a nutrient solution only in May and it should be weak.

This procedure is very convenient for gardeners who come to the dacha once a week, or even less often. If shrubs and trees are treated in this way, then there will be no need to worry about watering them all summer.

Conclusion

Spring fertilization is a mandatory procedure for orchard. Thanks to this procedure, fruit trees and bushes bring big harvest, almost do not get sick and are not attacked by pests. And it should be remembered that during the spring it is necessary to introduce three nutrients in any form:

Nitrogen.
Phosphorus.
Potassium.

And the remaining elements are introduced as needed or in a complex form. If you correctly calculate the dose of nutrition, do not forget to water in time, cut off old branches, then caring for the garden will be a real pleasure for the gardener.

Spring is a hot season for gardeners. One of the important things is the spring feeding of fruit trees. The soils of garden plots are very different in their mineral composition and structure. Yes and different types fruit trees put forward their own requirements for normal growth and fruiting, not every soil can provide them with everything they need. That is why it is very important to properly and thoughtfully carry out top dressing on garden plot. Fruit trees especially need them in the spring, when they are preparing for flowering and fruiting.

Why you can't miss this event

Let's start with the fact that spring feeding of fruit trees is not the most time-consuming part of home garden care, but experienced gardeners know that this is the most important agricultural technique. Without this activity it is impossible to achieve decorative properties trees and do not wait for a good harvest of berries and fruits. Fertilizing can be compared on demand to spraying a garden against pests. Timely fertilizing of fruit trees will add the necessary elements to the soil, which in the future will result in excellent flowering and fruiting.

Fruit trees live for many years, so the soil needs additional nutrition. The tree consumes many elements from the soil, especially during the period of fruit ripening. The question is often asked whether it will block autumn dressing all nutrient requirements. Leading agricultural technicians think not. Before the growing season, the concentration of nutrients decreases, which leads to a decrease in yield and deterioration in fruit quality. Next, we will consider the lack of which elements need to be filled in the first place.

Nutrients needed by fruit trees

Spring feeding of fruit trees involves the introduction of the entire set of nutrients needed by these plants. During the growing season, the need changes dramatically, nitrogen comes to the fore, which in the autumn-spring months is washed out by heavy rainfall and water coming after the snow melts. The second most important are potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen. This sequence must be known and taken into account. First of all, the need for nitrogen intensifies in trees, and only later, during the formation of the ovary, for phosphorus. Feeding trees in the spring is the key to a good harvest in the fall. Highly important point- the presence of humus in the soil. It is usually abundant in heavy fertile soils, and practically absent in sandy and sandy soils. The content of potassium also depends on the structure of the soil.

How to properly fertilize

We are talking about the period when the trees wake up from hibernation. Top dressing of trees in the spring is done directly under the root of the tree. Moreover, it is introduced into the snow when it melts. This is how, slowly penetrating into the soil along with melt water, mineral mixtures get to the awakening roots.

The mixture is introduced into which should have been well loosened since autumn. The perimeter should be marked by drawing the width of the crown on the ground. It is here that the largest number of young suction roots is located. A young tree will need 40 g of complex fertilizer; for adult plantings, a larger portion will be required.

The location of the landings also matters. If the garden grows on a slope, then fertilization should be delayed so that the mineral mixture is not washed away with melt water.

Under the snow make top dressing containing nitrogen. But just do not buy universal mixtures called "spring", they often contain too much of this element, which can lead to the appearance of fungus. A little later, when the snow melts, you can add superphosphate, ash and potassium sulfate to the soil.

May - the time of active ovary and fruit growth

Feeding trees in the spring is not limited to this. Flowering is in full swing and the first ovary is already appearing, now the trees need not so much minerals as organic matter. Properly prepared manure and compost are perfect for May top dressing. The amount of fertilizer applied depends on the soil. Fertile chernozem requires a minimum of additives, forest soils are larger, and podzolic soils require regular and abundant moisture. Manure is usually applied in the form of an aqueous solution, this method is familiar to every summer resident. Compost must be prepared in the fall by pouring grass into the compost pit.

Processing and feeding fruit trees in the spring will become easy and simple if you take care of such proven products in advance.

Types of fruit trees

There are many of them in our garden plots, and each reacts in its own way to any type of fertilizer. That is why tree feeding in the spring should be carried out individually. Fertilizing fruit trees is the key to a rich harvest, so you should not forget about it. Apple trees respond well to such events. They need a huge amount of nutrients to grow fragrant fruits. It is equally useful to introduce organic fertilizers into the soil where pears and plums grow.

And yet, what fertilizers for fruit trees should be used? Many summer residents will answer that it is enough to take manure - and they will be absolutely right. The only exceptions are decorative, coniferous species trees. For them, it is better to choose a balanced top dressing with the appropriate labeling.

Technical subtleties

How to fertilize fruit trees? There are two options. The first is dry mixes, which gradually dissolve with water and penetrate into the soil. The second is much better suited for fruit trees and is an aqueous solution. Plants absorb liquid fertilizer faster. At the same time, if you have a seedling, then you need to apply fertilizer on a cloudy day, preferably at night. Keep in mind that the soil under the tree must be well watered so that the fertilizer solution added to it does not cause a burn of the roots.

Dry mineral mixtures are applied before watering so that the tree begins to receive as quickly as possible. The fruit tree is very responsive to the introduction of calcium, sodium, iron and potassium. No less important are selenium, magnesium, copper and many other trace elements, which are usually not enough in the soil. It is very important not to overdose. A large amount of nitrogen is detrimental to young plants. By the middle of summer, the bark will not have time to take shape, and the plant will freeze in winter. Another point: excess nitrogen stimulates the formation of shoots and slows down fruiting.

It is very important at what time of the year fruit trees were planted. Top dressing is most effective in the summer months, while winter plantings will prepare for wintering, which means they do not need fertilizers.

Mulching

There is another way to make the most of your backyard garden. Fruit trees can be fed with organic mulch. These are peat, manure, organic residues, rotted leaves and straw. All this organic matter is located on a well loosened layer under the fruit tree. The thickness of the mulch should not be too small, the optimal layer is about 15 cm around the entire perimeter of the crown. If such a procedure is performed in the spring, then it will be very good to add mineral fertilizers to the mulch. Mulching is very useful technique, it helps to retain moisture in the soil, inhibits the growth of weeds and maintains optimal temperature regime near-trunk soils.

Foliar top dressing

As you know, the plant is able to absorb nutrients not only through the roots, but also through its green crown. Agricultural technicians have long adopted this knowledge and began to actively use it. Today, advances in science allow every gardener to have a huge selection of preparations for gardening. Among them, you get the opportunity to spray fruit crops solution of mineral fertilizers and growth regulators. Such preparations can significantly improve fruiting. They are often based on a 0.2% urea solution.

During flowering, it is important to attract as much as possible more insects that will produce pollination. Summer residents go to the trick, making a sweet solution of honey, sugar and water. Such a bait in the spring works flawlessly. Since the flowering of the main honey plants has not yet begun, not a single bee will miss such a feast.

Saplings, care and top dressing

The first task of these plants is to take root and start growing as quickly as possible. Fruiting is not yet a priority. Usually, in the first few years, a young apple or pear tree produces only a few fruits, which means it does not spend too much of its resources. Later, the question will surely arise - what fertilizers for fruit trees should be applied? The best option for top dressing at the time of planting and subsequent fertilization of the seedling, the complex fertilizer "AgroPrirost" is considered. It provides all the vital elements: phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, as well as trace elements: calcium, zinc, boron and magnesium. This is especially necessary in clay or sandy areas where the soil is poor.

The first top dressing is carried out by applying a dry agent directly into the prepared hole. The subsequent ones are performed annually, superficially in the near-trunk circle. Usually they are repeated in spring and autumn. mature tree can be fully converted to home-made organic fertilizers.

Mature fruit trees

Starting from the fifth year of life, plants enter a period of active fruiting, and therefore, the requirements for top dressing change. Now the trees are fed full mineral fertilizer. For one square meter area consumes 15 g of nitrogen, 8 g of phosphorus and 12 g of potassium. These substances are brought under the snow. A little later, the turn of organic fertilizers comes, once every 2 years about 6 kg of manure is applied per square meter of the trunk circle. After the end of flowering, when the ovary growing phase begins, dry crushed bird droppings are excellent. About 0.3 kg of such a powder is scattered per 1 m 2 of the near-stem circle. Falling asleep with manure can be completely replaced by the addition of slurry. To do this, take one liter of solution per square meter of soil surface. Minerals are required to be applied annually.

Summing up

In the spring, as you know, the day feeds the year, so the gardener should not lose time. Spring feeding of fruit trees, both adult and young seedlings, is guaranteed to provide them good growth, flowering and fruiting. Despite the abundance of work on the garden plot, it is necessary to devote time to this. Then autumn will meet you with ruddy apples, juicy pears and delicious plums.

Timely top dressing of trees is extremely important for their proper growth, friendly flowering and abundant fruiting. You can fertilize the garden in the spring, after the snow melts, and if necessary, repeat the application of nutrients in the summer and in the fall.

Fertilizers should be applied in the garden depending on the type of soil and varieties of trees and shrubs. However, there are several general principles. The most important thing for trees in spring is the active growth that fertilizers with high content nitrogen, such as manure. However, never use fresh. Mature manure or compost should be applied to trunk circles under the dig.

Other sources of nitrogen can be mineral fertilizers - ammonium nitrate or urea. Three to four weeks after nitrogen fertilization mineral fertilizers with a high content of potassium can be applied to the soil. It should be borne in mind that the introduction of additional nutrients into the soil is not as important for young trees and shrubs as for fruit-bearing ones. Although both will be grateful for extra food after a particularly cold winter.

Feeding methods

Tree feeding can take place different ways: you can fertilize the ground, providing root nutrition, or you can apply microfertilizers through the crown. The second method is often combined with pest control. The first use of fertilizers occurs when laying the garden. Humus (or compost, or rotted manure), superphosphate, ash, and mineral compounds are introduced into the pit for the seedling. In the first year after such top dressing, additional fertilizers can not be applied.

In the second year of growth, as well as before fruiting, you can feed the tree with manure. Settled manure diluted in water is one of the most the best fertilizers for an orchard. Usually, it is not recommended to use fresh manure for top dressing - it is preferable to scatter it in the garden in the fall for digging, and then in winter it has enough time to decompose so that its beneficial substances pass into the soil in a form convenient for absorption by plants. However, for liquid top dressing, it is quite possible to use fresh manure. To do this, it is dissolved in water, in a ratio of one to five, and left for a week under a tight lid. This fertilizer should be applied after watering the trees. Such top dressing can be repeated in the summer, but no later than in the second half of July.

Video "Overview of the most popular tree dressings"

Video review of the most popular top dressing for, as well as helpful tips on their use.

Through the roots

it traditional way apply any fertilizers, both mineral and organic (manure, peat, compost). This method is based on natural life cycle any plant. The basic rule of root feeding of the garden is that in rainy weather, fertilizers are used in a dry form, and in a dry tree, you first need to water it well and only then feed it.

Under apple trees in spring, you can apply (about 4 kg per tree), or bird droppings diluted in a ratio of 1 to 15. Having opted for mineral fertilizers, you can make up for the lack of nitrogen in the soil with the help of ammonium nitrate - 30 grams per square meter. A little later, apple trees will need potassium, which can be obtained from - 10-20 grams per square meter.

For pear growth, it is good to apply organic fertilizer every two to three years, depending on the condition of the soil. The pear menu in spring is similar to the apple tree - 4 kilograms of rotted manure or compost and one hundred grams of superphosphate must be embedded in the soil. Stone fruits (cherries, plums) should be properly fed with organic fertilizers every two to three years, with autumn digging. In the spring, you can prepare a nutrient solution with nitrogen-containing compounds for them.

Through the crown

This method of applying fertilizer can be compared to an ambulance. Foliar top dressing can be relevant if you need to urgently fill the lack of nutrients. Foliar top dressing should be carried out after the end of flowering. They can be repeated several times - a week after the end of flowering, a month after the first time, and in the summer, but no later than three weeks before harvesting - so all the nutrients will be absorbed, but will not be in excess.

It is necessary to apply fertilizer for foliar feeding in dry, but cloudy and cool weather, it is correct to do this in the morning or evening hours, this way you can guarantee the absence of burns on the leaves. For apple trees, you can use a solution of urea (2 tablespoons per 10 liters of water) - spray both on the leaves and on the branches and trunk. You can also spray the trees with an ash solution, which is good source calcium, phosphorus and potassium. To prepare top dressing, you need a glass of ash to insist in 2 liters hot water, then dilute the resulting suspension in 10 liters of water. You can use liquid manure for foliar feeding - dilute half a liter in a bucket of water, then strain.

The pear is a more delicate tree compared to the apple tree. It can also be fed with urea, but it would be right to reduce the concentration - 1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water. Kostochkovs need a little more for optimal growth nitrogen fertilizers. Therefore, the concentration of urea for foliar feeding should be higher - 3-3.5 tablespoons per ten liters of water. Also for the growth of any fruit trees and berry bushes micronutrient supplements are needed. To do this, you can use a solution of complex mineral fertilizers.

How to understand that the plant is missing something

If the tree does not grow well, is covered with small leaves, the fruits do not set or do not ripen, then it is time to fertilize. By appearance plants can sometimes determine which elements in the diet it lacks.

Pale green, yellowish or white leaves indicate a lack of nitrogen, especially on sandy soils. If the plant does not grow well at the same time, flowering is delayed - it is necessary to add manure or compost. With a lack of phosphorus, the leaves may turn dark green, bluish or purple hue. After detecting such a problem, it is necessary to apply superphosphate, nitroammophoska or phosphate rock. When a plant lacks potassium, the leaves wrinkle, curl, flowers crumble, even from young trees. This problem can be solved by using potassium sulfate or potassium nitrate. Well-nourished trees will create a well-groomed garden that will delight both winter and summer.

Everyone, even an inexperienced gardener, knows that the orchard needs to be fed. Fruitful trees grow well and develop only on fertile soils. Over time, the amount of useful substances in the earth decreases significantly. In this situation, periodic top dressing can increase fertility, as well as improve the vegetative processes of garden trees.

When to fertilize your garden

Sometimes from some gardeners you can hear that top dressing is carried out only in the spring. But for the uniform receipt by plants of useful and required components, this should be done throughout the year, excluding only the winter period.

Spring top dressing
When the heat comes, the plants begin to wake up. It is at this time that spring feeding plays an important role in the growth and productivity of trees. These actions are carried out in order to actively grow plantings. Properly selected fertilizer composition allows plants to actively grow and produce new shoots. Accordingly, the future harvest directly depends on the quantity, as well as the quality of the branches on the tree.
summer top dressing
In the summer, such care is no less important than in early spring. Maximum amount fruit trees should be given time at the end of June. Here top dressing is important in terms of the fact that it is in summer that the fruits begin to actively ripen and pour. The main thing is not to be late, because doing it after the middle of the second summer month is almost useless.
Autumn top dressing
In the fall, top dressing is done to improve soil properties. The root nutrition of trees saturates them with the necessary trace elements and minerals. Mineral and complex mixtures are suitable for such top dressing. But it is important to remember that they should be applied before the soil freezes.

Garden food: fertilizers

To feed the garden, mineral and organic compounds are used.

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Mineral compositions

Minerals include:

phosphoric;
potassium;
nitrogen.

Phosphoric

Most gardeners prefer superphosphate proven over the years. This is a granular product containing 48% phosphorus. This composition is introduced into the soil in the fall during the digging of the soil, since phosphorus helps well in the formation of the root system.

During spring feeding, phosphorus contributes to an increase in the amount flower buds. It acts as a stimulant for the formation of fruits.

For quick assimilation of phosphorus substances, they are best used in liquid form. Just pre-soak in water for three days.

Potash

Potassium helps trees fight pests and withstand adverse weather factors such as frost and drought. It can also be noted that potassium top dressing helps trees effectively resist fungal diseases.

These formulations should be used in small doses, but regularly. After all, when the weather is rainy, they are quickly washed out. Potassium substances are best applied in combination with phosphorus.

Nitrogen

With the help of nitrogen components, vegetation is activated. This contributes to the active growth of plantings. They are used mainly in the spring. After feeding, leaves and young shoots grow well.

The most common substances containing nitrogen are:

saltpeter;
azophoska;
urea.

Organic Compounds

Feeding with organic compounds is the simplest and most accessible. These include:

manure;
ash;
bird droppings.

How to fertilize a garden

If you do not follow the rules of use, then this can adversely affect the growth and fruiting of plants. And large doses can completely destroy the plant.

For feeding, there are several ways:

mixtures of a solid type are scattered on tree trunks, and then the earth is loosened;
solution from liquid fertilizer water the trunk circle;
foliar top dressing- This is spraying trees diluted in water with compounds.

Top dressing of trees in spring is carried out with nitrogen, organic matter and combined mixtures.

AT summer period it is necessary to use nitrogen-containing compounds that contribute to the rapid saturation of trees with essential trace elements.

For autumn top dressing, mineral and complex mixtures are used. You can use organic fertilizers in small doses. Nitrogen is not recommended during this period of the year.

Every gardener must understand that in order to get good harvest The garden needs a lot of care and attention. Feeding the garden in this situation is an important part. But you always need to observe the measure, choose substances depending on the type of soil, follow the instructions for use. Only then the gardener will have a good result.

What top dressing to choose for garden trees

And a little about the secrets of the Author

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Gardeners know: to get bountiful harvest in autumn, it is necessary to properly feed shrubs and trees in spring. Trees, shrubs and plants constantly receive from the soil the nutrients they need to grow and develop. But over time, the soil under them becomes poorer and poorer. This leads to a decrease in yield.

Even if you have already fertilized the soil in the autumn, this does not mean at all that this is no longer necessary in the spring. The fact is that snow leaches important substances from it, especially nitrogen. In addition, trees and shrubs are actively growing in spring, so it is important for them to get this extra help.

How to feed trees and bushes in spring?

Manure or bird droppings - helps to enrich the soil with all the necessary substances, as well as improve the permeability of moisture and air.
Compost is plant debris that has begun to rot. It can improve the absorption of important minerals, but care must be taken to ensure that the compost is properly rotted.
Slurry - to obtain, mix water and manure in a large container in a ratio of 3: 1. Leave to wander. Before fertilizing the soil, add another bucket of water to 1 liter of manure.

Mineral fertilizers are considered:

There are also a number of microfertilizers, which include a set of the most important substances for plants - zinc, boron, manganese, iron, copper, sulfur.

Top dressing of trees and shrubs: when to carry out?

In the spring, it is necessary, first of all, to fertilize nitrogen-containing agents. Many gardeners believe that it is best to do this at a time when the snow begins to melt. It is recommended to pour the preparations in circles (at least 50 cm in diameter, but better across the entire width of the crown) under the trunks of trees and shrubs directly on the snow.

Melt water quickly seeps into the soil, dissolving nitrogen in itself and nourishing the plants. This method is undesirable while the snow layer is still too thick or there is frozen ground under it. If the mixture is left in the air for a long time, then most of the nitrogen will erode.

Many summer residents are of the opinion that it is necessary to fertilize the soil in spring only after the plant has already fully woken up after hibernation and the first buds appear on the branches. Whenever you decide to fertilize, it is worth remembering to follow the correct dosage. If you pour too much nitrogen, it will lead to the development of fungal diseases.

The second time the fertilizing of the orchard should be carried out in April, when most of the trees and shrubs are in bloom. In order for them to grow and develop normally, it is recommended to add to the soil phosphorus and potassium. But at the same time, these components are better not to make. First, add a little phosphorus, and after a while, potassium.

The third top dressing is carried out after the plants have stopped blooming. At this time, it is better to use organic fertilizers. They should be laid in specially prepared recesses, dug up and mixed with the ground. If the soil in your garden is fertile, there is no need to fertilize with organic matter more than once a year.

The main types of perennial fertilizers

To ensure that your garden is fully supplied with all the necessary minerals and nutrients feeding is recommended in two ways:

Root feeding - watering is carried out under the trunk so that the substances enter the soil.
Foliar - branches are sprayed.

Both the first and second methods are effective. If timely and correctly carry out gravy and spraying, trees and bushes will bloom more abundantly, grow faster and bear fruit better.

Foliar top dressing of fruit trees in spring: features

In spring, to improve the growth of your garden, you can use not only root fertilizer. Excellent results also gives foliar top dressing. Take a small amount of the leftover groundbait mixture and make a weak solution out of it. They need to carefully spray the entire crown of a tree or shrub.

The leaves perfectly absorb all substances., so the tree or shrub gets minerals faster. Gardeners call this method emergency assistance. It is used when it is necessary to stimulate the growth of shoots or when the trunk or root system has been damaged. For this method, both organic products and minerals are perfect. Microfertilizers also give a pretty good result.

If you want the fruits to have a sufficient amount of calcium, it is necessary to spray the fruit trees with a 4% Bordeaux mixture in the spring. She will also become excellent protection for wood from insect attacks and some diseases. Just remember: so that there are no burns of the bark and leaves, the solutions must be very weak.

To spray the crown of apple or pear trees, a solution of zinc sulfate or manganese sulfate with water (ratio of 0.2 g of substance per 1 liter of liquid) is suitable. If you use two elements at once, then their dosage should be halved. It is better to spray the crown of cherry plum, cherry, apricot and plum with urea in early spring (it must be diluted in water in a ratio of 50 g of urea per 10 liter of water). You need to spray several times with an interval of 7 days. If you want to get a more effective result, try to alternate the foliar and root method of fertilizing.

Top dressing of trees in the spring: what is the norm?

It is very important to correctly set the norm for one tree. If there is not enough top dressing, then you will not get the result, and if there is too much, you can burn the tree. Therefore, it is very important to remember the dosage of drugs.

What to consider when calculating the dosage for one tree?

How often and how much do you water your plants. If the plantations receive enough moisture, then the dosage of top dressing can be higher.
When you are cutting. Immediately after pruning, you should slightly increase the proportion of fertilizer so that the plant recovers faster.
What is the composition of fertilizers.

Urea as a way to fertilize shrubs and trees

Urea is a mineral fertilizer, excellent source of nitrogen which stimulates plant growth. Therefore, this method is most often used in the spring, when the plants move away from winter. For top dressing, you can use a ready-made solution or scatter granules under trunks or plants. Urea is actively used for spraying strawberries, some fruit trees (cherries, apples, plums), raspberries, black currants.

Spring feeding of young trees

It is not recommended to apply any kind of fertilizer under too young seedlings. It is best to start feeding from the second year of the plant's life. Young trees in springtime need both organic as well as mineral funds.

During the first loosening of the soil after the snow melts, it is necessary to fertilize with nitrogen-containing mixtures. Manure and urea should be diluted in water (300 g of urea or 4 liters of liquid manure for 10 liters of liquid). Remember that under one young tree you will have to spend at least 5 liters of the funds received. If you use humus, remember that a tree that has been growing for no more than 5 years should receive about 20 kg of this fertilizer in the spring. Liquid top dressing can only be introduced into moist soil so as not to damage the root system.

Remember that the first few years you will not notice much effect from top dressing. This is fine. You will only see results when the tree begins to bear fruit.

How to fertilize fruit trees in spring?

Apple trees in the spring are most in need of mineral and organic feeding . If your apple tree is more than 5 years old, but not yet 10 years old, for its growth it is necessary to make at least 30 kg of humus annually. Trees after 10 years need up to 50 kg of humus.

Pear dressing is similar to apple, but slightly different from it. The pear needs more humus. It must be mixed in the spring during the digging of the soil. While the tree is not yet four years old, up to 20 kg of humus can be used. But every year this figure must be increased by 10 kg.

Cherries and cherries at the age of 4-5 years need to add humus every spring, scattering it around the post (diameter not less than 0.5 m and layer up to 4 cm). Trees from five years old need humus every three years.

Under a six-year-old cherry plum or plum, up to 10 kg of humus should be added. If the tree is already more than six years old, the amount of fertilizer is increased to 20 kg.

Apricots are fed more than once in the spring. First, nitrogen-containing agents are used, then organics.

How to fertilize shrubs in spring?

As soon as the snow melts, the bushes need to be fed with nitrogen-containing products (ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate). A little later, you can feed the shrubs with potash or phosphate mixtures.

Most in drink potassium preparations needs a gooseberry. He also needs foliar top dressing with manganese sulfate, potassium sulfate, boric acid.

In the spring, raspberries should be fertilized with liquid mixtures of minerals. Organic raspberries need to be fed every three years.

Currants need to be fed several times. First, before flowering itself, using nitrogen and organic preparations. Then the fertilizer should be repeated after a few weeks. When the berries begin to set, you can use ready-made mixtures for shrubs. Thanks to this, you can improve the taste of the fruit.

Top dressing of the orchard in the spring: useful tips

Every gardener should know some features of spring garden dressing:

Chemicals are carried from the soil to the roots by liquid, so if you are using a dry fertilizer, you need to water the plant generously.
Even liquid top dressing is not recommended to be applied to dry ground, as the root system can be damaged.
In the first year of life, garden crops do not need to be fed.
Fertilizer is more effective if carried out in the evening.
When feeding, keep in mind that in an adult tree, the root system can deviate from the crown border by 50 cm.